Nonmetals and Metalloids

Chapter 1, Section 4
What is a Nonmetal?
 Nonmetals- elements that lack most of the
properties of metals
 Positioned to the right of the zigzag line in the
periodic table
 Common elements and extremely important
to all living things
Nonmetals
Physical Chemical Compounds of
Properties Properties Nonmetals

Many are gases  Most

  When
at room temp. nonmetals nonmetals
 low boiling readily form and metals
point compounds react,
 Physical  Group 18 electrons
properties of elements rarely move from
nonmetals are the metal
form bonds atom to the
opposite to with other
those of metals-
nonmetal
atoms atoms
dull, brittle, not
malleable, not  Diatomic
ductile molecules-
molecules
 Low density that contain
 Poor conductors only two
atoms
Families of Nonmetals
The Carbon Family
 Group 14- the carbon family
 Carbon is only nonmetal in group

 All living things contain carbon compounds

Nitrogen Family
 Group 15, the Nitrogen Family
 Air almost 80% Nitrogen

 What form of Nitrogen is unreactive?

The Oxygen Family
 Group 16, the oxygen family
 Oxygen gas is a diatomic molecule

 Oxygen can be a triatomic molecule (ozone)

 O2 is very reactive

 Sulfur also a nonmetal

Halogen Family
 Group 17: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,
astatine
 Nearly all are nonmetals

 All halogen are very reactive, most dangerous

Noble Gases
 Group 18: Noble gases
 Do not ordinarily form compounds with other
elements
 Chemically very stable and unreactive

 Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

 hydrogen
 Simplest element- contains 1 proton and one
electron
 Not grouped in a family

Metalloids
 Seven elements between metals and
nonmetals
 Varying ability to conduct electricity
depending on temperature, light, and small
impurities
 Semiconductors- substances that under some
conditions can conduct electricity while