Proiect Licenta

CAPITOLUL I
PREZENTAREA GENERAL A
S.C. ZAHR CORABIA S.A.
1
1.1. Amplasamentul societaii
Fig. 1.
Societatea comercial S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A. e!te am"la!at "e tera!a i#$erioar a
%&#rii c& o'iecti(e )i *# L&#ca %&#rii +&" c&m &rmea, -
.Se+i&l !ociet/ii e!te am"la!at "e "lat$orma i#+&!trial Cora'ia (e!t0 la limita ora)&l&i
$ii#+ c&"ri#! i#tre %N #r. 12 A Cora'ia ec3et0A&to!er(ice %acia0+r&m&l ora)e#e!c Cora'ia
S.C. IELIF CO4SRO4 )i !ocietatea +e co#!tr&c/ii RO4CO4 CRAIO5A. At6t la "artea e!tic
c6t )i la "artea (e!tic !e *#(eci#ea, c& "ro"iet/i "artic&lare .
2
.C6m"&rile +e #mol !&#t !it&ate i# l&#ca %&#rii 0*# a$ara i#ci#tei *#+ig&ite $ii#+
c&"ri#!e i#tre +r&m&l +e acce! la !ta/ia +e "om"are 1 )i +ig&l +e a"rare a mal&rilor .
.Sta/ia +e "om"are #r.1 !e *#(eci#ea, c& %&#rea )i c& !ta/ia +e "om"are a S.C. IELIF
CO4SRO4 c& care $ace cor" com&#.
.Sta/ia +e "om"are #r.7 e!te !it&at *# L&#ca %&#rii *# a$ara ,o#ei *#+ig&ite
i#(eci#6#+&.!e c& i!la,&l com&#al.
.Li#ia +e gara8 +i# a$ara i#ci#tei0!e i#(eci#ea, c& co#+&cta +e termo$icare a ora)&l&i
0li#iile +e gara8 a S.C. CORAPET0 S.C.CO4ICARA0 S.C.CORI4S )i ale $a'ricii +e "6i#e.
Am"la!ame#tele #& a& re!tric/ii $a/ +e "la#&l )i reg&lame#tele &r'a#i!tice.
1.2. Descrierea procesului productive
O'iecti(&l "ri#ci"al al acti(it/ii +e "ro+&c/ie *l co#!tit&ie (alori$icarea re!&r!elor +e
!$ecl +e ,a3r "ri# "ro+&cerea )i comerciali,area ,a3r&l&i to! alime#tar0 "rec&m )i a
"ro+&!elor !ec&#+are 9mela! )i 'or3ot: re,&ltate +i# "rel&crarea !$eclei +e ,a3r.
Ca"acitatea +e "rel&crare e!te +e ;<<< t=,i +e !$ecl +e ,a3r.
AOr!ani"area !eneral# a produciei
Pro+&/ia +e ,a3r )i "ro+&!e ,a3aroa!e e!te orga#i,at "e &rmtoarele !ectoare-
.Sector&l go!"o+riei +e !$ecl0"re(,&t c& &tila8e cla!ice "e#tra +e!crcarea !$eclei +i#
(agoa#e !a& +i# a&to 'a!c&la#te !i alte mi8loace +e tra#!"ort0 i#!tala/ii ELFA0 !ilo, !$ecl0
tra#!"ortoare c& 'a#+ "e#tra i#!ilo,are !$ecl0 !e"arator a"0ca#ale +e "l&tire !$ecl0 "ri#,toare
+e "aie."ietre0 +o,atoare etc>
.Go!"o+ria +e "iatr (ar !i coc!0"re(,&t c& tra#!"ortoare c& 'a#+a0!ta/ie +e co#ca!are.
!ortare0+e"o,ite "e#tr& "iatr +e (ar !i coc!0a!ce#!oare "e#tr& alime#tare0trei c&"toare +e ar+ere
"iatr +e (ar c& a#e?e>
3
.Sector +e !"lare !$ecl )i taiere.+i$&,ie0 "re(,&t c& &tila8e !"eci$ic0re!"ecti( ele(atoare0
'e#,i +e tra#!"ort0 ma)i# +e !"lat0 ma)i#i +e taiat 0+i$&,or."ri#,tor "&l"0 tra#!"ortoare c&
racle/i0 "om"e>
.Sector&l +e "re!are a 'or3ot&l&i "re(,&te c& "re!e ori,o#tale0tra#!"ortoare elicoi+ale )i
tra#!"ortoare c& racle/i0 i#!tala/ii +e 'ric3etat 'or3ot &!cat>
.Sec/ia +e "&ri$icare ,em&ri +otat c& "re+e$ecator0+e$ecator la cal+0i#!tala/ie !at&ra/ie c&
recirc&lare0 i#!tala/ie +e !&"ra!at&rare )i recirc&lare ,em&ri0 !&"ra!at&ratie la "re+e$ecator0
i#!tala/ie +eca#tare ,em&ri +e $iltrare !i co#trol *# $l&?>
.Sec/ia +e e(a"orare0 +otat c& !e"aratoare +e a'&r0"re*#cal,itoare0i#!tala/ii +e e(a"orare>
.Sector&l +e $ier'ere.cri!tali,are.ce#tri$&gare0 +otat c& a"arate (ac&&m "e#tra ma!a
groa!0 re,er(oare +e !iro"&ri0 mala?oare0 re$rigere#/i "ro+&!e0 "om"e ma!e groa!e )i !iro"&ri0
ce#tri$&ge0 tra#!"ortoare melc )i (i'ratoare0ca#tare mela!0etc>
.Sector +e co#+i/io#are ,a3r0 am'alare0 e?"e+i/ie>
.Sec/ia +e $a'rica/ie !&c&ri +otat c& &tila8e !"eci$ic $a'ricrii "ro+&!elor ,a3aroare9ra3at0
"ro+&!e ,a3aroa!e0 +ra8e&ri0 8ele&ri etc.:>
.Go!"o+aria +e mela!>
.Ce#trala electrotermic>
.Sta/ie +e a" i#+&!trial>
.Sta/ia +e a" "ota'il0 +otata c& "om"e0 'a,i#e !i ec3i"ame#te !"eci$ic>
.Gara8 a&to )i remi,a PSI>
.Sector &tila8 gre& care *#tre/i#e *# e?"loatare *#crctoarele ti" @olla0 Fa+roma0 I$ro#>
.Go!"o+rii a#e?e>
.Sector&l meca#ic care a!ig&r e$ect&area l&crrilor +e re"ara/ii !i *#tre/i#ere a &tila8elor
*# cam"a#ie )i *# remo#t>
4
.a,e +e rece"/ie !$ecl +e ,a3r0 orga#i,ate i# "&#ctele +e colectare +i# teritori& >
.Sector&l +e +ro8+ie $&ra8er +otat c& &tila8e !"eci$ice-li#&ri +e $erme#tare0
"re$erme#tatoare0 reci"ie#/i "e#tr& mela! )i aci+ !&l$&ric etc.

BAnali"a $lu%ului de producie
Te3#ologia +e $a'rica/ie a ,a3r&l&i a $o!t li(rat i#i/ial +e $irma germa#
SANGERHAUSEN )i mo+er#i,at *# tim" +e ge#era/ii +e !"eciali)ti )i l&cratori ai age#t&l&i
eco#omic.
Fl&?&l te3#ologic +e $a'rica/ie c&"ri#+e o"era/ii +e rece"/ie !$ecl +e ,a3r0 "iatra +e
(ar0 coc! )i alte materiale a&?iliare #ece!are "ro+&c/iei.A# go!"o+ria +e !$ecl !e e$ect&ea,
o"era/ii +e +e!crcare0 *#!ilo,are0 tra#!"ort !$ecl.
A# !ector&l +e !"lare0 !$ecla !e c6#tare)te0 !e +e!carc 3i+ra&lic0 !e !e"ar +e "ietre0 "aie
)i im"&rit/i. Piatra !i im"&rit/ile !e *#carc *# mi8loace +e tra#!"ort )i !e e?"e+ia, la groa"a +e
g&#oi. A"a $olo!it la tra#!"ort e!te trimi! la +e#i!i"ator0 a"oi la +eca#ator !i re$olo!it.
Nmol&l +i# a" e!te tra#!"ortat la c6m"&rile +e #mol. Ri+icarea !$eclei la ma)i#ile +e
!"alat !e $ace 3i+ra&lic.
A# go!"o+aria +e (ar !i coc! !e +e!carc )i !e co#ca!ea, "iatra +e (ar !i coc!&l0 care
a"oi !&#t i#tro+&!e i# +e"o,ite !a& +irect i# c&"tor&l c& (ar. Sa(&ra re,&ltat +e la co#ca!are !i
!ortare !e $olo!e)te la 'ala!tarea +r&m&rilor #ea!$altate.
C&"toarele c& (ar !&#t alime#tate c& calcar )i coc!0 "ro+&c6#+ (ar #e!ti#! "ri# ar+ere c&
coc! )i ga, meta#.%io?i+&l +e car'o# re,&ltat !e ca"tea, )i !e "om"ea, i# 3ala +e "ro+&c/ie
$ii#+ &tili,at la "&ri$icare.
O?i+i& +e calci& 9(ar&l #e!ti#!:!e tratea, c& a" *#tr.&# tam'&r rotati(0 re,&lt6#+
3i+ro?i+&l +e calci& 9la"te +e (ar:0 !e ce#tri$&g3ea, )i !e trimite i# 3ala +e $a'rica/ie la
"&ri$icarea ,em&rii. Ni!i"&l )i alte im"&rit/i re,&ltate +i# la"tele +e (ar !e e(ac&ea, la groa"a
+e g&#oi.
5
S$ecl ri+icat 3i+ra&lic la ma!i#a +e !"lat !e i#tro+&ce *# !"ltor&l +e !$ecl &#+e are
loc !"larea !$eclei +e #i!i"&l !i "m6#t&l a+ere#t "e !&"ra$a/. A# !"ltor !e !e"ar
co+i/ele0#i!i"&l !i "iatr. Co+i/ele !e colectea, !e +e"o,itea, )i !e (6#+ ca 3ra# la a#imale.
S$ecla !"lat !e taie !&' $orm +e tai/ei )i !e i#tro+&ce la o"rire )i a"oi la +i$&,ie.
or3ot&l re,&ltat !e tra#!"ort la "re!ele +e 'or3ot0 la li#ia +e 'ric3etare 'or3ot &!cat )i
a"oi la +e"o,it&l +e 'or3ot0 +e &#+e !e *#carc *# mi8loace +e tra#!"ort )i !e e?"e+ia, la
&tili,atori0 *# ge#eral cre!ctorii +e a#imale. A# &ltima "erioa+ 'or3ot&l !.a li(rat !&' $orm +e
'or3ot &me+ c& BC &mi+itate.
Zeama re,&ltat la +i$&,ie e!te "om"at la "&ri$icare ,em&ri0 i#tr6#+ la "re+e$eca/ie0
+e$ecatie0 !at&ra/ie 0 $iltrare0+ecalci$iere0 e(a"ora/ie0 $ier'ere )i cri!tali,are. 4ela!a re,&ltat e!te
"om"at la re,er(oarele +e mela! )i li(rat $a'ricilor +e alcool )i +ro8+ie +e 'ere0 c&
a&toci!ter#e !a& (agoa#e ci!ter#.
Za3r&l re,&ltat 9ma!a groa!: !e trimite la ce#tri$&gare )i a"oi la &!care0 racier0 !ortare0
c6#trire )i +e"o,itare.
O "arte +i# ,a3r e!te &tili,at la "re"ararea "ro+&!elor ,a3aroa!e.
Co#trol&l te3#ic +e calitate !e e$ect&ea, *# $a,elor $l&?&rilor +e $a'rica/ie +e!cri!e c&
ec3i"ame#te !"eci$ice +e co#trol acti(e )i *# $i#al0 e$ect&6#+&.!e )i a#ali,e $i,ico.c3imice "e
lot&ri +e $a'ricatie co#$orm caietelor +e !arci#i !"eci$ic.
Rece"/ia materiei "rime )i materialelor !e e$ect&ea, *# co#$ormitate c& "re(e+erile
caietelor +e !arci#i.
Pri#ci"alele materii "rime !i material &tili,ate *# "roce!&l +e $a'rica/ie !&#t !$ecla +e
,a3r 0 calcar&l0 coc!&l0 !o+a calci#at0 al+e3i+a $ormic )i &lei&l a#ti!"&ma#t.
Pe#tra am'alarea "ro+&!elor !&#t #ece!ari !aci +e i&t0 !aci +e "olietile#0 $olii +e
"olietile#0'&telii +e !ticl0 #a(ete "la!tic etc.
6
CAPITOLUL II
INSTALADII EI UTILAFE FOLOSITE AN SISTE4UL
%E TRANSPORT INTERN EI %EPOZITARE
AL S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A.
7
4a)i#ile c& ac/io#are +i!co#ti#& $olo!ite la. S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A. !&#t
moto!ti(&itoarele c& $&rci $ro#tale .
4a)i#ile c& ac/io#are co#ti#& $olo!ite la S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A. !&#t &rmtoarele -
. tra#!"ortoare elicoi+ale !a& )#ec&ri >
. tra#!"ortoare c& 'a#+>
. tra#!"ortoare c& raclete >
. ele(atoare c& c&"e >
2.1. Calculul motostivuitorului cu $urci $rontale
La S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A. !e $olo!e!te moto!ti(&itor&l +e ti" %e!ta %17 c& &rmatoarele
catacteri!tici te3#ice-
Fig. 7.
8
%e#&mire caracteri!tici U#itate +e
m!&r
Sim'ol 5aloarea
caracteri!ticilor
Pro+&ctor . . %e!ta
Ca"acitatea #omi#al +e *#crcare Gg H 171<
5ite,a +e +e"la!are ma?im c& *#crct&r m=! (
+i
70BB
5ite,a +e +e"la!are ma?im $r *#crct&r m=! (
+g
;0I1
5ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor c& !arci# m=! (
r!
<.I
5ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor $r !arci# m=! (
rg
<.I7
5ite,a +e co'or6re a $&rcilor c& !arci# m=! (
c!
<.1
5ite,a +e co'or6re a $&rcilor $r !arci# m=! (
cg
<.22
P&terea #omi#al a motor&l&i GJ P
#
;7
T&r/ia #omi#al a motor&l&i rot=mi# # 71<<
N&mr cili#+rii = ca"acitatea cili#+ric .=cm
;
. 2=1K<<
L&#gime $r $&rci mm E 7171
L/ime mm L 1<B<
A#l/ime c& $&rcile la !ol mm 71B1
A#l/ime c& $&rcile la 3
ma?
mm C ;2<<
A#l/imea +e ri+icare a !arci#ii mm A ;<<<
A#l/imea ma?im a ca'i#ei mm L 1KK1
L/imea c&loarelor +e circ&la/ie mm N ;B;<
2.1.1. Determinarea duratei medii a ciclului de lucru
%&rata &#&i cicl& +e ma#i"&lare !e +etermi# c& rela/ia-
1
M!ecN
n
c i
i
T t

9
&#+e -
i
t
. +&rata o"era/iei eleme#tare 0 i O
Pe#tr& a +etermi#a +&rata me+ie a cicl&l&i +e l&cr& !e $ace me+ia aritmetic a +&ratelor a trei
cicl&ri +e ma#i"&lare-
. "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai l&#g>
."e#tr& c&r!a me+ie>
."e#tr& c&r!a cea mai !c&rt >
Determinarea duratei ciclului de manipulare pentru cursa cea mai lun!#
1.Tim"&l #ece!ar i#tro+&cerii $&rcilor *# galeriile "alet&l&i
t
1
P 2!
7.Tim"&l #ece!ar rotirii i# "la# (ertical a !i!tem&l&i +e rame c& &#g3i&l Q
t
7
P 7!
;. Ri+icarea &#it/ii +e *#crct&r la *#l/imea +e tra#!"ort H
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
. (ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor c& !arci# 0
N = M s m
.

;
<.1
1
<.I
t s
2.%&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a moto!ti(&itor&l&i

2
1 t s
10
1.%e"la!area moto!ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&ra

1
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
12 1R.1 7.B
1;
1<<<
1<S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
1
d
.+i!ta#/a "e care !e +e"la!ea, moto!ti(&itor&l MmN
di
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are *#crcat a moto!ti(&itor&l&i P1< Tm=3
I. Rotirea &tila8&l&i "e &# arc +e c&r' +e K<
o

I
2 t s
B. Rotirea &tila8&l&i "e &# arc +e c&r' +e K<
o

B
2 t s
R.Ri+icarea *#crct&rii la *#l/imea +e !ti(&ire a mr$ii H
R
R
M N
R
R
H
t s
v

R
1.7
7
<.I
t s
K. Tim"&l #ece!ar rotirii i# "la# (ertical a !i!tem&l&i +e rame c& &#g3i&l Q
t
K
P 7!
1<.Tim"&l #ece!ar !coaterii $&rcilor +i# galeriile "alet&l&i
t
1<
P 2!
11
11.Co'or6rea $&rcilor $r *#crct&r +e la *#l/imea +e !ti(&ire a mar$ii H
R
11
M N
R
c
H
t s
v

11
1.7
;
<.2
t s
&#+e-
c
v
.(ite,a +e co'or6re $ar *#crct&r Mm=!N
17. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a moto!ti(&itor&l&i

17
1 t s
1;.%&rata +e"la!rii i# !tare goal a moto!ti(&itor&l&i
1
1;
M N
dg
d
t s
v

1;
12 1R.1 7.B
1<
1<<<
1;S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
dg
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are i# !tare goal a moto!ti(&itor&l&iP1;Tm=3
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai l&#g-
T
c1

Determinarea duratei ciclului de manipulare pentru cursa medie
12
t
1
P 2!
t
7
P 7!
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
N = M s m
.

;
<.1
1
<.I
t s

2
1 t s

7
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
12 B.1 7.B
K
1<<<
1<S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
7
d
di
v
o
13

I
2 t s
o

B
2 t s
R
R
M N
R
R
H
t s
v

R
1.7
7
<.I
t s
t
K
P 7!
t
1<
P 2!
R
11
M N
R
c
H
t s
v

11
1.7
;
<.2
t s
&#+e-
c
v
17. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a moto!ti(&itor&l&i

17
1 t s
14
1;.%&rata +e"la!rii i# !tare goal a moto!ti(&itor&l&i
1
1;
M N
dg
d
t s
v

1;
12 B.1 7.B
B
1<<<
1;S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
dg
v
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a me+ie-
T
c7

Determinarea duratei ciclului de manipulare pentru cursa cea mai scurt#
t
1
P 2!
t
7
P 7!
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
. (ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor c& !arci# Mm=!N

;
<.1
1
<.I
t s
15

2
1 t s

;
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
1<.1 1
I
1<<<
1<S
;I<<
t s
+

&#+e-
;
d
di
v
o

I
2 t s
B.Co'or6rea *#crct&rii la *#l/imea +e !ti(&ire a mr$ii H
R
B
M N
R
C
H
t s
v

B
<.1
1
<.1
t s
R. Tim"&l #ece!ar rotirii i# "la# (ertical a !i!tem&l&i +e rame c& &#g3i&l Q
t
R
P 7!
K.Tim"&l #ece!ar !coaterii $&rcilor +i# galeriile "alet&l&i
t
K
P 2!
16
1<. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a moto!ti(&itor&l&i

1<
1 t s
11.%&rata +e"la!rii i# !tare goal a moto!ti(&itor&l&i
;
11
M N
dg
d
t s
v

11
1<.1 1
1
1<<<
1;S
;I<<
t s
+

&#+e-
dg
v
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai !c&rt-
T
c;

%&rata me+ie a cicl&l&i +e l&cr& (a $i-
1 7 ;
1K 17 ;K
1<
; ;
c
c
T T T
T s
+ + + +

7.1.7. Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a moto!ti(&itor&l&i
H
e
P
;I<< ;I<<
S S<.I 2;.7 22 =
1;
T
c
k ui h
T

&#+e-
17
T
T
Pcoe$icie#t +e $olo!ire a moto!ti(&itor&l&i i# tim">
7.1.;. Calc&l&l "&terii #ece!are motor&l&i +e
a#tre#are a meca#i!melor moto!ti(&itor&l&i
Calc&l&l "&terii #ece!are motor&l&i !e (a reali,a *# +o&a ca,&ri -
. +emararea )i +e"la!area moto!ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&r >
. +emararea )i +e"la!area moto!ti(&itor&l&i $r *#crct&r .
4eca#i!m&l +e ri+icara a $&rcilor moto!ti(&itor&l&i e!te ac/io#at +e &# !i!tem 3i+ra&lic
co#trolat +e motor&l %ie!el 0 +ar +atorit $a"t&l&i c "&terea #ece!ar e!te m&lt mai mic *#
com"ara/ie c& "&terea #ece!ar meca#i!m&l&i +e r&lare 0 calc&lele &rmtoare #& /i# !eama )i +e
acea!ta .
Demararea &i deplasarea motostivuitorului cu 'nc#rc#tur#
Calc&l&l $or/elor re,i!te#te la r&lare-
T
R
nec
v F
P
7
1<
MTJN >
nec
P
U "&terea #ece!ar "e#tr& a#tre#area meca#i!m&l&i
F
R
U $or/a re,i!te#t la r&lare "e care o *#t6m"i# ro/ile cr&cior&l&i M+aNN
( U (ite,a +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i Mm = !N > ( P 70BB m = !
T
. ra#+ame#t&l tra#!mi!iei > R 0 <
T

: 9
< inc ut R
G G w F +
M+aNN
<
w
coe$icie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0
<
<0 <7 w
>
18
s
G
gre&tatea "ro"rie a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
7;R<
s
G daN
>
i
G
gre&tatea *#crct&rii0
I7
11 !aci ,a3r="aletS2< Tg=!acV7< TgPI7< Tg
i
G
<
9 : <.<7S97;R< I7<: I<
r s i
F w G G daN + +
7
S I<S7.BB
7.<B
1< S 1<<S<.R
i r
nec
F v
P kw

C&"l&l re,i!te#t *# "erioa+a +e +emarare !e calc&lea,a c& &rmtoarea rela/ie -
i
d
i
s
i
dem
M M M +
N MNm

&#+e -
i
s
M . c&"l&l !tatic re,i!te#t re+&! la ar'orele motor&l&i 0
N MNm
>
i
d
M . c&"l&l +i#amic ce a"are la ar'orele motor&l&i 0
N MNm
.
n
P
n
P P
M
i
nec
i
nec
i
nec i
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

&#+e -
i
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar $&#c/io#rii motor&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#ta 0
N Mw
>
n
. t&ra/ia #omi#al a motor&l&i
mi#N = Mrot
.
7<B<
K.1S R
71<
i
red
J . mome#t&l +e i#er/ie al *#treg&l&i !i!tem +e ac/io#are 0 N M
7
kgm .
i
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad

&#+e -
i
d
t . tim"&l +e +emarare al !ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
d
i
d
a
v
t
N Ms

&#+e -
d
a
. accelera/ie la +emarare 0
7
<.; =
d
a m s .
7.BB
1<
<.;
i
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S71<<
7B =
I<S I<S1
c
J
. mome#t&l +e i#er/ie al c&"la8&l&i 0 N M
7
kgm >
s
m
. ma!a "ro"rie a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
7;R<
s
m kg
>
i
m
. ma!a *#crct&rii 0
I7<
i
m kg
.
20
7
7
7
1 7.BB 1
S K1.1S9 :S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S97;R< I7<: S S
71<< <.R
<.271
i
red c s i
v
J J m m
n
kgm
_
+ + + +

,
S 7BS<.271 17
i i
d red
M J Nm
R 1; 7<
i i i
dem s d
M M M Nm + +
5aloarea ma?im a "&terii *# "erioa+a +e +emarare !e +etermi# c& rela/ia -
I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
i
dem
i
dem

N Mw

&#+e -
i
dem
M . c&"l&l re,i!te#t la +emarare 0
N MNm
-
7S S 7S S71<<
S 7<S 17;; 1.7;
I< I<
i i
dem dem
n
P M w kw

Calc&l&l c&"l&l&i +i#amic +atorat accelera/iei la $r6#are
S M N
i i
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S71<<
II =
I<S I<S2
f i
fr
n
rad s
t

7.BB
2
<.R
i
fr i
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
7.BB
S K1.1S9 :S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S97;R< I7<:S S<.R
71<<
<.7KR1
i
redf c s i
v
J J m m
n
kgm

_
+ + + +

,
IIS<.7KR1 7<M N
i
df
M Nm
21
R 7< 7R
i i i
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S71<<
S 7RS B;7I.II B.;7
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

Demararea &i deplasarea a motostivuitorului $#r# 'nc#rc#tur#

P&terea #ece!ar motor&l&i !e (a calc&la c& rela/ia -
S 1<
S
7
v F
P
r g
nec

N Mkw

&#+e -
r
F . $or/ele re,i!te#te la +e"la!are 0
N MdaN
>
v
. (ite,a +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N = M s m
>
T
. ra#+ame#t&l tra#!mi!iei 0
<.R
T

.
For/ele re,i!te#te la *#ai#tare !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia -
s r
G w F S
<
N MdaN
&#+e -
<
w
. re,i!te#/a !"eci$ic la *#ai#tare 0
<7 . <
<
w
>
s
G
. gre&tatea "ro"rie a moto!ti(&itor&l&i 0
N MdaN
>
<
S <.<7S7;R< 2R
r s
F w G daN
22
7
S 2RS;.I1
7.1I
1< S 1<<S<.R
g r
nec
F v
P kw

C&"l&l re,i!te#t *# "erioa+a +e +emarare !e calc&lea, c& &rmtoarea rela/ie -
g
d
g
s
g
dem
M M M +
N MNm

&#+e -
g
s
N MNm
>
g
d
N MNm
.
n
P
n
P P
M
g
nec
g
nec
g
nec g
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

&#+e -
g
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar $&#c/io#rii motor&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#t 0
N Mw
>
n
mi#N = Mrot
.
71I<
K.1S K
71<<
g
s
M Nm
g
red
g
d
J M S

N MNm
&#+e -

7
s rad >
g
red
7
kgm .
g
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad

&#+e -
23
g
d
t . tim"&l +e +emarare al !ti(&itor&l&i $r *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
d
g
d
a
v
t N Ms

&#+e -
d
a
. accelera/ia la +emarare 0
7
<.2 =
d
a m s .
;.I1
R
<.2
g
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S71<<
;; =
I<S I<SR
g
d
n
rad s
t

1
S S S 1 . K1 S
7
,
_
+
n
v
m J J
s c
g
red
N M
7
kgm

&#+e -
c
J
. mome#t&l +e i#er/ie al c&"la8&l&i 0
7
<.<7
c
J kgm >
s
m
. ma!a "ro"rie a moto!ti(&itor&l&i 0
7;R<
s
m kg
>
7
7 7
1 ;.I1 1
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S7;R<S S <.1B
71<< <.R
g
red c s
v
J J m kgm
n
_
+ +

,
S ;;S<.1B 1K
g g
d red
M J Nm
K 1K 7R
g g g
dem s d
M M M Nm + +

I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
g
dem
g
dem

N Mw

24
&#+e -
g
dem
N MNm
-

7S S 7S S71<<
S 7RS B;7B B.;7
I< I<
g g
dem dem
n
P M w kw

S M N
g g
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S71<<
1; =
I<S I<S1
f g
fr
n
rad s
t

;.I1
1
<.K
g
fr g
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
;.I1
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S7;R<S S<.R
71<<
<.;K27
i
redf c s
v
J J m
n
kgm

_
+ +

,
1;S<.;K27 71M N
g
df
M Nm
K 71 ;<
g g g
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S71<<
S ;<S BR1< B.R1
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

7.1.2. Calc&l&l e#ergiei co#!&mate "e#tr& e$ect&area
&#&i cicl& +e $&#c/io#are
25
Rela/ia +e calc&l &tili,at (a $i-
g i c
E E E +
N Mkwh
&#+e -
i
E
. e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& e$ect&area !emic&r!ei c& *#crct&ra 0
N Mkwh
>
g
E
. e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& e$ect&area !emic&r!ei $r *#crct&r 0
N Mkwh
.
( )
1
]
1
+
+
i
ct
i
nec
i
d
i
nec
i
dem
i
t P
t P P
E S
7
S
S
1< S I . ;
1
I

N Mkwh

&#+e -
i
dem
P . "&terea #ece!ar *# "erioa+a +e +emarare "e#tr& !emic&r!a c& *#crct&r 0
N Mw
>
i
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar +e"la!rii &tila8&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#t 0
N Mw
>
i
ct
t . tim"&l +e mer! c& (ite,a co#!ta#t "e#tr& !emic&r!a c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
%etermi#are tim"&l&i +e mer! c& (ite,a co#!ta#t
4o+&l +e calc&l e!te a!em#ator "e#tr& cele +o& ti"&ri +e !emic&r!e 0 *#crcat )i goal .
Se $olo!e)te &rmtoarea rela/ie +e calc&l -
v
D
t
ct i
ct

N Ms

&#+e -
ct
D
. +i!ta#/a "e care !e +e"la!ea, !ti(&itor&l c& (ite, co#!ta#t 0
N Mm
>
v
. (ite,a c& care !e +e"la!ea, !ti(&itor&l 0
N = M s m
.
( )
fr dem ct
D D d D +
N Mm
26
&#+e -
d . +i!ta#/a me+ie +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i 0 71 d m >
dem
D
. +i!ta#/a #ece!ar +emarrii !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N Mm
>
fr
D
. +i!ta#/a #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N Mm
.
7 7
S <.;S1<
11
7 7
i i
i d d
dem
a t
D m
7 7
S <.2SR
1;
7 7
g g
g d d
dem
a t
D m
7
S
7 i
fr
i
fr i
fr
t a
D

N Mm

&#+e -
i
fr
a
. accelera/ia la $r6#are c& *#crct&r 0
7
<.R =
i
fr
a m s
>
i
fr
t
. tim"&l #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itr&l&i c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
>
7
7
S
<.BS2
B
7 7
i i
fr fr i
fr
a t
D m
7
S
7 g
fr
g
fr g
fr
t a
D

N Mm

&#+e -
g
fr
a
. accelera/ia la $r6#are $r *#crct&r 0
7
<.K =
g
fr
a m s
>
g
fr
t
. tim"&l #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itr&l&i $r *#crct&r 0
N Ms
>

7
7
S
<.KS1
17
7 7
g g
fr fr g
fr
a t
D m
27
( )
71 911 B: ;
i i i
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
( )
71 91; 17: <
g g g
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
;
1
7.BB
i
i ct
ct
D
t s
v

E#ergia co#!&mat (a $i-
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
17;; 7<B< S1<
1
S 7<B<S1 <.<1<I
;.IS1< 7
i i i
dem nec d
i i
i nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
B;7B 71I< SR
1
S 7R<<S< <.<1<1
;.IS1< 7
g g g
dem nec d
g g
g nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
<.<1<I <.<1<1 <.<71 = .
c i g
E E E kwh cicl funct + +
7.1.1. Calc&l&l meca#i!m&l&l&i +e ri+icare
al moto!ti(&itor&l&i
Stare ( ) cu 'nc#rc#tur# *
Se a#ali,ea, $or/ele ce ac/io#ea, a!&"ra cr&cior&l&i "ort . $&rc -
W
H H

28
1 r c i
F G G T + + N MdaN
Fig.;. Sc3ema meca#i!m&l&i +e ri+icare
Ec&a/ia *# ra"ort c& ce#tr&l O al ro/ii e!te-
c i c
l G l G H S S S +

c
c c i
l G l G
H
S S +

N MdaN

c
c c i
o o r
l G l G
H F
S S
S S 7 S S 7
1
+

N MdaN

&#+e -
T . te#!i&#ea ce a"are *# la#/&rile +e care e!te "ri#! cr&cior&l "ort U $&rc >
c
G
. gre&tatea cr&cior&l&i "ort U $&rc 0
I<
c
G daN
>
i
G
. gre&tatea *#crct&rii 0
I7
29
W
0 H H . reac/i&#i >
l . +i!ta#/a +e la !&"ort&l $or/ei i
G
la a?a ??X 0 <.R l m >
c
l
. +i!ta#/a +e la !&"ort&l $or/ei c
G
la a?a ??X 0
<.11
c
l m
>
c
. +i!ta#/a *#tre "&#ctele +e co#tact ale ro/ilor cr&cior&l&i "ort.$&rc 0

<.2<
c

>
o
. coe$ie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0

<7 . <
o
Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, *# la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t *#tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .

A#tre te#!i&#ea T )i
0
T
e?i!t rela/ia -
a
T
T
0

N MdaN
.
a
. ra#+ame#t&l a#gre#a8&l&i +i#tre ro/i )i "la#&l "e care !e +e"la!ea, 0

<.R
a

.
Fig.2. Re"re,e#tarea te#!i&#ilor
,
_
+ +
a
!
T T T F
1
1 S
0
N MdaN

P&terea #ece!ar (a $i +etermi#at c& rela/ia -
7
S
1< S
! !
nec
T
F v
P

N Mkw

30
&#+e -
!
v
. (ite,a c& care !e +e"la!ea, ca"t&l ti8ei "i!to#&l&i 0 !e "oate e?"rima *# $&#c/ie +e
(ite,a +e *#crcare .

r
v . (ite,a +e ri+icare a *#crct&rii 0
<.I =
r
v m s
.
S S I7<S<.R I<S<.11
17I;
<.2
i c c
c
G l G l
H daN
+ +

1
7S S 7S<.<7S17I; 11
r o
F H daN
1
I7< I< 11 B;1
i c r
T G G F daN + + + +
1 1
S 1 B;1S 1 1I21
<.R
!
a
F T daN
_
_
+ +

,
,
<.I
<.; =
7 7
r
!
v
v m s
7
S
1I21S<.;
I.1I
1< S 1<<S<.R
! !
nec
T
F v
P kw

i
d
i
s
i
dem
M M M +

N MNm

n
P
n
P P
M
i
nec
i
nec
i
nec i
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

I1I<
K.1S 72
71<<
i
s
M Nm
i
red
i
d
J M S

N MNm

31
i
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad

d
i
d
a
v
t
N Ms

7
<.; =
d
a m s .
<.I
7
<.;
i
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S71<<
1;1 =
I<S I<S7
i
d
n
rad s
t

1
S S : 9 S 1 . K1 S
7
,
_
+ +
n
v
m m J J
i s c
i
red

N M
7
kgm

I<
c
m kg
>
I7<
i
m kg
.
7
7
7
1
S K1.1S9 : S9 : S
<.I 1
1.7S<.<7 K1.1S9I< I7<: S S <.<7R
71<< <.R
i
red c c i
v
J J m m
n
kgm
+ +
_
+ +

,
S 1;1S<.<7R 2
i i
d red
M J Nm
72 2 7R
i i i
dem s d
M M M Nm + +
I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
i
dem
i
dem

N Mw

7S S 7S S71<<
S 7RS B;7B B.;7
I< I<
i i
dem dem
n
P M w kw

32
S M N
i i
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S71<<
7I7 =
I<S I<S1
f i
fr
n
rad s
t

<.I
1
<.R
i
fr i
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
<.I
S K1.1S9 :S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S9I< I7<:S S<.R
71<<
<.<;<
i
redf c c i
v
J J m m
n
kgm

_
+ + + +

,
7I7S<.<;< R
i
df
M Nm
72 R ;7
i i i
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S71<<
S ;7S R;B;.;; R.;B
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

Stare ( ) $#r# 'nc#rc#tur# *
S S <S<.R I<S<.11
7;
<.2
i c c
c
G l G l
H daN
+ +

1
7S S 7S7;S<.<7 1
r o
F H daN
1
< I< 1 I1
i c r
T G G F daN + + + +
1 1
S 1 I1S 1 1;R
<.R
!
a
F T daN
_
_
+ +

,
,
<.I7
<.;1 =
7 7
r
!
v
v m s
33
7
S
1;RS<.;1
<.1;2
1< S 1<<S<.R
! !
nec
T
F v
P kw

n
P
n
P P
M
g
nec
g
nec
g
nec g
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

1;2
K.1S 7
71<<
g
s
M Nm
7
<.2 =
d
a m s .
<.I7
7
<.2
g
d
d
v
t s
a

7
= 1;1
7 S I<
71<< S S 7
S I<
S S 7
s rad
t
n
g
d

1.7 >
<
c
J
>
<.<7
R
J
I<
s
m kg
>
7
7 7
1 <.I7 1
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1SI<S S <.<72
71<< <.R
g
red c s
v
J J m kgm
n
_
+ +

,
S 1;1S<.<72 2
g g
d red
M J Nm
Nm M M M
g
d
g
s
g
dem
I 2 7 + +

kw w
n
M P
g
dem
g
dem
1B1 . 1 11B1
I<
71<< S S 7
S I
I<
S S 7
S

34
S M N
g g
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S71<<
7I7 =
I<S I<S1
f g
fr
n
rad s
t

<.I7
1
<.K
g
fr g
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
<.I7
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1SI<S S<.R
71<<
<.<721
i
redf c c
v
J J m
n
kgm

_
+ +

,
7I7S<.<721 BM N
g
df
M Nm
7 B K
g g g
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S71<<
S KS 7;11 7.;1
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

7 7
S <.;S7
<.I
7 7
i i
i d d
dem
a t
D m
7 7
S <.2S7
<.R
7 7
g g
g d d
dem
a t
D m
7
7
S
<.RS1
<.2
7 7
i i
fr fr i
fr
a t
D m
7
7
S
<.KS1
<.21
7 7
g g
fr fr g
fr
a t
D m
( )
7.1 9<.I <.2: 1.1
i i i
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
( )
7.1 9<.R <.21: 1.71
g g g
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
35
1.1
;
<.I
i
i ct
ct
D
t s
v

1.71
7
<.I7
g
g ct
ct
D
t s
v


( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
B;7B I1I< S7
1
S I1I<S; <.<<R
;.IS1< 7
i i i
dem nec d
i i
i nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
11B1 1;2 S7
1
S 1;2S7 <.<<<R
;.IS1< 7
g g g
dem nec d
g g
g nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
<.<<R <.<<<R <.<<RR = .
c i g
7.7. Calc&l&l tra#!"ortor&l&i elicoi+al
Caracteri!tici te3#ice ale tra#!"ortoarelor elicoi+ale
Tra#!"ortoarele elicoi+ale !&#t &tili,ate "e#tr& tra#!"ort&l materialelor *# (rac.
Tra#!"ortoarele elicoi+ale mai !&#t #&mite )i tra#!"ortoare c& melc !a& )#ec&ri . Ele !&#t
$olo!ite la tra#!"ort&l materiei "rime !a& a "ro+&!elor $i#ite !ec&#+are . I#!tala/iile +e ace!t $el
36
!&#t $oarte !im"le +i# "&#ct +e (e+ere co#!tr&cti(e )i !e remarc "ri# $ia'ilitate ri+icat 0
*#tre/i#ere &)oara )i "&/i# co!ti!itoare .
%e,a(a#ta8&l i#!tala/iei cel mai mare e!te co#!&m&l ri+icat +e e#ergie . Tra#!"ortor&l
elicoi+al a!ig&ra o "ro+&cti(itate !c,&t )i o +i!ta#/a relati( mic +e tra#!"ort .
La. S.C.ZAHR CORAIA S.A. !e &tili,ea, tra#!"ortoare c& melc T4YR<< a(6#+
+iametr&l e?terior al elicei melc&l&i +e R<< mm .
Caracteri!tici te3#ice-
Ti"&l tra#!"ortor&l&i
Sem#i$ica/ia
Sim'ol U#itate
+e
m!&r
T4YR<<
%iametr&l e?terior % mm R<<
%i!ta#/a ma?im +e tra#!"ort L m 7I.1
Pa!&l melc&l&i P mm 1<<
T&ra/ia ar'orel&i melc&l&i # rot=mi# I1
Coe$icie#t&l +e &m"lere a t&'&l&i Z . <.;
P&terea #omi#al a motor&l&i P
#
TJ 1.1 1.1
7.7.1. Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a tra#!"ortor&l&i
elicoi+al
Pro+&cti(itatea orar a tra#!"ortor&l&i elicoi+al !e (a calc&la c& rela/ia -

v " # S S I . ;

[ ] h t =

&#+e -
37
[ U gre&tatea re"arti,at a material&l&i tra#!"ortat [ ] = daN m
>
( U (ite,a +e +e"la!are +e.a l&#g&l t&'&l&i [ ] = m s
>
M s
$ " S S ;
1< = daN m 1
]

&#+e -
A
!
U aria !ec/i&#ii tra#!(er!ale a t&'&l&i +e tra#!"ort [ ]
7
m >
U coe$icie#t +e &m"lere a !ec/i&#ii t&'&l&i +e ctre material&l tra#!"ortat

<.;
>
M
. gre&tatea (ol&metric a material&l&i tra#!"ortat
;
= daN m 1
]
0
;
1<< =
M
daN m >
% U +iametr&l e?terior al elicei
[ ] m
0 <.R D m >
5ite,a +e +e"la!are a material&l&i *# t&'&l +e tra#!"ort !e (a calc&la *# $&#c/ie +e "a!&l )i
t&ra/ia melc&l&i c& rela/ia -
I<
Sn !
v
1
]
1
s
m

&#+e -
" U "a!&l melc&l&i
[ ] m
"P<.1m>
# U t&ra/ia melc&l&i
[ ] mi# = rot
#PI1rot=mi#.
<.1SI1
<.1 =
I<
v m s
7 7
S<.R
S S S S S1<<S<.; B1.;I =
2 2
s M M
D
" $ daN m

;.IS S ;.ISB1.;IS<.1 1;1.I 1;I = # " v t h
38
7.7.7. Calc&l&l $or/ei re,i!te#te care a"are la
+e"la!area material&l&i "ri# t&'
Se +etermi# c& rela/ia -
!i# S S co! S S S
<
% " % " & F
R
t
N MdaN
&#+e-
<
w
. coe$icie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la *#ai#tare 0
7 . 1
<
w
>
% . l&#gimea +e tra#!"ort 0 7I.1 % m >
. &#g3i&l +e *#cli#are 0 < .

<
S S Sco! S S!i# 1.7SB1.;IS7I.1S1 B1.;IS7I.1S< 7;KB
R
F w " % " % t t N MdaN
7.7.;. Calc&l&l "&terii motor&l&i #ece!ar
a#tre#rii melc&l&i

P&terea #ece!ar -
39

T
R
D nec
v F
k P

7
1<
MT@N
D
k
Pcoe$icie#t care /i#e !eama +e re,er(a +e "&tere #ece!ar la "or#irea tra#!"ortor&l&i c&
t&'&l *#crcat c& material
D
k
P1.7>
v
P(ite,a +e +e"la!are a material&l&i i# t&'&l +e tra#!"ort>
T
Pra#+ame#t&l gr&"&l&i +e ac/io#are

T
P<0R>
7
7;KB <.1
1.7 1R
1< <.R
nec
P kw
7.;. Calc&l&l tra#!"ortor&l&i c& 'a#+

Re"re,i#t ma)i#ile c& ac/i&#e c& cea mai mare r!"*#+ire0+atorit "o!i'ilit/ilor m&lti"le +e
&tili,are a ace!tor ma)i#i0*# "roce!ele +e *#crcare.+e!crcare )i +e tra#!"ort i#ter# a mr$&rilor.
S&#t $olo!ite la tra#!"ort&l materialelor i# (rac la +i!ta#/e +e ca/i(a metri "6# la !&te +e
metri c& "ro+&cti(itti orare +e la c6te(a t=3 "6#a la !&te +e t=3.
7.;.1.Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a tra#!"ortor&l&i c&
'a#+
Pro+&cti(itatea orar a tra#!"ortor&l&i c& 'a#+ !e (a calc&la c& rela/ia -

v " # S S I . ;

[ ] h t =

40

k $ "
M '

M+aN=mN
&#+e-
A
S
U aria #ece!ar a !ec/i&#ii tra#!(er!ale "ri# coloa#a +e material tra#!"ortat>
k
coe$icie#t ce /i#e !eama +e re+&cerea !ec/i&#ii coloa#ei +e material +atorit trecerii
material&l&i "e !&"ra$e/ele i#cli#ate
k
P1>
[ U gre&tatea re"arti,at a material&l&i M+aN=mN
M
gre&tatea (ol&metric a material&l&i M+aN=m
;
N
A
!
!e alege i# $&#ctie +e l/imea 'e#,ii +e tra#!"ort 0+e &#g3i&l +e tal&, +i#amic al material&l&i
+e "e 'a#+
D
!i +e ti"&l +e !&"or/i c& role.

Tra#!"ortoarele c& 'a#+ $olo!ite a& 'a#+ "lat c& l/imea 'e#,ii +e tra#!"ort +e 1<< mm.
P1<<mm>
D
P1<
<
>
A
!
P<0<<2Bm
7
Gre&tatea re"arti,at a material&l&i (a $i-

<.<<2BSI<<S1 7.R7 = " daN m

v " # S S I . ;

[ ] h t =
&#+e-
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are a 'e#,ii Mm=!N
v
P1.7m=!>
Pro+&cti(itatea orar (a $i
;.IS7.R7S1.7 17.1R 1; = # t h

Gre&tatea re"arti,at a 'e#,ii !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia-
41

1 7
101S 9 10 IS :M = N
(
" ( s i s daN m + +

&#+e-
.l/imea 'e#,ii +e tra#!"ort MmmN P1<<mm>
i.#&mr&l +e !trat&ri +e i#!er/ie iP2>
!
1
U gro!imea !trat&l&i +e ca&ci&c *# ra"ort c& $a/a 'e#,ii care !e rea,m "e !&"ort&rile c& role
MmmN> !
1
P7mm
!
7
U gro!imea !trat&l&i +e ca&ci&c m!&rat *# ra"ort c& $a/a 'e#,ii "e care !e a)ea, material&l
tra#!"ortat MmmN> !
7
P 2 mm
10I. gro!imea me+ie a &#&i !trat +e i#!er/ie
101S<0 197 10 IS2 2: I.R7 =
(
" daN m + +

Gre&tatea re"arti,at a rolelor
Se +etermi# gre&tatea "r/ii rotati(e a rolelor c& rela/ia-

1< ;M N
R
G ( daN +

&#+e-
.l/imea 'e#,ii +e tra#!"ort MmN
1< <0 1 ; R
R
G daN +

Gre&tatea re"arti,at "e ram&ra +e!crcat (a $i -
1
1
R
11.27 =
<.B
R
r
r
G
" daN m
l

&#+e-
1 r
l
Pi#ter(al&l +i#tre rolele +e re,emareale ram&rii *#crcate
1
<.B >
r
l m
42
Gre&tatea re"arti,at "e ram&ra *#crcat (a $i -

1
7
7
11.27
R.11 =
1.2
r
r
r
"
" daN m
l

&#+e-
7 r
l
P i#ter(al&l +i#tre rolele +e re,emareale ram&rii goale
7
1.2 >
r
l m
7.;.7. Calc&l&l te#!i&#ilor +i# 'a#+a tra#!"ortor&l&i
desf
T T
1
7 1 1 7 7
9 : <0 <2S9I.R7 R.11: S7< 11.KB
desf ( r desf desf
T T F T w " " % T T
+ + + + + +

; i#$ 7
9 1: 91 <.<I:9 11.KB: 1.<IS 17.IK
desf desf
T k T T T + + + +

2 ; ; 2 1
91.<I 17.IK: 9 : S
R desf ( r
T T F T w " " %
+ + + +

1.<IS 17.IK <.<2S9I.R7 11.27: S7<
desf
T + + + 10 <I 7B.7R7
desf
T +

i#$ 2
T T
%i# ec&a/ia l&i E&ler-

e T T )
desf i#$ i#$

101S910 <I 7B.7R7: S7.R2K
desf desf
T T +

1.1IS ;<.<1 S7.R2K
desf desf
T T +

desf
T
P1B0BI

1
1B.BI T daN

7
1B.BI 11.KB ;< T daN +

;
1.<IS1B.BI 17.IK ;7 T daN +

43
2
1.<IS1B.BI 7B.7R7 2I T daN +

i#$
2I.1 T daN

Se +etermi# "&terea motor&l&i "e#tr& a#tre#area 'e#,ii
2 1
2I 1R 7R
T
F T T
+aN
T
T D
nec
v F k
P

7
1<
7
10 7 7R 10 7
1< <0R

P<01<2 T@
T
%
!e i#tro+&ce +atorit $a"t&l&i c motor&l +emarea, c& 'a#+a *#crcat c& material.

7.2. Calc&l&l tra#!"ortor&l&i c& raclete
Caracteri!tici te3#ice ale tra#!"ortator&l&i c& raclete
Tra#!"ortoarele c& raclete re"re,i#t o categorie im"orta#t +e ma)i#i +e tra#!"ortat c&
ac/i&#e co#ti#& 0 c& !i!tem +e trac/i&#e $le?i'il 0 reali,at +i# &#&l !a& +o& la#/&ri 0 *# circ&it
*#c3i! .
Pe la#/&ri !&#t "ri#!e 0 +i# loc *# loc 0 raclete 0 co#$ec/io#ate +i# ta'la +e o/el .
Si!tem&l "&rttor e!te $i? )i !e reali,ea, !&' $orma &#&i 8g3ea' +i# o/el c& !ec/i&#e
+re"t&#g3i&lar 0 !emicirc&lar !a& "oligo#al .
Pri#ci"i&l +e $&#ctio#are co#!t *# +e"la!area orga#&l&i +e tra#!"ort "e $&#+&l &#&i
8g3ea' *#c3i!. Ram&ra *#crcat a orga#&l&i a orga#&l&i +e tra#!"ort e!te !c&$&#+at *# material 0
iar cea li'era e!te +ea!&"ra material&l&i +e"la!6#+&.!e "e role +e !&!/i#ere .
O+ata c& orga#&l +e tra#!"ort !e mi)ca i#treaga ca#titate +e material ce !e a$l +ea!&"ra l&i .
44
Ti"&l tra#!"ortor&l&i
Sem#i$ica/ia
Sim'ol U#itate +e
m!&r
TL.7<<
4a!a (ol&metric a material&l&i \
m
Gg=m
;
1<<
L&#gimea total a tra#!"ortor&l&i L m 1K
L/imea 8g3ea'&l&i mm 7<<
A#al/ime 8g3ea'&l&i 3 mm ;17
Pa!&l orga#&l&i +e tra#!"ort " mm I<<
Ti"&l orga#&l&i +e tra#!"ort
.
. la#t c& ecli!e
5ite,a +e +e"la!are a orga#&l&i
+e tra#!"ort
( m=! <.; <.I
7.2.1.Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a tra#!"ortor&l&i c&
raclete
Pro+&cti(itatea orar a tra#!"ortor&l&i c& raclete !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia-
;.IS S S
m
e
# v
!
N = M h t

45
e. (ol&m&l +e material *#tre +o& raclete !&cce!i(e Mm
;
N>
;
S S S M N
* *
e ( h ! m

8
.l/imea 8g3ea'&l&i MmN
8
P<07m>
3
8
.*#l/imea 8g3ea'&l&i MmN 3
8
P<0;17 m>
Z. coe$icie#t +e &m"lere a !ec/i&#ii 8g3ea'&l&i ZP<.B>
\
m
.gre&tatea (ol&metric a material&l&i tra#!"ortat M+aN=m
;
N \
m
P1<< +aN=m
;
>
(.(ite,a +e +e"la!are a !i!tem&l&i +e trac/i&#e Mm=!N (P<01m=!>
".+i!ta#/a *#tre +o& raclete MmN "P<0Im>
;
<.7S<.;17S<.BS<.I <.<7I7 e m
Pro+&cti(itatea orar (a $i-
;.IS S S
m
e
# v
!

N = M h t

<.<7I7
;.IS S1<<S<.1 ;K.; 2< =
<.I
# t h

7.2.7. %etermi#area "&terii motor&l&i +e a#tre#are
Pe#tr& a calc&la "&terea #ece!ar ac/io#rii ma)i#ii "or#im +e la rela/ia-
2<
;B.<; ;R =
;.IS ;.IS<.;
#
" daN m
v

&#+e-
[.gre&tatea re"arti,at a material&l&i M+aN=mN>
46
(.(ite,a +e tra#!"ort Mm=!N >
For/a +e trac/i&#e total !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia-
9 S co! !i# :M N
t
F " w % % daN t

&#+e-
J.re,i!te#/a !"eci$ic total0 JP<.K>
L.l&#gimea total a tra#!"ortor&l&i MmN LP1Km>
.&#g3i&l +e *#cli#are0 $at +e ori,o#tal0 al tra!e&l&i "e care !e +e"la!ea, material&l P< >
;R9<.KS1KS1: I1<
t
F daN

P&terea #ece!ar ac/io#rii ma)i#ii (a $i-
7
S
M N
1< S
t
nec
T
F v
P kw

&#+e-
.ra#+ame#t&l tra#!mi!iei0 P<.R>
7
S I1<S<.1
2.<I
1< S 1<<S<.R
t
nec
T
F v
P kw

7.1. Calc&l&l ele(ator&l&i c& c&"e
Caracteri!tici te3#ice "ri#ci"ale
ale ele(ator&l&i
47
Ele(atoarele c& c&"e !&#t ma)i#i +e tra#!"ortat c& ac/i&#e co#ti#& ce "ot +e"la!a
materiale *# (rac "e +irec/ie (ertical !a& "e +irec/ii *#cli#ate c& &#g3i&ri mari $a/ +e
ori,o#tal . %i!ta#/a ma?im +e tra#!"ort e!te +e 1< m .
Si!tem&l "&rtator "e#tr& material&l tra#!"ortat *# ca,&l +e $a/a e co#!tit&it +i#tr.o !erie +e
c&"e reali,ate +i# ta'la +e o/el . For/a +e trac/i&#e !e tra#!mite materialelor tra#!"ortate "ri#
i#terme+i&l &#ei 'e#,i ela!tice +e ca&ci&c c& i#!ertii +e $i'ra te?til .
C&"ele !e "ri#+ +e !i!tem&l +e trac/i&#e "ri# i#terme+i&l &#or )&r&'&ri !a& agra$e +e o/el
+e $orm !"ecial .
Tra#!"ort&l materialelor c& a8&tor&l ele(ator&l&i c& c&"e c&"ri#+e &rmtoarele $a,e -
. &m"lerea c&"elor c& material&l tra#!"ortat >
+e"la!area c&"elor *#carcate 0 "e (ertical 9 !a& "e +irec/ii a"ro"iate +e (ertical : 0 "6# la
"&#ct&al $i#al >
. +e!carcarea 9 golirea :c&"elor )i e(ac&area material&l&i +i# ele(ator .
A#carcarea c&"elor re"re,i#t o (erig im"orta#ta *# $&#c/io#area ma)i#ii +eoarece 0 +e
acea!ta +e"i#+e "ro+&cti(itatea +e e?"loatare a i#!tala/iei . E$icie#/a ace!tor $a,e !e a"reciea,
c& a8&tor&l &#&i coe$icie#t Z0 +e &m"lere care *# ca,&l e(ac&arii material&l&i +e"i#+e +e t&ra/ia
tam'&r&l&i +e a#tre#are 0 +e ca#titatea +e material ac&m&lat *# "icior&l ele(ator&l&i .
A# ge#eral ele(atoarele c& c&"e #ece!it &# !i!tem +e alime#tare care ! a!ig&re &# +e'it
co#!ta#t +e material 0 ce "oate $i o alta ma)i#a c& ac/i&#e co#ti#& 0 tra#!"ortor c& la#/ !a&
tra#!"ortor elicoi+al .
Um"lerea c&"elor *# ca,&l +e $a/ !e $ace "ri# e!ca(area +irecta a material&l&i +i#
"icior&l ele(ator&l&i .
Golirea c&"elor !e "oate $ace $ie ce#tri$&gal $ie gra(ita/io#al .
48
Ti"&l e(ator&l&i
Sem#i$ica/ia
Sim'ol U#itate
+e
m!&r
EL.7<<
%e'it&l ma?im H
m
t=3 11
4o+&l +e +e!crcare . . gra(ita/io#al
5ite,a +e tra#!"ort ( m=! <0R
Ti"&l c&"elor . . a+6#ci
Pa!&l c&"elor " mm 2<<
Ca"acitatea c&"elor c +m
;
2.71
A#l/imea ma?im 3
m
mm HV1I1<
P&terea #omi#al P
#
TJ 2
101
7.1.1.Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a ele(ator&l&i c& c&"e
Pro+&cti(itatea orar a ele(ator&l&i c& c&"e !e +etermi# c& rela/ia -
v " # S S I . ;
N = M h t
&#+e-
[ U gre&tatea material&l&i "e metr&l li#iar +e tra#!"ortor
N = M m daN
>
( U (ite,a +e +e"la!are a !i!tem&l&i +e tra#c/i&#e 0 ;.1 = v m s >
Gre&tatea material&l&i "e metr&l li#iar +e tra#!"ortor !e calc&lea, c& $orm&la -
49
;
1<
S S S
m
" c
!

N = M m daN

c U ca"acitatea &#ei c&"e 0
;
M N dm cP2.71+m
;
>
" U "a!&l c&"elor 0 +i!ta#/a +i#tre +o& c&"e !&cce!!i(e M N m
"P<.2m
>
m
. +e#!itatea material&l&i *# (rac

;
M = N kg m 0
;
= B . < m kg >
. coe$icie#t&l +e &m"lere a c&"elor

<.1
>

;
1<
S2.71S<.1S<.B ;.B1 =
<.2
" daN m

Pro+&cti(itatea orar (a $i -

;.IS;.B1S;.1 2I.B2 2B = # t h

7.1.7. Calc&l&l $or/ei re,i!te#te la &m"lere
For/a re,i!te#/a la &m"lere a c&"elor !e +etermi# co#$orm rela/iei -
" F
Ru
S
N MdaN
&#+e -
. l&cr&l meca#ic !"eci$ic "e#tr& &m"lerea c&"ei

N = M I 7 daN daNm
09aleg
2 = daNm daN
:>
[ U gre&tatea material&l&i "e metr&l li#iar +e tra#!"ortor ;.B1 = daN m>
S 2S;.B1 12.R2
Ru
F " daN

50
7.1.;. Calc&l&l "&terii #ece!are meca#i!m&l&i
+e ac/io#are a la#/&l&i
For/ele +i# orga#&l +e trac/i&#e
Fig. 7.1.Co#t&r&l la#/&l&i ele(ator&l&i c& c&"e
desf
T T
1
1R< 7<<M N daN
"e#tr& orga#&l +e trac/i&#e co!tit&it +i# la#/ >
7 i#$ 1 1 7
S M N
R
T k T F daN
+
>

; 7
M N
Ru
T T F daN +
>
N M
S
1 2
daN e T cT

&#+e -
2 ; 7 1
0 0 0 T T T T
. te#!i&#ile *# "&#ctele 10 7 0 ;0 2 >
i#$
k . coe$icie#t&l +e trecere al la#/&l&i "e!te tam'&r&l +e g3i+are 0 <1 . 1
i#$
k >
51
c
. coe$icie#t&l +e !ig&ra#/ 0 11 . 1 c >
. coe$icie#t&l +e $recare la#/ U material 0

7 . <
>
. &#g3i&l +e *#$a)&rare al la#/&l&i "e tam'&r 0

<
1R< >
Ru
F
. $or/a re,i!te#t la &m"lere a c&"elor >
7 1 r
F . $or/a re,i!te#t "e ram&ra 1.7 )i !e calc&lea, c& $orm&la -
N M S S
1 7 1
daN H " F
T r

i# care-
1
. coe$icie#t ce /i#e !eama +e $recarea +i#tre la#/ )i ram&ra +e!carcat
1 . <
>
T
" . gre&tatea orga#&l&i $le?i'il >
H . *#l/imea ele(ator&l&i 0 71 H m .
N = M S m daN # k "
T T
*# care-
#
. "ro+&cti(itatea orar +e e?"loatare a &tila8&l&i >
T
k . coe$icie#tce /i#e !eama +e re,i!te#/a la +e"la!area !i!tem&l&i +e trac/i&#e +e c&
(alori c&"ri#!e *#tre R . < ; . < 9 aleg
<.I
T
k
: >
S <.IS2B 7R.7 =
T T
" k # daN m
1 7 1
S S <.1S7R.7S71 1K.77
r T
F " H daN

1
1R<
desf
T T daN

7 i#$ 1 1 7
S 1.<1S1R< 1K.77 72R.77 72K
R
T k T F daN
+ +
>
; 7
72R.77 12.R2 7I;
Ru
T T F daN + +
>
S
2 1 2 2
1.11 1R<S1.R1 7RK.1I 7K< cT Te T T daN

Pe#tr& a calc&la "&terea motor&l&i #ece!ar a#tre#rii !e $olo!e)te rela/ia -
52
T
R
nec
v F
P
S 1<
S
7
N Mkw

&#+e -
R
F . $or/a re,i!te#t la r&"ere 0
N MdaN
>
i#$
7K< 1R< 11<
R desf
F T T daN
7 7
S 11<S;.1 1I2
2.R1
1< S 1< S<.R R<
R
nec
T
F v
P kw

7.I. Ca"acit/i +e +e"o,itare
S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A +i!"&#e +e !"a/ii +e +e"o,itare !"ecial ame#a8ate "e#tr& materia
"rim !i materialele a&?iliare )i "ro+&!ele $i#ite-
.!$ecla +e ,a3r . 17<<< t>
.calcar.coc! . 2<<<< t >
."c&r U I1<< t>
.!"a/ii +e +e"o,itare ,a3r (rac *# ; cel&le !ilo, a c6te 11<<< t $iecare ]21<<<t
.&# +e"o,it aco"erit "e#tr& o ca"acitate +e +e"o,itare a ,a3r&l&i 'r&t+i# im"ort +e 12<<< t
ec3i"at core!"&#,ator c& mi8loace meca#ice +e +e!crcare )i ma#i"&lare.

53
CAPITOLUL III
CHELTUIELI CU SISTE4UL %E TRANSPORT
54
U# !i!tem +e tra#!"ort i#ter# !i +e"o,itare care !ati!$ace ceri#/ele +i# "&#ct +e (e+ere
te3#ic #& e!te !&$icie#t +ac "e#tr& reali,area ace!tora #ece!it c3elt&ieli $oarte mari c&
*#tre/i#erea )i e?"loatarea.
Se ca&ta &# com"romi! *#tre +otarea te3#ic )i c3elt&ielile c& *#tre/i#erea )i e?"loatarea
!i!tem&l&i .
C3elt&ielile c& *#tre/i#erea )i e?"loatarea !i!tem&l&i !e *m"art *# -
c3elt&ieli $i?e ce #& +e"i#+ +e gra+&l +e $olo!ire al &tila8&l&i c&m ar $i c3elt&ielile c&
amorti!me#t&l ma)i#ilor >
c3elt&ielile (aria'ile ce +e"i#+ +e gra+&l +e $olo!ire al &tila8&l&i "rec&m )i c3elt&ieli c&
re"ara/iile 0 c3elt&ieli c& e#ergia co#!&mat 0 c3elt&ieli c& !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i .
.
;.1. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i
m&#citor
La S.C. ZAHR CORAIA S.A. !e l&crea, *# ; !c3im'&ri +e t&r +e R ore0 $iecare ec3i"
a(6#+ &rmtoarea com"o#e#/ (
55
Pro$e!ia l&crtor&l&i N&mr&l +e l&crtori
"e t&r
Salari&l me+i& l&#ar
"e#tr& &# l&crtor MRONN
meca#ic R I7<
electromeca#ic 1 B<<
electricia# R B1<
!&+or ; R<<
co#+&ctor moto!ti(&itor 7 B<<
ma#i"&la#t ; 11<
C3elt&ielile c& !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i m&#citor *# +ec&r!&l &#&i a# !e (or calc&la c& rela/ia -
1
17S S S
i
PM i i
n
C n s

N = M an R+N

&#+e -
i
n
. #&mr&l+e l&crtori>
i
s
. !alari&l me+i& l&#ar "e#tr& $iecare "ro$e!ie .
.coe$icie#t care /i#e !eama +e c3elt&ielile !&"lime#tare c& !alari,area-!a#atate0 acci+e#te )i
'oli "ro$e!io#ale0co#ce+ii etc. P102.
C3elt&ielile legate +e !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i *# +ec&r!&l &#&i a#
17972SI7< 11SB<< 72SB1< KSR<< ISB<<< KS11<:S1.2 BRR2;I = C R+N an
PM
+ + + + +

;.7. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& e#ergia co#!&mat
56
+e motoarele ma)i#ilor )i &tila8elor +e ri+icat !i tra#!"ortat
Se +etermi# c& $orm&la -

1
1
S S S S M = N
n
i
EE e i i !
i
i
C c P t k R+N an

&#+e-
c
e
."re/&l &#&i TJ3 e#ergie electric MRON=TJ3N>
#.#&mr&l motoarelor electrice i#!talate>
P
i
."&terile #omi#ale ale ace!tor motoare MTJN>
t
i
.#&mr&l a#&al +e ore +e $&#c/io#are ale $iecr&i motor More=a#N>
i
!
k
.coe$icie#t +e $olo!ire a a "&terii i#!talate
i nec
!
N
P
k
P
>
i
.ra#+ame#t&l me+i& al motoarelor electrice

<.R
i

>
E?i!t &rmator&l #&mr +e &tila8e +e tra#!"ort co#ti#&& -
.K tra#!"ortoare elicoi+ale>
.1B tra#!"ortoare c& 'a#+>
.7 tra#!"ortoare c& raclete>
.1< ele(atoare>
Re,&lt ;R +e motoare electrice.
P&terile #omi#ale ale motoarelor !&#t-
.tra#!"ortor elicoi+al P
N
P77TJ>
57
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+ P
N
P101TJ>
.tra#!"ortoare c& raclete P
N
PB TJ>
.ele(ator c& c&"e P
N
P101 TJ>
Coe$icie#t&l +e $olo!ire a a "&terii i#!talate "e#tr& $iecare &tila8>
.tra#!"ortor elicoi+al
1R
<.R
77
i
!
k >
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+
<.1<2
<.21R
1.1
i
!
k >
.tra#!"ortoare c& raclete
2.
.ele(ator c& c&"e
2.R1
<.RB
1.1
i
!
k >
A#tre"ri#+erea $&#c/io#ea,a *# me+ie 11< ,ile=a# iar acti(itatea e!te co#ti#& a!ig&rat +e trei
!c3im'&ri.
Perioa+a +e i#acti(itate e!te +ata $ie +e li"!a materii "rime 0 $ie +e re"ara/ii ale ma)i#ilor c&
ac/i&#e co#ti#& .

11<S72 ;I<< =
i
t ore an
C3elt&ielile c& e#ergia co#!&mat +e motoarele i#!tala/iilor0ma)i#ilor )i &tila8elor +e ri+icat !i
tra#!"ortat (or $i-
1 1
<.IBIS9KS77S;I<<S<.RS 1BS1.1S;I<<S<.21S
<.R <.R
1 1
7SBS;I<<S<.1RS 1<S1.1S;I<<S<.RBS : IBBB11.KB =
<.R <.R
EE
C
ron an
+ +
+ +
;.;. C3elt&ieli c& e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& il&mi#area
58
"&#ctelor +e l&cr&
Se +etermi# c& $orm&la-
;
1
1< S S S
!
E, * * * e
*
C $ t c

N = M an R+N

&#+e-
*
.co#!&m&l #ormat +e e#ergie electric "e#tr& il&mi#area &#&i m

7
MJ=m
7
N

*
PR J=m
7
>
*
$
.mrimea0*# m
7
0a !&"ra$e/elor il&mi#ate>
*
t
.#&mr&l a#&al +e ore +e il&mi#are "e#tr& $iecare ti" +e !&"ra$a/ More=a#N>
%e"o,it&l "e#tr& !acii +e ,a3r are &rmatoarele mrimi-
.l&#gimea +e"o,it&l&i LP;7 m>
.l/imea +e"o,it&l&i lP1I m>
A
1
PLSl Mm
7
N>
A
1
P;7S1IP117 m
7
>
T&r#&l +e *#!c&ire are &rmatoarele mrimi-
.l&#gimea t&r#&l&i LPK m>
.l/imea t&r#&l&i lPB m>
A
7
PLSl Mm
7
N>
A
7
P;7S1IPI; m
7
>
P&#ctele +e l&cr& !&#t il&mi#ate 17 ore "e ,i tim" +e 7<< +e ,ile "e a#.
59
t
1
Pt
7
P17S7<<P72<< 3=a#
C3elt&ieli c& e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& il&mi#area "&#ctelor +e l&cr& (a $i-
;
1< S9RS117S72<< RSI;S72<<: S<.IBI B2I;.<2 =
E,
C R+N an
+
;.2. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& com'&!ti'il&l
co#!&mat +e moto!ti(&itoare
C3elt&ielile "e#tr& car'&ra#t&l co#!&mat +e motoarele c& ar+ere i#ter# !e +etermi# c& rela/ia-
1
S S S S
n
i
c c i i ! i
i
C c P t k

N = M an R+N

&#+e-
c
c
.co!t&l car'&ra#t&l&i co#!&mat
M = N R+N l
c
c
P202
M = N R+N l
>
i
P
."&terile #omi#ale ale motoarelor i#!talate "e ma)i#i
M N kw
>
t
i
.#&mr&l a#&al +e ore +e $&#c/io#are ale $iecr&i motor M3=a#N>
t
i
P1<3=,iS7<<,ile=a#P7<<< 3=a#

i
!
k
i nec
!
N
P
k
P
>

i
.co#!&m&l !"eci$ic +e car'&ra#t

M = N l kwh <.;1 =
i
l kwh
>
P&terile motor&l&i !&#t-
."&terea #ece!ar
7.
60
."&terea #omi#al
;7
N
P kw
>
Coe$icie#t +e $olo!ire a a "&terii i#!talate (a $i-

7.<B
<.<I
;7
i
!
k
C3elt&ielile "e#tr& car'&ra#t&l co#!&mat +e motoarele c& ar+ere i#ter# (or $i-

C3elt&ielile totale c& e#ergia co#!&mat (or $i-
M = N
E EE E, c
C C C C R+N an + +

IBBB11.KB B2I;.<2 11R7B.7 IKB<<7.71 =
E
C R+N an + +

;.1. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& amorti,area
i#!tala/iilor +e tra#!"ort co#ti#&&
C3elt&ielile a#&ale +e amorti,area i#(e!ti/iei !e (or calc&la c& rela/ia -
<.<1S S
$M i i
C - a

N = M an R+N

k
-
. (aloarea &tila8&l&i la ac3i,i/ie
. tra#!"ortor elicoi+al -
22<<<
e
- R+N
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+-
71<<<
e
- R+N
.tra#!"ortor c& raclete-
;IB<<
e
- R+N
61
. ele(ator c& c&"e -
;K<<<
Ec
- R+N

a
. (aloarea cotei a#&ale +e amorti,are e!te-
. tra#!"ortor elicoi+al 17C a
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+- 1<C a
.tra#!"ortor c& raclete- RC a
. ele(ator c& c&"e - 1<C a
<.<1S S <.<1S922<<<S17 71<<<S1< ;IB<<SR ;K<<<S1<:
12I1I =
$M k k
C - a
R+N an
+ + +
;.I. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& amorti,area

moto!ti(&itoarelor
k k $M
a - C S S <1 . <

N = M an R+N
k
-
. (aloarea &tila8&l&i la ac3i,i/ie 0
1K<<< IKB;<
k
- Euro R+N

a
. (aloarea cotei a#&ale +e amorti,are !ti(&itor&l&i e!te C 17 a
<.<1S S <.<1SIKB;<S17S7 1IB;1.7 =
$M k k
C - a R+N an
;.B. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor a#&ale c& amorti,area

62
cl+irilor !i!tem&l&i +e +e"o,itare
Rela/ia +e calc&l $olo!it e!te -
a - C
d $M
S S <1 . <
N = M an R+N
&#+e -
d
-
. (aloarea act&al a +e"o,it&l&i >
a
. cota a#&al +e amorti,are a +e"o,it&l&i 0 C R a >
R+N -
s
71<<<<
<.<1S S <.<1S71<<<<SR 7<<<< =
$M d
C - a R+N an
;.R. Calc&l&l c& re"ara/iile c&re#te ale
ma)i#ilor c& ac/i&#e co#ti#&
Co!t&l &#ei ma)i#i c& ac/i&#e co#ti#& e!te +i$icil +e a"reciat *# co#+i/iile *# care acea!ta
+e"i#+e +e +ime#!i&#ile ma)i#ii 0 $irma "ro+&ctoare )i altele .
S.a !ta'ilit co!t&l ace!tor &tila8e ca o (aloare me+ie at6t a +ime#!i&#ilor c6t )i al "re/&l&i
+e ac3i,i/ie -
. tra#!"ortor elicoi+al -
22<<<
e
- R+N
>
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+-
71<<<
e
- R+N
>
63
.tra#!"ortor c& raclete-
;IB<<
e
- R+N
>
. ele(ator c& c&"e -
;K<<<
Ec
- R+N
>
Rela/ia +e calc&l a c3elt&ielilor a#&ale c& re"ara/iile c&re#te e!te -
<.<1S S
RC i i
C - r

N = M an R+N

&#+e -
i
-
. (aloarea ma)i#ii +e ti"&l 0iX >
i
r
. cota +e re"ara/ii a &tila8&l&i +e ti"&l 0iX .
. tra#!"ortor elicoi+al 7C r >
.tra#!"ortor c& 'a#+- ;C r >
.tra#!"ortor c& raclete- 2C r >
. ele(ator c& c&"e - ;C r >
( ) <.<1S S <.<1S 22<<<S7 71<<<S; ;IB<<S2 ;K<<<S; 27IR =
RC i i
C C r R+N an + + +
;.K. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& *#tre/i#erea

)i re"ara/iile "arc&l&i +e !ti(&itoare
Rela/ia +e calc&l &tili,at e!te &rmtoarea -
r C n C
,R
S S S <1 . <

N = M an R+N

&#+e -
64
n
. #&mr&l +e &tila8e acti(e 0 7 n >
C . co!t&l &#&i &tila8 *# "re,e#t 0
1K<<< = IKB;< = C Euro utila* R+N utila*

r . cota "roce#t&al a (alorii re"ara/iilor *# ra"ort c& (aloarea total a &tila8&l&i 0 2C r >
<.<1S S S <.<1S7SIKB;<S2 11BR.2 =
,R
C n C r R+N an
;.1<. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& *#tre/i#erea
)i re"ara/iile !i!tem&l +e +e"o,itare
Rela/ia +e calc&l &tili,at e!te &rmtoarea -
r - C
c ,R
S S <1 . <
N = M an R+N
&#+e -
c
-
. (aloarea act&al a cla+irii >
r . cota a#&al +e *#tre/i#ere )i re"ara/ii.
71<<<<
c
- R+N
7C r
<.<1S71<<<<S7 1<<< =
,R
C R+N an
C+eltuielile anuale totale vor $i(
M = N
T PM E $M ,R
C C C C C R+N an + + +
BRR2;I IKB<<7.71 912I1I 1IB;1.7 7<<<<: 927IR 11BR.2 1<<<: 1111I;1.R1 =
T
C R+N an + + + + + + +
65
CAPITOLUL I5
PREZENTAREA SOLUDIILOR PROPUSE PENTRU
RETEHNOLOGIZAREA EI 4O%ERNIZAREA
SISTE4ULUI %E TRANSPORT INTERN EI
%EPOZITARE
Sol&/ia +e mo+er#i,are
66
2.1. I#tro+&cererea !tela8elor *# +e"o,it&l +e ,a3r
)i i#tro+&cerea electro!ti(&itor&l&i
A# &rma !t&+i&l&i $c&t a!&"ra "ro+&c/iei +e ,a3r o'/i#&t i# &ltimii 1 a#i !e o'!er( o
cre)tere a ace!teia *# $iecare a#.
Se $ace o "rog#o, core!"&#,toare "ro+&c/iei o'/i#&te *# &ltimii 1 a#i $olo!i#+ $&#c/ia tre#+
li#e !a& te#+i#/a ge#eral re,&lt6#+ ca"acitatea #ece!ar +e +e"o,itare *# a#&l 7<17.
%e aici !e o'!er( &# #ece!ar +e ca"acitate *# 7<17 +e ;1;1< +e to#e +e ,a3r.

Nr.
Crt.
a#&l Pro+&c/ia a#&al
MtN
67
< 7<<; 1<17<
1 7<<2 17K11
7 7<<1 121R;
; 7<<I 1I7;2
2 7<<B 7;<BI
1 7<<R 7;KK10;
I 7<<K 7IR;<0R
B 7<1< 7KIB<0;
R 7<11 ;71<K0R
K 7<17 ;1;2K0;
%eoarece !e e!timea, o cre)tere a "ro+&c/iei +e ,a3r e!te #ece!ar o cre)tere a
ca"acit/ii +e +e"o,itare.
Se "ro"&#e o !ol&/ie +e rete3#ologi,are )i mo+er#i,are a +e"o,it&l&i +e "ro+&!e $i#ite )i
a#&me-
.i#tro+&cere a !tela8elor i# +e"o,it ceea ce (a +&ce la o cre)tere a ca"acit/ii +e +e"o,itare care
! aco"ere #ece!ar&l +e ca"acitate +i# 7<17
. *#loc&irea moto!ti(&itoarelor %e!ta %17 $olo!ite la ma#i"&larea &#it/ilor +e *#crct&r c&
electro!ti(&itoare E17 care a&-
. *#l/ime +e ri+icare a &#it/ii +e *#crct&r mai mare>
.&# co!t al e#ergiei co#!&mate mai re+&! +ec6t co!t&l co#!&m&l&i +e com'&!ti'il $olo!it la
moto!ti(&itoare>
.&# c&loar +e l&cr& mai re+&! >
. elimi#area #o?elor ema#ate +e e)a"ame#t&l motor&l&i %ie!el *# totalitate>
.o "ro+&cti(itate mai mare >
2.7. Calc&l&l +ime#!i&#ilor !tela8elor
68
%ime#!i&#ile !tela8elor !e (or calc&la *# $&#c/ie +e +ime#!i&#ile +e 'a, ale cl+irii )i +e
caracteri!ticile electro!ti(&itor&l&i care (a *#loc&i moto!ti(&itor&l act&al .
%atele #ece!are calc&l&l&i +ime#!i&#ilor !tela8elor !&#t -
. +ime#!i&#ile +e"o,it&l&i +e !aci +e ,a3r- ;7 % m > 1I l m >
. !"a/iile +e !ig&ra#/ *#tre "ere/ii +e"o,it&l&i )i !tela8e - m l 1 >
. *#l/imea ma?im +e ri+icare a $&rcilor -
mm h 21<<
ma?

>
. +ime#!i&#ile &#it/ii +e *#crct&r "e#tr& !acii +e ,a3r-
.
17<< R<< 17<<
ui ui ui
h l %
.
Pe#tr& calc&l&l +ime#!i&#ilor &#&i 'loc +e !tela8 tre'&ie a$late *# "rim&l r6#+
+ime#!i&#ile &#ei cel&le +e +e"o,itare .
Cel&la +e +e"o,itare e!te &# !"a/i& egal c& +ime#!i&#ile +e ga'arit ale &#it/ii +e
*#crct&r la cere !e a+a&g !"a/iile +e !ig&ra#/ +i#tre !tr&ct&ra metalic )i co#t&r&l +e ga'arit
al &#ittii +e *#crct&r .
Fig.I Cel&la +e +e"o,itare
69
%ime#!i&#ile cel&lei +e +e"o,itare !&#t -
. l&#gimea &#it/ii +e *#crct&r -
mm %
ui
17<<
>
. l/imea &#it/ii +e *#crct&r -
mm l
ui
R<<
>
. *#l/imea &#it/ii +e *#crct&r -
mm h
ui
17<<
>
. !"a/i& +e !ig&ra#/ - mm 1<< >
. l&#gimea cel&lei +e +e"o,itare -
mm % %
ui c
12<< 1<< S 7 17<< 7 + +
>
. l/imea cel&lei +e +e"o,itare -
mm l l
ui c
1<<< 1<< S 7 R<< S 7 + +
>
. *#l/imea cel&lei +e +e"o,itare -
mm h h
ui c
1;<< 1<< 17<< + +
.
N&mr&l +e cel&le "e (ertical !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia -
ma?
1
cv
c
h
N
h
1
+
1
]

M N celule

&#+e -
ma?
h
. *#l/imea ma?im +e !ti(&ire 0
m h 1 . 2
ma?

>
c
h
. *#l/imea cel&lei +e +e"o,itare 0
m h
c
; . 1
>
ma?
2.1
1 1 ; 1 2
1.;
cv
c
h
N niveluri
h
1
1
+ + +
1
1
]
]
N&mr&l +e cel&le "e ori,o#tal !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia-

s
co
.
%
N
D
1
1
]

Mcel&leN
70
&#+e-
%
?
. +ime#!i&#ea "e ori,o#tal ra"ortat la !&"ra$a/a lateral a !tela8&l&i ce re(i#e &#ei cel&le +e
+e"o,itare>
L
!
U l&#gimea !tela8&l&i>
L
!
P l . lc
L
!
P 1I U ;071 P 170BK m.
l U l/imea +e"o,it&l&iMmN>
lc U l/imea mi#im a c&loar&l&i +e circ&la/ieMmN>

s
co
.
%
N
D
1
1
]
P
170 BK
1
1
1
]
P M1707N P 17 cel&le
N&mr&l +e cel&le +i# !tela8 !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia-

N
c!
P N
c o
^ N
c(
Mcel&leN
N
c!
P 17 ^ 2 P 2R cel&le
Ca"acitatea #ece!ara +e +e"o,itare -
S S
a
ND d d
#
C T k
/

N Mcelule

&#+e -
a
#
. ca#titatea a#&al +e &#it/i +e *#crct&r reali,ate 0
N . M i u
>
/ . #&mr&l a#&al +e ,ile l&crtoare 0 72< / /ile >
d
T
. tim"&l me+i& +e +e"o,itare 0
7
d
T /ile
>
71
d
k
. coe$icie#t ce /i#e !eama +e "o#+erea li(rrilor +irecte 0
R . <
d
k
.
I<<<<
S S S7S<.R 2<<
72<
a
ND d d
#
C T k celule
/

Ca"acitatea +e +e"o,itare "roiectat (a $i +etermi#at c& rela/ia -
cs (' !roiect
N N C S

N Mcelule

&#+e -
('
N
. #&mr&l +e 'loc&ri +e !tela8 care !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia -

2<<
K
2R
ND
('
cs
C
N locuri
N

S KS2R 2;7
!roiect (' cs
C N N celule
Coe$icie#t&l +e &tili,are a ca"acit/ii "roiectate (a $i -
2<<
<.K7
2;7
ND
st
!roiect
C
C

%&" i#tro+&cerea !tela8elor (a re,&lta cre)terea ca"acit/ii +e +e"o,itare ca"a'il !a aco"er
#ece!ar&l +e ca"acitate )i o mai '&# ara#8are a &#it/ilor +e *#crct&r *# +e"o,it.
2.;. Calc&l&l electro!ti(&itor&l&i "ro"&!
Pe#tr& mo+er#i,area "arc&l&i +e !ti(&itoare !.a ale! electro!ti(&itor&l& E.17 c& &rmtoarele
caracteri!tici te3#ice -
%e#&mire caracteri!tici U#itate +e
m!&r
Sim'ol 5aloarea
caracteri!ticilor
Ca"acitatea #omi#al +e *#crcare +aN G
N
7<<<
5ite,a +e +e"la!are c& *#crct&r m=! (
+i
201I
5ite,a +e +e"la!are $r *#crct&r m=! (
+g
2022
5ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor c& !arci# m=! (
r!
<.B
72
5ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor $r !arci# m=! (
rg
<.BI
5ite,a +e co'or6re a $&rcilor c& !arci# m=! (
c!
<.I1
5ite,a +e co'or6re a $&rcilor $r !arci# m=! (
cg
<.1I
P&terea #omi#al a motor&l&i GJ P
#
I
T&r/ia #omi#al a motor&l&i rot=mi# # 7B1<
Gre&tatea "ro"rie +aN G
&t
;1<<
Coe$icie#t +e !&"ra*#crcare . _
a
1.1
Ca"acitatea 'ateriei 5=A3 C
'
2B=B7<
A#l/imea ma?im +e ri+icare a $&rcilor m 3
ma?
2.1
L&#gime $r $&rci mm l
1
7;71
L/imea total mm l 1<B<
L/imea c&loarelor +e circ&la/ie mm l
c
;71<
,.-.1. Determinarea duratei medii a ciclului de lucru
%&rata &#&i cicl& +e ma#i"&lare !e +etermi# c& rela/ia-
1
M!ecN
n
c i
i
T t
U#+e -
i
t
. +&rata o"era/iei eleme#tare i
Pe#tr& a +etermi#a +&rata me+ie a cicl&l&i +e l&cr& !e $ace me+ia aritmetic a +&ratelor a trei
cicl&ri +e ma#i"&lare-
. "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai l&#g
."e#tr& c&r!a me+ie
73
."e#tr& c&r!a cea mai !c&rt
%etermi#area +&ratei cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai l&#g
t
1
P 2!
t
7
P 7!
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
N = M s m
.

;
<.1
1
<.B
t s
2.%&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a electro!ti(&itor&l&i

2
2 t s
1.%e"la!area electro!ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&ra

1
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
I.1 1; 1;
R
1<<<
11S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
1
d
.+i!ta#/a "e care !e +e"la!ea, electro!ti(&itor&l MmN
74
di
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are *#crcat a electro!ti(&itor&l&i P11 Tm=3
o

I
; t s
o

B
; t s
R
R
M N
R
R
H
t s
v
R
2
I
<.B
t s
t
K
P 7!
t
1<
P 2!
R
11
M N
R
c
H
t s
v
11
2
B
<.1I
t s
&#+e-
c
v
17. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a electro!ti(&itor&l&i
75

17
2 t s
1;.%&rata +e"la!rii *# !tare goal a electro!ti(&itor&l&i
1
1;
M N
dg
d
t s
v

1;
I.1 1; 1;
R
1<<<
1IS
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
dg
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are *# !tare goala a electro!ti(&itor&l&iP1ITm=3
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai l&#g-
T
c1

%etermi#area +&ratei cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a me+ie
1.Tim"&l #ece!ar *#tro+&cerii $&rcilor *# galeriile "alet&l&i
t
1
P 2!
t
7
P 7!
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
N = M s m
.
76

;
<.1
1
<.B
t s

2
2 t s

7
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
I.1 R I.1
1
1<<<
11S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
7
d
di
v
o

I
; t s
o

B
; t s
R
R
M N
R
R
H
t s
v
R
1.;
7
<.B
t s
77
t
K
P 7!
t
1<
P 2!
R
11
M N
R
c
H
t s
v
11
1.;
7
<.1I
t s
&#+e-
c
v
17. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a electro!ti(&itor&l&i

17
2 t s
1;.%&rata +e"la!rii i# !tare goal a electro!ti(&itor&l&i
1
1;
M N
dg
d
t s
v

1;
I.1 R I.1
1
1<<<
1IS
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
dg
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are i# !tare goal a electro!ti(&itor&l&iP1ITm=3
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a me+ie-
T
c7

78
%etermi#area +&ratei cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai
!c&rt
t
1
P 2!
t
7
P 7!
T
;
T
R
H
t
v

N Ms

&#+e -
R
v
. (ite,a +e ri+icare a $&rcilor c& !arci# Mm=!N

;
<.1
1
<.B
t s

2
2 t s

;
1
M N
di
d
t s
v

1
I.1 ; ;.1
2
1<<<
11S
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
79
;
d
di
v
o

I
; t s
B.Co'or6rea *#crct&rii la *#l/imea +e !ti(&ire a mr$ii H
R
B
M N
R
C
H
t s
v
R
<.1
1
<.I1
t s
R. Tim"&l #ece!ar rotirii i# "la# (ertical a !i!tem&l&i +e rame c& &#g3i&l Q
t
K
P 7!
K.Tim"&l #ece!ar !coaterii $&rcilor +i# galeriile "alet&l&i
t
K
P 2!
1<. %&rata ma#e(rei +e *#toarcere a electro!ti(&itor&l&i

1<
2 t s
11.%&rata +e"la!rii i# !tare goal a electro!ti(&itor&l&i
;
11
M N
dg
d
t s
v

11
I.1 ; ;.1
;
1<<<
1IS
;I<<
t s
+ +

&#+e-
dg
v
.(ite,a +e +e"la!are i# !tare goal a electro!ti(&itor&l&iP1I Tm=3
80
%&rata cicl&l&i +e ma#i"&lare "e#tr& c&r!a cea mai !c&rt-
T
c;

%&rata me+ie a cicl&l&i +e l&cr& (a $i-
1 7 ;
1B 2< ;2
2;.II 22
; ;
c
c
T T T
T s
+ + + +

Calc&l&l "ro+&cti(it/ii orare a electro!ti(&itor&l&i
H
e
P
;I<< ;I<<
S S<.B 1B.7B 1R =
22
T
c
k ui h
T

&#+e-
T
T
Pcoe$icie#t +e $olo!ire a electro!ti(&itor&l&i i# tim">
N&mr&l #ece!ar +e electro!ti(&itoare
Calc&l&l #&mr&l&i #ece!ar +e electro!ti(&itoare !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia -
7S S S
M N
S S
a n d
s
F e
# k k
N electrostivuitoare
/ T #
&#+e-
7.mar$a e ma#i"&lat +e 7 ori 9*#crcare )i +e!crcare +i# !tela8: >

a
#
.(ol&m&l a#&al +e mr$&ri i#trate *# +e"o,it >

n
k
.coe$icie#t +e #e&#i$ormitate 9"erioa+e +e !r'tori:0 /i#e !eama +e (6r$&rile +i#
"erioa+ele
a#&l&i
n
k
P107>
81

d
k
. coe$icie#t ce /i#e !eama +e "o#+erea li(rrilor +irecte 0 R . <
d
k >

F
T
.tim"&l ,il#ic +e $&#c/io#are a +e"o,it&l&i >

e
#
."ro+&cti(itatea orar +e e?"loatare a electro!ti(&itor&l&i >

7SI<<<<S1.7S<.R
<.R7 1
72<S1<S1R
s
N electrostivuitor
Pe#tr& ma#i"&larea &#it/ilor +e *#crct&r e!te #ece!ar &# electro!ti(&itor .%eoarece *#
ca,&l +e$ectrii electro!ti(&itor&l&i mar$a #& mai "oate $i ma#i"&lat !i ara#8at *# +e"o,it !e
"ro"&#e ac3i,i/io#area a 7 electro!ti(&itoare %e!ta E17.
2.;.7. %emararea )i +e"la!area electro!ti(&itor&l&i c&
*#crct&r
Calc&l&l $or/elor re,i!te#te la r&lare-
T
R
nec
v F
P
7
1<
MTJN >
P
#ec
U "&terea #ece!ar "e#tr& a#tre#area meca#i!m&l&i
F
R
U $or/a re,i!te#t la r&lare "e care o *#t6m"i# ro/ile cr&cior&l&i M+aNN
( U (ite,a +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i Mm = !N >
T
. ra#+ame#t&l tra#!mi!iei > R 0 <
T

: 9
< inc ut R
G G w F +
M+aNN
82
<
w
coe$icie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0
<
<0 <7 w
>
s
G
gre&tatea "ro"rie a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
;1<<
s
G daN
>
i
G
gre&tatea *#crct&rii0
I7
<
9 : <.<7S9;1<< I7<: B2.2
r s i
F w G G daN + +
7
S B2.2S;.;
;.
i
d
N MNm
.
n
P
n
P P
M
i
nec
i
nec
i
nec i
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

&#+e -
i
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar $&#c/io#rii motor&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#ta 0
N Mw
>
n
mi#N = Mrot
.
;<I<
K.1S 11
7B1
83
i
red
7
kgm .
i
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad
&#+e -
i
d
t . tim"&l +e +emarare al !ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
d
i
d
a
v
t N Ms

&#+e -
d
a
7
<.; =
d
a m s .
;.;
11
<.;
i
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S7B1<
7I =
I<S I<S11
i
d
n
rad s
t

1
S S : 9 S 1 . K1 S
7
,
_
+ +
n
v
m m J J
i s c
i
red
N M
7
kgm
&#+e -
c
J
. mome#t&l +e i#er/ie al c&"la8&l&i 0 N M
7
kgm >
s
m
7;R<
s
m kg
>
i
m
. ma!a *#crct&rii 0
I7<
i
m kg
.
7
7
7
1 ;.; 1
S K1.1S9 : S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S9;1<< I7<:S S
7B1< <.R
<.I;
i
red c s i
v
J J m m
n
kgm
_
+ + + +

,
84
S 7IS<.I; 1B
i i
d red
M J Nm
11 1B 7R
i i i
dem s d
M M M Nm + +
I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
i
dem
i
dem

N Mw

&#+e -
i
dem
N MNm
-
7S S 7S S7B1<
S 7RS R<1K R.<1
I< I<
i i
dem dem
n
P M w kw

S M N
i i
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S7B1<
B7 =
I<S I<S2
f i
fr
n
rad s
t

;.;
2
<.R
i
fr i
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
;.;
S K1.1S9 :S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S9;1<< I7<: S S<.R
71<<
<.1<<1
i
redf c s i
v
J J m m
n
kgm

_
+ + + +

,
B7S<.1<<1 ;B
i
df
M Nm
11 ;B 2R
i i i
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S7B1<
S 2RS 1;R1I 1;.R1
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

85
2.;.;.%emararea )i +e"la!area a electro!ti(&itor&l&i $r
*#crct&r
P&terea #ece!ar motor&l&i !e (a calc&la c& rela/ia -
S 1<
S
7
v F
P
r g
nec

N Mkw

&#+e -
r
F . $or/ele re,i!te#te la +e"la!are 0
N MdaN
>
v
. (ite,a +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N = M s m
>
T
. ra#+ame#t&l tra#!mi!iei 0
<.R
T

.
For/ele re,i!te#te la *#ai#tare !e calc&lea, c& rela/ia -
s r
G w F S
<
N MdaN
&#+e -
<
w
. re,i!te#/a !"eci$ic la *#ai#tare 0
<7 . <
<
w
>
s
G
. gre&tatea "ro"rie a !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N MdaN
>
<
S <.<7S;1<< I7
r s
F w G daN
7
S I7S;.R
7.K2
1< S 1<<S<.R
g r
nec
F v
P kw

86
g
d
g
s
g
dem
M M M + N MNm
&#+e -
g
s
N MNm
>
g
d
N MNm
.
n
P
n
P P
M
g
nec
g
nec
g
nec g
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

&#+e -
g
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar $&#c/io#rii motor&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#t 0
N Mw
>
n
mi#N = Mrot
.
7K2<
K.1S 11
7B1<
g
s
M Nm
g
red
g
d
J M S
N MNm
&#+e -

7
s rad >
g
red
7
kgm .
g
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad
&#+e -
g
d
t . tim"&l +e +emarare al !ti(&itor&l&i $r *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
d
g
d
a
v
t N Ms

&#+e -
87
d
a
7
<.2 =
d
a m s .
;.R
K
<.2
g
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S7B1<
;7 =
I<S I<SK
g
d
n
rad s
t

1
S S S 1 . K1 S
7
,
_
+
n
v
m J J
s c
g
red
N M
7
kgm
&#+e -
. coe$icie#t ce /i#e !eama +e i#$l&e#/a ma!elor a$late # mi)care +e rota/ie 0 1.7 >
c
J
. mome#t&l +e i#er/ie al c&"la8&l&i 0
7
<.<7
c
J kgm >
s
m
7;R<
s
m kg
>
7
7 7
1 ;.R 1
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S;1<<S S <.B
7B1< <.R
g
red c s
v
J J m kgm
n
_
+ +

,
S 7KS<.B 7;
g g
d red
M J Nm
11 7; ;2
g g g
dem s d
M M M Nm + +

I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
g
dem
g
dem

N Mw

&#+e -
g
dem
N MNm
-

7S S 7S S7B1<
S ;2S KBRI K.BR
I< I<
g g
dem dem
n
P M w kw

88
S M N
g g
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S7B1<
B7 =
I<S I<S2
f g
fr
n
rad s
t

;.R
2
<.K
g
fr g
fr
v
t s
a

7
7
7
;.R
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S;1<<S S<.R
71<<
<.1;21
i
redf c s
v
J J m
n
kgm

_
+ +

,
B7S<.1;21 ;KM N
g
df
M Nm
11 ;K 1<
g g g
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S7B1<
S 1<S 12;K1.II 12.;K
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

2.;.2. Calc&l&l e#ergiei co#!&mate "e#tr& e$ect&area
&#&i cicl& +e $&#c/io#are
Rela/ia +e calc&l &tili,ata (a $i-
g i c
E E E +

N Mkwh

&#+e -
i
E
. e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& e$ect&area !emic&r!ei c& *#crct&ra 0
N Mkwh
>
g
E
. e#ergia co#!&mat "e#tr& e$ect&area !emic&r!ei $r *#crct&r 0
N Mkwh
.
89
( )
1
]
1
+
+
i
ct
i
nec
i
d
i
nec
i
dem
i
t P
t P P
E S
7
S
S
1< S I . ;
1
I

N Mkwh

&#+e -
i
dem
P . "&terea #ece!ar *# "erioa+a +e +emarare "e#tr& !emic&r!a c& *#crct&r 0
N Mw
>
i
nec
P . "&terea #ece!ar +e"la!rii &tila8&l&i c& (ite,a co#!ta#t 0
N Mw
>
i
ct
t . tim"&l +e mer! c& (ite,a co#!ta#t "e#tr& !emic&r!a c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
.
4o+&l +e calc&l e!te a!em#ator "e#tr& cele +o& ti"&ri +e !emic&r!e 0 *#crcat )i goal .
Se $olo!e)te &rmtoarea rela/ie +e calc&l -
v
D
t
ct i
ct

N Ms

&#+e -
ct
D
. +i!ta#/a "e care !e +e"la!ea, !ti(&itor&l c& (ite, co#!ta#t 0
N Mm
>
v
. (ite,a c& care !e +e"la!ea, !ti(&itor&l 0
N = M s m
.
( )
ct dem fr
D d D D +

N Mm

&#+e -
d . +i!ta#/a me+ie +e +e"la!are a !ti(&itor&l&i 0 71 d m >
dem
D
. +i!ta#/a #ece!ar +emarrii !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N Mm
>
fr
D
. +i!ta#/a #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itor&l&i 0
N Mm
.
%eoarece
dem fr
D D d + >
"&#em co#+i/ia ca
dem fr
D D d +
90
Stare *#crcat -
7 7 7 7
71 71 ;.; =
7 7 7S<.; 7S<.R
d f
v v v v
m m v m s
a a
+ +
Stare goal-

7 7 7 7
71 71 ;.R =
7 7 7S<.2 7S<.K
d f
v v v v
m m v m s
a a
+ +
Se (a $olo!i (ite,a +e ;.; m=! "e#tr& +e"la!area electro!ti(&itor&l&i *# !tare *#crcat )i ;.Rm=!
"e#tr& +e"la!area *# !tare goal.
7 7
S <.;S11
1R
7 7
i i
i d d
dem
a t
D m
7 7
S <.2SK
1B
7 7
g g
g d d
dem
a t
D m
7
S
7 i
fr
i
fr i
fr
t a
D
N Mm

&#+e -
i
fr
a
. accelera/ia la $r6#are c& *#crct&r 0
7
<.R =
i
fr
a m s
>
i
fr
t
. tim"&l #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itor&l&i c& *#crct&r 0
N Ms
>
7
7
S
<.RS2
B
7 7
i i
fr fr i
fr
a t
D m
7
S
7 g
fr
g
fr g
fr
t a
D
N Mm

91
&#+e -
g
fr
a
. accelera/ia la $r6#are $r *#crct&r 0
7
<.K =
g
fr
a m s
>
g
fr
t
. tim"&l #ece!ar $r6#rii !ti(&itor&l&i $r *#crct&r 0
N Ms
>
7
7
S
<.KS2
R
7 7
g g
fr fr g
fr
a t
D m
( )
71 91R B: <
i i i
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
( )
71 91B R: <
g g g
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
R<1K ;<I< S11
1
S ;<I<S< <.<<1B
;.IS1< 7
i i i
dem nec d
i i
i nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
KBRI 7K2< SK
1
S 7K2<S< <.<<1<
;.IS1< 7
g g g
dem nec d
g g
g nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
<.<<1B <.<<1< <.<1<B = .
c i g
92
2.;.1. Calc&l&l meca#i!m&l&l&i +e ri+icare
al electro!ti(&itor&l&i
Stare ( ) cu 'nc#rc#tur# *
Se a#ali,ea, $or/ele ce ac/io#ea, a!&"ra cr&cior&l&i "ort . $&rc -
W
H H

1 r c i
F G G T + + N MdaN
Ec&a/ia *# ra"ort c& ce#tr&l O al ro/ii e!te-
c i c
l G l G H S S S +

c
c c i
l G l G
H
S S +

N MdaN

c
c c i
o o r
l G l G
H F
S S
S S 7 S S 7
1
+

N MdaN

&#+e -
T . te#!i&#ea ce a"are *# la#/&rile +e care e!te "ri#! cr&cior&l "ort U $&rc >
c
G
. gre&tatea cr&cior&l&i "ort U $&rc 0
11
c
G daN
>
i
G
. gre&tatea *#crct&rii 0
I7
W
0 H H . reac/i&#i >
l . +i!ta#/a +e la !&"ort&l $or/ei i
G
la a?a ??X 0 <.R l m >
c
l
. +i!ta#/a +e la !&"ort&l $or/ei c
G
la a?a ??X 0
<.11
c
l m
>
93
c
. +i!ta#/a *#tre "&#ctele +e co#tact ale ro/ilor cr&cior&l&i "ort.$&rc 0

<.2<
c

>
o
. coe$ie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0

<7 . <
o
Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, *# la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t *#tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .

A#tre te#!i&#ea T )i
0
T
e?i!t rela/ia -
a
T
T
0

N MdaN
.
a
. ra#+ame#t&l a#gre#a8&l&i +i#tre ro/i )i "la#&l "e care !e +e"la!ea, 0

<.R
a

.
,
_
+ +
a
!
T T T F
1
1 S
0
N MdaN

P&terea #ece!ar (a $i +etermi#at c& rela/ia -
7
S
1< S
! !
nec
T
F v
P

N Mkw

&#+e -
!
v
. (ite,a c& care !e +e"la!ea, ca"t&l ti8ei "i!to#&l&i 0 !e "oate e?"rima *# $&#c/ie +e
(ite,a +e *#crcare .

r
v . (ite,a +e ri+icare a *#crct&rii 0
<.B =
r
v m s
.
S S I7<S<.R 11S<.11
17I1
<.2
i c c
c
G l G l
H daN
+ +

1
7S S 7S<.<7S17I1 11
r o
F H daN
1
I7< I< 11 B7I
i c r
T G G F daN + + + +
1 1
S 1 B7IS 1 1I;2
<.R
!
a
F T daN
_
_
+ +

,
,
94
<.B
<.;1 =
7 7
r
!
v
v m s
7
S
1I;2S<.;1
B.12
1< S 1<<S<.R
! !
nec
T
F v
P kw

i
d
i
s
i
dem
M M M +
N MNm

n
P
n
P P
M
i
nec
i
nec
i
nec i
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

B12<
K.1S 71
7B1<
i
s
M Nm
i
red
i
d
J M S
N MNm

i
d
t
n
S I<
S S 7

N = M
7
s rad
d
i
d
a
v
t N Ms

7
<.; =
d
a m s .
<.B
7
<.;
i
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S7B1<
122 =
I<S I<S7
i
d
n
rad s
t

1
S S : 9 S 1 . K1 S
7
,
_
+ +
n
v
m m J J
i s c
i
red
N M
7
kgm
11
s
m kg
>
I7<
i
m kg
.
95
7
7
7
1
S K1.1S9 : S9 : S
<.B 1
1.7S<.<7 K1.1S911 I7<: S S <.<7K
7B1< <.R
i
red c s i
v
J J m m
n
kgm
+ +
_
+ +

,
S 122S<.<7K 1
i i
d red
M J Nm
71 1 ;<
i i i
dem s d
M M M Nm + +
I<
S S 7
S
n
M P
i
dem
i
dem

N Mw

7S S 7S S7B1<
S ;<S RI;1 R.I;1
I< I<
i i
dem dem
n
P M w kw

S M N
i i
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S7B1<
7RR =
I<S I<S1
f i
fr
n
rad s
t

7
7
7
<.B
S K1.1S9 :S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S911 I7<: S S<.R
71<<
<.<;<1
i
redf c c i
v
J J m m
n
kgm

_
+ + + +

,
7I7S<.<;<1 K
i
df
M Nm
71 K ;2
i i i
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S7B1<
S ;2S KBRI.;; K.BR
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

Stare ( ) $#r# 'nc#rc#tur# *
96
S S <S<.R 11S<.11
71
<.2
i c c
c
G l G l
H daN
+ +

1
7S S 7S71S<.<7 1
r o
F H daN
1
< 11 1 1I
i c r
T G G F daN + + + +
1 1
S 1 1IS 1 17I
<.R
!
a
F T daN
_
_
+ +

,
,
<.BI
<.;R =
7 7
r
!
v
v m s
7
S
17IS<.;R
<.1KR
1< S 1<<S<.R
! !
nec
T
F v
P kw

n
P
n
P P
M
g
nec
g
nec
g
nec g
s
S 1 . K
I<
S S 7

N MNm

1KR
K.1S 7
7B1<
g
s
M Nm
7
<.2 =
d
a m s .
<.BI
7
<.2
g
d
d
v
t s
a

7
7S S 7S S7B1<
122 =
I<S I<S7
g
d
n
rad s
t

1.7 >
<
c
J
>
<.<7
R
J
11
s
m kg
>
7
7 7
1 <.BI 1
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S11S S <.<72
7B1< <.R
g
red c s
v
J J m kgm
n
_
+ +

,
97
S 122S<.<72 2
g g
d red
M J Nm
Nm M M M
g
d
g
s
g
dem
I 2 7 + +

7S S 7S S7B1<
S IS 1B7B 1.B7B
I< I<
g g
dem dem
n
P M w kw

S M N
g g
df f redf
M J Nm
7
7S S 7S S7B1<
7RR =
I<S I<S1
f g
fr
n
rad s
t

7
7
7
<.BI
S K1.1S S9 : S 1.7S<.<7 K1.1S11S S<.R
71<<
<.<721
i
redf c c
v
J J m
n
kgm

_
+ +

,
7RRS<.<721 RM N
g
df
M Nm
7 R 1<
g g g
fr s df
M M M Nm + +
7S S 7S;.12S7B1<
S 1<S 7RBR.;; 7.RB
I< I<
i i
fr fr
n
P M w kw

7 7
S <.;S7
<.I
7 7
i i
i d d
dem
a t
D m
7 7
S <.2S7
<.R
7 7
g g
g d d
dem
a t
D m
7
7
S
<.RS1
<.2
7 7
i i
fr fr i
fr
a t
D m
98
7
7
S
<.KS1
<.21
7 7
g g
fr fr g
fr
a t
D m
( )
2 9<.I <.2: ;
i i i
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
( )
2 9<.R <.21: 7.B1
g g g
ct dem fr
D d D D m + +
;
1
<.B
i
i ct
ct
D
t s
v

7.B1
2
<.BI
g
g ct
ct
D
t s
v


( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
RI;1 B12< S7
1
S B12<S1 <.<12
;.IS1< 7
i i i
dem nec d
i i
i nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
( )
( )
I
I
S
1
S S
;.IS1< 7
1B7B 1KR S7
1
S 1KRS2 <.<<1;
;.IS1< 7
g g g
dem nec d
g g
g nec ct
P P t
E P t
kwh
1
+
1 +
1
]
1 +
+
1
]
<.<12 <.<<1; <.<11; = .
c i g
Pri# *#loc&irea moto!ti(&itoarelor c& elelectro!ti(&itoare !e o'!er( o re+&cere a +&ratei +e
"arc&rgere a &#&i cicl& re,&lt6#+ cre)terea "ro+&cti(it/ii orare +e e?"loatare.
99
2.;.I. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor a#&ale
"e#tr& e?"loaterea
co#!tr&c/iilor )i &tila8elor
4o+er#i,area "arc&l&i +e !ti(&itoare "ro"&#e &# !et +e m!&ri ce !e (or l&a ca &rmare a ace!tei
mo+er#i,ri -
. ac3i,i/io#area a 7 electro!ti(&itoare E.17 >
. a#ga8area &#&i electromeca#ic !"eciali,at *# *#tre/i#erea electro!ti(&itor&l&i >
. lic3i+area "arc&l&i +e moto!ti(&itoare .
A# cecea ce "ri(e)te i#tro+&cerea !tela8elor *# +e"o,it aceata "re!&"&#e ac3i,i/io#area
!tela8elor .
2.;.I.1. Calc&l&l i#(e!ti/iilor #ece!are
.lectrostivuitor (
5aloarea &#&i electro!ti(&itor E.17 e!te +e
717<< BBR<2
E
- Euro R+N
.
I#(!eti/ia #ece!ar (a $i -
E e
- n , S

N MR+N

e
n
. #&mr&l +e electro!ti(&itoare 0
vuitoare electrosti n
e
7

S 7SBBR<2 111I<R
e E
, n - R+N
Stela/ (
Co!t&l &#ei cel&le +e +e"o,itare
2<< =
c
- R+N m
.
2R
cs
N celule
100
st ('
- % N , S S N MR+N

('
N
. #&mr&l +e 'loc&ri +e !tela8 0 1<
('
N locuri .
S S 1<S2RS2<< 1K7<<<
(' cs c
, N N - R+N
2.;.I.7. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i
ce +e!er(e)te !i!tem&l
Per!o#al&l ce +e!er(e)te "arc&l +e electro!ti(&itoare e!te alct&it +i# -
.1co#+&ctori +e &tila8 c& !alari&l +e B<< = R+N luna >
.1 electromeca#ic c& !alari&l +e B<< = R+N luna .
1
17S S S
i
sal i i
n
C n s

N = M an R+N

&#+e -
i
n
. #&mr&l !alaria/ilor "e#tr& cele ` `i "ro$e!ii >
i
s
. !alari&l me+i& l&#ar "e#tr& $iecare "ro$e!ie >

.coe$icie#t care /i#e !eama +e c3elt&ielile !&"lime#tare c& !alari,area P10

( )
1
17S S 17S 1SB<<S 1SB<< 1IR<< =
i
sal i i
n
C n s R+N an
2.;.I.;.Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& e?"loatarea

electro!ti(&itoarelor )i *#tre/i#erea !tela8elor
101
Rela/ia +e calc&l $olo!it "e#tr& +etermi#area c3elt&ielilor c& e?"loaterea
electro!ti(&itoarelor e!te -

<.<1S S S
,R
C n - r

N = M an R+N

&#+e -
n
. #&mr&l +e &tila8e acti(e 0 7 n >
- . co!t&l &#&i &tila8 *# "re,e#t 0
717<< = BBR<2 = - Euro utila* R+N utila*

r . cota "roce#t&al a (alorii re"ara/iilor *# ra"ort c& (aloarea total a &tila8&l&i 0 C 17 r >
<.<1S S S <.<1S7SBBR<2S17 1RIB7.KI =
,R
C n C r R+N an
Stela8ele !&#t co#!tr&c/ii metalice +e $olo!i#/ *#+el&#gat +e!ti#ate +e"o,itrii &#it/ilor
+e *#crct&r "aleti,at !a& "ac3eti,at . Fii#+ co#!tr&c/ii metalice am"la!ate *# i#terior&l
!"a/iilor +e +e"o,itare 0 !tela8ele #ece!it re"ara/ii mi#ime o "erioa+ +e 1.1< a#i +e la +area *#
$olo!i#/ . Rata a#&al +e re"ara/ii (a $i !ta'ilit la ;C r .
r - C
st ,R
S S <1 . <

N = M an R+N

<.<1S S <.<1S91K7<<<S;: 1BI< =
,R st
C - r R+N an
2.;.I.2. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& e#ergia co#!&mat

+e motoarele electro!ti(&itoarelor
Rela/ia +e calc&l a c3elt&ielilor c& e#ergia co#!&mat +e motor&l electro!ti(&itor&l&i e!te -
1
1
S S S S M = N
n
i
EE e i i !
i
i
C c P t k R+N an

102
&#+e -
c
e
.co!t&l &#&i TJ3 e#ergie electric MRON=TJ3N>
P
i
."&terea #omi#al a motor&l&i MTJN>
t
i
.#&mr&l a#&al +e ore +e $&#c/io#are a $iecr&i motorMore=a#N>
t
i
P1<3=,iS7<<,ile=a#P7<<< 3=a#
i
!
k
i nec
!
N
P
k
P
>
P&terile motor&l&i !&#t-
."&terea #ece!ar
;.
."&terea #omi#al
I
N
P kw
>
;.<I
<.11
I
i
!
k
i
.ra#+ame#t&l me+i& al motoarelor electrice

<.R
i

C3elt&ielile c& e#ergia co#!&mat +e motor&l electro!ti(&itor&l&i (or $i-
1
<.IBIS9IS7<<<S<.11S :S7 1<;27.R =
<.R
EE
C R+N an
2.;.I.1. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& amorti,area
&tila8elor )i !tela8elor
k k $M
a - C S S <1 . <

N = M an R+N

103
a
. (aloarea cotei a#&ale +e amorti,are a i#(e!ti/iei $c&te "e#tr& mo+er#i,area "arc&l&i
+e !ti(&itoare )i "e#tr& !tela8e a $o!t !ta'ilit la C 2 a .
<.<1S S <.<1S9BBR<2S2 BBR<2S2: I772.;7 =
$E k k
C - a R+N an +
<.<1S S <.<1S91K7<<<S2: BIR< =

$st st k
C - a R+N an
CAPITOLUL 5
EFICIENDA ECONO4IC EI FINANCIAR A
SOLUDIEI PROPUSE
104
Sol&/ia "ro"&! +e rete3#ologi,are !i mo+er#i,are a a +e"o,it&l&i +e "ro+&!e $i#ite
"re!&"&#e-
.i#tro+&cere a !tela8elor i# +e"o,it ceea ce (a +&ce la o cre)tere a ca"acit/ii +e +e"o,itare
care ! aco"ere #ece!ar&l +e ca"acitate +i# 7<17
. *#loc&irea moto!ti(&itoarelor %e!ta %17 $olo!ite la ma#i"&larea &#it/ilor +e *#crct&r
c& electro!ti(&itoare E17 care a&-
. *#l/ime +e ri+icare a &#it/ii +e *#crct&r mai mare>
.&# co!t al e#ergiei co#!&mate mai re+&! +ec6t co!t&l co#!&m&l&i +e com'&!ti'il $olo!it
la moto!ti(&itoare>
.&# c&loar +e l&cr& mai re+&! >
. elimi#area #o?elor ema#ate +e e)a"ame#t&l motor&l&i %ie!el *# totalitate>
.o "ro+&cti(itate mai mare >
105
Acea!ta !ol&tie "re!&"&#e-
.ac3i,i/io#area 'loc&rilor +e !tela8e>
.ac3i,i/io#area a +o&a electro!ti(&itoare %e!ta E17>
. a#ga8area &#&i electromeca#ic !"eciali,at *# *#tre/i#erea electro!ti(&itoarelor
I#(e!ti/iile "e#tr& reali,area ace!tei !ol&tii !&#t &rmatoarele-
.ac3i,i/io#area electro!ti(&itoarelori -

111I<R
E
, R+N
.ac3i,i/io#area !tela8elor-
1K7<<<
s
, R+N
Investiiile totale vor $i(
111I<R 1K7<<< ;2BI<R
T
, R+N +
C+eltuielile pentru aceast# soluie sunt(
.c3elt&ielilor c& !alari,area "er!o#al&l&i ce +e!er(e)te !i!tem&l
1IR<< =
sal
C R+N an
.c3elt&ieli c& e?"loatarea electro!ti(&itor&l&i )i *#tre/i#erea !tela8elor
1RIB7.KI =
,RE
C R+N an
1BI< =
,R'
C R+N an
.c3elt&ieli c& e#ergia co#!&mat +e motor&l electro!ti(&itor&l&i
1<;27.R =
EE
C R+N an
106
.c3elt&ieli c& amorti,area &tila8&l&i )i !tela8elor
I772.;7 =
$E
C R+N an
BIR< =
$'T
C R+N an
C+eltuielile totale vor $i(
1IR<< 1RIB7.KI 1BI< 1<;27.R I772.;7 BIR< I12R<.<R
T
C R+N + + + + +
0lu%ul de venituri &i c+eltuieli 1 02C (

Pro$it&l o'/i#&t la (6#,area &#ei to#e +e ,a36r e!te +e 1R1.1 RON.
* *
C - F-C

N = M an R+N
&#+e -
*
-
. (e#it&l o'/i#&t *# a#&l 8 >
*
C
. c3elt&ielile care a"ar *# a#&l 8 .
Se *#tocme)te +iagrama $l&?&l&i +e (e#it&ri !i c3elt&ieli-
107
MRONN
777BI<;.K
1B177;2.B
11KIRI1.1
IR12KI.7
R;<I;.2

7<<R
7<<K 7<1< 7<11 7<17 tMRONN

;2BI<R

IMRONN
2enitul actuali"at 1 23A
E(al&area e!timrii (alorii &#&i "roiect "e 'a,a $l&?&l&i +e #&merar act&ali,at !e "oate
reali,a )i c& a8&tor&l (alorii #ete act&ali,ate !a& a (e#it&l&i #et act&ali,at.
5NA re"re,i#t +i$ere#/a +i#re (aloarea act&ali,at a (e#it&rilor )i (aloarea act&ali,at a
c3elt&ielilor "e toat +&rata +e (ia/ a "roiect&l&i

g
i act g i act
*
*
C - -N$
: 9 : 9
N = M an R+N
&#+e -
108
: 9i act
*
*
-
. (aloarea act&ali,at a (e#it&rilor >

: 9i act
g
g
C
. (aloarea act&ali,at a c3elt&ielilor >

8 )i g U i#+ici ai a#ilor *# care a"ar 'e#e$iciile !a& c3elt&ielile act&ali,ate la rata i.
i . rata a#&al +e act&ali,are IC i .
Act&ali,area (e#it&rilor )i c3elt&ielilor !e reali,ea, &tili,6#+ $actor&l +e act&ali,are
9 5A : 0 +e $orma -
( )
n
i
-$
+
1
1
109
A# I RONN MRONN F5C iPIC 5NA iP;7<C 5NA
< ;2BI<R R;<I;.2 .7I2122 <.K2;; .72K122.K
<.7;R<
-62986.8
1 < IR12KI IR12KI <.RRKK I<I2I;.2
<.<1II
;RI;;.1B
7 < 11KIRI1 11KIRI1 <.R;KI 1<<2RRR.;
<.<1;2
1I112.I1
; < 1B177;2 1B177;2 <.BK7< 1;1I<RK.K
<.<<;7
11<7.1BB
2 < 777BI<;.K 777BI<; <.B2B7 1II22I1.I
<.<<<B
1B<2.2BR
aP ;2BBKI7.; .KK1.1;1
Rata intern# de renta4ilitate 1 RIR
Rata i#ter#a +e re#ta'ilitate e!te acea rat +e act&ali,are 0 i 0 care $ace ca (aloarea #et a
$l&?&l&i +e #&merar ! $ie egal c& ,ero .
<
: 9 : 9

g
i act g i act
*
*
C -
Am calc&lat 5NA.&l "e#tr& o rat +e act&ali,are "e#tr& care 5NA are (aloare "o,iti(-
mi#
IC i
)i "e#tr& o rat +e act&ali,are "e#tr& care 5NA are (aloare #egati(-
ma?
;7<C i
( )
( )
( ) ( )
mi#
mi# ma?
mi# ma? mi#
act i
act i act i
-
R,R i i i
- -
+ +
+

;2BBKI7.;
I 9;7< I: ;;1.K
;2BBKI7.;VKK1.1;1
R,R + +
A(6#+ *# (e+ere c rata i#ter# +e re#ta'ilitate are o (aloare $oarte mare *#!eam# c
"roiect&l !&"ort o rat a re#ta'ilit/ii $oarte mare0 rec&"er6#+&.!e c& &)&ri#/ ca"ital&l i#(e!tit.
i'liogra$ie
1. Io# Cataram - Tra#!"ort i#+&!trial U Note +e c&r! - U#i(er!itatea Polite3#ica &c&re)ti >
7. Io# Cataram - 4a)i#i )i i#!tala/ii +e ma#i"&lare a mr$&rilor U Note +e c&r! -
U#i(er!itatea Polite3#ica &c&re)ti >
110
;. Io# Cataram - Teoria ge#eral a ma)i#ilor +e ri+icat )i tra#!"ortat 0 ma)i#i c& ac/i&#e
co#ti#& - U#i(er!itatea Polite3#ica &c&re)ti >
2. 4i3aela Po"a - E(al&area "roiectelor +e i#(e!ti/ii *# i#$ra!tr&ct&ra tra#!"ort&rilor 0
E+it&ra REN 0 &c&re)ti 0 7<<< >
1. 4i3aela Po"a - Eco#omia )i "la#i$icarea tra#!"ort&rilor U A#+r&mar +e "roiectare 0
E+it&ra Polite3#ica PRESS 0 &c&re)ti 0 7<<7 >
111

Proiect Licenta

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Proiect Licenta

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CAPITOLUL I

. accelera/ia &#g3i&lar a ar'orel&i motor&l&i 0 N = M

. accelera/ia &#g3i&lar a ar'orel&i motor&l&i 0 N = M

. +i!ta#/a *#tre "&#ctele +e co#tact ale ro/ilor cr&cior&l&i "ort.$&rc 0

. coe$ie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0

Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, *# la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t *#tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .

. ra#+ame#t&l a#gre#a8&l&i +i#tre ro/i )i "la#&l "e care !e +e"la!ea, 0

U coe$icie#t +e &m"lere a !ec/i&#ii t&'&l&i +e ctre material&l tra#!"ortat

. &#g3i&l +e *#cli#are 0 < .

Pra#+ame#t&l gr&"&l&i +e ac/io#are

7.;. Calc&l&l tra#!"ortor&l&i c& 'a#+

!i +e ti"&l +e !&"or/i c& role.

. +e#!itatea material&l&i *# (rac

. coe$icie#t&l +e &m"lere a c&"elor

. l&cr&l meca#ic !"eci$ic "e#tr& &m"lerea c&"ei

. coe$icie#t&l +e $recare la#/ U material 0

. &#g3i&l +e *#$a)&rare al la#/&l&i "e tam'&r 0

.ra#+ame#t&l me+i& al motoarelor electrice

.co#!&m&l #ormat +e e#ergie electric "e#tr& il&mi#area &#&i m

.co#!&m&l !"eci$ic +e car'&ra#t

;.I. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& amorti,area

;.B. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor a#&ale c& amorti,area

;.K. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& *#tre/i#erea

. accelera/ia &#g3i&lar a ar'orel&i motor&l&i 0 N = M

. accelera/ia &#g3i&lar a ar'orel&i motor&l&i 0 N = M

. +i!ta#/a *#tre "&#ctele +e co#tact ale ro/ilor cr&cior&l&i "ort.$&rc 0

. coe$ie#t&l re,i!te#/ei la r&lare 0

Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, *# la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t *#tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .

. ra#+ame#t&l a#gre#a8&l&i +i#tre ro/i )i "la#&l "e care !e +e"la!ea, 0

.coe$icie#t care /i#e !eama +e c3elt&ielile !&"lime#tare c& !alari,area P10

2.;.I.;.Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& e?"loatarea

2.;.I.2. Calc&l&l c3elt&ielilor c& e#ergia co#!&mat

.ra#+ame#t&l me+i& al motoarelor electrice

<.<1S S <.<1S91K7<<<S2: BIR< =

. (aloarea act&ali,at a (e#it&rilor >

. (aloarea act&ali,at a c3elt&ielilor >

S-ar putea să vă placă și

Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, # la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t #tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .

Te#!i&#ea T ce ac/io#ea, # la#/ )i $or/a re,i!te#t a"r&t #tre g3i+a8ele ro/ilor .