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With an Expert Panel including Admiral (ret) Mark Fitzgerald, U.S. Navy Lieutenant General (ret) David Deptula, U.S. Air Force Colonel (ret) Douglas Macgregor, U.S. Army
1. Convert Army ground forces to Combat Groups, 5-6,000 troops under Brigadier Generals; 2. Organize around Maneuver, Strike, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR), and Sustainment 3. Build Combat Groups that punch above their weight, (high lethality, low density); 4. Prepare Army Combat Groups to surge from a joint rotational readiness base and fight under regionally focused Joint command and control (C2); 5. Organize the Army National Guard and Reserve to mirror the AC Combat Groups.
MNVR BN
MNVR MNVR BN BN
MNVR BN
MNVR MNVR BN BN
MNVR BN
Support Battalion
Consolidate more combat power under fewer headquarters; Scrap colonel level of command, flatten C2; Create greater autonomy /independence at lower levels; ISR, Strike and Sustainment Groups will be larger or smaller.
ARMY HQ
Too Many Single Service C2 Echelons Too Slow to Decide Too Expensive to Modernize Too Vulnerable to WMD! Each echelon too dependent on the next higher echelon for decisions and support
Fighters!
Fewer C2 Echelons Faster Decision Cycle Mobile and Dispersed: Less Vulnerable to WMD More independence at lower levels Cheaper to Modernize
Stand up initial 3 star Joint Force Headquarters (JFC) at Joint Base Lewis-McChord. Develop template for JFCs across regional unified commands.
Flag officers for JFC are drawn from all services.
What would Reorganized Army Expeditionary Forces look like? (250,100 inside 420,000-450,000 man AC Army)
Maneuver Echelon: (4) LRSG: Light Reconnaissance Strike Group 5,150 (12) CMG: Combat Maneuver Group (Armor) 5,500 (6) ICG: Infantry Combat Group (Motorized) 5,000 (4) AAG: Airborne-Air Assault Group (Light) 5,000 Strike Echelon: (Aviation/UCAV/MLRS), TMD (4) ACG: Aviation Combat Groups 3500 (2) STG: Strike Groups (UCAV/MLRS) 3,000 (4) TMD: Theater Missile Defense Groups 4,000 ISR Echelon: (C4I plus SR/manned/unmanned) (4) C4I Groups 5,000 Sustainment Echelon: (See engineer consolidation) (8) CSG: Combat Support Groups 6,000 (2) ENG: Engineer Groups (construction) 4,000 (1) CBG: Chem-Bio Warfare Group 3,000 Manpower Total 136,600
The numbers and types of Combat Groups is an NCA decision. Red denotes new; The 8th Army (in Korea) contained 201,000 U.S. Soldiers + 26,000 Marines
1. Army can provide 35,000 to 50,000 ready, deployable troops at all times; the National Command Authorities (NCA) always know what forces/capabilities can deploy; 2. Funding for O&M is managed efficiently; 3. Army Force Packages are aligned with strategic air and sea lift; 4. No more last minute, hasty assembly of units and equipment for crisis or conflict; 5. Deployments become predictable improving quality of life for soldiers and families;
How do you design new equipment without a new Organization? Answer: You dont.
Brigadier General commands 5,150 troops
ARMED RECON
STRIKE
SUSTAINMENT
Forces Command Cyril Northcote Parkinsons (1909-1993) Law Applies: An inflated bureaucracy will generate enough internal work to keep itself 'busy' and so justify its continued existence without commensurate output.
What is to be done?
If you want something new, you have to stop doing something old People in any organization are always attached to the obsolete.
Peter Drucker, Management Challenges for the 21st Century, 1999
1. First, Direct GAO to examine the MTM alternative Army Force Design outlined in this presentation and the book, Transformation under Fire, (Praeger, 2003) and report its findings to Congress. Direct GAO to provide briefings on interim findings 60 and 90 days into the study. 2. Second, Direct the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (VCJCS, JROC Chairman) to model the MTM alternative Army Force Design in simulation using a current warfighting scenario. Direct the VCJCS to report his findings on the proposed alternative to Congress within 90 days.
The advanced world, too vulnerable to survive a war of attrition or mass destruction, must learn to conduct its affairs by the Rapier. R. E. Simpkin, Race to the Swift, 1985
Back-Up Slides
MTM employs force integration thru Joint C2 and ISR to confer a war-winning advantage on the US Armed Forces. The ISR, Strike, Maneuver, Sustainment Framework is crucial to integration of capabilities across service lines.
With a new, integrative Army force design, $ Savings emerge because its easier to identify unneeded equipment, reduce and eliminate command overhead the Army no longer needs: Adopt joint rotational readiness: It preserves depth in the force and provides more ready, deployable combat power at lower cost to the Joint Operations.
New Human Capital Strategy values talent more than longevity! (C2I = Character, Competence, Intelligence).
This is the path to Secretary Hagels goal: more agile and effective organizations and more empowered junior leaders.
1. Maintain the military power to ensure no one power or coalition of powers can dominate the Eurasian landmass and restrict the U.S. freedom of maneuver in any area of importance to the U.S. 2. Defend the Western Hemisphere and ensure the security of U.S. borders and coastal waters; 3. As required, conduct punitive military operations to neutralize or destroy unambiguous threats to U.S. national security interests.
US Military Strategy
US Operational Concepts
4. Defend and maintain the lines of communication and bases necessary for the execution of the above tasks. Outcome: Build regionally focused, integrated, Joint Force Commands, (not ad hoc Joint Task Force Hqtrs), to conduct all arms/all effects operations (new operational concept) in dispersed mobile warfare. Outcome: Reorganize the Army to expand the nations range of strategic options; Combat Groups Forces in Being capable of conducting operations on land under Joint C2 against a mix of potential opponents, conventional and unconventional.
Operational
Tactical
Acquisition
neutralize or destroy opposing forces/threats decisively; Apply the ISR-Strike-Maneuver-Sustainment Framework as a methodology for investment planning and programming as constrained budgets compel force optimization; Develop the framework inside a reduced number of regional unified commands.
Army, Navy, AF, Marine capabilities for employment plug in under one star or below.
THAAD
C4I/SUST BN
PATRIOT
Ballistic Missiles
1x THAAD Battery
Cruise Missiles
1x THAAD Battery
1x THAAD Battery
National Command Authorities should begin fielding TMD Groups from existing assets.
Aircraft
NASAM
Drones
Estimated cost of fielding four LRSG all arms battle groups equipped with 1,010 Puma variants in 5 to 7 years = $7.2 billion; Versus 1,748 Bradley Replacements (GCVs) for $28.8 billion in 8 years. PUMA variants are non-developmental, speeding delivery. (Pumas can be built in U.S.).
RECON M A N E U V E R M A N E U V E R
58 M1 Tanks 82 M2/3 BFVs 36 LRAS HMMWVs 10 120mm Mortars 16 155mm SP Guns Target Acquistion
Battery
VS.
UH60s LRAS
Strike Battalion
C4I Battalion
Support Battalion
4 12 6 4 26
20,600 Troops 66,000 Troops 35,000 Troops 15,000 Troops 136,600 Troops
144,000 Troops
The BCTs are the reinforced brigades inside divisions with roughly 4,500 men (projected). The BCTs are aligned with division and corps headquarters to restore the ten division force structure, a smaller version of the Cold War Army that emerged after Desert Storm.
Combat Group Types in Maneuver Echelon: LRSG: Light Reconnaissance Strike Group (5,150) CMG: Combat Maneuver Group armor (5,500) ICG: Infantry Combat Group - motorized (5000) AAG: Airborne-Air Assault Group (5,000)
Colonel (ret) Douglas Macgregor was commissioned in the US. Army in 1976 after 4 years at West Point and 1 year at VMI. In 1991, Macgregor was awarded the bronze star with V device for valor for his personal leadership of the lead cavalry troops that destroyed an Iraqi Republican Guard Brigade in the Battle of the 73 Easting, the U.S. Armys largest tank battle since World War II. His latest book, Warriors Rage. The Great Tank Battle of 73 Easting (Naval Institute Press, 2009) describes the action from his tank turret. As the Chief of Strategic Planning and Director of the Joint Operations Center at SHAPE (1997-2000), Macgregor supervised the planning and strategic conduct of the Kosovo Air Campaign and subsequent occupation of Kosovo. On 16-17 January 2002, the Secretary of Defense directed General Tommy Franks to meet with Macgregor to discuss his concept for the attack to seize Baghdad. Though modified Macgregors offensive concept was largely adopted. Macgregors concepts from his groundbreaking books on military transformation, Breaking the Phalanx (1997) and Transformation under Fire (2003) continue to exert influence inside the worlds militaries. His books are available in Chinese, Korean and Hebrew, as well as English. The French and Russian Armies have adopted the essential features of his force design. Macgregor holds a PhD in international relations from the University of Virginia.