CHICAGO STYLE ARCHITECTURE

How it became the nations architectural image

THE GREAT CITY OF CHICAGO Before 1871

Its architecture strongly resembled the European Style. There wasnt really a American Style of architecture.

THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE OCTOBER 8-10 1871

Destroying 18,000 buildings , killing nearly 300 people, and leaving 100,000 homeless.

DAMAGE

The "Burnt District," nearly four miles long and almost a mile wide, included most of the central business district and many residential areas

CHICAGO RISES FROM THE ASHES

Reconstruction began almost instantly after the fire. Giving the city a chance to start again. Between 1872 and 1879 more than ten thousand construction permits were issued. With reconstruction came the need for architects, and many responded.

CHICAGO SCHOOL

1875-1910 response to . the Chicago fire.

The school focused on mainly commercial buildings

Used modern technology to replace load-bearing walls with steal frame construction
Also known for the modern skyscraper, as well as the Chicago window

Concepts regarding light and space, as well as emphasis on height . Form Follows Function

THE CHICAGO SCHOOL ARCHITECTS

William Le Baron Jenney Louis Sullivan Dankmar Adler Frank Lloyd Wright John Wellborn Root Daniel Hudson Burnham

NEW TECHNOLOGY

Steal Frame

Large plate glass

Terracotta

Tube System

Elevators

CHICAGO ARCHITECTURE

Italianatealso very ornamental in design; notice arched doors and windows

Romanesque designa style involving massive walls and arched doors and windows,

Art Decomarked by unbroken vertical lines and other geometric features, popular in the 1930s

Beaux-Artsa highly decorative style that copied the classical architecture of the Greeks and Romans

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How does this Radical Architecture break away from European traditions and create a Modern Style that is uniquely American?

GUIDING QUESTIONS

Throughout the presentation ask yourself why architecture is more than just buildings? THINK DEEP
Try to witness how every part of a building serves its overall purpose, and how the buildings truly represent the architects that created them? How would changing the architecture of a city also change the society in the process?

LOUIS SULLIVAN

Showed nature through architecture

The father of the skyscraper

Form Follows Function

ORNAMENTATION

ADLER AND SULLIVAN BUILDINGS

Auditorium Building (188 1890)

Jewelers building 1881

Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co 1898

James Charnley House 1892

original

FRANK LLOYD

UNIQUE

Overall Emotion

Prairie Style
Purpose Details

PRAIRIE STYLE

Usonian homes Natural cooling and natural light windows

Strong visual connection between the outside and the inside.

Flat roofs, solar heating, and floor heating

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Stripped away all exterior ornamentation.

More window then wall

Originated in Germany in 1930s. In Chicago it went from the 1940s-1970s

Known also as the Second Chicago School Concept: Less is moreLudwig Mies van der Rohe

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ARCHITECTS

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Illinois Institute of technology) Fazlur Klan (engineer, System of framed tubes)

SYSTEM OF FRAMED TUBES

John Hancock Prairie Style 1969

DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building 1963