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Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten

Lecture 1503 Equilibrium Calculations The Reaction Quotient, Q

John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Equilibrium

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An Equilibrium Problem
A closed system initially containing 1.000 x 10-3 M H2 and 2.000 x 10-3 M I2 at 448 C is allowed to reach equilibrium. Analysis of the equilibrium mixture shows that the concentration of HI is 1.87 x 10-3 M. Calculate Kc at 448 C for the reaction taking place, which is

H2 (g) + I2 (s)

2 HI (g)
Equilibrium
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What Do We Know? (An ICE Table) H2 (g) + I2 (s)

[H2], M

2 HI (g)
[I2], M [HI], M
0

Initial [x]
Change [x] Equilibrium [x]

1.000 x 10-3

2.000 x 10-3

1.87 x 10-3
Equilibrium

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[HI] Increases by 1.87 x 10-3 M H2 (g) + I2 (s)

[H2], M
Initially Change At equilibrium 1.000 x 10-3

2 HI (g)
[I2], M [HI], M
0 +1.87 x 10-3 1.87 x 10-3
Equilibrium

2.000 x 10-3

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Stoichiometry tells us [H2] and [I2] decrease by half as much. H2 (g) + I2 (s)
[H2], M
Initially Change At equilibrium 1.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4

2 HI (g)
[I2], M
2.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4

[HI], M
0 +1.87 x 10-3 1.87 x 10-3
Equilibrium

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We can now calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all three compounds H2 (g) + I2 (s)
[H2], M
Initially Change At equilibrium 1.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4 6.5 x 10-5

2 HI (g)
[I2], M
2.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4 1.065 x 10-3

[HI], M
0 +1.87 x 10-3 1.87 x 10-3
Equilibrium

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[HI]2 Kc = [H2] [I2]

[H2], M
Initially Change At equilibrium 1.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4 6.5 x 10-5

[I2], M
2.000 x 10-3 -9.35 x 10-4 1.065 x 10-3
-3 2

[HI], M
0 +1.87 x 10-3 1.87 x 10-3

Kc

1.87 x 10 6.5 x 10 1.065 x 10 51

-5 -3

Equilibrium

2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Exercise 15-5
0.017 mol of n-butane is placed in a 0.50 L container and allowed to come to equilibrium with its isomer isobutane. KC at 25C is 2.5. What are the equilibrium concentrations of the two isomers?

Equilibrium

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Exercise 15-6
2.0 mols Br2 are placed in a 2.0 L flask at 1756 K, which is of sufficient energy to split apart some of the molecules. If KC = 4.0 x 10-4 at 1756 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the bromine molecules and atoms?

Equilibrium

2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Exercise 15-7
Given the following: Nicotine = Nic = C10H14N2 Nic(aq) + H2O(l) NicH+(aq) + OH-(aq) K1 = 7.0 x 10-7 K2 = 1.1 x 10-10

NicH+(aq) + H2O(l) NicH22+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Calculate [OH-] at equilibrium of a solution that is initially 0.020 M nicotine

Equilibrium

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The Reaction Quotient (Q)

Q gives the same ratio the equilibrium expression gives, but for a system that is not at equilibrium. To calculate Q, one substitutes the initial concentrations on reactants and products into the equilibrium expression.
Equilibrium

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If Q = K,
the system is at equilibrium.

Equilibrium

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If Q > K, there is too much product, and the equilibrium shifts to the left.

Equilibrium

2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

If Q < K, there is too much reactant, and the equilibrium shifts to the right.

Equilibrium

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11/18/2013

Exercise 15-8
For the equilibrium system, 2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g) , the equilibrium constant, KC , is 8.8 at 25C. If analysis shows that 2.0 x 10-3 mole of NO2 and 1.5 x 10-3 mole of N2O4 are present in a 10.0 L flask, is the reaction at equilibrium? Defend your answer. If not at equilibrium, describe how the reaction will proceed to equilibrium.

Equilibrium

2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.