DOCTRINE SEPARATION OF POWERS

Malaysian Government practice Doctrine Separation of Po ers! Montes"#ie $as propose% a strict application of t$is %octrine in &'Esprit Des &ois ()*+,-. $ere/y to effectively safe0#ar%e% t$e li/erties it$ separate or0ans of 0overnment namely &e0islative. E1ec#tive an% 2#%icial F#nction of t$e 0overnment /et een separate in%epen%ent person an% /o%ies! No s#c$ or0ans are allo e% to f#nction more t$an one f#nction of /o%ies of 0overnment! 3#t in Malaysia e %i% not follo t$is strict application %#e to t$e #se of Westminster Parliamentary system $ere/y t$ere are overlaps /et een &e0islat#re an% E1ec#tive. 2#%iciary an% &e0islative an% E1ec#tive an% 2#%iciary! Accor%in0 to t$e ot$er commentator Ma%ison an American sc$olar. no or0an of 0overnment m#st $ave t$e $ole po er of anot$er or0an veste% in it nor o/tain control over anot$er or0an! 3#t $ere necessary one /ranc$ s$o#l% /e allo e% to e1ercise part of po er of anot$er /ranc$! 4o ever t$is e1tension of po ers s$o#l% /e controlle% an% s#pervise /y t$e /o%y of $ic$ t$e po er vali%ly /elon0s! T$e #sa0e of Ca/inet Government system in Malaysia %#e to Westminster Parliamentary system allo s t$e mem/ers of &e0islative to /e mem/ers of E1ec#tive! 5DPA $o act as $ea% of State an% also $ea% of E1ec#tive /y t$e virt#e of Art +6 ()- (a- ill elect Prime Minister $o is 4ea% of Government from mem/ers of 4o#se of Representative $o in $is vie is li7ely to comman% ma8ority confi%ent of t$at $o#se! In a%%ition t$e appointment of +9 mem/ers of le0islative from 4o#se of Senate is appointe% /y 5DPA as provi%e% in Art +: ()- (/-! F#rt$ermore mem/ers of ca/inet $o is 7no n as Jemaah Menteri as appointe% /y 5DPA it$ a%vice of Prime Minister. from mem/ers of &e0islative eit$er from 4o#se of Representative or 4o#se of Senate. as provi%e% in article +6 (;- (/T$#s t$is $as ma%e t$e ca/inet to /e collectively responsi/le. acco#nta/le an% ans era/le to t$e mem/ers of representative %#rin0 "#estion time an% %e/ate time of t$e motion as provi%e% in Art +6 (6- of Fe%eral Constit#tion! E1ec#tive can propose% 3ill to t$e parliament. most li7ely t$is /ill ill /e approve% since mem/ers of le0islative are mostly compose of same parties as mem/ers of e1ec#tive! 4o ever &e0islative can re8ect t$e /ill presente% /y E1ec#tive if it %oes not satisfie% t$eir nee% an% a0ainst t$eir vie s! Even t$o#0$ E1ec#tive may seems to $ave control #pon &e0islative /#t &e0islative may cast a vote of no confi%ence to ar%s t$e Government (E1ec#tive- if t$ey mis#se% t$eir po er!

2#%iciary is a separate or0an from t$e &e0islat#re an% t$e E1ec#tive. %#e to t$e fact t$at t$ere is no seat for t$e 8#%0es in t$e Parliament! Even t$o#0$t t$e &or% C$ancellor in t$e Westminster System in En0lan% is also part of t$e Parliament. /#t t$en in Malaysia t$e 2#%iciary is not involve% in t$e &e0islatin0 Process! T$e &e0islat#re $as no control over t$e appointment an% t$e removal of t$e 8#%0es! T$e 8#%0es also $as no %irect control over t$e &e0islat#re! F#rt$ermore. t$e 2#%iciary cannot "#estion t$e vali%ity of any procee%in0 in eit$er 4o#se of Parliament accor%in0 to Article <6 of t$e Fe%eral Constit#tion! In t$e same time. accor%in0 to Article );* of t$e Fe%eral Constit#tion. t$e Parliament cannot %isc#ss t$e con%#ct of a 8#%0e. accept /y a motion in t$e Parliament. 0iven t$at not less t$an t$en "#arter of t$e total mem/er of t$e 4o#se a0ree on t$e motion! 4o ever. t$ere are some relations$ip /et een t$e &e0islat#re an% t$e 2#%iciary! T$e 2#%iciary can %eclare t$at any la t$at as passe% /y t$e Parliament to /e voi% if t$e la are inconsistence it$ t$e Fe%eral Constit#tion! 4o ever t$e effect of t$e co#rt's %ecision may /e altere% /y t$e Parliament! T$e 2#%iciary is ass#me to $as le0islative role /eca#se of t$e application of stare %ecisis $ere/y it is t$e %#ty of t$e 8#%0es to apply an% interpret t$e la as enacte% /y t$e Parliament an% in%irectly. t$e 8#%0es are also ma7in0 t$e la ! T$e E1ec#tive an% t$e 2#%iciary are t o separate or0ans. /eca#se t$e 8#%0es are not "#alifie% to /e a Mem/er of t$e E1ec#tive /o%y! 3#t t$e E1ec#tive $ave %ominance role in appointin0 t$e 8#%0es accor%in0 to Article );;3. an% also $ave t$e po er to remove t$e 8#%0es accor%in0 to article );: (6- of t$e Fe%eral Constit#tion! 3#t t$en a0ain. once t$ey are appointe% t$e 8#%0es are in%epen%ent to perform t$eir %#ties! F#rt$ermore it$ t$e esta/lis$ment of t$e tri/#nals t$e E1ec#tive is traine% to con%#ct a %#ty of 2#%icator! T$erefore t$ey are 7no n as "#asi= 8#%icial! In concl#sion Malaysia practice Doctrine of Separation of Po er. /#t it is not strictly applie% accor%in0 to $at Montes"#ie sai%! 3#t e %o practice t$e Doctrine of t$e Separation of Po er accor%in0 to Ma%ison interpretation! Accor%in0 to Ma%ison. no or0an of t$e 0overnment m#st $ave t$e $ole po er of anot$er or0an veste% in it nor o/tain control over anot$er or0an! 3#t $enever necessary. one /ranc$ s$o#l% /e allo e% to e1ercise part of t$e po er of t$e ot$er /ranc$! T$is e1tension of po er s$o#l%. $o ever /e s#/8ecte% #n%er t$e control an% s#pervision of t$e /ranc$ $ic$ t$e po er vali%ly /elon0s to! Matters m#st /e so %esi0ne% t$at eac$ /ranc$ operates so as t$e c$ec7 an%

/alance to t$e ot$er! W$ile essentially separate%. eac$ /ranc$ m#st /e connecte% to t$e ot$er /ranc$es /y a system of c$ec7 an% /alance! T$is c$ec7 an% /alance ill $elp to overcome t$e mis#se of po ers effectively! T$is also ill ma7e t$e 0overnment to 0overn t$e state easier since t$e E1ec#tive $as control #pon t$e &e0islat#re! From t$e t$ree /ranc$es. t$e E1ec#tive is t$e most po erf#l or0an. /#t still it is s#/8ect to control an% c$ec7 /y t$e ot$er or0ans!