B.E.

(Chemical) 2006 ChE 05012 Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design

1. We plan to replace our present mixed flow reactor with one having double the volume. For the same aqueous feed (15 mol A/ liter) and the same feed rate fine the new conversion. The reaction kinetics are represented by A R, -rA = kCA2 and present conversion is 80 %.

AR

CAO1 = CAO2 = 15 mol/lit V1 = v, V2 = 2v, For M.F.R (1), xA1 = 0.8 xA2 = ?

m1 =

C AO x A 1 C AO x A 1 = 2 rA kC 2 AO (1 x A 1 )

C AO x A 1 v1 = 2 v0 kC 2 AO (1 x A 1 ) kC AO v 1 xA = = 20 v0 (1 x A ) 2

For M.F.R (2),

m2 =

C AO x A 2 rA

C AO x A 2
2 kC 2 AO (1 x A1 )

x A2 kCAOv2 = v0 (1 x A ) 2 2kC AO v1 x A2 = v0 (1 x A 2 ) 2 40 = xA 2 (1 xA 2 ) 2

40 (1-2xA2 +xA22) = XA2 40 80 xA2 +40xA22 = XA2 40xA2 81 xA2 + 40 = 0 xA2 = 0.85 k1 = 0.5 2. The homogeneous gas decomposition of phosphine 4 PH3 (g) P4 (g) + 6 H2 proceeds at 650C with the first-order rate rPH3 = (12hr-12) CPH3. What size of plug flow reactor operating at 650C and 450 kPa can produce 80 % conversion of a feed consisting of 40 mol 80% phosphine per hour?

PH3 = A, R = P4, S = H2 4A R +6s -rA = 10CA The volume of plug flow reactor,

v=

F kC AO

1 A x A (1 + A ) ln 1 xA

FAO = 40 mol/hr, k = 10, CAO = PAO/RT = 60 mol/m3

A = 74 = 0.75, x A = 0.8 4

 vol of reactor =

400 1 (1 + 0.75) ln 0.7(0.8) 10(60) 0 .2

= 0.148 m3 = 148 lit

3. Substance A in a liquid reacts to produce R and S as follows:

The feed (CAO = 1.0 , CRO = 0, CSO = 0.3) enters two mixed flow reactors in series, (

1 = 2.5 min, 2 = 10 min). Knowing the composition in the first reactor ( CA1 = 0.4,
CR1 = 0.2, CS1 = 0.7), find the composition leaving the second reactor.

For reactor (1), For component R, 1 =

C RO C R1 rR
0. 2 k1C 2 A

2 .5 =

k 1 = 0 .5

4. Consider the following elementary reactions:

A + B R, R + B S

k1

k2

(a) One mole A and 3 mol B are rapidly mixed together. The reaction is very slow, allowing analysis of compositions at various times. When 2.2 moles B remain unreacted, 0.2 mole S is present in the mixture. What should be the composition of the mixture (A, B, R and S) when the amount of S present is 0.6 mol? (b) One mole of A is added bit by bit with constant stirring to 1 mole B. Left overnight and then analyzed, 0.5 mole S is found. What can we say about k2/k1? (c) One mole A and 1 mol B are thrown together and mixed in a flask. The reaction is very rapid and goes to completion before any rate measurements can be made. On analysis of the products of reaction 0.25 mole S is found to be present. What can we say about k2/k1?

From Fig (4.13), at

k B S = 0.8, = 0.2, 2 = 0.8 A0 k1 A0

When present mole of S = 0.6 mol, A, B, R, S =?

k Same reaction, same 2 k1

From Fig.(4.13), at k 2 = 0.8, S = 0.6 R = 0.3
k1 A0 R0

mole of R = 0.3

B = 1. 5 A 0
mole of consumed B = 1.5

XA = 1- CA/CAO = CA/CAO = 0.1

mole of A = 0.1 mole

(b) mole of A0 = 1 mole of B0 = 1 present mole of S = 0.5 mole

we can't say about

k2 k1

(c) mole of A0 = 1 mole of B0 = 1 mole of consumed B =

B 0 1 = =1 A0 1

(Q goes to completion)

present mole of S = 0.25 mole

S = 0.25 A 0

From Fig (4.13) at

1 A + B R 2 R + B S

B S = 1& = 0.25 A 0 A0

k2 = 0.5 k1

mole of A0 = 1 mole of B0 = 1 unreacted mole of B = 2.2 mole of B (consumed) = B = 3-2.2 = 0.8 mole present mole of S = 0.2 mole

5. A homogeneous first-order reversible aqueous phase reaction A R

k2 k1

is to be carried out in a plug flow reactor. Using the optimal temperature progression in the plug flow reactor, calculate the space time and the volume of the reactor for a feed rate of FA0 = 1000 mol A/min (CA0 = 1 mol/ liter) and a conversion of 60%. Data: k1 = exp(17.2 11600/RT) , min-1 k2 = exp (41.9 29600/RT), min-1 R = 1.987 cal/mol-K

6. Using a color indicator which shows when the concentration of A falls below 0.1 mol/ liter, the following scheme is devised to explore the kinetics of the decomposition of A. A feed of 0.6 mol A/ liter is introduced into the first of the two mixed flow reactors in series, each having a volume of 400 cm3. The color change occurs in the first reactor for a steady-state feed rate of 10cm3/min, and in the second reactor for a steady-state feed rate of 50cm3/min. Find the rate equation for the decomposition of A from this information.

For 1st condition of M.F.R (1),

= C A0 C A rA

v 0.6 0.1 = v0 kC n A
400 0 .5 = 10 k ( 0 . 1) n

k (0.1) n = 0.0125 For 2nd condition

----------------------------

(1)

For M.F.R (1),

1 =

C A 0 C A1 kC n A1

400 0.6 C A1 = 50 kC n A1

_____________

(2)

8k (0.1) n = C A1 0.1 Eq (1) in (3) CA1 = 0.2 mol/lit From Eq (2) k(0.2)n = 0.05 n=2
k = 1.25

________________________

(3)

The rate equation is rA = 1.25 CA2