2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 | a g e | 1

"##$# "%&'()"
*$##"*+,$- "%&'()" ./'0$) "%()&-&+,$- #"1"#"-*"
1 1he cllmber slowly ascended Lo Lop.
1he cllmber slowly ascended Lo Lhe
Lop.
arL lncorrecL or mlsslng arLlcle. Packer M2
2 She Lhlnk he wlll wln Lhe race. She Lhlnks he wlll wln Lhe race. s/v agr
lncorrecL sub[ecL-verb
agreemenL
Packer C1, C2-c
3 Lveryone works hard aL Lhelr [obs. All employees work hard aL Lhelr [obs. pron agr
ronoun does noL agree wlLh
anLecedenL
Packer C3a
4 Pe boughL flve apple wlLh Lhe money.
Pe boughL flve apples wlLh Lhe
money.
S/l
roblem wlLh Lhe slngular or
plural form of a noun.
Packer M2
3 She breaLhed ln Lhe fresh alrs. She breaLhed ln Lhe fresh alr. C/nC
CounL noun used lncorrecLly
as non-counL noun or vlse-
versa.
Packer M2
6 Pe was a very dlllgence sLudenL. Pe was a very dlllgenL sLudenL. Wl
lncorrecL word form (usually
noun -- lncludlng gerunds &
lnflnlLlves -- ad[ecLlve or adverb
problems).
Packer C4, M1-f,
M3-b
7 ?esLerday she drlves Lo new ?ork. ?esLerday she drove Lo new ?ork v1 lncorrecL verb Lense Packer C2-f
8 Pe was eaL plzza aL Lhe parLy. Pe was eaLlng plzza aL Lhe parLy. vl verb lncorrecLly formed Packer C2
9 My broLher was belng Lease. My broLher was belng Leased. volce
AcLlve/passlve volce (verb)
problem
Packer M1b, W3
10 Pe ls always sLudylng ln 2:00 am. Pe ls always sLudylng aL 2:00am. prep
lncorrecL or mlsslng
preposlLlon.
Packer M3
*,.& *$2"2 "##$# 1""20&*3 4 .+/)" *5&#+
1

1
AdapLed from !"#$#%& ()*+"),- .*/01%2#%& $1 345 (1601/#$#1%/, 6Lane & Lange, 1993, pp. xx-xxl), lerrls & 8oberLs (2001), WrlLlng 78+2*6#8 3%&)#/9: Level 4, 4
Lh
Ld. (2006) earson Longman,
pp. 300-302, and Po (2004), ;/#%& 3""1" (12*/ $1 <*)0 3""1" (1""*8$#1% <hLLp://www.clLyu.edu.hk/en/research/ho.pdf>, Packer references are for 7 !"#$*"=/ .*>*"*%8*: !#$9 .*/1?"8*/ >1"
@?)$#)#%&?+) !"#$*"/ +%2 345: A$9 *2B (Packer, 2009).
!"#
%&' !("
)"*+ !("
%&,-
.&/.
01
'2
'1
3*456
)"6)
2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 | a g e | 2

"##$# "%&'()" *$##"*+,$- "%&'()" ./'0$) "%()&-&+,$- #"1"#"-*"
11 She ls excepLlonal aL maLhomaLlcs. She ls excepLlonal aL maLhemaLlcs. S Spelllng error Packer -7
12 Pe Lyped Lhe paper on hls calculaLor. Pe Lyped hls paper on hls compuLer. WC Wrong word cholce.
Packer W1-6

hLLp://gsrc.ucla.edu/g
wc/resources/esl-
resources.hLml#Websl
LesCollocaLlons
13 Well, l'd klnda llke Lhe [ob. l would llke Lo apply for Lhe poslLlon.
lnform
or
Lone
lncorrecL Lone Packer W4-d
14 1he new sLudenL felL llke a flsh ln Lhe alr.
1he new sLudenL felL llke a flsh ouL of
waLer.
non-
ldlom
noL expressed Lhls way ln
Lngllsh.
Packer W3-d
13 She ran Lwo Llmes Lhe maraLhon. She ran Lhe maraLhon Lwo Llmes.
WC

and/or Word order ls lncorrecL.
hLLp://llnguapress.co
m/grammar/word-
order.hLm
hLLp://www.engllsch-
hllfen.de/en/words/w
ord_order.hLm
16 1he moon lL ls brlghL. 1he moon ls brlghL.

unnecessary word(s). Packer S2
17 AfLer class dld all my homework. AfLer class l dld all my homework.
lnserL mlsslng word/leLLer,
lncludlng con[uncLlons and
LranslLlons
Packer S2
18
Pe dlscovered LhaL buylng and
malnLalnlng a house was more expenslve
Lhan Lo pay renL for an aparLmenL.
Pe dlscovered LhaL buylng and
malnLalnlng a house was more
expenslve Lhan paylng renL for an
aparLmenL.
// noL parallel sLrucLure. Packer S1

%,
7+8*"9 & #*+6
+*+:4;4*9
0.
2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4 | a g e | 3

"##$# "%&'()" *$##"*+,$- "%&'()" ./'0$) "%()&-&+,$- #"1"#"-*"
19
1he Llps are good, 7and all Lhe employees
share Lhem8.
1he Llps, whlch are Lhe employees
share, are good.
[ ] SubordlnaLlon suggesLed Packer 83, S6-a
20 1he desk 6walked Lo eaL Lhe door9. (requlres clarlflcaLlon) unclear
unclear message, cannoL
deLermlne meanlng from whaL
ls wrlLLen.
hLLp://www.myunlon
.edu/WrlLlngCenLerP
ome/roblemswlLhu
nclearSenLences.aspx
21 My famlly has one broLher and one slsLer. l have one broLher and one slsLer. awk
Message ls undersLandable
buL awkward.
Packer W2-b
22

Lhen mr. [ohnson came home.
1hen Mr. !ohnson came home.
CA or

CaplLallzaLlon error -
caplLallzed leLLers needed.
Packer M3
23
She sald l am so happy.
She sald, "l am so happy!"
uncLuaLlon lncorrecL or
mlsslng
Packer 1-7
24 8ecause he overslepL an hour.
8ecause he overslepL an hour, he was
laLe Lo class.
l8AC
A compleLe senLence requlres
aL leasL 1 lndependenL clause
Packer C3
23 Pe boughL Lhe plzza Lhey aLe lL. Pe boughL plzza, buL Lhey aLe lL. 8C
8un-on -- 2 lndependenL
clauses lncorrecLly [olned
Packer C6
26
1he auLhor ls persuaslve, she made me
Lhlnk a loL.
1he auLhor ls persuaslve, she made
me Lhlnk a loL.
CS
Comma spllce -- lncorrecL use
of comma (cannoL connecL 2
lndependenL clauses by lLself).
Packer C6 & 1-2
<+5-6!"
, ,
!=>
1?@A
?B
.%