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0. GENERAL
0.1. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.5. RECORD OF REVISIONS ...............................................................................2 DISTRIBUTION LIST.....................................................................................4 EFFECTIVE PAGES .......................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................................6 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .......................................................................... 10
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RETAIN THIS SHEET UNTIL REPLACED WITH NEW ISSUE 77, Nicolae Caranfil St, Bucharest office@medallionair.ro 0212321102
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LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTION RCAA Accountable Manager Quality Assurance Manager Flight Safety Officer Flight Operations Director Training Manager Chief Pilot (MD 80) Cabin Crew Manager Cabin Crew YR-HBB YR-HBE
DATE
REMARK
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BARO BAT B/C BFE BITE BLND BRG BRT BRK BRNAV C CAA CAPT CAT CAT II CAT III CB C/B C/C CCOM CCQ CCM CDL CIDS CEET CEM C/L CM CM/CAM CM 1/2 CMD CML C02 COM CP CPL CRM CRS CSS CTA CTR CVR
Barometric Battery Business Class Buyer Furnished Equipment Built In Test Equipment Blind Passenger Bearing Bright Brake Basic Area Navigation Celsius, Centigrade Civil Aviation Authority Captain Clear Air Turbulence Category II All weather operation Category III All weather operation Cumulonimbus Circuit Breaker Cabin Crew Cabin Crew Operating Manual Cross Crew Qualification Cabin Crew Member Cabin Discrepancy Log Cabin Intercom Data System Cabin Emergency Evacuation Manual Company Emergency Manual Check List Crew Member Cabin Crew Manual/Cabin Att. Manual Crew Member 1 (LH)/2 (RH) Command Cabin Maintenance Log Carbon Dioxide Communications/Equipment Critical Point (ETOPS) Commercial Pilot License Crew Resource Management Course Cockpit System Simulator Control Area Centre Cockpit Voice Recorder
Air Traffic Management Airline Transport Pilot License Air Traffic Services Air Traffic Services Unit Attitude Animals in Hold All Weather Operations Airway Crash Axe
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Degree Demonstration Department Deportee Unaccompanied Destination Director Flight Operations Dangerous Goods Regulations Dead Heading Crew Dimming Document Cargo Documents European Aviation Safety Agency European Civil Aviation Conference Economic Estimated Fuel On Board Electrical Elevator, Elevation Entry Level Training Emergency Locator Transmitter Emergency Engine Engineering Engine Out Estimated Estimated Time of Arrival Estimated Time of Departure Extended Twin Engine Operations European Union Operations Exit Point (ETOPS) External Evacuation Fahrenheit First Aid Firs Aid kit Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Regulations Flight Crew Flight Crew Licensing Flight Crew Operating Manual Flight Crew Training Manual Flight Control Unit Flight Director Flight Duty Period Flight Duty Regulations Flight Level Flash Light Flight Flight Manual Flight Management System
F/O FOB FOM FOQA FOX F-PLN FSM ft, FT FTL FU FWD g,G GA GEN GENDEC GMT GND GRN GPU GS GW H HDG HF Hg HP HYD Hz IAS IATA ICAO ID IDENT IEM in, IN INAD INFO INOP INT IOE ISA ISO JAR kg, KG kHz km, KM
First Officer Fuel On Board Flight Operations Manual Flight Operations Quality Assurance First Aid Oxygen Bottle Flight Plan Flight Safety Manual Foot (Feet) Flight Time Limitation Fuel Used Forward Gram Go Around Generator General Declaration Greenwich Mean Time Ground Ground Ground Power Unit Ground Speed Gross Weight Hour Heading Human Factors Mercury High Pressure Hydraulic Hertz (cycles per second) Indicated Air Speed International Air Transport Association
International Civil Aviation Organization
Inch(es) Inadmissible Information Inoperative Interphone Initial Operating Experience International Standard Atmosphere International Standard Organization Joint Aviation Regulations kilogram kilohertz kilometer
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Briefing Button Cabin Crew Cabin Crew Manual Cabin Pressure Cancel Captain/Commander
Children Class Clearance Cleaning Cockpit Commercial Air Transportation Commercial Air Transport Operation Container Co-pilot
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Crew seat (Jumpseat) Critical Phase of Flight Crowd Control Cruising Level Cushion Dangerous Goods
Data log Day Stop Deadhead Crew Member Declaration Defroster De-fueling De-ice Departure Deportee
Destination Delay Disabled Disruptive/Unruly Passengers Distress Phase Divert Duty Free Goods Duty Time Emergency Emergency Exit Emergency Light
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Female First Officer First Aid First Aid Kit First Aid Oxygen
Flight Time
Flight Recorder Follow me car Galley Gate General Aviation Operation Greenwich Time (GMT) Ground Power Ground time Handling Harness
Hot Meal
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Nose Gear Oraj Operator Operational Control Overbook Overload Overtime Passenger Passenger Manifest Passenger Pilot-in-Command Pre-boarding
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Schedule Slide Raft State of Registry Supplemental Oxygen Survival Spoiler Stairway Stand By Synthetic Flight Trainer
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Taxi Ticket Touch-down Transit Lounge Unaccompanied Minor Unit Waste Box Wheelchair Wheelchair Pax
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B. THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE MANAGEMENT ARE: 1. Determination of the operator's flight safety policy; 2. Allocation of responsibilities, duties, and issuing instructions to individuals, sufficient for implementation of Medallion Air policy and the maintenance of safety standards. 3. Monitoring of flight safety standards; 4. Recording and analysis of any deviations from Medallion Airlines standards in respect to "Passenger Comfort, Timetable Efficiency and Economy" and ensuring corrective action; 5. Evaluating the safety record of the MEDALLION AIR Airlines in order to avoid the development of undesirable trends; 6. Quality Assurance; 7. Liaison with the Authority.
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1.3.4. GROUND OPERATIONS MANAGER The Ground Operations Manager is the nominated post holder acceptable to the Authority responsible for the ground operations. He is appointed by, and reports to the Accountable Manager. He is responsible for the safe, secure and economical conduct of all activities regarding the organization of ground handling activities for the airline. In particular, he ensures in cooperation with other company divisions and external enterprises, passengers, cargo and aircraft handling and dispatch. He makes sure that all the Stations Managers and subcontracted services, especially de/anti-icing services, undertake all required measures for the security of the passengers and then aircraft. 1.3.5. TECHNICAL MANAGER The Technical Manager is the nominated post holder acceptable to the Authority responsible for the maintenance system. He is appointed by and reports to the Accountable Manager. He is responsible for the definition, development and implementation of the maintenance procedures in accordance with the maintenance policy. He is responsible for the airworthiness of each aircraft. To ensure the functioning of the Quality System within the Maintenance Department, the Technical Manager is responsible for monitoring and ensuring that the entire maintenance system is being conducted in accordance with and conforms to EU-OPS 1 Subpart M, EU 145 and procedures approved by the Authority. He defines the whole system of maintaining or regaining the airworthiness of the MEDALLION AIR airplanes which includes: - Carrying out pre-flight checks, - Rectification to an approved standard of any defect and damage affecting safety, - Implementation of any operational or airworthiness directive, and any other airworthiness requirement made mandatory by the Authority, - Making modifications in accordance with approved standards. 1.3.6. FLIGHT SAFETY MANAGER (EU-OPS 1.037) The Flight Safety Manager is responsible for the implementation and control of the Accident Prevention and Flight Safety Program. He should aim to create awareness and understanding of accident prevention methods throughout the organization. He conducts investigation into, and reports on any accident, incident or occurrence involving a company airplane and liaises with the Authority if necessary. Having discovered, identified and assessed hazards, the Flight Safety Manager should make recommendations to eliminate them. He should keep management and pilots informed of safety trends and problems within the organization and within the industry. He circulates safety data, information concerning the experiences of other relevant safety information. He reports directly to the Accountable Manager on safety matters and is free to make recommendations to any manager within the organization if he considers it necessary in the interests of flight safety. To be effective, the Flight Safety Manager must be given full and visible support by all management and supervisory personnel. He shall regularly report about his function to the Quality Manager and to the Authority to guarantee the maintenance of flight operational safety. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 6 May 2010
1.5.1. COMMANDER The Commander has the full authority: - As to the execution of his flight with regard to aircraft operation and safety; - Over all crew members while on duty and off duty when away from home base; - Over his passengers during flight, from closing until opening of cabin doors. The Commander has the authority and responsibility to declare an emergency situation whenever deemed necessary. While executing his emergency authority, the Commander shall keep the proper control station informed regarding the progress of the flight and actions taken. The Commander is responsible for: - The safety of his airplane, proper servicing and continuous airworthiness of it while executing the flight within the instructions and limitations of the relevant OM/AOM chapters; - The safe and efficient operations during flight in accordance with the company operating policy and common practices of good airmanship; - The safety of passengers and crew, as well as the safety and safeguard of the load on board; - The discipline and order on board during the flight. To maintain safety and good order, the Commander may temporally remove a crew member from his/her duty or off the airplane. If deemed necessary, the Commander may refuse passengers for onward transportation if after several requests they still do not follow the given orders. Persons obviously intoxicated with alcohol, or narcotics shall be refused. 1.5.2. CO-PILOT The co-pilot shall: - Act as the Commander's deputy upon delegation or in the latest absence; - Act as the main assistant of the Commander and as a monitoring crew member during all phases of flight; - Act as Commander in case of Commander's incapacitation. 1.5.3. CABIN CREW MEMBERS A cabin crew member is responsible for the proper execution of his duties specified in the job description, instructions and procedures laid down in the Cabin Crew Manual. A crew member is responsible for ensuring he is in possession of a valid and properly rated licenses, appropriate to his assigned function at all times when engaged upon flight duties. A crew member shall immediately inform Cabin Crew Manager when getting/renewing his license, special qualifications, medical certificate and produce the new license/certificate for a physical check and appropriate recording. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 9 May 2010
1.5.4. SUCCESSION OF COMMAND see chapter 4, 4.11.2, page 14 In special cases of cabin crew irregularities away from home base (e.g. sudden illness of Senior cabin crew), the next suitable qualified cabin crew may act as Senior cabin crew in the event of the nominated Senior cabin crew becoming unable to operate. The replacement shall take place as follows: - 1st priority: Second Senior cabin crew; - 2nd priority: Experienced cabin crew member.
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1.7.6. REFRESHER TRAINING - (Appendix 1 to EU-OPS 1.1020) Medallion Air will ensure that each cabin crew member who has been absent from all flying duties for more than 6 months and still remains within the period of the previous check required by EU-OPS 1.1025(b)3 completes refresher training specified in the Operations Manual as prescribed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020. Medallion Air shall ensure that when a cabin crew member has not been absent from all flying duties, but has not, during the preceding six months, undertaken duties on a type of airplane as a cabin crew member required by OPS 1.990 (b), before undertaking such duties on that type, the cabin crew member must either: 1. completes refresher training on the type; 2. operates two re-familiarization sectors during commercial operations on the type. A cabin crew member must complete a refresher-training course after a period of absence from all flying duties for more than six months. Refresher training is only applicable for a period of six months absence from duty ending with the expiry of the previous check. Refresher training includes the following as a minimum: - Emergency procedures including pilot incapacitation; - Evacuation procedures including crowd control techniques; - Operation and actual opening of all normal and emergency exits for passenger evacuation in an aircraft or in a representative training device; - Demonstration of the operation of all other exits; - Location and handling of emergency equipment, including oxygen systems, and the donning of lifejackets, portable oxygen and Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE). Refresher training will be organized by the Training Department. 1.7.7. CHECKING EU-OPS 1.1025 At the discretion of the Authority, the Authority, the operator or the approved training organization providing the training course shall ensure that during or following completion of the training required by OPS 1.1005, 1.1010, 1.1015 and 1.1020, each cabin crew member undergoes a check covering the training received in order to verify his/her proficiency in carrying out normal and emergency safety duties. At the discretion of the Authority, the Authority, the operator or the approved training organization providing the training course shall ensure that the personnel performing these checks shall be suitably qualified. Medallion Air will ensure that each cabin crew member undergoes checks as follows: - initial safety training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1005; - conversion and differences training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010; - recurrent training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015 as appropriate; - refresher training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020 1.7.8. CROWD CONTROL Training in the application of crowd control in various emergency situations will include: - communication between flight crew and cabin crew and use of all - communications equipment, including the difficulties of co-ordination in a smokefilled environment, - verbal commands and standard phraseology, - the physical contact that may be needed to encourage passengers out of an exit and onto a slide, - the re-direction of passengers away from unusable exits, - the marshalling of passengers away from the airplane, - the evacuation of disabled passengers, - authority and leadership.
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1.7.10. TRAINING RECORDS EU-OPS 1.1035 Medallion Air will: - maintain records of all training and checking required by OPS 1.1005, 1.1010, 1.1015, 1.1020 and 1.1025; - keep a copy of the attestation of safety training; - keep the training records and records of medical examinations or assessments up to date, showing in the case of the training records the dates and contents of the conversion, differences and recurrent training received; and - make the records of all initial, conversion and recurrent training and checking available, on request, to the cabin crew member concerned. All cabin crew training records are kept by the Crew Training Department.
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FEMALE - Hair: Must be clean, neat, well cared for and dandruff free. Hair styles should be simple, attractive and conventional, complimenting the individual and be conducive to uniformity. Trendy or unkempt styles are unacceptable. It is not acceptable to simply wash your hair and style without drying it properly prior to flight duty. Wet hair, wet look, excessive use of gel or mousse is not acceptable while in uniform. Extreme hair colors or styles are not allowed. Hairpieces: May be worn providing they appear natural and adhere to the hair regulations. They must match natural hair in color and texture and be of a good quality. Long hair must be tied in a knot or braid. It must be secured so as not to fall forward into your face while serving. Braiding may be used as part of a flattering hairstyle such as French Braids, rolled hairstyles, hair braided and secured in a bun. NOTE: Braids twisted around the ears like buns, looped at the sides, pinned over the top of the head, pigtails, extreme bouffant, long, loose styles or any obvious last minute attempt at makeshift hair arrangements are NOT acceptable. - Make-up: A cabin crew can not join a flight or a deadheading without makeup. It must be refreshed regularly during the flight. Extreme makeup colors are not allowed. When properly applied, it allows you to enhance your assets. The most important rule to remember is to keep your makeup natural. It should be compatible with your skin, hair and uniform color. A moisturizer and foundation prior to make-up application will help combat cabin dryness. Make-up is to be applied to achieve a natural, healthy glow. Muted shades of reds, pinks and clear polish are recommended. Colors such as chalk white, blue, etc. any fashion extremes are not acceptable. Lipstick color must be suitable with the uniform. As cabin lighting tends to give one a rather "washed out" look, pale make-up should be avoided. False eyelashes may be worn, however, they are not to be extremely long or thick, and are to be applied proficiently to the natural lash line. Use your utmost discretion when choosing the type of lashes, taking into consideration your natural coloring. When choosing a lipstick or lip gloss for duty flying, thought should be given to its moisturizing and long lasting qualities. Again, the shade you choose should compliment your hair and skin tone, as well as co-ordinate with the color of the uniform and nail polish (if worn). - Hand and nail care. Hands must be well cared and the nails must be buffed or polished. Nail polish colors must compliment the uniform and the lipstick. Extreme colors are not allowed. Muted shades of red, pinks and clear polish are recommended. - Every cabin crew member is responsible for keeping their weight at normal standards. - Undergarments: A bra must be worn when in uniform. - Perfumes/colognes: Are to be used conservatively. Some perfumes can be overpowering in a confined area as the aircraft. Light perfumes appropriate to the skin must be used. MALE - Hair: Hairstyles should be simple, attractive and properly shaped and trimmed on a regular basis. Hair must not fall forward and into your face while serving and should Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 26 May 2010
1.8.6. CIVIL DRESSING Every crew member must take care of her dressing, hair and make up whether they are in uniform or civil dressed at any place where they represent MEDALLION AIR. They must pay attention to dressing clean and tidy. Cabin crew members should not wear extremely striking clothes, mini skirts, shorts, tights overly sportive clothes at the seminars, meetings or courses provided by the company. 1.8.7. CREW BAGGAGE Only personal luggage is considered as crew baggage. It must have the special label for crew members, to be recognizable as Crew Baggage. Stickers on the baggage are not allowed. At no time crew baggage are to be left unattended in a public place. All checked baggage must have a personal identification tag, or a crew tag. Crew tag must contain the following information: full name, home base, flight number and destination. Crew members must not accept for carriage sealed parcels from the third parties. Any package belonging to a crew member shall at all times be carried by the crew member concerned. Each crew member is responsible for the handling and security of his personal baggage. Adherence to the following procedures is required: Keep the bags locked when not used; Maintain security of the entire carry-on bag; Make sure all items in his/her bags are his/her belongings, before leaving the hotel, and have not been tampered with; Keep the bags in view at all times in public areas such as lobbies, restaurants, restrooms, hotel or terminal buildings; Never accept anything for carriage, given by strangers, fellow employees or acquaintances. Note: Stow all personal belongings upon boarding the aircraft. Such items must not obstruct emergency equipment or aisles. All luggage and purses will be stowed for take-off, turbulence and landing. 1.8.8. DEADHEADING Deadheading Cabin crews are to be done in street clothing. Deadheading Cabin crews are to remain seated and let the Cabin crew working the trip perform their duties. A deadheading Cabin crew will not drink or be served any alcoholic beverage. Appearance standards are to be maintained by deadheading Cabin crews such as hair regulations, make-up, grooming, etc. All deadheading crew members must return on their scheduled deadheading flight. This includes all destinations. 1.8.9. SMOKING A Cabin crew may smoke in uniform when seated in a public dining room or restaurant, or when traveling in a car or while seated in the gate area out of view of passengers. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 27 May 2010
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS A crew member's sickness/illness, his feeling unwell/indisposed or the impairment of his senses and reflexes by narcotics, drugs or pharmaceutical preparations/medicaments have quite often contributed to incidents and accidents. No person may serve as a crew member knowing that he has a physical deficiency or mental condition that would render him unable to meet the requirements of his current medical certificate, to discharge his responsibilities to a safe standard or could endanger the safety of the aircraft or its occupants. Crew members should not undertake flying duties whilst under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, drugs or any medicine that was not approved by the medical department for use for crew members like sleeping tablet. A crew member shall not perform duties on airplane if he is in any doubt of being able to accomplish his assigned duties or if he knows or suspects that he is suffering from fatigue, Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 28 May 2010
1.9.10. PROBLEMATIC USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES The problematic use of psychoactive substances is prohibited. All flight crew members who are identified as engaging in any kind of problematic use of psychoactive substances shall be removed from safety-critical functions. Re-instatement of such person to safety-related duties shall be made gradually, only after healing has been achieved and documented through qualified institution. 1.9.11. CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL Under no circumstances may any crew member consume alcohol in any form within 8 hours of commencing flight duty or standby until the end of the flight duty or standby. Crew members must not commence a flight duty period with a blood alcohol level in excess of 0.2 grams per liter. Crew members while flying deadheading may consume alcohol if civilian clothing is worn and the restrictions as stated above are not affected. As a matter of company policy, crew members in uniform (e.g. after termination of flight duty; dead-heading crew members) will not consume alcoholic beverages where they can be observed by third parties, i.e., the public. Problematic Use of Alcohol The problematic use of alcohol is prohibited. All flight crew members who are identified as engaging in any kind of problematic use of alcohol shall be removed from safety-critical functions. Re-instatement of such person to safety-related duties shall be made gradually, only after healing has been achieved and documented through qualified institution. 1.9.12. VISION Vision Correction All flight crew members who are required by the licensing authorities to wear corrective lenses in order to satisfy visual requirements laid down for granting of licenses, are required to carry a spare pair of spectacles with them on all occasions whilst operating their license. Spectacles, either corrective or anti-glare, when worn by flight crew during flight, should be of a type of frame that allows maximum peripheral vision. The examination for the prescription of a spectacle correction should ideally be carried out by an examiner who is aware of the problems of vision in aviation. Near Vision Correction Where the only correction necessary is for reading, CC should never use full lens spectacles while flying, because the CCs task requires frequent changes from near to distant vision and the latter is blurred by reading glasses. Half moon spectacles or lower segment lenses with a neutral upper segment should be used in these circumstances. Near and Distant Vision Correction Where correction for both near and distant vision is required, bifocal lenses are essential and CCs should discuss with their medical examiner the shape and size most suitable for each segment. Where triple correction is necessary for reading, the instrument panel range and distant vision, then specialist advice is required. Use of Contact Lenses Contact lenses provide better peripheral vision and are not subject to misting. Therefore, many CC are attracted to the idea of wearing them instead of spectacles. But there are a number of problems; among these: - As the cornea does not have its own blood supply, it obtains its oxygen from the ambient air. Mild hypoxia and dehydration, caused by low humidity in the flight deck, increase the potential for cornea damage when using contact lenses; - Cabin decompression may result in bubble formation under the contact lenses; - The lens may be dislodged by careless rubbing of the eyes, an accidental knock or increased G forces. The use of the contact lenses by crew members is permitted only under authorized medical supervision. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 32 May 2010
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1.9.18.1. TROPICAL DISEASES Tropical diseases are not confined entirely to the tropics but can occur almost anywhere. However, their incidence and frequency are influenced by local factors. Tropical diseases are mainly transmitted in the following ways: - Through insect stings or bites; - Through healthy skin by other parasites; - Through food and drink; - From the ground; - Person to person. 1. Following insects transmit disease: - Mosquitoes - transmit malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever - Tsetse fly - (Central Africa) transmit sleeping sickness - Lice - transmit typhus, relapsing fever, spotted fever - Rat fleas - transmit plague - Protective measures against insects: - Sleeping quarters should be free of insects. Use mosquito nets over beds. Nets should be taut and should not come in contact with body, or use insecticide. Protect the skin by using an insect repellant. 2. Following diseases are contracted through the skin: - Bilharzias - Aquatic snails act as intermediaries. The larvae of worms pass from such snails into the water and on contact with the skin into the human body. - Weil's disease - The germs of this disease are excreted in rat's urine. They can penetrate the skin of bathers. - Fungus diseases - The fungus is present in tropical and sub-tropical inland waters, in shallow rivers and lakes, hardly ever in seawater. Protective measures to avoid contagion through the skin: - Avoid inland water. Bathe only in pool with purified water or in the sea. Use cotton wool earplugs. Wear shoes when walking around the pool. Main Tropical Diseases Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) Causative parasite: Amoebas are due to the ingestion of a unicellular parasite (endameba histolytic). This is followed by an infection of the intestinal tract. Distribution: Although most prevalent as an endemic disease of tropical and sub-tropical countries unsanitary disposal of excreta and primitive methods of water purification may result in its introduction into temperate zones. Source of infection: Water polluted by infected faces is the commonest source of infection, hence the prophylactic importance of safe drinking water. Other sources of infection are, foods grown on soils mannered by infected excreta, flies and food handlers. Clinical features: The disease is characterized by an insidious onset, frequent febrile relapses and a tendency to chronic. Diarrhea is the outstanding symptom, but it may be absent. There is abdominal pain with blood and mucus in the stools. Complications: - Inflammation of the liver; - Liver abscesses; - Inflammation of the gall bladder and bile ducts. Treatment: Consists in rest, diet and a course of therapy that varies with the type of case. Prophylaxis: No vaccination or inoculation is available, nor is there any chemical prophylaxis such as is that used to prevent malaria. General hygiene measures.
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1.10. FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS & REST REQUIREMENTS (OM CHAPTER 7)
This chapter is developed by MEDALLION AIR in accordance with the rules and regulations of RCAA. This section presents "Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements" in accordance with RCAA requirements, but MEDALLION AIR can adapt the roistering of their aircrew in another way provided it guarantees that fatigue will not endanger the safety of any flight. Terms of reference 1.10.1. MAIN BASE Any station whereby crew are staying in their own accommodation on a permanent basis. Main base may be at any domestic or foreign station. 1.10.2. TEMPORARY BASE Any station where crews are based on a temporary basis. - The company will provide accommodation at these temporary bases. - Crew will start duty at this station and return to the same station. - Temporary bases may be at any domestic or foreign stations. 1.10.3. RESERVE DUTY Reserve (standby) period is the period while a crewmember is available for the flight on the operator request. Standby can be performed at the airport or at the hotel / home base. During standby period at the airport, the crewmember will be provided with a quiet room and rest facilities that are not accessible to the public. Volunteered reserve period will not be considered as working time. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 37 May 2010
1.10.4. WORKING TIME Working Time means any period during which a crewmember is working at the employer disposal and carrying out his activity or duties, in accordance with applicable national laws and requirements. Working Time Limits: The maximum working time is 60 hours in 7 consecutive days. The maximum working time is 190 hours in 28 consecutive days. The maximum annual working time is 2000 hours. The maximum annual working time shall be spread as evenly as practicable throughout the year. Other duties considered as working time: Positioning period Reserve period spent at the airport Reserve period spent at the hotel/home base, if followed by a flight duty period. 50% of reserve period spent at the hotel/home base, if not followed by a flight duty period 1.10.5. POSITIONING Positioning period is the time spent by a crewmember on board of an aircraft in order to be assigned to a flight from an airport, other than the airport where the preceding flight duty period has ended, without performing any duty. The positioning may be accomplished with any other transportation means. If it is immediately followed by a flight duty period, positioning period will be included in the flight duty period, without being considered as a sector. If an operational sector is immediately followed by a positioning sector, the positioning sector will be considered in determining the minimum rest time. 1.10.6. FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD The flight duty period is a continuous period that begins when a crewmember reports for duty at the working place, according to the established schedule, for the purpose of executing a mission and ends when he has completed all his duties in connection with the aircraft or with the mission performed. According to MEDALLION AIR regulations, flight duty period starts not later than 1.00 hours before the scheduled time of departure and ends 20 minutes after the completion of the final flight on which the crewmember is an operating crewmember. Other duties considered as flight duty period: The time spent in flight simulator training The positioning time, if it is immediately followed by a flight duty period. The time that is needed for reaching the airport by transportation means provided by Medallion Air, or, if this not the case, by own transportation means or by public transport. Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 38 May 2010
Maximum planned flight duty periods (as given in table 1) are limited by the positioning time if no rest time is granted after positioning. For occasional operational needs, maximum flight duty period may be extended up to one hour provided these extensions not occur more than two times per seven consecutive days. For any 7 consecutive days, there shall not be more than 2 extensions of the flight duty periods. 1.10.7. EXTENSION OF FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD Using Augmented Crew Augmented Flight crew: A flight crew which comprises more than the minimum number required for the operation of the airplane and in which each flight crew member can leave his post and be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member. The FDP can be extended, with no regard to the reporting time, using an augmented flight crew, as follows: - Up to 16 hours if every crewmember can leave his post for at least 25% of the total flight time; - Up to 18 hours if every crewmember can leave his post for 50% of the flight time; In addition, the following requirements must be complied with: - The FDP includes no more than 3 sectors; - The crewmembers who leave their posts are provided with comfortable reclining seats for resting during flight; - The minimum rest time following an FDP extended using augmented flight crew is increased with 6 hours Edition 2 Chapter 01 Page 39 May 2010
Extension of the FDP using split duty is subject to the following conditions: The method cannot be applied for the extension of a FDP already extended using augmented flight crew; Suitable accommodation during break is provided to the crew; Flight duty times before and after the break are limited to 10 hours; The extended FDP is limited to 20 hours; After the break only one sector shall be planned; The rest time is extended with 6 hours; 1.10.8. BLOCK TIME Block time is the total time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power or by ground vehicle for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight (off block to on block time). Block Time Limits Maximum annual block time for a crewmember is 900 hours. It will be spread as evenly as practicable throughout the year. 1.10.9. FLIGHT TIME The time between the moment the aircraft commences take off (take off time) until the moment the aircraft touches down after the flight (landing time). 1.10.10. REST PERIOD The rest period is an uninterrupted period of time during which a crewmember is free of all duties, including reserve period, and is provided with rest facilities. Notwithstanding the minimum rest time, MEDALLION AIR will provide each crewmember with an uninterrupted rest period of minimum 36 hours, including two local nights, on every seven consecutive days. A seven-day period starts when a rest period starts. When the aircraft is not operated at home base, MEDALLION AIR will provide suitable accommodation. MEDALLION AIR ensures that his crewmembers receive days free of all duty and standby, planned and notified in advance, as follows: At least 7 days in each calendar month, which may include any free days established by law; At least 96 days in each calendar year, which may include any free days established by law but will not include the minimum paid annual leave Minimum Rest Time Before a flight duty period, a minimum rest time will be granted to each crewmember. At least eight hours of rest between 22.00 06.00 LT will be provided for each crewmember after operating flights that crossed more than three time zones.
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MINIMUM REST PERIOD Before flying from home base 12 12 12 13 hrs hrs hrs hrs Before flying from a different location than home base 10 hrs 11 hrs 12 hrs 13 hrs n/a
MINIMUM REST PERIOD AFTER AN EXTENDED FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD** n/a n/a 16 / 14 hrs * 17 /15 hrs * 18 /16 hrs *
MAXIMUM REDUCED REST PERIOD (PICS DECISION) n/a n/a 12 hrs 13 hrs 14 hrs
n/a
* If minimum rest period before the extended flight duty period was also increased by 2 hours. ** If two consecutive flight duty periods were extended, the sum of the rest periods before and after the first extended flight will not be less than the sum of the two extended flight duty periods. 1.10.11. ANNUAL LEAVE The crewmembers are entitled to paid annual leave of at least 20 working days, in accordance with the rights and conditions established for this category of personnel and in accordance with the applicable laws. The period of paid annual leave not fulfilled cannot be replaced by an allowance in lieu, except where the employment relationship is terminated, according to the law. 1.10.12. RECORDS Records of Flight Duty, Duty and Rest Periods MEDALLION AIR will maintain sufficiently detailed records of crewmembers activities, regarding: Block times Flight duty periods with reference to starting time, ending time and duration Working times per day and per month Rest periods and number of days free of all duty and standby These records will be preserved for at least two years and must be accessible to the crewmembers for consultation or to the inspectors from the RCAA. All crewmembers shall also maintain an individual record, as appropriate, of his: Block times Flight duty periods Working times Rest periods and number of local days free of all duty and standby. MEDALLION AIR will preserve for at least six months all reports concerning exceeding of flight duty time/block time and reduction of rest periods. 1.10.13. EXCEEDANCES OF FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND/OR REDUCTIONS OF REST PERIODS The Commander acting as pilot-in-command has the power to extend duty/flight times according to the regulations within, or reduce rest periods. Any exceeding of the flight and duty time limitations and/or reduction of rest periods shall be reported to the Flight Operations Director using a Pilot's Report form. When such occurrences exceed 1 hour, the Flight Operations Department will send to the RCAA a copy of captains report within the following 28 days, stating the reasons for exceeding, the crewmembers involved and the related actions taken.
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Voyage details Report time Departure Arrival Departure Arrival Departure Arrival Departure Arrival Departure Arrival Arrival FDP ended Break (Split duty) FDP
Route
Commanders Report:
Planned: Max:
Actual: Extension
Signature: Date:
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Note: All times must be recorded as groups of 6 digits, date/time UTC and local. OPERATOR: MEDALLION AIR FLIGHT NO: MDP DATE: Last FDP started at: Last FDP ended at: Minimum applicable rest time: Computed time for starting next: Actual start of next FDP: Rest time has been reduced with: Crewmembers affected A/C TYPE/REGISTRATION: COMMANDER:
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One of the most important aspects of flight safety is that all cabin crew members should be aware that it is vital to communicate, cooperate, and work together as a team, in both routine and emergency situations. Safety regulations are established by RCAA in order to ensure minimum standards. Medallion Air provides each crew member with a manual containing specific company regulations and safety procedures. The cabin crew members should comply with all applicable regulations concerning flight safety and services on board. Phases of Flight BOARDING: Begins when the first passenger enters the aircraft, and ends when all the aircraft doors have been closed. PUSHBACK: Begins when the jet way is removed, and ends when the aircraft is pushed back. TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF: Begins when the engines start, and ends before the takeoff roll. TAKEOFF AND INITIAL CLIMB: Begins when the takeoff roll starts, and ends when the flight crew authorizes the cabin crew to leave their seats. FINAL CLIMB: Begins when the cabin crew is authorized to leave their seats, and ends when seat belt signs are switched off, after climb. CRUISE: Begins when the passengers are authorized to leave their seats, and ends before the aircraft starts to descend. TOP OF DESCENT: Begins when the aircraft starts to descend, and ends before the approach. APPROACH, FINAL APPROACH AND LANDING: Begins at 10 000 ft (approximately 10 minutes before touchdown) and ends when the aircraft leaves the active runway. TAXI AFTER LANDING: Begins when the aircraft leaves the active runway, and ends after the Door Disarming procedure is performed. DISEMBARKATION: Begins when the jet way is positioned, and ends when the last passenger has left the aircraft. AFTER PASSENGER DISEMBARKATION: Begins when all passengers have disembarked, and ends either at the next boarding, or when the cabin crew leaves the aircraft.
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See the attached seating chart of Medallion Air which is issued for each aircraft type and registration. During allocation of seats to passengers the restrictions on the plans should be taken into consideration. Emergency exit (EXIT) seats have to be allocated only for healthy and vigorous looking passengers.
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2.4.1. GENERAL PASSENGER SEATING Passengers have approved-type seats available on board. Each passenger seat is provided with approved "lap" safety belts. 2.4.2. CABIN CREW SEATING Crew Seats are specially designed to ensure maximum safety to the occupant against acceleration/deceleration forces occurring during the various phases of the flight. They are folding type seats kept in the folded position by a spring, in order not to obstruct the egress/evacuation path. As a restraining means, each jump seat is provided with a combined safety belt and shoulder harness. Cabin Crew Seating positions are determined so that they are: Located in the passenger cabin near floor level emergency exits Positioned so that the seat will not interfere with the use of a passageway or exit when seat is not in use and able to provide a good view of the areas of the passenger cabin for which the Cabin Crewmember is responsible. Provide access to the communications system when the Cabin Crewmember is seated. Evenly distributed throughout the cabin.
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2.4.7. COMPANYS POLICY REGARDING EXIT ROW SEATING Only Pre-Selected Passengers should be seated adjacent to over wing exits. The emergency exit row seats must not be assigned to the following category of passengers: Passengers under 18 years old Passengers with reduced mobility, strength, or dexterity in both arms and hands Handicapped passengers (i.e. mentally handicapped, invalid with missing limb, etc.) Passenger with leg in cast Deaf/blind passengers Unaccompanied Minors/Children and Infants, whether or not they are accompanied by an adult Persons whose physical size would prevent them from being able to move quickly (expectant mothers, obese passengers) Elderly and frail passengers Persons in custody and those who are being deported (INADs/Deportees) Passengers traveling with pet Passengers who cannot relay information to others or understand oral crew commands and cannot read or understand the written and graphic instructions provided Passengers who dont wish to help If such passengers have been assigned seats in the emergency exit row SCC shall inform ground staff to assign a new seat to the passenger. 2.4.8. SEAT DUPLICATION Cabin crew should handle the seat duplication in the following manner: Verify boarding documents of both passengers If a discrepancy does exist, notify the Gate Agent with passengers names and indicated seat number, then reseat the passengers accordingly SCC should inform the handling agent that should reseat the passenger in accordance to balance/seating restrictions. If the handling agent is not available, try to find an acceptable solution for both passengers. Adhere to applicable regulatory guidelines In the event that leaving the aircraft is not possible, cabin crew should use an alternate method of communication to inform the agent of seat duplication; i.e., have the flight crew request assistance from an agent. 2.4.9. SEATING LIMITATION (Blocked Seats) Seats may be limited due to: Government restrictions. Aircraft Balance. Payload restrictions. Crew Rest Seat. Extra Crew / Dead Head Crew / Security Officer on board. Number of qualified Cabin Crewmembers on duty. Technical/ aircraft equipment restrictions (unserviceable door/ oxygen mask, etc.)
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For infants no free baggage is allowed. There are two types of baggage: - Checked baggage that is labeled and stowed in the aircraft hold (cargo compartment). - Unchecked baggage/Carry on baggage/Hand baggage that is a baggage carried in the cabin under the passenger's personal custody. All cabin baggage must be weight and labeled at check-in desk. In the aircraft, all cabin baggage must be securely stowed. During passengers boarding Cabin Crewmembers must ensure that: Baggage placed in overhead bins does not prevent doors from being properly closed. The total weight of all baggage placed in an overhead locker do not exceed the maximum weight allowed placarded inside the locker. Baggage does not impede access to emergency equipment or exits. All carry-on baggage is securely stowed. 2.5.2. BAGGAGE LIMITATIONS Carry-on baggage must fit under the passenger seat or in an overhead bin. Any item
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2.6. CO-MAILS
Co-mails are carried in Medallion Air aircrafts. Co-mails are sent in an envelope, if they are too many they are put in to mailbags. Medallion Air carries the co-mails of agencies and tour operators with which they work consistently. Special permission is only required for exceptional loadings. Co-mail process is arranged with CO-MAIL Delivery Form.
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The carriage of live animals in cargo compartments shall take the specific needs of the animals into account. The basic environmental requirements shall be ascertained from all sources available. The temperature range and the oxygen requirements must be matched by the heating and ventilation capacity of the cargo compartment provided. Stowage and loading of animals shall follow the principles outlined in OM PART A. However, following additional guidelines shall be taken into account: - containers shall be stowed in such a manner as to ensure enough space to guarantee sufficient air circulation, - containers shall be accessible, without needing to be offloaded when care of the animal is required on transit stations, in the event of excessive delays, special care according to shipper's instructions shall be taken of the animal(s), - containers shall normally be loaded directly in front of/below air ventilation outlets or internal lighting, - in general, live animals shall not be loaded in close proximity to any other load which may have a negative effect on their well-being or health. The handling staff, by Special Loads Notification, shall inform the commander before departure of live animals, their requirements and their location; the commander briefs the cabin crew on all animals carried in the cabin. The handling staff informs all down-line stations by appropriate messages. All devices used in carnage shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected immediately after unloading. MD-83 FRONT CARGO 3 cats or dogs
If the carriage of cargo in the passenger cabin is necessary, the following precautions must be followed: Dangerous goods are not permitted under any circumstances. The weight of the cargo does not exceed the structural loading limit of the seats and cabin floor. All cargo shall be stowed such that, it will not hinder egress nor impair the cabin crew's view.
Non-cremated human remains shall be contained in hermetically sealed inner coffin of lead or zinc inside a wooden coffin. The wooden coffin may be protected by outer packing and should be covered by canvas or tarpaulins in such a way that the nature of its content is not apparent. Such human remains shall not be loaded in close proximity of food for human or animal consumption or edible materials Note: Mourning ceremonies on the apron should be avoided. The commander, by Special Loads Notification, and the down-line stations shall be informed
The definition of a Dangerous good (Hazardous material) is: A substance or material which has been determined to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce and which has been so designated. Medallion AIR DOES NOT CARRY DANGEROUS GOODS. This chapter is for operation information for air crews and ground personnel to know to recognize and refuse dangerous goods on board. In addition, this chapter is for information for carrying weapons on board.
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Provisions for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew Dangerous goods must not be carried in or as passengers or crew checked or carry-on baggage, except as otherwise provided below. Security type attached cases incorporating dangerous goods, such as lithium batteries or pyrotechnic devices, are totally forbidden. Permitted in or as carry-on baggage Permitted on or as checked baggage Permitted on one's person
YES YES YES YES YES NO NO The approval of the operators required The Pilot-in-Command must be informed of the location NO Alcoholic beverages not exceeding 70% by volume, when packed on receptacles of less than 5 liters. NO Non radioactive medicinal or toilet articles (including aerosols) when the total net quantity of all such articles carried by each passenger or crew member does not exceed 2 kg (4.0 lb.) or 2 liters (2 qt) and the net quantity of each single article does not exceed 0.5 1 (0.5 qt) Hair curlers containing hydrocarbon gas, no more than one per passenger or crewmember, provided that the safety cover is securely fitted over the adding Element. These hair curlers must not be used on board the aircraft at any time. Gas refills for such curlers are not permitted in checked or carry-on baggage. Dry ice in quantities not exceeding 2 kg (4.4 lb.) per passenger when used to pack perishables in carry-on baggage provided the package permits the release of CO2 gas (see Note 2). Safety matches or a lighter intended for use by an individual. However, lighters containing unabsorbed liquid fuel (other man liquefied gas), lighter fuel and lighter refills are not permitted on one's person, or in checked or carry-on baggage. Small CO2 gas cylinders worn by passengers for the operation of medical limbs. Also spare cylinders of a similar size if required to ensure adequate supply for the duration of me journey. Radio isotopic cardiac pacemakers or other devices, including those powered by lithium batteries implanted into a person, or radio-pharmaceutical contained within me body of a person as the result of medical treatment Small gaseous oxygen or air cylinders required for medical use. Securely boxed, cartridges for sporting purposes (in Division 1.4S), in quantities not exceeding 5 kg (11 lb.) gross weight per passenger must not be combined into one or more packages. Wheelchairs or other battery powered mobility devices with non-spillable batteries (see Packing Instructions 800 and Special Provision A67), provided that the battery is disconnected, the battery terminals are insulated to prevent accidental short circuits and the battery is securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility device Wheelchairs or mobility devices with spillable batteries. A mercurial barometer carried by a representative of a government weather bureau or similar official agency (see Note 3). One small CO^ cylinder fitted into a self-inflating life jacket plus one spare cartridge. Heat producing articles such as underwater torches (diving lamps) and soldering irons. Small oxygen generators for personal use. Small medical or clinical thermometer, which contains mercury, for personal use, when in its protective case.
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
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NO YES NO
NO YES YES
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YES NO NO YES
YES YES NO NO NO NO
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Medallion Air shall ensure that, information is provided to enable ground staff to carry out their duties with regard to the transport of dangerous goods, including the actions to be taken in the event of incidents and accidents involving dangerous goods; Where applicable, the information referred to in sub-paragraph (a)(1) above is also provided to his handling agent.
Medallion Air shall ensure that information is promulgated as required by the Technical Instructions so that passengers are warned as to the types of goods which they are forbidden from transporting aboard an airplane; and Medallion Air and the handling agent shall ensure that notices are provided at acceptance points for cargo giving information about the transport of dangerous goods.
Medallion Air shall ensure that information is provided in the Operations Manual to enable crew members to carry out their responsibilities in regard to the transport of dangerous goods, including the actions to be taken in the event of emergencies arising involving dangerous goods.
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2.10.8. PROCEDURES FOR RESPONDING TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OR INCIDENTS INVOLVING DANGEROUS GOODS On the ground If an unknown or suspicious substance is found on or near Medallion Air property, it should not be moved from its original place of discovery. The following procedure should be followed: Do not handle or move the item or substance. Do not allow anyone access to the immediate area where the item is located. Call the appropriate authority and report the finding. Call Medallion Air Dispatch who will notify all appropriate Medallion Air personnel. Have written statements prepared by all parties with any connection to the incident and forward to your manager Medallion Air is not a carrier of hazardous materials, with the exceptions of certain items necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft and the conveyance of passengers. Warning labels have been developed for each category of Hazardous materials. Labels are not necessarily black and white and are approximately 10 centimeters square. Items with such labels are restricted in the passenger cabin. If you notice a package bearing any of these or similar labels being boarded or already in the cabin, notify the Captain or agent immediately. Notice of such circumstances must be followed up by a detailed written report to your immediate supervisor. The hazardous material incident reporting system will investigate the circumstances and correct any and all procedural infractions, During the Flight 1. Notify Pilot in Command - Any accident concerning dangerous goods should be notified immediately to the Commander who should be kept informed of all actions taken and of their effect. It is essential that the cabin crew and the flight crew coordinates their actions and that each be kept fully informed of the other's actions and intentions 2. Identify the Item - Ask the passenger concerned to identify the item and indicate its potential hazards. The passenger may be able to give some guidance on the hazard(s) involved and how these could be dealt with. In Case of Fire Standard emergency procedures must be used to deal with any fire. In general, water should not be used on a spillage or when fumes are present since it may spread the spillage or increase the rate of fuming. Consideration should also be given to the possible presence of electrical components when using water extinguishers. In Case of Spillage or Leakage 3. Collect dangerous goods kit. This contains: - A small broom and a dustpan - A bag of sand - Gloves - Plastic bags If not available, collect for use in dealing with the spillage or leakage: - A supply of paper towels or newspapers or other absorbent paper or absorbent fabric (e.g. seat cushion covers, head rest protectors). - Oven gloves or fire -resistant gloves, if available. - At least two large polyethylene waste bin bags - At least three smaller polyethylene bags, such as those used for duty-free or bar sales or, if none available, airsickness bags
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2.10.10. REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATION Medallion shall ensure that: Any contamination found as a result of the leakage or damage of dangerous goods is removed without delay; and An airplane which has been contaminated by radioactive materials is immediately taken out of service and not returned until the radiation level at any accessible surface and the nonfixed contamination are not more than the values specified in the Technical Instructions.
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2.10.11. DANGEROUS GOODS REPORTING (ref to EU-OPS 1.1225) 2.10.11.1. DANGEROUS GOODS ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS REPORT Medallion Air must report dangerous goods incidents and accidents to the appropriate authority of the State in which the accidents or incidents occurred, as required by that authority. An initial report shall be dispatched within 72 hours of the occurrence unless exceptional circumstances prevent this. 1. Any type of dangerous goods incident or accident should be reported, irrespective of whether the dangerous goods are contained in cargo, mail, passengers' baggage or crew baggage. 2. Carriage or proposed carriage of dangerous goods in contravention of applicable regulations including incorrect labeling and packaging of dangerous goods. 3. Initial reports may be made by any means, but in all cases a written report should be made as soon as possible. 4. The report should be as precise as possible and contain all data known at the time the report is made, (see Medallion Air Dangerous Goods Incident Report); Date of the incident or accident; Location of the incident or accident, the flight number and flight date, if applicable; Description of the goods and the reference number of the air waybill, pouch, baggage tag, ticket, etc; Proper shipping name (including the technical name, if appropriate) and UN number, where known; Class or division and any subsidiary risk; Type of packaging, if applicable, and the packaging specification marking on it; Quantity involved; Name and address of the shipper, passenger, etc; Any other relevant details; Suspected cause of the incident or accident; Action taken; Any other reporting action taken; Name, title, address and contact number of the person making the report 5. Copies of the relevant documents and any photographs taken should be attached to the report.
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NAME:
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2.11.3. ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES Cabin crewmember seniority will determine cabin crewmember position on the aircraft. This should be determined prior to aircraft boarding. If there are any changes in Cabin crewmember's positioning, during the trip or trip pairing, the Captain must be notified. All Cabin crewmembers will follow Senior Cabin Crewmember's direction for service and safety, in accordance with Company policies and the RCAA, however; the Captain is the Pilot in Command and has ultimate authority over the aircraft, the crew and the passengers. 2.11.4. CREW BRIEFING Cabin crew members must board the aircraft no later than 1 hour prior to departure, whether at their domicile or at a layover station. When the aircraft is late inbound, the outbound crew must board as soon as they are able to do so. Stow crew bags, uniform articles, and personal items in the appropriate overhead compartments. Whenever possible, avoid using two adjacent overhead bins. 2.11.5. PRE-FLIGHT CHECKS Cabin Crewmembers must perform pre-flight checks prior to each flight and after any layover. 2.11.5.1. AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY Each cabin crewmember has her own primary area of responsibility on board the aircraft; however, there is no beginning or ending row, or section, when doing compliance checks, serving beverages, or picking up used service items. 2.11.5.2. AIRCRAFT SECURITY CHECK An aircraft security search is to be conducted: when the crew arrives at the aircraft, prior to passenger boarding after pax disembarkation, after cleaning/catering/other services If the aircraft door has an intact security seal when the crew arrives at the aircraft, only the Captain can authorize breaking the security seal. Cabin crewmembers conduct an interior search of the aircraft according to Security Check List. This check is also to be accomplished between flight sectors and during stops. Maintenance will usually conduct the life vest search, but CCM may also do it. If anything found. Cabin Crewmembers must notify the Commander. Cabin Crewmembers should report to SCC "SECURITY CHECK PERFORMED"
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2.11.9. PASSENGERS EMBARKATION 2.11.9.1. COMMUNICATION WITH GROUND STAFF Effective communication between ground staff and Cabin Crew is essential to prevent human injury and damage of the aircraft. Ground staff should use the standard signals (i.e. thumbs up and/or knocking at the door), in situations such as: The operation of cabin access door and integrated steps. The positioning / removal of ground support equipment (i.e.: stairs/bridges, etc.) Passengers embarkation, disembarkation and during transit stops. Refueling the aircraft with passengers on board. Additionally, the Handling Agent must inform SCC about: Pre-boarding of Special Needs Passengers. Special meals requested by passengers and listed on PIL. Any other information concerning the passengers.
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After pre-flight check Ready for boarding (INT) All pax and docs pax on board, are on board according to load sheet, request permission to close the doors (INT) After closing doors Doors closed (INT) Ready for pushCabin ready for pushback back (INT) Pax briefed and Cabin secured for takecabin checked off (INT)
20 min before landing Pax briefed, cabin checked Cabin secured for landing (INT)
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Passenger Electronic Device Interference (ref to EU-OPS 1.110) The use of electronic devices may interfere with the aircraft electronic systems by electromagnetic interference. For interference to aircraft systems to occur from the use of portable electronic devices, the following conditions would have to occur simultaneously: The device is radiating above the threshold at which system (receiver) disruption can occur. The device is located in the worst-case position in the aircraft cabin (i.e. in a seat with a window near the aircraft antennae). The frequency of emission from the device falls within the aircraft receiver system operational frequency band. Because there are many conditions and independently variable, the chances of all occurring simultaneously are very low. However, the vulnerability of aircraft radio-navigation and communications system may be greatest during take-off, climb, approach, and landing phases of flight. During these phases, the aircraft is at lower altitudes and may be in close proximity to numerous ground-based interference sources, which could increase the likelihood of disruptive interference due to combined interference effects. Therefore, any electronic device should not be used during take-off and landing and all Cabin Crewmembers must be alert and must ensure that the prohibited electronic equipment are switched off and remain switched off during the whole flight once the doors are closed. If interference from a portable electronic device is suspected, the Commander of the aircraft shall prohibit the use of the device. Electronic devices not to be used on board the aircraft Cellular phones Radio sets AM/FM/TV transmitters Walkie-talkies Computer/laptops with separated printer or mouse (optical mouse) Wireless microphones Remotely controlled toys Any other electronic devices that have not been determined as not causing interference with aircraft systems. Cabin Crew Members must check that passengers comply with these restrictions. Allowed personal electronic equipment during the flight Pocket calculators Wrist watches Tape recorders with headsets Electronic games without remote control Cameras Computer/laptops with integrated mouse, etc Edition 2 Chapter 2 Page 56 May 2010
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CATERING EQUIP MEET THE REQUIRED STANDARD FOR NO OF PAX EQUIPMENT MISSING EQUIPMENT CATERING EQUIP MEET TECHNICAL STATUS CATERING EQUIP MEET HYGENE QUANTITY BEVERAGE QUALITY DETAILS/COMPLAINTS QUANTITY CORRESPONDS TO NO OF PAX MEAL QUALITY SPECIAL MEAL OBSERVATIONS INTERIOR CLEANLINESS AMENITY AND HYGENE MATERIALS
B/C
Y/C
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NO
NO NO NO NO NO
B/C B/C
Y/C Y/C
YES YES
NO NO
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5. ANNOUNCEMENTS MADE BY: 6. PAX REMAINED ON BOARD: 7. SERVICE ON GROUND: PROVIDED BY DRINKS SANDWICHES BY: CABIN CREW COMFORT
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DEPARTURE Arm tailcone door/cross check L2 with thumbs up; Respond to all call: Headrest down and cross-check complete; TAXI Make demo at overwing exits; Safety compliance checks overwings to aft; Check lavatories for pax and lock doors; If SCCM has not finished the compliance checks, give thumbs up to indicate compliance; Secure galley for take-off; Secure restraining strap; Take aft-jumpseat A/C left; Silent review.
PREPARATION FOR LANDING Initial compliance checks/trash pick-up throughout the cabin; Remind UMs to wait for you before deplaning; Final overhead bins compliance checks; If SCCM has not finished compliance checks, give thumbs up Secure galley for landing; Secure restraining strap; Take jumpseat; Silent review; ARRIVAL Make arrival announcements (if requested by SCCM) At All call, raise headrest to disarm tailcone/cross check L2 with thumbs up Complete All call procedure via interphone; Answer All call with: Headrest up/down and cross-check complete Release restraining strap; If requested, disembark pax through tailcone; Complete security checks after deplaning of pax; Check ID of all service personnel; Supervise the cleaning team;
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PREPARATION FOR LANDING Initial compliance checks/trash pick-up throughout cabin; Secure galley for landing; Final compliance checks throughout cabin; Take L2 jumpseat; Silent review; ARRIVAL At All call, disarm L2 door and cross check tailcone with thumbs up Complete All call procedure via interphone; Answer All call with: L2 disarmed and cross-check; Complete security checks after deplaning of pax; Supervise the cleaning team;
TAXI Make demo at galley area; Safety compliance checks throughout cabin; Check lavatories for pax and lock doors; Secure galley for take-off; Take L2 jumpseat; Silent review.
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PREPARATION FOR LANDING Initial compliance checks/trash pick-up throughout cabin; Secure galley for landing; Final compliance checks throughout cabin; Take jumpseat next to L1; Silent review; ARRIVAL At All call, disarm R1 door and cross check with L1; All call: verbally: R1 disarmed and cross-check; Assist pax with deplaning; Ensure galley trash is removed; Supervise the cleaning team; Responsible for catering received/secured;
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CABIN CREW MANUAL IN-FLIGHT SERVICE GUIDELINES 3.1. FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE
3.1.1. RISKS AND PREVENTION Food is responsible for the transmission of a large number of diseases. Poor hygiene or unsatisfactory disposal of food wastes may cause the contamination of food and thus influence safety on board, either directly or indirectly in the following ways: - Sudden incapacitation or collapse of a member of crew due to a short incubation type of food poisoning due to bacterial toxins; - Subtle incapacitation in one member of the crew at a critical phase of flight as may occur in cases where is toxaemia prior to the onset of gastric-intestinal symptoms, as may occur in food poisoning; - An acute outbreak of food poisoning affecting a significant number of passengers, may influence the flight crew to divert to an alternative airport to which they may not be accustomed or where the landing aids are not up to the normal high standard. 3.1.2. PERSONAL HYGIENE Cabin crew should follow the same code of practice as food handlers on the ground: - Hands should be washed with soap and plenty of warm water, if available, before and after handling food; - They should wash their hands again if they have handled any article likely to be contaminated: air sickness bags, babies, clothing, etc., combing, brushing or touching the hair, smoking, eating, coughing or blowing the nose, handling waste, cleaning, putting on a waterproof dressing, dressing toilet areas (pre-flight and inflight) or giving medical assistance; - Hands should be dried using paper towels, as a means of disposal in a convenient covered receptacle should be available; - Clothing should never be used to dry hands; - Food should never be touched. Note: When in the galley or serving food it's not allowed: - To smoke; - To scratch the head; - To brush or comb your hair; - Touch the mouth or nose or bite your fingernails; - To blow into glasses. A report must be provided if: - Suffering from sickness or diarrhoea, a bad cold or from septic skin lesions such as boils; - Food poisoning or other food borne disease; - You have been in close contact with someone with food poisoning or sickness or diarrhoea; - You see a pest; - A passenger makes a complaint; - There are no waterproof dressings or other first aid equipment; - There is no soap or hand drying facilities. Medallion Air policy regard jewellery must always be complied with. When handling food: - Cabin crew always must use provided utensils; - Cabin crew with septic lesions should never handle food (non-septic lesions on hands should be covered with waterproof dressings); - Cabin crew should never sneeze or cough over food, utensils or galley working
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3.1.3. PROTECTION OF CREW Crew members should be advised on practical ways of avoiding food and waterborne illnesses, for example: - The boiling of all drinking water if the source is doubtful; - Avoidance of unpeeled fruit; - Adequate disinfecting of all uncooked vegetables such as salads; - Avoidance of ice-cream, unless it is known to have been produced by an established, reputable firm; - Avoidance of shellfish of which the source is unknown; - Maintenance of high standard of personal hygiene. 3.1.4. DELAYED FLIGHTS In the case of unexpected delays, after the food has been loaded on the aircraft, the length of the delay will determine the course of action to be taken. Delays of less than one hour may necessitate cabin crew to serve the meal at an earlier stage of the flight than programmed. Delays of several hours may necessitate the off-loading of food and the recatering of the flight with completely fresh meals. A previous consulting with the Commander and OCC is mandatory. 3.1.5. SPECIAL NEEDS There are occasions when special action is needed during flight - for example when a sick passenger soils seats or carpets. This sickness might be the result of an infection- and apart from the nuisance caused to other passengers-there might be a health hazard. Since a major cleaning, involving the replacement of soiled seat covers cannot be undertaken until arrival at home base, the cabin crew should be supplied with material appropriate for use in such an emergency in order to decontaminate the area. 3.1.6. SUSPECTED FOOD POISONING At one time or another everybody is carrying food poisoning organisms on their hands, in the noses, mouth, intestine and septic cuts/boils. Consequently cabin crewmembers must always observe the highest standards of food hygiene to avoid contaminating food. High-risk food is usually ready to eat protein food such as cooked meat, poultry, fish, dairy produce, eggs and egg products, sauces (mayonnaise), gravy and stock, shellfish and also cooked rice. These are the foods that are usually implicated in food poisoning outbreaks. There are 10 main reasons for food poisoning: CAUSE HAZARD Preparation too far in advance and Multiplication of bacteria storage at ambient temperature Inadequate cooling Multiplication of bacteria Inadequate reheating Survival of bacteria Contaminated/processed/canned food Contamination with bacteria Undercooking Survival of bacteria Inadequate thawing Survival in cooking of bacteria
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3.1.7. ACTION TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF FOOD POISONING The action to be taken will depend on whether the poisoning is restricted to an individual passenger or affects a whole group of people. In case of poisoning involving individual passengers, the cause can usually be traced back to food consumed prior to boarding the aircraft. When several persons are taken ill with suspected food poisoning, the source is more likely to be meals either eaten on board or taken together shortly before departure. Food poisoning is often acute: symptoms can appear in a matter of minutes. In some cases it can be prove fatal. Therefore, even if only one passenger falls ill, prompt and appropriate action is essential. SCC shall inform the commander. Cabin Crew administers first aid and asks whether there is a doctor on board. SCC has to ascertain: What has been consumed on board by those affected; Whether other passengers or crewmembers have eaten the same; What was consumed, and where, in the last 8 hours prior take-off. In all cases at least one, and preferably several cooled specimen meals are to be sent top priority for bacteriological analysis. Specimen meals for bacteriological analysis must be: - Untouched by hands (hold the meals by tray); - Wrapped in clean aluminum foil; - Kept cool and preferably frozen; if available, dry ice can be used for this purpose. If any drink served on board is suspected to have a contribution to the food poisoning, specimen drinks shall also be sent to be bacteriological analyzed. If agreed with local station manager extra specimen meals may be sent to local bacteriological laboratories for prompter determination of the cause of food poisoning. Contact address and telephone numbers for all passengers affected and for some unaffected passengers should be noted and appended to the SCC report. 3.1.8. DELIVERY AND LOADING OF FOOD ON AIRCRAFT The Senior Cabin Crewmember should check: - The number of meals is according to the number of passengers on board; - Food is sufficiently protected against heat, dust and insects during loading; - Food has been date/time stamped on leaving the cold store; - The delivery corresponds to the catering order. Note: In the event of a delay; SCC should decide the measures to be taken to prevent spoilage of food. 3.1.9. REPORTING OF SERVICE DELIVERY IRREGULARITIES Any discrepancies with respect to the delivery irregularities shall be reported in the SCC Report. Food should not be served if cabin crew has any doubts: in respect to the quality of the food (e.g. abnormal smell, texture, etc.) A standard report "SCC Report" is available on board to report feedback to Cabin Crew Manager. 3.1.10. INSECTS Cabin crew should keep a careful watch for insects, especially cockroaches, and examine
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It is recommended that cabin crew do not serve alcoholic beverages to anyone on board the aircraft where there are good reasons to believe that the person is impaired by alcohol or drugs to an extent that he could jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or persons on board the aircraft. Special policy regarding alcohol Drunken passengers are a danger to themselves and to others when on board an aircraft, especially in the event of an emergency situation. It is the responsibility of the passengers not to be drunk or to get drunk on the aircraft. Boarding A drunken passenger boarding a Medallion Air aircraft conflicts with the goals of our company to be a safe and secure airline. According to General Conditions of Carriage, Medallion Air is entitled to refuse travel for drunken passengers. The Company will therefore support all crews and ground staff who deny boarding of drunken passengers. Passengers under the age of 18 Alcohol must never be served to passengers under 18. This rule applies even when the child or young adult is travelling with its parents or an adult and that parent or adult has requested that alcohol be served. Medallion Air will therefore support crews enforcing this rule. Drunkenness on board the aircraft It is important that cabin crews should exercise discretion serving the alcohol to passengers who appear near the limit of drunkenness. If there is any doubt in the minds of cabin crew they should act on the side of caution and tactfully refuse to serve the passenger with more drinks. The commander must be informed immediately if a passenger's behavior threatens flight safety or the safety of the other passengers or crew. Removal of drink The crew may, at the absolute discretion of the Commander, remove alcohol (including the passengers duty free) for safe custody. This should only be done where safety would be compromised if the passenger retained the alcohol and any duty free must be returned when the passengers leaves the aircraft. Drugs Crews must not serve alcohol to passengers who they think are under the influence of drugs. Medallion Air will support crews enforcing this rule. No alcohol in the cockpit Alcohol must never be taken onto the cockpit except in a sealed bottle.
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CABIN CREW MANUAL SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
4.1. CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENTS/EMERGENCY/ACCIDENTS.......................................3 4.2. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION.............................................................................3 4.3. CONDENSATION.................................................................................................6 4.4. APU TORCHING ..................................................................................................6 4.5. ENGINE TORCHING.............................................................................................6 4.6. CONTROLLED DISEMBARKATION ..........................................................................6 4.7. INADVERTENT RELEASE OF OXYGEN MASKS ..........................................................7 4.8. MISSED APPROACH ............................................................................................7 4.9. REJECTED TAKE-OFF...........................................................................................7 4.10. TURBULENCE ...................................................................................................8 4.10.1. PRE-DEPARTURE CREW BRIEFING ............................................................... 10 4.10.2. UNANTICIPATED TURBULENCE (CAT) ........................................................... 10 4.10.3. ANTICIPATED TURBULENCE PROCEDURES DURING FLIGHT .......................... 10 4.10.4. TURBULENCE INJURY PREVENTION .............................................................. 11 4.11. CREW INCAPACITATION .................................................................................. 12 4.11.1. FLIGHT CREW INCAPACITATION .................................................................. 13 4.11.2. CABIN CREW MEMBER INCAPAICITATION DURING FLIGHT .............................. 14 4.12. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ................................................................................ 14 4.12.1. DECOMPRESSION...................................................................................... 14 4.12.1.1. SLOW DECOMPRESSION ....................................................................... 15 4.12.1.2. RAPID/EXPLOSIVE DECOMPRESSION ...................................................... 16 4.12.1.3. HYPOXIA ........................................................................................... 17 4.12.1.4. TIME OF USEFUL CONSCIOUSNESS TUC ............................................... 18 4.12.1.5. THE CONTINUATION OF FLIGHT WITH NO-PRESSURIZED CABIN ................ 18 4.12.2. FIRE AND SMOKE ...................................................................................... 18 4.12.2.1. FIRE IN CABIN .................................................................................... 18 4.12.2.2. FIRE PREVENTION................................................................................ 19 4.12.2.3. TRIANGLE OF FIRE ........................................................................... 19 4.12.2.4. THEORY OF FIRE FIGHTING................................................................... 19 4.12.2.5. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE ..................................................................... 19 4.12.2.6. CABIN CREW FIRE DRILL ...................................................................... 20 4.12.2.7. MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC FIRES.............................................................. 21 4.12.2.8. SMOKE IN CABIN ................................................................................. 24 4.12.2.9. FIRE PREVENTION................................................................................ 25 4.12.2.10. CIRCUIT BREAKERS............................................................................ 25 4.12.3. SECURITY ................................................................................................ 26 4.12.3.1. SEARCHING AND GUARDING OF AIRCRAFT ............................................. 27 4.12.3.2. POSITIVE SEARCHING AND GUARDING FOR HIGH RISK SECTORS .............. 28 4.12.3.3. GUARDING OF AIRCRAFT ...................................................................... 28 4.12.3.4. SEALING OF AIRCRAFT ......................................................................... 28 4.12.4. DISRUPTIVE/UNRULY PASSENGERS ............................................................. 29 4.12.4.1. SMOKING VIOLATION ........................................................................... 32 4.12.4.2. UNNACEPTABLE BEHAVIOR ON BOARD ................................................... 33 4.12.5. BOMB AND SABOTAGE THREATS ................................................................. 33 4.12.6. HIJACKING ............................................................................................... 35 4.12.7. EMERGENCY EVACUATION .......................................................................... 41
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If the commander has an urgent message for the cabin crew call button can be pressed several times. In such case all CC should reach immediately the assigned stations to receive the information. In a prepared emergency situation, SCC should obtain the following information from the commander: the type of emergency, evacuation required, evacuation signal and the time available, special instructions. Acronyms like the one below aid in memorizing necessary actions: Type of emergency; Evacuation is necessary; Signals to evacuate; Time available; Special instructions.
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In flight
ATTENTION CABIN CREW ON STATIONS (P.A.) Evacuation not required CANCEL ALERT (P.A.) EVACUATE (specify exits) (P.A.) - Evacuation must be announced when Evacuation required a/c has stopped, parking brake set and engines shut down. ATTENTION PRESSURIZATION Rapid/explosive FAILURE/ DECOMPRESSION, USE Decompression OXYGEN MASKS (P.A.) CABIN CREW RESUME YOUR After pressurization DUTIES O2 MASKS ARE NO LONGER is restored REQUIRED (P.A.) ATTENTION EMERGENCY Emergency descent DESCENT CABIN CREW RESUME YOUR After emergency Situation in the DUTIES O2 MASKS ARE NO LONGER descent and cabin cabin is (INT) REQUIRED (P.A.) altitude below 3000 m ATTENTION DUE TO TAKE YOUR If smoke/fumes/fire Fire/smoke in SEATS AND FASTEN SEATBELTS is detected area (INT) (P.A.) ATTENTION CABIN CREW ON STATIONS if no time available (P.A.) ATTENTION PURSER TO COCKPIT Cabin prepared for if time available (P.A.) Ditching ditching IMMINENT IMPACT (P.A.) short time before emergency landing BRACE FOR IMPACT (P.A.) 30 sec Cabin prepared for ATTENTION CABIN CREW ON emergency landing STATIONS if no time available (P.A.) ATTENTION PURSER TO COCKPIT if time available (P.A.) Emergency landing IMMINENT IMPACT (P.A.) short time before emergency landing BRACE FOR IMPACT (P.A.) 30 sec ATTENTION PURSER TO COCKPIT Pilot incapacitation (P.A.) We have a crew member CCM incapacitation incapacitated and (intentions) (INT) ATTENTION PURSER TO COCKPIT Bomb threat (P.A.) Captain I must Hijacking come to the cockpit immediately (INT)
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The APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) provides air conditioning and electrical power to the aircraft when the engines are not running. An excess of fuel or oil being burned causes APU torching (flames blown out the exhaust duct). This can occur prior to starting the engines at the gate and also right after landing while taxing to the terminal. APU torching usually lasts only a matter of seconds. The flames are more visible at night. Procedures Cabin crewmembers should reassure passengers and explain that what they saw (APU torching) is common. Always be aware of your exits and your surroundings.
Engine torching occurs when fuel is pumped into the engine but not ignited. When the engine starts, the turbine fan blows the excess fuel out and ignites it in a "torch like" manner. The flames can reach in excess of 8 feet but last only a few seconds. While not a normal event during engine starts, this "engine torching" occasionally takes place and does not pose imminent danger. On aircraft with wing mounted engines, this may be seen and misconstrued by passengers and even company employees as an engine fire and lead them to assume they are in danger. This is not the case. It is cabin crewmembers responsibility to: Calmly assess the situation Contact the flight deck crew. Be alert for a Passenger Initiated Unwarranted Evacuation.
A situation may develop during passenger boarding, push-back or prior to arrival which warrants a rapid disembarkation but not an evacuation via the Slides. In such circumstances the following will apply. SCCM will be called to the cockpit using the standard alert signal: Attention, Purser to the Cockpit" SCCM - Report to the cockpit for TESTS briefing from the Flight Crew. - Use the P.A to advise pax and crew to disembark via the nearest boarding door in an expeditious manner without any luggage.
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If the mask compartment doors for the fixed 2 system are open, notify Captain and request further instructions.
In the interest of safety, the Captain may initiate a missed approach procedure. During landing, when the aircraft attitude from normal nose-down changes briskly to noseup and the engines noise increase, it is unmistakable that a missed approach procedure was initiated. Cabin Crewmembers must remain seated, with shoulder harness securely fastened, waiting for Captains instructions. When workload and time permit, CDT shall inform SCC about the action to follow (Holding/Go-Around/Diversion), the remaining flight time, and the information to be conveyed to passengers. SCC must make an announcement to the passengers in accordance with Commander's instructions. Passengers must be seated and securely fastened. If the remaining flight time and aircraft attitude permit the before landing announcement must be renewed and a cabin compliance check must be performed followed by the adequate reports.
A rejected take-off is a take-off that is discontinued prior to reaching take-off speed, indicated usually by a rapid deceleration. The decision to reject a take off rests solely with the Commander. Usually, the take-off is rejected for: - System failure - Unusual noise or vibration - Tire failure - Engine Failure (Engine Fire). - Commander decides that the aircraft is unsafe or unable to fly. Cabin Crew Action: Remain at your stations until the plane comes to a full stop When the aircraft comes to a standstill, release seat belts. Wait for Commander's order: "Cabin Crew at Station". If no order from cockpit comes within 20 seconds, SCC contacts Flight Crew via intercom. Other CCM assess the outsides conditions. If cabin crew sees anything unusual (fire/smoke, intensity) they must inform the Captain on the interphone and they must wait at their stations until a second command is made. Assess and monitor the cabin. Keep passengers under control. Do not initiate interphone calls between stations with no serious ground.
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4.10. TURBULENCE
Turbulence is the result of atmospheric or environmental effects. En-route turbulence accounts for a substantial number of cabin crewmembers injuries and can occur at anytime and at any altitude. Turbulence can be expected or can be sudden and unexpected. That is why passengers are required to keep their seat belts fatened at all times while seated. The main causes of turbulence are: Convective currents: Are localized vertical air flows caused by warm air rising. TheY can be encountered at any alttitude and may result in the formation of clouds. When convection is carried to high altitudes, cumulo-nimbus clouds result. In same cases,however, if the air is very dry, clouds may not form. Wind Flow Obstructions: this is also known as mechanical because it is caused by a mechanical disruption of wind flow by obstacles such as trees, buildings or mountains. Windshear: wind traveling at different speeds and/or directions cause a shearing condition. Windsheares occur at all altitudes and are found in conjunction with low level temperature inversions, frontal zones and high level jet streams. Thunderstorm formations may be caused by any type of front, mountainous terrain, convective currents or convergence. Thunderstorms associated with cold fronts are normally the most severe ones found anywhere except in squall lines. Thunderstorms are often associated with warm fronts. Gusts are the numerous irregular, random, sudden&brief turbulent motion called gusts. This gusts have a significant effect upon the aircraft, causing pitch, yaw and roll movements. The severity of a thunderstorm may be classified by the intensity&the frequency of its gusts. Rime ice often accumulates on the leading edge of aircraft flying through wet snow. Since the freezing level is also the zone where the most severe turbulence&rain most frequently occur, this particular altitude appears to be the most hazardous. In areas where individual thunderstorm are widely dispersed, icing usualy does not present too serious a problem because the flight time in each storm is relatively short. Mountain waves: cap clouds often exist over the mountains ridge&may progress down the lee side giving the impression of a waterfall. Frontal: thunderstorms associated with old fronts are normally the most severe ones found anywhere except in squall lines. Thunderstorms are often associated with warm fronts. Squall Lines: usually form in a continous line and are easy to recognize by a pilot aproaching the front from any dirrection. Air Mass: air masses form within a warm, moist air mass, and are in no way associated with fronts. They are generally isolated or widely scaterred of a lrge area. Air mass thunderstorm may be classified as convective, orographic, or nocturnal. Edition 2 Chapter 4 Page 8 May 2010
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Incapacitation of a crew member is defined as, any condition which affects the health of a crew member during the performance of duties which renders him incapable of performing the assigned duties. Incapacitation is real air safety hazard which occurs more frequently then many of the other emergencies which are the subject of routine flight. Incapacitation can occur in many forms varying from obvious sudden death to subtle, partial loss of function. It occurs in all age groups and during all phases of flight and may not be preceded by any warning. However, the most critical situation would be during the approach and landing. Mild Incapacitation Cases of mild incapacity are probably common though not reported because no incident or accident occurred. Many crewmembers continue to fly when, for example, they are suffering from head cold, when fatigued by sleep loss, or when worried or anxious. The effects of mild incapacity include awareness of the state of reduced alertness, mental preoccupation that may result in a lack of appreciation of significant factors, slow reaction times, and an impairment of judgment. The incidences may affect one or more members of the crew when the casual factors are common, but the effects are rarely so significant as to promote a hazard in themselves. Minor omissions are misjudgments by an individual are usually readily exposed and corrected by another crewmember, provided that standard monitoring procedures are properly and conscientiously carried out. Severe incapacitation Reasons: heart attack, epilepsy, food poisoning and hypoxia Symptoms of beginning of an incapacitation: Incoherent speech Strange behavior Irregular breathing Pale fixed facial expression Jerky motions that are either delayed or too rapid
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It is absolutely essential that all aircrew have their crash/ditching procedures at their fingertips. They must acquire and maintain a full knowledge of all the information in this manual, and make an effort to review the emergency procedures frequently enough to maintain a meticulous and accurate working knowledge of them. Cabin crew must review crash/ditching procedures before flight at least once per flying day. A general idea is not good enough: cabin crew must know exactly where to go and what to do. 4.12.1. DECOMPRESSION Jet aircraft operate at an altitude of approximately 7 miles above the earth. The human body can not tolerate this altitude for more than a few seconds, so the aircraft is pressurized. Pressurization creates an artificial altitude well within natural breathing capacity. Should the pressure in the aircraft be changed to the actual aircraft altitude, due to a mechanical failure or rupture of the fuselage, you must know how to use the equipment
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4.12.1.2. RAPID/EXPLOSIVE DECOMPRESSION Cabin Characteristics: An explosion Extreme structural damage Failure of A/C pressurization Blown window, rip in fuselage, or cracked door seal Explosive noise, violent rush of cabin air toward damaged area Fogging in cabin, rapid drop in temperature Emergency compartments will open in PSUs and 02 masks will be presented when cabin altitude reaches 14,000 feet. Unsecured items may be pulled toward the opening in the fuselage. Body Changes: Chest expansion, rapid loss of air from lungs Severe pain in ears and sinuses Difficulty in speaking, due to lack of air in lungs Discomfort due to pressure of gases trapped in the body Edition 2 Chapter 4 Page 16 May 2010
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4.12.1.5. THE CONTINUATION OF FLIGHT WITH NO-PRESSURIZED CABIN STEP CABIN CREW MEMBERS ACTION 1. Keep Portable Oxygen Bottle donned and ready to use it whenever necessary. 2. CCMs with no remain seated and replace the walk around cabin crew at regular intervals of time. 3. 4. Carefully monitor the cabin, especially infants, children and old persons, and assist them with oxygen when necessary. Do not serve food or drinks to passengers for the rest of the flight.
4.12.2. FIRE AND SMOKE 4.12.2.1. FIRE IN CABIN Fire is the emergency most likely to produce panic, and therefore all crewmembers must maintain a positive and calm attitude. Any passenger showing signs of panic must be dealt with firmly. Although prompt action is called for, it must be the correct action. Speed is vital when dealing with a fire - however it is worth taking a second to assess the situation and decide the correct action necessary to control the particular fire - so think then act. It is absolutely essential that the captain is informed of the condition of the fire at all times, in order to make decisions on how to proceed. In some circumstances, a fire may not exist and the fire fighting effort will be limited to preventing an outbreak of fire. For example, overheating fluorescent light ballast units may create electrical smoke, or overheating air pack (air conditioning) units may cause smoke to enter the cabin through air ducts. If smoke is emitting from overheated ballast: Turn off the cabin light switch immediately. Notify the cockpit. Obtain the nearest Halon extinguisher and continue to monitor the area while keeping the cockpit informed of the situation. Likewise, if smoke is emitting from air conditioning ducts, immediately notify the cockpit so that the air conditioning pack can be shut off continue to monitor the area and keep the cockpit informed. Notify the cockpit via the interphone using the pre-established emergency signal, 3 bells
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HEAT
FUEL
4.12.2.4. THEORY OF FIRE FIGHTING Remove any one of these elements and the fire will extinguish: Removing the fuel Removing the 02 - Halon will disperse the O2 element Removing the heat. 4.12.2.5. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE CLASS A (ASHES) Flammable Solids Class A fires are those that occur in common combustibles such as cloth, paper and wood. They are normally extinguished by cooling (i.e. water). For Class A fires any extinguisher will give a good result and no harm. CAUTION: In case of fire in the Cockpit or Galley do not use water and H20 fire extinguisher!
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Dry Chemical.
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SEAT FIRES Use The Curtain or any liquid that can be used; Simultaneously inform the cockpit; Keep under supervision. GALLEY CURTAIN FIRES Any liquid that can use; Simultaneously inform the cockpit; Start (aim) at the bottom and work up the curtain.
WASTE BIN FIRES Any liquid that can used; Simultaneously inform the cockpit; Open waste bin flap and discharge extinguisher into the bin; Saturate with water. TOILET FIRES Frequent checks of the lavatories should be made to assure that smoke detectors have not been tampered with and you do not smell cigarette smoke. If the smoke detector alarm is started, a powerful alarm sound will be heard. This alarm is meant to be heard by all the crew members, flight crews or cabin crews. In case of smoke in the toilet do not disarm the alarm sound of the smoke detector. The smoke detector alarm is design to shut off automatically when smoke particles dissipated in the air does no longer exists. Only in case of the malfunctioning of the smoke detector alarm and after double checking the absence of smoke or fire you may reset the alarm. The alarm may be turned off by pushing the small button located in the middle orifice of the smoke detector panel by using a MRT or a sharp pen. Inform the cockpit. If fire is detected in a toilet compartment, it is important to first assess the conditions. If smoke is seen escaping from around the door, before entering the toilet: Feel the toilet door with the back of the hand. IF IT IS COLD: Obtain the nearest fire extinguisher and if time permits put on a PBE. Open the toilet door. (Take care when opening the door in case of "flash back" which could occur when more oxygen is allowed into the toilet.) Locate the source of the fire and extinguish it by aiming at the source of the fire. Hold the extinguisher at a 45 angle and discharge it by moving up and down. Close door after discharging and open it after 10 seconds. Monitor the area and restrict the access of passengers. IF IT IS HOT: Keep door closed. Obtain a Halon Fire Extinguisher and put on PBE and heat resistance gloves. Assess fire with a tactile search by staying low and opening the door slowly, just wide enough to get extinguisher nozzle in. Empty contents of extinguisher into compartment. Close toilet door. Obtain second extinguisher and fire axe if necessary. Open toilet door slowly,
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After attempting to defuse the situation, CDT and SCC will coordinate on the issuance of a No smoking Violation or Unacceptable Behavior Final Warning Card and the completion of the Level 2 section of Flight Disturbance Report. If applicable, the pax shall not be served with any alcoholic beverage, and shall be asked to hand any alcoholic beverage in his possession to SCC. If passenger complies with the request, then END OF THE CONFLICT. At home base, the report shall be given to Flight Ops and Security personnel. Examples: Advise CDT, then CDT requests the - When crewmember duties are appropriate law enforcement office to disrupted due to continuing meet the flight upon arrival. Level 3 interference; section of the - When a passenger or Flight Disturbance Report shall be crewmember is injured or filled. After landing, copies of the subjected to a credible threat of report shall be handed to local law injury; enforcement organization and station - When an unscheduled landing manager. is made due to the disruptive At home base, the report shall be behavior. given to Flight Ops and Security personnel.
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NOTICE OF LAW VIOLATION NOTIFICARE A NCLCRII LEGILOR UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOUR ON BOARD THIS AIRCRAFT COMPORTAMENT INACCEPTABIL LA BORDUL AERONAVEI FINAL WARNING You have already been told by the Cabin Crew that your behavior on board this aircraft is unacceptable and may have been in violation of international laws. ULTIMUL AVERTISMENT Vi s-a spus deja de ctre echipajul de cabin c purtarea dvs la bordul acestui avion este inacceptabil i c ar putea fi n contradictie cu legile internationale.
Din acest moment: With immediate effect: 1. Nu vei mai bea nimic alcoolic. 1. You must not drink any alcohol. 2. You must hand all alcohol in your 2. Vei preda buturile alcoolice pe care le avei unui membru al echipajului de possession to a member of Cabin Crew. cabin. Ele v vor fi napoiate cnd vei It will be returned to you when you leave prsi aeronava. this aircraft. 3. You must not behave in a manner likely 3. V vei abine s v purtai ntr-un mod ce ar putea: to: pune n pericol sigurana zborului, sau endanger the safety of the aircraft, or cauza ngrijorare echipajului sau cause concern to the crew or to other celorlali pasageri. passengers. 4. You must comply with the crew's 4. Trebuie s v conformai instruciunilor echipajului. instructions. If you fail co comply with the above instructions, the commander may decide to land the aircraft at the nearest available location and off-load you. You will be liable for the diversion costs and your ticket will be invalidated for further carriage. Dac refuzai s respectai instruciunile de mai sus, comandantul poate decide s aterizeze pe cel mai apropiat aeroport i s v debarce. Vei fi rspunztor pentru costurile modificrii programului de zbor, iar biletul dvs va fi anulat.
On arrival, details of your conduct will also La aterizare, comportarea dvs va fi raportat be reported to the police for possible poliiei, pentru o posibil urmrire contravenional sau penal. prosecution. This notice is given by the Commander of this aircraft. Aceast notificare este dat de ctre comandantul aeronavei.
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2. NATURE OF INCIDENT PAX TO PAX PAX TO CREW DAMAGE ENDANGERMENT OF AIRCRAFT 3. SPECIFIC CAUSE (IF KNOWN) ALCOHOL BOMB THREAT DRUG RELATED ELECTRONIC DEVICES OTHER (SPECIFY) 4. SPECIFIC OUTCOME VERBAL ASSAULT OTHER (SPECIFY) 5 MEASURES TAKEN OFF-LOAD PRE-FLIGHT POLICE CALLED PSIHICAL ASSAULT HAND LUGGAGE HIJACK MOBILE PHONE
USE OF WEAPON OTHER (SPECIFY) SEATING SEXUAL OFFENCE SMOKINKG POLICY VERBAL ABUSE
SEXUAL ASSAULT
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FLIGHT DISTURBANCE INCIDENT REPORT (personal account to include evidence of intoxication, words spoken, gestures, threats physical or verbal and danger to others)
Captains signature
Level of incident Level I Passenger complies with Cabin Crew request and no further action is required Level II Passenger continues disturbance in spite of Cabin Crew request to comply and crew has to inform flight deck. Issuance of written warning to passenger. Level III Passenger disrupts Cabin Crew duties due continuous interference; and/or a passenger or crew is injured or subjected to a serious threat of injury; and/or restraint device has to be used; and/or a diversion or unscheduled landing is made.
Level of Incident Level I Level II Level III *
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EVACUATION ORDERS The order to evacuate is principally given by the Captain. All commands from cockpit including possible limitations shall be given twice via PA. Because of cockpit activities, there may be a relative long time between stand still of the aircraft and further commands (Cancel Alert", Evacuate"). This should not lead to hasty actions by cabin crew. In case an evacuation is not required, the Captain will give the command: "CANCEL ALERT. For an immediate evacuation the command is: "EVACUATE". After this command the evacuation must be started immediately, cabin crew shout evacuation orders to passengers, and then they open the doors and inflate slides. If due to specific circumstances the Captain cannot declare all exits free for evacuation (i.e. fire on one side) he shall restrict this by the command: "PASSENGER EVACUATION THROUGH ...LEFT/RIGHT HAND-SIDE". However, each CCM eventually has to decide, after carefully check of the actual conditions outside and inside the cabin, whether an exit is usable. After a ditching, the evacuation can be started immediately by cabin crew as soon as the aircraft comes to rest even without an order from the cockpit. DEGREE OF URGENCY IN AIRCRAFT EVACUATION Emergency situations, concerning which there may or will be a need for evacuation procedures, will fall within one of the following categories: UNPLANNED - there is not time at all for preparation prior to the emergency, (it happens during taxi, take-off, or landing) i.e.: a sudden and severe accident occurring during Take-Off and Landing, where an aircraft suffers an unexpected landing gear collapse, or other severe damage on landing and Immediate Evacuation is thought necessary. - Crew has no time to coordinate a course of action with the Captain. - Cabin Crew cannot count on the Flight Crew for notification prior to impact or for instructions and assistance in passenger evacuation. - Most emergency landings are unplanned.
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INITIATED EVACUATION Flight deck - The cockpit will always initiate the evacuation. The evacuation orders will be given by PA Evacuate, or Evacuate on L/H side or R/H side. If PA is inop, the evacuation signal will be 6 chimes or as pre-established at briefing. If the flight crew has not provided the necessary direction, cabin crew will attempt to contact the flight deck either by interphone or in person. If with no result, SCC will give the order to evacuate. Cabin Crew CCMs may initiate an evacuation under extraordinary circumstances, such as: Severe structural damage; Threatening fire or smoke; Ditching; Obvious danger for pax; No response from the flight deck. If no answer from cockpit, and safety is jeopardized, SCC picks up PA and announce Evacuate. If under the above mentioned circumstances no command is given by SCC (i.e. incapacitated/injured) ever, CCM may start the evacuation. Other CC assess their environment and conduct evacuation by saying "Open seatbelts and get out". Remember that redirection may be needed if an exit is not safe to evacuate from. Therefore, be careful when saying "Come this way" because you may have to say "Exit Blocked, go back" or "Exit blocked, go across the aisle", etc. When an evacuation is not warranted, an announcement, i.e. "Remain seated will be given. EXTRA CREW MEMBERS REDEPLOYMENT Where crew members additional to the basic minimum are carried, they must occupy passengers seats adjacent to aircraft exits in case of a premeditated ditching or crash landing situation. If its necessary, they must replace passengers already seated at emergency exits. SUPERNUMERARY CREW ABOARD When supernumerary crewmembers (deadheading crew or other aircrew positioning in company aircraft) are carried, they should remain inactive in emergency situations until briefed otherwise by Captain or CCM. This is so that any activities they might undertake should not hinder or interfere with the proper drill as being effected by the official crew. However, it is best that such persons should contribute in such cases by assisting the crew in an orderly way. INITIAL EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT If time permits, a clear announcement must be made to the passengers, which indicates the nature of the emergency situation and the intended course of action. Note that such an announcement must dispense with introductory courtesies if time is short.
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Alternative brace positions For passengers seated in front of a bulkhead or by an Emergency Exit. This position is also suitable for children. Seat back upright. Seat belt securely fastened, tray table stowed. Feet placed flat on the floor as far back as possible. Put something covering on your knees. Put your face on the cover. Lean forward and hold your knees.
Mother and child brace position Seat back must be upright, seat belts fastened. Place the feet flat on the floor as far back as possible with knees together. Lay the child across the lap with one arm supporting the child's head. The mother should lean forward over the child and protect her own head with the other arm.
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CABIN CREW FWD FACING JUMP SEAT: Seat belt and shoulder harness securely fastened with buckle in centre of lap and as low as possible. Feet slightly apart/flat on the floor for stability. BEND DOWN, HEAD DOWN Hands may be placed under hips, palms up or arms may be folded and locked (not holding on to harness). AFT FACING JUMP SEAT: Seat belt and shoulder harness securely fastened with buckle in centre of lap and as low as possible. Feet slightly apart/flat on the floor for stability. Head positioned solidly against headrest. Hands may be placed under hips, palms up or arms may be folded and locked (not holding onto harness)
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT STOWAGE Generally, it is not Company policy for emergency equipment to be unshipped from stowage before impact. This is because it is thought that the danger of injury to personnel, from loose items of equipment flying about, is more critical than the small additional time needed to unship items after the aircraft has stopped. However, in cases of ditching in bad sea conditions, it may be that the captain will order that certain survival equipment be moved from the normal storages to prevent its loss in the event of fuselage break-up.
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EVACUATING DISABLED PAX AND THEIR ATTENDANTS Disabled, handicapped, and invalid passengers shall be the last ones to evacuate Notwithstanding natural human compassion for the handicapped, it must be accepted that their disabilities must not be allowed to prejudice the survival chances of other passengers. In any evacuation procedure, the object must be to get the maximum possible number of passengers out of the aircraft as quickly as possible. Studies have shown that the best way for the disabled to evacuate is via the escape slide, feet first, using the sit and scoot method. Under most conditions, canes and crutches should remain stowed along with other personal belongings. BUDDY" SYSTEM Unless a friend accompanies a handicapped passenger or relative, it is necessary to appoint a buddy" from among the other passengers, to help him/her leave the aircraft - generally after all the others have already left. This is asking a lot and it is necessary to be prepared for refusals. Little can be said about the selection of buddies" other than it is, perhaps, best left to cabin crews' own knowledge of the psychology of their passengers. EVACUATING ANIMALS Evacuating Seeing Eye Dogs Passengers with Seeing Eye Dogs should place them on their lap, to avoid burning the pads on the dog's paws, and go down the slide together. Evacuating Pets Passengers with carry-on pets should leave them in the carrier, place the carrier on their lap, and go down the slide together. EVACUATION OF UNCONSCIOUS PILOTS 1. Restrain his hands in the harness. Move the pilot's seat to the aft position. Forward and aft movement is controlled by a vertical lever or by an adjustment handle, on the aisle of the seat. If it is by an adjustment handle, there will be three on an aisle panel on the side of the seat. The center handle will move the seat forward or aft. In the event of an aisle side floor mounted vertical lever, pull lever aft seat will slide fwd or aft. 2. Remove any headsets and/or oxygen masks from the pilot and move them out of the way. 3. Open the seat belt. This will operate on an inertia reel that connects all the seat belt and shoulder harness straps. Rotate the reel to release the straps. 4. If possible, enlist the assistance of a PSP. 5. Reach under the arms of the unconscious pilot and grasp the pilot's wrists. To avoid injury to yourself, do not attempt to lift the pilot. 6. Drag the pilot sideways from the seat and lower the pilot to the floor. With the legs free, drag the pilot to the nearest usable exit. 7. If evacuating down the slide, have a PSP place the unconscious pilot between their
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CROWD CONTROL IN EVACUATION Aside from adherence to laid down drills and procedures, successful emergency evacuation of passengers from an aircraft requires also an understanding, by aircrew, of crowd control. Generally, courtesies must be dispensed with authority firmly reasserted from the outset. As soon as the aircraft has come to a complete stop, make a firm statement by PA, megaphone or even voice, e.g. Open seat belts", Leave everything". When supervising evacuation through a door or exit, stand to the side of it so as not to obstruct any part of the exit area. Make verbal contact with the approaching passengers as far back in the galley area or aisle as is possible. Maintain contact to the point where you
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TAILCONE EXIT CCM 2 Command first passenger approaching exit "You hold people back!" Assess conditions. Open door. Take flashlight, stay low and shuffle to the end of the Tailcone. If Tailcone does not deploy, pull the handle located between your knees and your waist on your right. If the slide does not deploy automatically, pull up and back on the manual deployment strap on the slide pack, than pull inflation handle. Stand on platform (aircraft right). Hold onto solid structure. Assess conditions. Shout commands: "Come this way! "Leave everything" Instruct 2 passengers "You and you, stay at the bottom and send people away! Take megaphone and evacuate. EXIT L2 EXIT R1 - CCM 3 Command first passenger approaching exit "You hold people back!" Assess conditions at door. Open door and pull manual inflation handle to inflate slide (secure yourself by holding onto assist handle). Shout Commands: "Come this way!" "Leave everything!" Instruct 2 passengers, "You and you, stay at the bottom and send people away" Command door evacuation: "Jump and slide!" "Get away from the plane!" Take first aid kit(s) and flashlight and evacuate. CCM 4 Command first passenger approaching exit "You! Hold people back!" Assess outside conditions. Open door and pull manual inflation handle to inflate slide (secure yourself by holding onto assist handle). Grab flashlight with other hand. Shout Commands: "me this way!" "Leave everything! Instruct 2 passengers, "You and you, stay at the bottom and send people away!" Command door evacuation: "Jump and slide!" "Get away from the plane!" Check on Flight Crew. If both are unconscious, have PSP assist you in evacuating them. Take first aid kit and flashlight and evacuate.
OVERWING/WINDOW EXITS (Secondary Exits: ALL) If unable to reach windows, shout instructions to passengers for window removal. Assess conditions as you proceed to window exit look for smoke, fire or any
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FLIGHT CREW DUTIES Captain Assist all crewmembers in evacuating passengers and opening unused exits. When all passengers/crew have evacuated, or it is no longer safe to stay, leaves the aircraft and take command of situation outside of the aircraft First Officer Assist in opening unused exits and, as soon as possible, leaves the aircraft and direct passengers away from the aircraft. 4.12.7.3. EVACUATION COMMANDS The following commands must be memorized for use in an evacuation. BEFORE TOUCH DOWN "Brace, Brace! Bend down! Stay down! Brace, brace! Capul jos! Stati aplecati!, - before touch down, when the Captain commands "Brace! Brace! Brace!" or a three-bell signal is given (as established in TESTS briefing). AFTER EVACUATION ORDER "Emergency! Open seatbelts!"- "Pericol! Desfaceti centurile!" - This command should be given to initiate the evacuation. "You! Hold people back!" Tu! Tine pasagerii pe loc! - This command is used to get the first passenger to hold other passengers back so that the Cabin crewmember can get the exit open. "Evacuate! Come this way!" - "lesiti! Veniti aici!" -This command should be given to direct passengers to a usable exit "Leave everything!"- "Lasati bagajele!" - The Cabin Crew will use this command to prevent passengers from bringing any on items with them during an evacuation. AS PASSENGERS GO THROUGH EXIT DOORS "Stand Back. Stand Back!"- "Inapoi, inapoi!" - The Cabin Crew will use this command to keep passengers away from exit so the door can be opened. "Jump and slide!"- "Sariti si alunecati!" - Inform passengers of how to go down the slide quickly. OVERWING EXITS "Leg, body, leg!"- "Intai un picior si dupa aceea, restul corpului!" - Instruct evacuation at the over wing exit or Hatch exit by commanding passengers to move through the exit Leg, body, leg, then their body, then their other leg. "Sit and slide!"-"Asezati-va si alunecati!" - To instruct the passenger to go off the wing. Point direction to go. When Exit Is Unusable "Go that way!"- "Mergeti acolo!" - To offer passengers direction to another exit, in the event that an exit is blocked. To Move From One Exit To Another
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4.12.7.4. UNPLANNED DITCHING In any unprepared emergency the reaction of the cabin crewmembers will depend largely on their situational awareness skills: The ability to identify an abnormal situation and react accordingly. When preparing for take-off and landing, the use of the "Silent Review" will heighten crewmembers' situational awareness skills, and prepare them for the unexpected. When departing or arriving to a destination that involves flying over water, some ditching information in to the "Silent Review" should be included. Think about the extra information that will need to be given to passengers, for example, the use of equipment. What commands should be used? What should be looked for, when assessing conditions? What would determine the exits, usable/unusable? What equipment should be used? How to use the slide? What equipment to take? How to manage passengers in the water? The impact phase As with any unplanned impact, one of the first actions crewmembers will need to take is to shout the commands BEND DOWN, STAY DOWN, HOLD YOUR FEET". This will reduce the amount of injury to the passengers, and give them a better chance of being able to evacuate the aircraft and survive. Remember, there maybe be more than one impact,
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Bracing The Captain's signal to all cabin crew to brace will be the PA announcement: "Brace! Brace! Brace!" In the event the PA is inoperative, three (3) bells will be given. This will tell the CCs to begin shouting the commands to the passengers: "Brace! Bend down! Stay down!" "Brace! Capul jos! Stati jos! The brace positions should be maintained until the aircraft comes to a complete and final stop and evacuation commands are initiated. If applicable, in a planned water evacuation passengers must remain seated for rafts to be brought to exits. Cabin Crew should shout commands: "Remain Seated!" "Remain Seated!" "Ramaneti pe locuri! Ramaneti pe locuri!" until rafts are in position at the exits if there is no danger for pax. TWELVE STEPS CABIN PREPARATION Step 1: Obtain Information from Captain T: Type of Emergency: You must be aware of the problem and how it will affect the evacuation. E: Evacuation is Necessary? Is there a possibility of reaching land? S: Special instructions? Weather, water conditions, nature of the expected landing. T: Time remaining to prepare? Gauge your actions accordingly. S: Signal to Brace and to Evacuate? Step 2: Brief other cabin crewmembers Brief other CC out of sight of passengers. Calm yourselves, get organized, and remain in control. Step 3: Turn Cabin Lights to Bright Captain will make announcement, advising passengers of emergency (unless he informs you otherwise). If possible, the cabin crew should be in full view of passengers during the advisory announcement. Step 4: Emergency Announcements Must Contain the Following: Fasten seatbelts Place seatbacks in upright position Stow carry-on baggage Review exit location Review appropriate emergency equipment and donning of life vests. Have pax put on life vest. Distribute spare life vests to pax with lap children. BRACE POSITION DEMO. CC must sit on seatbacks to increase visibility. Note: CCMs must be in demo positions in the cabin. CCMs will wear their crew life vests for the demo. (Use caution when demonstrating red tabs, so as not to inflate vest).
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Step 11: Cabin Ready: Advise the Captain that the cabin is secure. Cabin Crewmembers secure themselves in their assigned jumpseats and assume brace positions when ordered by Captain. Step 12: Signal to Brace/Silent Review: Begin silent review of: Location and operation of exits. Location and operation of emergency equipment and evacuation commands.
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PRE-SELECTED PASSENGERS BRIEFING (5 persons): Door If exit is safe, you, no. 1: - With two hands, rotate handle in direction of arrow (aft to forward) slowly to observe if water comes in. - Door will come in and hinge, then push door out. - If its safe, hold onto the assist handle so you dont get pushed out. - With your other hand, keep pushing the door until it is fully opened and locked against the airplane. NO RAFT: Open door and pull red manual inflation handle to inflate slide. Pull the girt cover flap back to expose the white ditching release handle. Pull the white ditching release handle. The slide will separate from the girt bar. Flip the slide over. Tell the passengers jump into the water and hold onto the handholds. RAFT: - If applicable, wait for raft to be brought to door. - Once the raft is inflated, call pax to you. Tell them to leave everything. Tell pax to inflate their life vests and step into the raft. - When all passengers have left the aircraft, or it is no longer safe for you to stay, inflate your vest and step into the raft. - Repeat your duties to me. Briefing for PSP no. 2 and no. 3 Look at PSP. Make eye contact as you assign duties. No.2 - you will hold the passengers back while I open the door, no. 1 will open the door if I am unable to. If exit is not safe - turn around and send passengers to a safe exit. If exit is safe, you no. 2 and no. 3, NO RAFT: - help people evacuate and urge them to jump into water.
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R-1
Brace! Bend down! Stay down!
L-2
Brace! Bend down! Stay down! You! Hold people back!
TAILCONE
Brace! Bend down! Stay down! You! Hold people back!
OWEs
After opening primary exit or to move down the aisle
Open seat belts! Open seat belts! Open seat belts! Open seat belts! - Emergency Light You! Hold Switch people back! - Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assist handle/Pull red manual inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Leave everything! If its not safe, redirect pax. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away! - Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Pull red manual inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Leave everything! If its not safe, redirect pax. Get out of my way! Coming through!
- Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Pull red manual inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Leave everything! If its not safe, redirect pax. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away!
- Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/ Latch open against wall
Take flashlight Enter tailcone. Eject the cone and inflate the slide manually if it did not inflate automatically. If its safe: Come this way If its not safe, redirect pax.
Assess window Open window exit Throw window out of A/C. Step aside
Jump! Slide! Get You and you! away from the Stay at the plane! bottom and send people away!
If its safe: Come this way! Leave everything! If its not safe, redirect pax.
Jump! Slide! Get Jump! Slide! Get Leave away from the away from the everything! Stay plane! plane! low!
You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away!
You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away! Jump! Slide! Get away from the plane!
Sit and slide the wing! Get away from the plane!
PRIOR TO OPENING ANY EXIT, ALWAYS ASSESS CONDITIONS. AN EVACUATION SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP
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R-1
Brace! Bend down! Stay down!
L-2
Brace! Bend down! Stay down! You! Hold people back!
TAILCONE
Brace! Bend down! Stay down!
OWEs
After opening primary exit or to move down the aisle
Open seat belts! Open seat belts! Open seat belts! Open seat belts! - ELS You! Hold - Assess door people back! - Open Door/ Hold Assist handle/Pull red inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away! - Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Pull red manual inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away! If its safe: Jump! Slide! Get away from the plane! If its not safe, redirect pax. You! Hold people back! Get out of my way! Coming through!
- Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Pull red manual inflation handle If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away!
- Assess door - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Latch open against wall
Take flashlight Enter tailcone Eject the cone and inflate the slide manually if it did not inflate automatically If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit.
Assess window Open window exit Throw window out of A/C. Step aside
If its safe: Jump! Slide! Get away from the plane! If its not safe, redirect pax.
If its safe: Leave everything! Jump! Slide! Get Stay low! away from the plane! If its not safe, redirect pax. You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away! If its safe: Jump! Slide! Get away from the plane! If its not safe, redirect pax.
You and you! Stay at the bottom and send people away!
Sit and slide the wing! Get away from the plane!
PRIOR TO OPENING ANY EXIT, ALWAYS ASSESS CONDITIONS. AN EVACUATION SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP.
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R-1
Brace! Head down! Stay down! Brace! Capul jos! Stati jos! Don life vest! Open seat belts! Luati vesta! Desfaceti centurile! You,keep passengers back! Tu, tine pasagerii in spate!
L-2
Go that way! Mergeti acolo! Point to usable exit if opened and attended
TAILCONE
Go that way! Mergeti acolo! Point to usable exit if opened and attended
OWEs
After opening primary exit or to move down the aisle
Don life vest! Open seat belts! Luati vesta! Desfaceti centurile! - Emergency Light Switch - Assess door - Check water level - Open Door/ Hold Assist handle/Pull red manual inflation handle - Detach slide If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit.
Don life vests! Out of my way! Coming through! Puneti-va vestele! La parte! Trebuie sa trec!
- Assess door - Check water level - Open Door/ Hold Assess handle/Pull red manual inflation handle - Detach slide If its safe: Come this way! Veniti aici! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit. Inflate life vest! Umflati vesta! Jump! Sariti!
- Assess window - Open window exit - Throw window out of aircraft if its safe. If not, redirect pax - Step aside Come here! Veniti aici! Leg, body, leg! Inflate life vest! Intai piciorul! Umflati vesta! Instruct PSP to attach rope tape to ring on wing. Jump! Sariti!
Jump! Sariti!
PRIOR TO OPENING ANY EXIT, ALWAYS ASSESS CONDITIONS. AN EVACUATION SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP.
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- Assess door - Check water level - Open Door/ Hold Assist handle/Pull red manual inflation handle - Detach the slide If its safe: Come here! Leave everything! Veniti aici! Lasati totul! If its not safe, redirect pax to another exit. Inflate life vest! Umflati vesta! Jump! Jump! Sariti! Sariti!
- Assess window - Open window exit - Throw window out of aircraft if its safe. If not, redirect pax - Step aside
Come here! Leave everything! Veniti aici! Lasati bagajele! Leg, body, leg! Inflate life vest! Intai piciorul! Umflati vesta! Get off the wing! Jump! Plecati de pe aripa! Sariti in apa!
PRIOR TO OPENING ANY EXIT, ALWAYS ASSESS CONDITIONS. AN EVACUATION SHOULD NOT BE INITIATED UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP.
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V X N Y
IF IN DOUBT, USE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL SOS INSTRUCTIONS 4.13.2.2. IDENTIFICATION OF SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT Containers or packages for dropping to survivors shall, when contents are indicated by color, be marked with colored streamers as follows: Red Medical supplies and first-aid Blue Food and water Yellow Blankets and protective clothing Black Miscellaneous equipment such as stoves, axes, compasses, cooking utensils etc URGENT MEDICAL ASSISTANCE NEED MEDICAL ASSISTANCE-URGENT LONG DELAY NEED MCHANICAL HELP OR PARTS
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- One arm horizontal DO NOT LAND HERE DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LAND HERE
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- Both arms forward horizontally, and point in direction of landing - Repeat NEGATIVE (GROUND)
- White cloth waved horizontally AFFIRMATIVE (AIRCRAFT) Affirmative reply from aircraft NEGATIVE (AIRCRAFT) Negative reply from aircraft
- Fishtail plane
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Rescue by air If rescue is conducted by a helicopter, you will be winched into the aircraft to safety. It is important that you are ready to be winched and that you take some basic precautions in the raft. You must wait and do exactly what you are told by the crew. The helicopter will first lower a winch man into the raft with you. Do not touch the winch man as he descends; helicopters build up an enormous amount of static electricity and the winch man will earth himself through whatever touches him first. Let this be the raft otherwise you, and he, will suffer a huge electric shock. Never attach the winch line to anything in the raft. Follow the winch man's instructions. He will probably come into the raft and will send two survivors up at a time. Be ready to tell him of any serious injuries on-board the raft. It is important to re-distribute the load as the people move out of the raft. The lighter the raft, the easier is it for the downdraft to flip it over. When being winched, you will have the strop under your arms and around your back. This is all that is holding you. Make sure the strop is tight, keep still and keep your arms dawn by your sides, or at least, if you must hold on, keep your elbows firmly down. The instinct to put your arms right up to hold on increases the danger of you falling through the strop. As you near the aircraft, just hang limply and let the crew manhandle you into the aircraft. Do not try to help them - they know what they are doing and will find it much easier without hindrance from someone who does not. Once in the aircraft, life jackets should be deflated as in all aircraft, just in case of a second ditching! Rescue from a boat Drifting ashore is probably a rare form of rescue and even then, may not be rescue but merely a transition from one form of survival to another if the land which you drift onto is remote and sparsely populated. This, in many ways, is more difficult as a transfer from a raft or from the water into a boat can be tricky. If it is a lifeboat that comes to your assistance, do exactly what the crew tell you. Clear any debris away from the side of the raft, i.e. streamers or rope to enable the boat to come in close without getting entangled. You may be given a large drogue to help keep the raft steady during rescue use it, especially if this is a combined rescue and you are ultimately going to be winched to safety
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MAX. FLIGHT TIME: RANGE (varies on conditions): CRUISE SPEED: MAX. OPERATING ALTITUDE: PASSENGER SEATING CAPACITY:
CREW:
EXIT:
L1 - Forward Entry Door R1 - Forward Galley Door L2 - Aft Galley Door A1 - Aft Entry Door 4 over wing exit
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OPENING THE STAIRWAY FROM THE INSIDE The stairway can be opened and closed by the switches on the Cabin Crew Panel.
1 - Stair Down Light - illuminates after stairway completely extends and the handrails are locked 2 - Stair Door Open Light (amber) - it illuminates when the stairway compartment is opened 3 - Stair Control Switch operates the stairway
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Red Warning Flag A red warning flag is installed next to the viewing window in each entry door L1, R1 and L2. In the warning position, the flag is clearly visible to anyone looking in the window from outside the airplane. This is a visual warning that the girt bar has been attached to the floor brackets and the slide will automatically deploy when the door is opened. WARNING: In a non-emergency situation, opening the door from the inside or outside with the door slide armed will deploy the slide and cause injury or death to the person(s) standing outside the door.
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5.2.3. EMERGENCY OPERATION OF L1, R1 AND L2 Rotating the door handle fully aft (to OPEN) and opening the door with the girt bar fastened to the floor brackets automatically deploys the slide. In certain adverse airplane attitudes, direct two able-bodied passengers to assist in pushing the door out and forward to the open position. To open the door and deploy the slide: assess the escape route conditions observe cabin interior and airplane exterior conditions to identify usable escape exits ensure the airplane has stopped and the engines are shut down verify the girt bar is fastened to the floor brackets rotate the door handle and open the door. pull manual inflation handle. WARNING: If the slide does not inflate after manual attempt, do not use. Direct passengers to another exit. If an inflated slide deflates: it may be used as an apron slide direct two able-bodied passengers to climb down the slide using it as a rope direct the two passengers to then use the hand-holds provided on the sides of the slide to hold it taut while the remaining passengers exit one at a time. There are 4 one lane escape slides to enable rapid evacuation in an emergency. The inflatable and heat resistant evacuation slides are located at the forward passenger door (L1), at the forward and aft service doors (R1-L2) and at aft tail cone. There are no slides on the over wings, so evacuation is performed by sliding on the flaps. The slides on the L1, R1 and L2 can be inflated manually. When the door is opened on the "armed" position, only the slide's container falls down. To inflate the slide, the manual inflation handle on it must be pulled. If the band on the point of the handle breaks off, cord is wrapped around the hand and pulling process is performed. Slide inflates nearly in 5-10 seconds.
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5.2.3.1. USE OF SLIDE AS A FLOTATION AID see chapter 4, 4.12.7.6, page 66 The slides of L1 and R1 doors are flotation devices. The slides have white detach handle and a mooring line. A detach handle below the flap cover of the girt bar separates the girt bar from the slide. After pulling the detach handle the mooring line prevents the slide drifting away from the aircraft. When the red strap above the slide is pulled then the mooring line will snap and the slide will separate from the aircraft. Rotate the door handle (Open the door by pushing it and make it locked on the fuselage) Pull the red handle to inflate the slide Lift up the cover to see the white disengage handle Pull the disengage handle ( finally the mooring line, that keeps the slide fixed on the aircraft, will be left) Pull the red disengage strap on the slide to separate the slide from the mooring line. An inflated slide helps the passengers float on water by grasping it. The back side of the slide can be used by reversing it. Even it is reversed or not, adults grasp the bands around it and the children, the sick or the handicapped passengers are set on the slide.
DISENGAGE HANDLE
5.2.3.2. SLIDE RELOCATION PROCEDURE Keep door closed. Disengage girt bar from floor brackets. Remove manual slide pack from casing by pulling down hard on girt bar. Transport slide pack to desired exit. Attach girt bar to brackets, push out of door and inflate.
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VIEWING WINDOW
Exit has been designed and constructed so that it cannot be opened during flight.
Aft pax entrance door handle AFT C/C SEAT SHOWN EXTENDED FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES. SEAT BOTTOM SPRING-LOADED TO FOLD INTO RECESS TO ALLOW DOOR TO OPEN.
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5.2.4.1. VENTRAL PASSENGER STAIRWAY The ventral entrance passenger stairway is used for passenger boarding. The ventral stairway is operated by hydraulic power and it gets power from the hydraulic system. The hydraulic pumps on the right side are set to "ON" position by the cockpit to operate the stairway. The ventral stairway can also be controlled from the inside and the outside of the aircraft. The internal stairway control panel is located just behind the entrance door and when the door is opened it is on the right side. The panel is on the passing way division and it has Indication Lights and a Service Light Switch. The external stairway control panel is located on the aft below fuselage, which is next to the stairway compartment lid, and it is cover up with a latched lid. The panel has an upside down T shape handle where an "Open-Closed" sign is written on. The stairway can be extended by its normal falling without a hydraulic power. But the hydraulic pumps in the cockpit must definitely be on the "ON" position to retract the stairway. The ventral stairway is extended by setting the external control handle to the "open" position and this position is kept until the stairway is completely extended. To retract the stairway set the handle to the "closed" position until the stairway is completely retracted. The stair switch on the Aft Cabin Crew Panel controls the stairway lights and is set to "ON" position before use. When the stairway is completely extended, the green "Stair Down" light illuminates. The amber "Stair Door Open" light indicates that the stairway is not locked and closed. Both lights must be controlled before boarding and de-boarding the passengers. The stairway alert sign on the pilot alert panel illuminates as the stairway is extended. It must be ensured that the stairway is completely retracted and the "Stair Down" and "Stair Door Open" lights are turned off before closing the ventral door. After retracting the stair and locking it to the "Closed" position, the door is closed by the "Door Control Handle" on it.
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WARNING
5.2.4.3. SAFETY BARRIER STRAP across aisle aft area The red barrier strap in front of the aft right lavatory is locked to the other side of the left lavatory. This must be fastened during take-off and landing. This process prevents passenger boarding and de-boarding from the rear part until the cabin crew opens the door. If the door is open during fuelling, the safety barrier strap must be fastened. This cross-aisle barrier strap is also provided to retain passengers while the A1 cabin crew makes preparations for a tailcone emergency exit.
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5.2.4.6. TAILCONE MANUAL JETTISON HANDLE If the tail cone fails to fall down, the spring system back-up handle, which is on the right side at the end of the walkway, it is pulled strongly. The back-up handle must be pulled maximum twice, if the tail cone does not fall, passengers must be directed to other usable exits.
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5.2.5. OVERWING EXITS Description There are four plug type window exits in the passenger cabin. These exits can be opened from the inside and the outside of the aircraft. When the handle is pulled, the lock is disconnected and the window is opened towards the inside. The window that is removed must be thrown outside towards the wing and to the opposite side of the evacuation direction or they must be put on the pax seat in a way that does not block the exit. Features Escape line - A nylon emergency escape line is installed above each overwing exit door in the passenger compartment. One end of each line is secured to the aircraft structure above the doors. For emergency exit from the passenger compartment, remove emergency exit door, extend free end of line through door opening, and drape line over wing. The nylon lines are rolled in containers when stowed. Escape ropes are to be used in ditching only. Four "emergency exit locators'' that is facing the overwing exits are located under the hatracks. These plastic locations denote help to find the overwing exits in the darkness. The passenger seat armrests are taken to the upright position to enable the passing to the overwing exits. The armrest on the window side is installed on the window. There are no slides on the overwings and the passengers are evacuated by sliding on the flaps.
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Equipment Flight Compartment Escape Lines - A nylon emergency escape line is installed over each clearview window in the flight compartment. One end of each line is secured to the aircraft structure above each clearview window. For emergency exit from the flight compartment, open clearview window and extend free end of line through window opening. The nylon lines are coiled in containers when stowed. Sliding Clear view Windows Schematic
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UP & DOWN
5.3.3. REINFORCED FLIGHT DECK DOOR This door is used for the flight crew as an exit. If the door latch handle does not unlatch the door, the pull ring latch bolt release at the top of the door can be used to exit the flight deck. If the door is locked a ring latch bolt located at the top of the door is pulled to unlock and open the door. NOTE: THE DEAD BOLT MUST BE NORMALLY UNLOCKED. If the door is not locked then the latch is used or the ring of decompression panel is pulled to use it for exit. To exit through one of the decompression panels lift the latch release tab to the red zone and pull the latch bolt. The decompression panel will then pull forward and away from the door. Remote Access System Flight or ground emergency (rescue) Entry demand is made through the ALL KEY PAD CODE entering a pre-set 4 digit code followed by the pound (#) sign. Response from Flight Crew Select UNLK on the Flight Deck Door Control Panel to ON position immediately allow entry. Select DENY on the Flight Deck Door Control Panel to ON position deny entry and disable the keypad for five (5) minutes. No response from Flight Crew The aural alert sounds and the AUTO UNLK light illuminates continuously. At thirty (30) seconds the aural alert sounds again.
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Flow Outlet
Demand Outlet
Carrying strap
The flight crew oxygen system consists of a supply cylinder, a shutoff valve with a cylinder pressure gage, a safety discharge fitting, a supply pressure regulator, automatic pressure breathing diluter-demand regulators, oro-nasal masks, and a quick-disconnect test fitting. Toggle valves on the diluter-demand regulators permit selection of methods of supplying oxygen to the masks. The supply toggle, located on the right side of the regulator panel, is placarded ON, OFF, and can be safetied to the ON position. When the supply toggle is in the OFF position, the regulator will not supply oxygen to the mask. The diluter toggle, located in the center of the regulator panel, is placarded NORMAL OXYGEN and 100% OXYGEN. When the diluter toggle is in the 100% OXYGEN position only pure oxygen is supplied to the mask; in the NORMAL OXYGEN position, ambient air is mixed with oxygen according to cabin altitude. The emergency toggle, located on the left side of the regulator panel, is placarded EMERGENCY NORMAL, and TEST MASK. In the TEST MASK position, oxygen is supplied to the mask for test purposes. The emergency toggle is spring-loaded from the TEST MASK position to the NORMAL or center position. In the EMERGENCY position, positive pressure is supplied to the mask at all cabin altitudes.
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Cabin crew panels are located adjacent to all cabin crew jumpseats, forward, mid and aft. They are within reach from a sitting position in each jumpseat. FORWARD C/C PANEL Emergency Light Switch PA Interphone Handset Boarding Music Controls - If installed Stair Controls Call Buttons - Pilot/C/C Reset Button Ceiling light control Sidewalls light control Entry lights Aisle lights C/C Reading Light Switch LIGHT Upper Side Wall - There is a round switch which can operate ceiling light from Off to Dim and Bright position. Lower Side Wall - There is a round switch which can operate window lights from Off to Dim and Bright position. Entry - illuminates forward entry, has two position, On-Off ATT - Cabin crew member reading lights are 3 positioned. Bright-Off-Dim Aisle - illuminates the fluorescent light on the ceiling of forward entry. 3 positions: Bright-Off-Dim Lav - illuminates frw lavatory. 2 position: Bright-Dim. In Bright position it is bright, no matter if the door is closed or opened; in dim position, it is related with the locking of the door. MUSIC - It is composed of a rotating volume switch STAIRWAYS OPERATION LIGHTS AND SWITCHES There are 2 lights: Stair door open: amber color; means that the compartment cover is open when in "ON" position. Stair down: green color; it means that the stairway is completely extended and the handrails are attached. Light goes off when the handrails are disconnected. Up button: the switch which retracts the stairway, it must be pressed until the stairways retracts completely. Down button: the switch which extend s the stairways, push the button until the stairways completely touches the ground. EMERGENCY LIGHT SWITCH It has 3 positions, Arm-On-Off. It must be in arm position to be charged. Using period is 15 min.
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AFT C/C
PANEL PA/interphone Handset Call Buttons - Pilot/C/C Reset Button Aisle Light Control Lavatory light control Tailcone light control Music Controls - If installed F/A Reading Light Switch
LIGHT AISLE: The switch used for illuminating the ceiling light on the way to the cabin from the aft entry; Dim-Bright-Off positioned. ATT: Illuminates work lights for cabin crew member. Dim-Bright-Off positioned. LAV: Illuminates aft lavatories. Dim -Bright positioned. STAIR: Illuminates aft entry door; On-Off positioned NOTE: Some call buttons are on the inside of the handset along with the PA activation button. In order to reset the pink/red light, you must return the handset to the bracket.
5.7.1. PUBLIC ADDRESS The Public Address (PA) System provides the means for the pilots and C/C to make announcements to the passengers through speakers in the passenger compartment and lavatories. The PA handset that operates the system is located in each forward, mid, aft cabin crew panels, and the cockpit. To test the PA system, press "Announce/PA" button; speak into the handset at the beginning of each trip. The priority sequence (listed in order of priority) is as follows: Pilot's PA Announcement Cabin Crew PA Announcements PA Operation Press the announcement button located on the F/A panels. Push P/A button, make the announcement by pushing "Push to talk" button. This button must be pushed during the announcement. In order to turn off PA system, you must hang up the handset. First it is placed the lower part and then the upper part. Handset do not have a reset button
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Seats are arranged in rows of five in the main cabin. Main cabin seats are labeled A", "C" in the section of seats on aircraft left and "D "E and "F" in the section of seats on aircraft right. On aircraft designed for Business class, seats in the forward cabin will be arranged in sections of two on each side of the aisle. Seatbacks are adjustable from full forward to fully reclined positions by means of a push button control in the armrest. Seats at the overwing emergency exits are positioned to meet EU-OPS requirements for noninterference with an evacuation route. Therefore, the recline and break-over functions of some seats are restricted. All seats located in the overwing exit rows are the only designated "Exit Rows" on board the aircraft. Each seat is provided with the following: A service tray attached to the back of each passenger seat, or an integral armrest mounted tray. A stowage pocket, for emergency card(s), sick bags, etc., is located on the back of each seat, or installed on the fuselage, for seats that do not have stowage pockets. All armrests may be folded up flush with seatbacks to give additional room when adjacent seats are not occupied, except: Integral mounted armrest. Armrests adjacent to the aisle. (Some aisle armrests do fold up). Window armrest for seats located at the overwing exits (armrest is attached to exit). Edition 2 Chapter 5 Page 48 May 2010
There are overhead compartments on the right and along the corridor adjacent to the ceiling. The seat numbers are also located here. (Maximum carrying capacity is 47.5 kg.)
There are five C/C jumpseats located throughout the cabin. All jumpseat seat bottoms are spring loaded to the "retracted" position. The required jumpseat positions on the aircraft are as follows: SC/C - forward jumpseat L1 C/C 2 - aft tailcone jumpseat A1 C/C 3 - mid cabin L2 C/C 4 - forward jumpseat R1 C/C 5 - aft tailcone jumpseat (aircraft right) Preflight: Check to see that seat springs back. Check that shoulder harnesses retract. Check that lap belt is there and secure. Make certain that buckle fastens and unfastens easily. Refasten seat belts/shoulder harnesses. Raise seat bottom. Operation: Lower seat bottom. Sit down. Fasten lap belt. Fasten shoulder harness. Use: C/C should be on their jumpseat, with shoulder harness and lap belt buckled, after emergency equipment demonstrations and compliance checks have been completed prior to takeoff, and after final compliance checks prior to landing. C/C are to remain in their jumpseats until reaching a safe cruising altitude, or until 10,000 feet. During those times, C/C may only leave their jumpseats for safety related purposes.
5.12. JUMPSEATS
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Location There are three lavatory compartments on each aircraft. They are located aft left and right, and one fwd left. Equipment: Flushing toilets - Electrically flushing toilet with three gallons (11 liters) of water and disinfectant. Do not put coffee, tea or paper towels in the toilet (as it may clog toilet or affect the sanitizing fluid). Potable water tank - It is located in the forward right hand side in the middle cargo compartment door and has a capacity of 47 gallons (180 l). Water service panel is located on the left lower part of the fuselage. The lights which shows the water amount is located in the part which indicates the amount of the drained water. Technical personnel are responsible of its controls. Wash basin Waste tanks used water from wash basin and toilets is stored in waste tanks. This tank is controlled by the technical personnel from the exterior service panel. Water heater - Electrically heats two quarts of water for the basin. Keeps water from freezing in flight. Available under every lavatory water basin. Supplies hot water. When overheated, it automatically gets into the "OFF" position automatically. Water Shut-Off Valve its located below the silver water heater. C/C can manually shut water off in individual lavatory.
5.13. LAVATORIES
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There are 2 galleys: one in forward area between the L1 and R1 doors and one in AFT area adjacent to the L2 door. Galley power must be activated from the cockpit. Water quantity gauge is outside the aircraft, and cannot be checked by C/C. Coffee Makers: Place empty coffeepot on warmer pad Place pillow of coffee into coffee holder (seam down) Turn on POWER button Press BREW button Press WARMER button Hot and cold water is available from the spigots near the coffee makers, Warming Plate - Used to keep coffee warm underneath coffee pot Galley Storage: Multiple compartments marked for use: Each compartment must be placarded for weight capacity Do not exceed posted weight placard Missing placards must be written up in Irregularity Report, bins may not be used, and Captain must be notified All galley latches must be in place for every takeoff and landing.
5.14. GALLEYS
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Operation 1. Remove vacuum sealed pouch from the protective canister. 2. Tear open the pouch by pulling sharply on the red tag. 3. Don PBE Place both hands inside neck seal opening with palms facing each other and PBE visor facing downward with the K02 canister on top of hands. With head bent forward, guide the neck seal over the top of the head and down over the face, using hands to shield face and glasses from the mask cone. Remove hands and make sure clothing and hair is not trapped between seal and neck. Pull flap over canister and down to cover collar and shoulder area. Ensure hair is intact inside so it will not break the neck seal. 4. Pull the straps forward to start the oxygen flow. 5. Pull backward on straps to secure the mask cone high on the nose for a tight seal.
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Removal of Hood When fire is extinguished or when hood begins to collapse, indicating oxygen has been depleted. Move away from fire source. With both thumbs, reach for the two larger corners of the visor area and push forward on the metal tabs of the adjustment buckles to release strap tension. Place both hands under neck seal over face until PBE is clear of head. Shake hair free with fingers to remove chemical from hair. Place PBE in a safe place to cool - away from fire or exposure to water 2. Air Liquide PBE P/N 15-40F-11
15 minutes of operating time guaranteed Oxygen source specifications: Pressure: 2175 PSI (150 bar) Capacity: 39 liters NTPD Maximum temperature inside the hood: 103 F (39,5 C) Weight: Hood: 1,5 kg - 3,08 lbs Total packed weight: 2,4 kg 5,29 lbs
No chemical generator Oxygen flow starts automatically when the hood is put on the head Equipped with a speech diaphragm for communication Polycarbonate visor treated with anti-fog and anti-scratch coating for perfect visibility Exhaled CO2 absorbed
Operation: Remove vacuum sealed pouch from the protective canister. Tear open the pouch by pulling sharply on the red tag. Don PBE put fingers on marked places and pull apart the neck seal. shake the hood to open Edition 2 Chapter 5 Page 59 May 2010
15 minutes of operating time guaranteed Oxygen source specifications: Low-Pressure Chemical Oxygen Generator Maximum temperature inside the hood: 103 F (39,5 C) Weight: Hood: 1,7 kg - 3.75 lbs Total packed weight: 2,3 kg 5,15 lbs
A solid-state chemical oxygen generator supply source with no oxygen loss during storage Completely disposable breathing unit, operable to 40,000 ft. Hood permits oral communication without compromising protection.
Operation: Remove vacuum sealed pouch from the protective canister. Tear open the pouch by pulling sharply on the red tag. Pull actuation ring in direction indicated to start oxygen flow. Hear the flow noise of oxygen. Shake hood to open. Don PBE With the sound of oxygen flowing, hold device with life support pack away from user. Place both hands inside neck seal. Insert chin into hole and pull hood across face and over head. While standing upright, pull hood down until headband firmly engages forehead. Fit the oro-nasal mask over mouth and nose. Clear neck seal of obstructions and check neck seal for secure fit.
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5.15.3. FIRE FIGHTING GLOVES A pair of protective gloves is located in the cockpit of each aircraft. These gloves are heat resistant. They are used to hold hot surfaces and also to remove materials (not on fire) and crumbs away from the fire source. Pre-flight check Check correct stowage. 5.15.4. SMOKE GOGGLES Their purpose is to provide protection for eyes in smoke filled environment. To be used in conjunction with oxygen system. Pre-flight check Check correct stowage. 5.15.5. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (ref OPS 1.790) 5.15.5.1. WATER (H2O) Water fire extinguishers contain a solution of water mixed with antifreeze. The container is pressurized by a C02 cartridge when the extinguisher handle is rotated fully clockwise. General Description: Grey or grey-green in color. Used for Class A (material fires) only. Discharge duration is 30-45 seconds with a range of up to 20 feet (6 meters). Pre-Flight: Ensure the correct stowage and the extinguisher is secure. Safety wire and seal are intact. Cartridge is in the handle.
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5.15.5.2. HALON The Halon extinguisher contains a liquefied gas agent (Halon 1211) under pressure. The extinguisher pressure indicator shows three pressure ranges: recharge acceptable overcharged Description: Red-colored cylinder. Effective for all types of fire, but primarily on B (burn) and C (current) class fires. A safety pin with a pull ring prevents accidental trigger movement. When released, the liquefied gas agent vaporizes and extinguishes the fire. Avoid discharging the halon directly on to people due to the possibility of suffocation. Discharge duration is 7-10 seconds from a distance of 10 feet (3 meters). Pre-flight: Stowed and secured properly in bracket. Gauge needle in green zone Pin is sealed with a wire or plastic hasp. Operation: Remove from stowage. Remove the ringed safety pin.
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5.15.5.3. AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER - LAVATORY An automatic fire extinguishing system is located beneath the sink in each lavatory, above the rubbish container. It operates automatically when the temperature in container reaches 76-80 C. The extinguisher discharges non-toxic freon gas through one, or both of two heat-activated nozzles. Both nozzles discharge toward the waste disposal container. The color of the nozzle tip will change to an aluminum color when the extinguisher has discharged. A temperature indicator placard is located on the inside of the access door below each sink. A temperature indicator is located inside the waste compartment below each sink. White/grey dots on the indicator turn black when exposed to high temperatures. If an indicator has turned black, or a nozzle tip has changed color, it should be assumed that the fire extinguisher has discharged. Pre-flight check is done by maintenance.
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Press-totalk
Grip handle
5.15.7. SMOKE DETECTORS All aircraft are provided with smoke detection equipment in the lavatories. It activates automatically, if there is a defined concentration of particles in the air. Should any smoke develop in a lavatory, so that a defined concentration of particles is reached, the smoke detection system shall activate an oral and visual alarm, accompanied by an illuminated amber light outside the lavatory door and master call panels. General description: - Round or square, ceiling or wall mounted fixture - Small green or red indicator lights Preflight check: Check to see that is there; On Jamco Smoke Detectors, check for a steady green indicator light On other smoke detectors check for a blinking red indicator light which would blink every 5 to 7 seconds. Operation: Smoke detectors will sound when there is smoke in the lavatory; To silence a smoke alarm when the danger is passed push the reset button and follow by fanning the detector to dissipate residual smoke to prevent reactivating
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5.15.8. CRASH (FIRE) AXE (ref OPS 1.795) The fire axe is intended for use in emergency, e.g. breaking and cutting inside the aircraft or cutting through any obstruction and removing material from a fire area. General Description Consisting of a picked end used for puncturing or tearing. Blunt end used for chopping or cutting. The axe is equipped with a handle insulated against electrical shock. Pre-flight check Flight deck completes pre-flight check. Use: Tearing into burning or smoking upholstery. Piercing and prying aircraft interiors to get at base of a fire. For land survival following an evacuation. 5.15.9. ESCAPE LIFE-LINES ref to 5.2.5, page 31 There are installed above each emergency escape hatch frame. They can be used as a handhold in a ditching situation. The over wing emergency exits must be opened to expose the straps. 5.15.10. EMERGENCY FLASHLIGHTS General Description The emergency flashlight is mounted in a bracket adjacent to all C/C jumpseats and is equipped with a nylon lanyard and a red monitoring circuit. The light has duration of approximately 4-5 hours with continuous use. The emergency flashlight is for emergency use only and is never used as a work light. Pre-flight check Check to see that the unit is there. Secured with either a plastic or wire break away shield Red monitoring circuit is flashing approx. every 10 seconds. Flash time reflects strength of battery condition and duration. Operation remove from bracket flashlight shlight will illuminate automatically
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5.15.10.1. PORTABLE EMERGENCY FLASHLIGHT A portable light is installed on the forward bulkhead adjacent to the passenger entrance door. This kind of flash light is charged as long as it is fixed in its place and the emergency light switch is on armed position. This charge operation can be checked from the amber light on it. It can be used for 3 hours when fully charged. The switch must be brought to ON position when its removed from its place. Removal/Operation Lift up on tabs. Push buttons on each side of light. Remove light. Disconnect plug on back. Turn switch on front of light to "ON". 5.15.11. MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Medallion Air aircrafts are equipped with first aid kits and emergency medical kits. The contents of these kits fully comply with the requirements of EU-OPS 1.745. The medical equipment on board consists of the following kits: 5.15.11.1. FIRST AID KIT (ref to OPS 1.745) Emergency First Aid Kits are provided for first aid use in case of serious injuries during flight or in case of an emergency landing/ditching. As far as practicable, C/C shall refrain from recommending medication to passengers, rather informing about drugs available and offering them on passenger request only from First Aid Kit. These kits are sealed thus ensuring that all contents are intact. They are replenished and checked whenever necessary or the seal is broken. A list of contents presented in 2 languages (English and Romanian) is attached to the kit. Basic instructions for use of the drugs as well as information on the effects and side effects are available inside each kit. Bandages (10cmx5cm) Burns dressings with Iodine Wound dressings, large and small Adhesive tape (2m) Adhesive wound closures Splints, suitable for upper and lower limbs Safety pins and scissors Disposable gloves 2 sizes Disposable resuscitation aid Antiseptic wound cleaner - Betadyne Edition 2 Chapter 5 Page 66 May 2010
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5.15.11.3. BREATHING BARRIER General Description Clear plastic two-piece oral-nasal device Encased in sealed plastic covering Used when performing CPR Provides barrier to infection from bodily fluids Pre-flight check Check to see that it is there Check to see that plastic wrap is intact Operation Remove plastic wrap Insert mouth tube into oral-nasal cover Place oral-nasal cover over both nose and mouth of victim Hold base of oral-nasal cover tightly to surrounding skin to create tight seal Place your mouth on mouth tube Breathe slowly into victim through breathing barrier Check to see that chest rises with each breath you give Follow CPR and Rescue Breathing instructions as outline in First Aid Chapter 5.15.12. LIFE VESTS (ref OPS 1.825) General Life vests are provided for passengers and crew in event of a ditching. A life vest assembly consists of two-coated nylon fabric independent cells, each equipped with a check valve subassembly and an oral tube assembly. A T handle and lanyard is provided on each inflator to allow the user to discharge the CO2 cylinders into the cells. The back panel assembly is a single piece of fabric used in conjunction with waist straps to secure the life vest to the user. A sea survivor locator lights consists of a water-activated battery, a light lead with connector plug. Each life vest is in a sealed plastic bag. Vests are located in a "sling" under each passenger seat. Fifteen (15) additional vests are provided on A/C and are located aft RHS overhead bin. Spare passenger vests are to replace missing/defective vests. Each vest is in a sealed plastic package. The package has a pull tab or zip lock type opening for rapid vest removal. Life vests are dual chambered with each chamber independent of the other. One chamber is sufficient for floatation. The vest can be inflated by pulling down on red "pull to inflate" tabs which activate the C02 cartridges, one for each chamber. The vests may also be inflated by blowing air into the manual inflation tubes, located at shoulder level, one for each chamber. Each vest is equipped with one locator light and is powered by a water-activated battery. The battery is activated by submerging the battery in water. Passenger life vests are yellow and crew life vests are orange/red. Life vests are considered the primary source of inflation in an unplanned water emergency where time and passenger evacuation takes precedence. Pre-flight check Check to see that it (they) are there, They are in a sealed or zip lock pouch,
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5.15.14. SAFETY DEMO EQUIPMENT EU-OPS regulations require that safety equipment announcements and demonstrations be made for every take-off. C/C demonstration kits are considered part of the emergency equipment for each aircraft. It in necessary to preflight check demo equipment to ensure equipment is in good condition. Demo Kit contains: One seat belt extensions One demo 02 mask One demo life vest One safety information card for that aircraft type 5.15.15. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (E.L.T.) ref OPS 1.820/1.830 General Description The ELT has been developed as a means of locating downed aircraft. The Artex C406-2 series transmits on all 3 emergency frequencies (121.5/243.0 and 406.025 MHz.) The ELT automatically activates during a crash and transmits the standard swept tone on 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. It also transmits a 406.025 MHz encoded digital message to the COSPAS/SARSAT satellite system, which allows for rapid identification and reduces search and rescue response time. The C406-2 series has been tested to meet the rigorous requirements including 500 G shock, 1000 pound crush, flame and vibration tests and continues to operate normally. Continued operation in a temperature range of -20C through +55C is assured. The ELT automatically activates during a crash and transmits the standard swept tone on 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. Every 50 seconds for 520 milliseconds the 406.025 MHz transmitter turns on. During that time an encoded digital message is sent to the satellite. The information contained in that message is shown below: - Serial Number Of The Transmitter or Aircraft ID
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PULSE Determination of pulse failure The most suitable way to do a pulse check is through patient's wrists and arteries. If its not possible to feel the pulse by touching the wrists, it must be checked by gently pressing the jugular vein. Run your index and middle fingers softly until you reach the patient's jugular vein on his/her neck side. Try to feel the pulse. Pulse failure must be determined at least in 5-10 seconds. Ask for assistance. Pulse check through the aorta could be hazardous: Blood, which pumped to the brain tissues, may slow down. Heartbeat can be weakened. Heartbeats A normal pulse rate is between: 60-80 beats per minute for Adults 80-100 beats per minute for Children 100-120 beats per minute for Babies Pulse can be checked: through wrists along the thumb line through touching the jugular vein through groin 6.1.5. THE MOST CRUCIAL AND HAZARDOUS THREE CONDITIONS RESPIRATION AND HEART FAILURE If heart failure exceeds four minutes, severe brain damage can occur. Even if the heart and airway start working, the patient will still be in vegetative state. SERIOUS/SEVERE BLEEDING If an adult loses approximately 1 Lt of blood, it can be dangerous for health. The level of danger is higher for kids. SHOCK In general bleeding, fear and pain which caused by serious wounding incidents, can result in shock. Symptoms sometimes may not be visible for if the right actions are not taken this could cause death. 6.1.6. PASSENGERS THAT ARE NOT MEDICALLY ALLOWED ON THE AIRCRAFT Patients with small pocks, chicken pocks and meningitis People that have chest pains People that have had a recent heart attack The last 4 weeks of pregnancy 7 days after birth Babies that are younger than 7 days 6.1.7. ILLNESS ON BOARD AND REPORTING OF INCIDENTS In the event of illness or injury of a passenger in flight, it is the duty of the SCC to report to the commander and to coordinate first aid procedures. In the event of any medical incident SCC must fill-in in the Medical Incident Report the following information: Name, address, telephone number of the ill/injured person; Description of illness/injury;
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Usually caused by rapid rising or dropping of aircraft, warm cabin, irregular or insufficient food and rest, over indulgence in food or drink and/or emotional disturbances such as fear of flying. Symptoms: - Pale and sweating skin - Feeling of vomiting (even on a empty stomach) - Uneasiness and restlessness Action: Keep cabin cool during rough air Calm the passenger Open individual air vent and instruct passenger to breathe deeply Recline seat, and close window shades. Make them look at a fixed point. Make them sit comfortably Tell them to put there head back and not to move too much Give him/her a sickness bag Apply cold, damp towels to victim's forehead and back of neck Keep him/her under supervision Treatment after vomiting has ceased Offer cold, damp towel. Offer crushed ice or carbonated beverages to rinse mouth (Toss carbonated beverage from glass to glass to reduce carbonation). Do not allow victim to drink large amounts of liquid, as this will induce further vomiting. If known to be a diabetic, offer mildly sweetened (not saccharin) drink after vomiting ceases to get sugar back in their system Try to keep victim seated and quiet Help victim to lie down if there is room
6.2. AIRSICKNESS
Symptoms: - Fever above 38 C / Rapid pulse - Nausea and vomiting - Pain on right abdomen or groin area - Constipation Action: Lie the patient on his/her back Cold compress on the groin area Do not give food or drink
6.3. APPENDICITIS
6.4. ASTHMA
Asthma is an illness that can be seen at any age. Usually the crisis on the aircraft is not the first one. Illness is known; therefore pax should have medication with him. In case of crisis there is danger of suffocation and loss of consciousness. Causes: - Allergy resulting from flying substances in the air (Some people have allergy to some
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The most crucial emergency situation is when natural breathing ceases. If the patient is unconscious there is a big risk of him/her chocking because of the tongue falling back or the airway getting blocked. It should never be forgotten that seconds are very important. Before starting the treatment you must make sure that the patients airway is open. To do this, put one of your hands under the patients neck and lift up, the other hand is put on his/her forehead and pressed back. This is a basic move and could be enough to open the airway. To control the patients breathing, keep the patients head in the right position and put you ear towards the mouth of the patient. Keep an eye on the patients chest. Try to hear the sound of the patient breathing. Also you can place a little mirror near the mouth or nose; if the mirror steams up, this is a sign showing that the patient is breathing. During the respiration procedure, try to feel the warm air coming out from the chest. If the patient stops breathing you must immediately start the procedure to revive the patients. By putting the patients head back this will open the airway. Close the nostrils of the patient by squeezing them. Keep the other hand out the back side in the same condition.
The reviver takes a deep breath and blows into the patients mouth; Keep an eye on the patients chest if it rises or not.
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If there is no exchange of air, the reviver checks the position of the head and resettles the chin. If there is still no exchange, there is a possibility that it has been blocked by foreign objects. Place your fingers in the patients mouth and try to take out the foreign object. If the airway does not open, lay the patient on his/her side hit the blade bone 3 to 4 times strongly. Lay the victim on his back again and put one of your hands on his/her abdomen, put one hand on top of the other and make a powerful blows and push upwards hard. Make 5 swift moves. If there is any foreign matter in the mouth coming from the lungs, then clean it with your finger. Put the head back and try to help them breath periodically.
If conscious person suddenly stops breathing, it is highly possible that some foreign material closed his/her air passages or the person is having a heart attack. If some foreign material closes his/her air passages, the person can not speak, they will nod their heads and hold their throats. The person who is having a heart attack can hardly speak.
6.6. BLEEDING
Serious bleeding can be defined as the second most important emergency medical incident. In severe bleeding, the blood pumps or spurts from the wound with each heart beat. If the amount of the loss of blood is excessive, patient can die in a few minutes. It can be dangerous if an adult looses 1 pint of blood. Even less amount of (less than 1 pint) blood loss can be dangerous and hazardous for children. Ideally sterile dressing should be used, if it is necessary you can use bandage. If there is no broken bones lift the bleeding part up to heart level. If the bleeding doesnt stop, make sure that your hands apply pressure on the artery close to the heart to stop the bleeding. Put pressure above the wound (5-6 cm); this can be done with a piece of cloth, tie or bandage. Wrap this item above the wound and tie a knot, place a piece of wood or pen on the knot, tie 2 knots on top, then twist the wood slowly to stop the bleeding. The tourniquet must be applied without removing the clothes and the bandage. Write down the time of the tourniquet and pin it to the patient! The tourniquet must never be left for a long time (2 hours) and must be loosened every 15 minutes. If it is an artery wound place the tourniquet upstream the bleeding area;
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6.6.2. BLEEDING FROM THE MOUTH Action: Attempt to determine the source of bleeding by making an inquiry and close observation. If bleeding from mouth, gums, tongue or recent oral surgery direct pressure should be applied. Do not give anything to eat or drink. If unable to determine source of bleeding, internal bleeding may be present. Do not give anything to eat or drink. Anticipate vomiting. Place person in reclined position. Elevate feet and administer oxygen. 6.6.3. BRAIN HEMORRHAGE Symptoms: - Sudden and deep unconsciousness - One of the eye pupils is bigger than the other - Difficulty in inhaling and exhaling - Body temperature below normal - Deformation to the mouth. Action: Make sure air passage is clear and always stays open Do not give any food or drink Give oxygen
An average person has 120/80 mg blood pressure, but it may differ from person to person. High blood pressure symptoms: - Back of the neck and head ache - Exhaustion - Nausea Action: High blood pressure is a chronic illness. The passenger must carry own medicine. Low blood pressure symptoms: - Dizziness - Pins and needles in the eyes - Fainting Action: Relax the passenger. Give him/her coffee/coca-cola.
Normal body temperature is 36.5 C when measured from the armpit and 37 C from the mouth and anus. Temperature for adults is measured from the mouth and armpit for babies and from anus for 5 min. Reasons of temperature decrease - Poisoning, unconsciousness, freezing, deep shocks Reasons of temperature increase - Insect bites, wearing too much in hot/moist weather Edition 2 Chapter 6 Page 11 May 2010
6.9. BURNS
The degree must be identified correctly and must be treated according to this identification. Burns are caused by fire, steam, hot liquid, sun burns, electrical burns etc. 6.9.1. FIRST DEGREE BURNS First degree burns are not serious and results from touch of a hot or boiled object. Most of the sun burns are first degree burns. Symptoms: - Redness or discoloration, mild swelling and pain Action: Submerge the burned area in cold, salty water up to 20 min or use cold compress. 6.9.2. SECOND DEGREE BURNS Second degree burns are deeper. They have red, mottled appearance and causes blisters. Result of hot liquid or burning of flammable substances. Pain is severe. Treat for shock if present. Action: Immerse in cold water up to 10-15 min. Apply sterile wet gauze Do not burst the blisters, do not apply oil or pomade, do not lift the skin. Wrap with sterile bandage 6.9.3. THIRD DEGREE BURNS Deep tissue destruction. Chemical burns are third degree burns. Burned area may get black or whiter. Tissue nerves would be destroyed therefore there will be no pain. Deeper burns covering more than 15% of the body can lead to death. Burns are more dangerous for children and old people. Some burns can lead to shock. Action: Wash the area with cold and clean water Use dry, sterile gauze, give aspirin
First Degree Reddened skin Second Reddened or blistered skin Degree Third Degree Deep destruction of skin tissue Extensive 1st or 2nd degree burns Cool immediately with tap water Bandage with dry, sterile dressings Treat for shock Cool immediately with tap water Bandage with dry, sterile dressings Do not use cotton, tissues, any medication or ointment. If unconscious, monitor signs of circulation. Treat for shock
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1. Opening airway - Head Super-extension If a casualty loses consciousness, the tongue may fall back into the throat and block the passage of air from the mouth and nose into the lungs. Ensuring the airway is open is vital to the casualty's survival.
Actions
Place one hand on casualty's forehead and gently tilt back their head and lift the chin Keeping the airway open, check for breathing - look, listen and feel for breathing Look for chest movement listen for sound and feel for breath on your cheek Do this for no more than ten seconds
If the casualty is breathing Bring the casualty's far arm across their chest Hold back of casualty's hand against opposite cheek With your other hand, pull up the far leg just above the knee, keeping the foot on the ground Keeping the casualty's hand pressed against their cheek, pull on the far leg and roll the casualty towards you and on to their side Adjust upper leg so both hip and knee are bent at right angles
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By breathing air into a casualty's lungs you introduce vital oxygen into their system. This may be enough to get the casualty breathing again independently, but if it isn't you'll need to combine rescue breaths with chest compressions - cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Actions Place a hand on casualty's forehead and gently back tilt their head Look in their mouth and remove any obvious obstructions Place fingertips of your other hand under casualty's chin and lift gently Taking your hand from their forehead, pinch soft part of their nose Open their mouth and take a deep breath, filling your lungs with air Place your lips around casualty's mouth, ensuring a good seal Blow steadily, watching to see casualty's chest rise Keeping casualty's head tilted, remove your mouth and watch their chest fall Further action Repeat this once, to give two rescue breaths in total, and then check for signs of circulation by looking, listening and feeling for movement, breath or improved color.
If there's no circulation, start resuscitation. 3. Resuscitation - adult Actions Check for response - gently shake casualty's shoulder and ask if they're all right If there's no response, shout for help and open casualty's airway Check for breathing - look for chest movement, listen for sounds of breathing and feel for casualty's breath on your cheek Do this for ten seconds Give chest compressions
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4. Resuscitation - child If child doesn't respond to gentle shaking, shout for help and proceed to open the airway Check for breathing, look for chest movement, listen for breathing and feel for the child's breath on your cheek Do this for ten seconds If the child isn't breathing, carefully remove any visible obstruction from their mouth and nose Give 5 initial rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions, Continue with cycles of 2 rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions Giving chest compressions Place your hands on the centre of the child's chest and, with the heel of your hand, press down 30 times (use one or two hands depending on the size of the child in relation to you) Depress the chest to a third of its depth Do this at a rate of 100 times a minute Continue the sequence until emergency help arrives, or the child starts to show some response 5. Resuscitation baby Actions If baby fails to respond to a tap or gentle flick on the sole of foot, shout for help and open the baby's airway Check for breathing, look for chest movement, listen for breathing, and feel for the baby's breath on your cheek Do this for ten seconds If the baby isn't breathing, carefully remove any visible obstruction from the baby's mouth and nose Cover babys mouth and nose with your mouth to give rescue breaths. Give 5 initial rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions Continue with cycles of 2 rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions Edition 2 Chapter 6 Page 15 May 2010
6.10.1. RECOVERY POSITION If a casualty is unconscious but breathing, it's often a good idea to put them in the recovery position. This position: It prevents the casualty's tongue from blocking their airway It promotes drainage of fluids, such as blood or vomit, from their mouth It keeps lie casualty in a safe position if they have to be left alone Action - step one Kneel beside casualty Remove any fragile objects, such as their glasses Place the arm nearest you at right angles to casualty's body, with palm facing upwards Action - step two Bring casualty's far arm across their chest Hold back of casualty's hand against opposite cheek With your other hand, pull up the far leg just above the knee, keeping the foot on the ground Action - step three Pull the knee towards you, rolling the casualty towards you and on to their side Keep the casualty's hand pressed against their cheek, as this helps to keep their airway open Tilt back their head and adjust hand under cheek to ensure head remains tilted Check for breathing Adjust upper leg so both hip and knee are bent at right angles
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Recovery position for babies If an infant is unconscious but breathing, hold them on their side, head tilted, as if you were giving them a cuddle, with their head lower than their tummy.
6.11. CHILDBIRTH
Do not attempt to rush or delay childbirth. Childbirth occurs in three stages: 1st Stage - the onset of labor 2nd Stage - the birth of the baby 3rd Stage - the delivery of the afterbirth (placenta) Preparation - Immediately inform the cockpit - Make a doctor or nurse announcement - Ask the mother if she has had any previous deliveries, and how many? (This may determine the length of time that she will be in labor. Multiple deliveries will usually mean a shorter delivery time). - Ask mother if a normal delivery was expected? Is she expecting multiple births-? Does she want her husband or family with her during the birth? - Collect the following equipment: Oxygen First Aid Kit Pillows Blankets Newspapers Plastic Bags Plastic Gloves, disinfectants, alcohol, if there is no umbilical cord clamp then
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1. First stage of birth - Labor Its the longest stage of birth. It could take up to 8-10 hours. - It begins with cramp-like contractions in the lower abdomen and waist. Bloodstained mucus comes from the womb. - This stage begins with the onset of regular contractions that cause the cervix to start slowly opening. Contractions may be felt by placing your hand on the womans abdomen. - Contractions will gradually become stronger and frequent and last longer. If contractions start to come in less than two minutes and bag of water breaks, it means that the birth has started. The water sac surrounding the baby ruptures and is expelled from the vagina in a gush of fluid or by slow discharge. 2. Second stage of birth Dilatation period This is the gradual opening as the womb stretches until there is enough room for the baby to pass through. This can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. In this period the strong contractions can shorten the time. If the contractions technique must be appropriate or it could tire the mother. (Before helping the birth wash your hands and make sure they are sterile). - Gradual opening as the womb stretches until there is enough room for the baby to pass through. - As labor progresses, pain occurs more often and is more intense. - Encourage the mother to relax. - Keep moist, cool towels on the mother's forehead. - Maintain a calm and reassuring manner.
3. Third stage of birth Actual birth - Place newspapers under the expectant mother. - Once the baby's head is visible, place several pillows under the woman's back and buttocks to elevate her hips. Instruct her to breathe through her mouth and to bear down with the pain. If the woman has not emptied her bowels and bladder, you can expect this to happen at this time. As the baby's head comes through, hold one hand
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4. Cutting off the umbilical cord It is appropriate to cut the umbilical cord after 10 minutes after the placenta comes out. - The cord is tied with two pieces of clothes which must be 15 cm and 20 cm away from the navel. - If the first cloth (nearest to the navel) is not tied up very strongly, the cord that is cut can cause bleeding. (This may result in death) - The cord is cut between these two ties. Put sterile gauze on it. - Check if there is bleeding on the baby's navel or not. NOTE: The placenta must be put in a plastic bag for an examination. It is not advised to cut the umbilical cord during the flight (only if there isnt a doctor on board). The cord should be wrapped with to knots and tied. The placentas should be put in a clean bag and placed next to the baby.
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The Placenta (Afterbirth) This is the final stage of childbirth and usually takes about 15 minutes... Stomach-ache increases during the separation. She must hold her breath and try to push out the placenta or the cord. This will be much easier when she lies down with her knees up. If severe vaginal bleeding occurs after the placenta is expelled, place your hand on the mother's abdomen and push firmly down on the uterus. Keep rubbing until the uterus feels firm and hard. Place the placenta in a plastic bag, cover it with pillow slip, and keep it for laboratory examination later. If delivery is uncomplicated and destination is less than 2 hours away continue with flight. Do not give mother or infant anything to eat or drink. Keep mother and infant warm, quiet and comfortable. Wash your hands and arms with lots of soap and water. 6.11.1. MISCARRIAGE Miscarriages carry the danger of severe bleeding and of shock. A woman who suspects that she is miscarrying may be reluctant to confide in a stranger, particularly if that person is a man. Recognition - Cramp-like pains in the lower abdomen or pelvic area; - Signs of shock; - Vaginal bleeding, possibly sudden and profuse; - Passage of the fetus and other products of conception. Action: Remember that the woman may be frightened and very distressed at this time; Offer your help even if you seem to be intrusive; reassure the woman and help her into the most comfortable position; elevate feet; Inform the commander; Remove passengers from the area; Ask for medical assistance; Find a sanitary pad or clean towel for the woman to use; Monitor and record breathing and pulse every ten minutes; Keep any expelled material and pass it to the medical services. Keep it out of the woman's sight, if possible; Treat woman for shock.
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If the cough gets weak and if he/she starts to have a respiratory problem and if the airway is partially blocked, this must be considered as a full blockage. You must hit the patients back continuously for 4 times and you should carry out a pressure on his/her abdomen for 4 times.
If she/he is unconscious or fell down, you have to hit his/her back continuously 4 times and do hand movements for 4 times and then apply an artificial respiration mouth to mouth. After emergency passes, the patient should get examined by competent medical care or doctor for an appropriate solutions and medical complications.
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6.12.2. CONGESTION OF OVERWEIGHT OR PREGNANT If the patient is overweight or pregnant; Grasp him/her from the back of the patient by undergo from his/her armpits and put your fist hand under his/her middle chest. Grasp your fist by your other hand. Press the patient's chest with sudden movements. Carry out a pressure on his/her chest for 4 times.
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Results of unclean food and drinks, within 2-12 hours. Symptoms: - Severe stomachache - Frequent painful toilet need diarrhea - Sweating and faint - No fever, feeling cold and sweating - Loss of water and salt could be dangerous. This illness is more dangerous for children, babies and old people. Action: During the flight nothing should be eaten. (Maybe a salty cracker). Make sure the patient gets enough liquid drink (water, tea without sugar). If possible the patient is laid down so that they can rest. Cola drinks are particularly helpful for children (warm and nonacid) or some tea, apple juice and salty cracker etc. can be given.
6.15. DIARRHEA
Ear discomfort occurs because of middle ear inflammation. Because of the changing altitude the airplanes cabin pressure increases and decreases. The ear will get affected from this
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Gulp and yawn Chew gum Nose medicine dropper can be used. (Attention must be paid to the dosage for the children.) Squeeze the nose and swallow. Blow out with the nose and mouth closed in order to equalize pressure. Due to the pressure, pain is greater for babies. In this case do not prevent the baby from crying. If possible give some drink. Ear drops are unnecessary for the babies.
6.17. EPILEPSY
Epilepsy is a brain illness. It may result from an illness or by birth and it affects persons of all ages. The person who wears this mark has epilepsy. They also have in their possession a special medical certificate. Petit Mal: A slight lapse of awareness. - Sudden blankness, twitching limbs, smacking of lips Grand Mal: A major seizure in which victim loses consciousness and experiences convulsive movements of the body. - Victim may have a premonition or give a warning cry. - If sitting, victim will slump; if standing, victim will fall. - The face and lips will be discolored (blue or ashen gray). - The eyes will roll upward. Victim may make some unintelligible sounds. - Violent involuntary muscle contractions over part or all of body. Arms, legs, and head may jerk violently. There may be frothing at the mouth. - Victim will lose consciousness. Involuntary action of bowels and bladder. Action: Make no effort to restrain the convulsion movements, but keep the victim's airway open. Prevent injury to the victim by surrounding with padding (e.g. pillows, blankets, etc.). If attack occurs at seat, stand beside seat to insure that victim does not fall on the floor. In order to prevent him from biting his lips/tongue and cheeks put something between his teeth. Do not force. When the convulsion is over, loosen any tight clothing and turn victim's head to one side so that secretions may drool from the side of the mouth. Victim may be disoriented when coming out of the seizure. Place the victim in a comfortable position and allow sleeping. Cover with a blanket. Give NO stimulants (especially alcohol). Try in all ways to guard victim against embarrassment. Watch victim carefully, as additional seizures are a possibility. Remind victim to take his medication. NOTE: Usually after about 3 minutes, the discoloration and convulsive seizure will pass. There may be a gradual return of consciousness, but victim will not remember anything about the seizure.
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Temporary loss of consciousness caused by an inadequate supply of blood to the brain. A person that has lost all consciousness will be in a coma, if the person is in a coma he/she can not move and he/she can not respond to any questions. As a result of this process the persons tongue can block the airway, causing choking and even death. Causes: - Starvation, tiredness, pain, standing for a long time - Very hot environment, excitement, fear Symptoms: - Dizziness - Skin is pale and the forehead softly starts to sweat - Weak and slow pulse, slow breathing Action: Lay the passenger flat and lift the legs up, so that blood can circulate. Open the air vents. Loosen restrictive clothing (tie, belt, button) Give something strong to smell and sprinkle some water over his face. If the passenger is consciousness you can give him a cup of tea or coffee. DANGER: If the patient is still unconscious, put him in recovery position and give him oxygen.
6.20. FRACTURES
During the flight crashing, falling (turbulence, sudden fainting) can lead to fractures. There are usually 2 kinds of fractures. In fractures the main aim is to keep the joints still and cease the pain. 1. Closed fractures - Pain, swelling, restriction of movement, color change, a clicking noise between the broken bones. Action: Apply cold compress
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2. Open fractures - Deformity, loss of ability to move, pain, swelling, color change. Bleeding will be present. Attention!! Patient may go into shock. Action: Gently apply pressure as close to wound as possible with a large sterile bandage Cover entire wound including protruding bone with a bandage Immobilize fracture joint above and below the break Do not attempt to reset Treat for shock The jaw of the unconscious patient is opened and the tongue is pulled out. If there is saliva or broken teeth, clear them first. Treat bleeding and shock. Fracture immobilization is made with two hard substances (splints, wood) by binding at two sides. For hand, ankle and forearm fracture, the casualty's hand should be higher than his elbow, and the sling should be applied so that the supporting pressure is on the uninjured side. NOTE: To immobilize the fracture, the person's body (i.e. other limb) is the best splint. Magazines, blankets, newspapers, spare life vests and metal splints from the first aid kit can be used as well.
Ankle fractures - carefully take off the shoes. Ankle is wrapped with a thick piece of blanket or a towel. The leg is pulled towards the abdomen. If there is a pain increase, loss of touch, weak pulse, skin paleness, loosen the ties. If there is no recovery of the situation this may be a dislocation not a fracture.
Arm fractures - Upper arm, collarbone, shoulder and elbow fractures must be put in a triangular sling and tied under the neck.
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Knee bone fractures - slightly pull the leg towards the abdomen and tie the knee with a hard piece of substance from up and down.
Leg fractures Use any available materials for immobilization. Stability is the most important factor. Immobilize the leg from hip to the toes with splint.
Pelvis fractures - Do not move the patient with a pelvis fracture. Both legs are tied together for immobilization.
3. Dislocation of joints The displacement of a bone end from the joint with some injury to surrounding ligaments and other soft tissues. Symptoms - Pain is often intense. - Deformity of the joint. - Swelling of the joint. - Movement of the part is usually lost. - Shock is usually severe. Action: Apply a cold compress to the joint. Move part as little as possible. A dislocated shoulder or elbow may be supported by an arm sling. If dislocation of lower extremity, splint and then elevate. Treat for shock.
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The affected area turns white and sense of feeling is lost. Get out of cold, if possible. Place the body part in warm water 105F (40C) and warm until part is red and warm. If thermometer is not available, consider water too warm if uncomfortable to touch; Place dressings between fingers and toes prior to bandaging; Cover affected area with dry sterile dressings; Do not break blisters.
The first 1-2 hours after the symptoms begin are the most dangerous for the person. Immediate action is necessary. Symptoms: - Denial Person will usually deny that it is a serious problem - Severe, dull chest pain. Pain in the middle of the chest that continues and the pain increases for more than 10 minutes - Pain may radiate to arms (usually left), neck, back, or jaw. - Agitated, fearful - Difficulty breathing - Skin-cold and clammy - Sweating - Nausea, sickness and difficulty of breath. Action: Make a doctor announcement Encourage person to remain seated in a comfortable position. Keep all activity to a minimum, if necessary loosen clothing. If person is carrying medication and conscious, assist with its administration. It will usually be nitroglycerines pills. Administer oxygen Keep Captain informed, since a flag stop will be necessary. NOTE: If breathing stops but the heart continues to beat, give rescue breathing. If the heart Edition 2 Chapter 6 Page 29 May 2010
Symptoms: Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Heavy sweating No perspiration Skin clammy, usually pale Dry hot skin, usually red Pupils dilated Pupils constricted Normal temperature Very high body temperature Weak, dizzy, faint May become unconscious Headache Rapid, strong pulse Nausea Action: Lie casualty down. Reassure and calm him. Sponge repeatedly with cool water and fan until temperature falls. Treat for shock. Give salt - 1/2 teaspoon in 1 glass of water. Salt or salt water produces nausea, and therefore, should be given slowly. Monitor casualty carefully. If exhaustion does not pass, inform the captain.
Person is usually nervous and slightly excited. The problem is over oxidation of lungs and the body needs carbon dioxide. Symptoms: - Rapid breathing, panting - Nervous, excited - Weak, dizzy - Rapid pulse - Complains of numbness in lingers - Complexion red in color - Stabbing chest pains Action: Calm passenger and encourage him to breathe slowly. Question the person; talking will force the breathing rate to decrease. If this does not work, have person breathe into an airsickness bag. This way CO2 and O2 rate is balanced. Oxygen must definitely not be given. If person insists upon receiving oxygen, apply facemask, but do not turn on. NOTE: If person should faint, the body systems will take over and correct the breathing pattern. However, keep airway open. If you are not sure if the person is suffering from hyperventilation or hypoxia (decreased levels of oxygen in the body), treat for hypoxia.
6.23. HYPERVENTILATION
6.24. HYPOTHERMIA
This condition occurs when body temperature drops below 35C. If allowed to continue, death may occur in a few hours. Symptoms: - Uncontrollable, violent shivering - Difficulty speaking - Weakness
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It is the insufficiency of oxygen. Normally 21% of air is oxygen and the lowest level for living is 13%. Insufficiency of oxygen normally starts at 1500m (5000 ft). It occurs because of loss of cabin pressure. Symptoms: - Headaches, dizziness - Fatigue, listlessness - Judgment and vision impaired - Overconfident, though poorly coordinated - Euphoria - victim is unaware he is in trouble - Personality change - Loss of control of hands - Cyanosis - victim turns blue around mouth, fingernails and ear lobes - Unconsciousness Action: Immediately administer oxygen during the flight Patient is kept under supervision NOTE: The main danger of hypoxia lies in the fact that the victim becomes euphoric and is completely unaware of his own symptoms.
6.25. HYPOXIA
Being motionless for along time, especially in the sitting position will cause swelling to the legs and cause problems with the blood circulation in the legs. The clot in the vein wall can be terminated by the body. If this cannot be done then this clot could leave the veins wall and could clot a smaller vein going to the lungs. This could cause a serious medical takeover and could cause pain to the chest, hard breathing and could even cause death. Risk groups: - Above 40 years old - Pregnant women - People that have had abdomen operations - Cancer patients - People that have genetic disorder for blood clots - Smokers - Obese people - Varicose vein illness
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A panic attack is distressing for the person experiencing it and difficult to respond to, but it isnt harmful. Its a sudden rush of overwhelming fear that often occurs without warning or any obvious reason. Symptoms - Hyperventilation and fast breathing result in lack of carbon dioxide in blood - Palpitations, nervous behavior - Difficulty swallowing or breathing, trembling Actions Take casualty to a quiet place Be reassuring but firm Remain with casualty until panic attack is over Advise casualty to see their doctor.
6.28. POISONING
The reasons that lead to poisoning in an airplane are: alcohol, medicines, cigarettes and tobacco. Poisoning is divided into two: 1. Medicine poisoning Symptoms: - Eye pupils get smaller - Absentmindedness, drowsiness, coma, difficulty of breathing, sweating Action: First check if the patient is conscious or not If he is conscious try to make him vomit but before give the patient liquids. Give salty water for adults, tea or fruit juice for children (salty water is harmful for children). Do not give milk. To induce vomiting, put the fingers in the throat for adults, for children lean their head forward. If he is not conscious dont ever try to make the patient vomit. (Risk of suffocation). Get him in recovery position. Keep the patient warm Administrate oxygen Keep under supervision 2. Food poisoning The canned foods, fish, meat and milk products and other foods that are out of date can cause food poisoning due to the bacteria in these products. Symptoms: - Nausea - Vomiting - Stomachache, cramps SCC has to ascertain: What has been consumed on board by those affected; Edition 2 Chapter 6 Page 32 May 2010
Action
3. Alcohol Intoxication Symptoms: - The odor of alcohol on breath, warm feeling - Stupor condition, incoherent, uncoordinated. - In early stages, breathing is slow and deep, pulse is strong, and face is moist and flushed. In later stages, breathing is shallow, pulse becomes weak and rapid, and face becomes dry and pale. - Extreme cases manifested by hallucinations, delirium tremors (D.T.), partial or complete unconsciousness and may experience bleeding from the mouth. Action: Remain calm and friendly Keep firm hold on the passenger if necessary, do not leave him unsupervised Maintain open airway Administer oxygen if passenger is pale. Allow passenger to sleep, keep warm. If passenger is awake, offer orange juice. 4. Drug overdose Symptoms: - A wide variety of symptoms can occur depending on the drug type: - Violence, appearance and behavior of a drunk, runny nose, confusion - Vomiting, mood fluctuations, exhaustion, unconsciousness Action: Calm the patient; If possible identify agent-causing overdose and remove it from their person. It may be necessary to restrain those who become violent and aggressive. If convulsions occur - treat as for seizure. Keep airway open. Monitor ABC's (airways-breathing-circulation) If person is breathing on his own, administer first aid oxygen. If not breathing, ventilate twice and check for a pulse, as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and/or CPR will be necessary. This will necessitate an emergency landing.
Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body. When the body's organs do not receive blood, they fail to function properly. This triggers a series of responses that produce specific signals known as shock. Even though the injuries might not look dangerous, shock could cause death. Causes: - Loss of blood, severe pain, excitement and fear - Anaphylactic shock (this is an allergic reaction that is caused by the stinging of the bugs. If its a bee sting, you must take out the needle. To prevent poisoning apply a tourniquet to the arm or leg) Symptoms - Skin pale, cool and moist - Pulse fast but weak (100 or more in a minute) - Rapid breathing - Perspiration of lips, forehead and palms - Weakness, dizziness and thirst Action: Lay him down. Elevate legs higher than the head. Loosen clothing to encourage circulation. Try to deal with the causes of shock. Treat any obvious injuries. Keep him calm and warm. Monitor breathing and level of response. If everything is normal give him a glass of water with one spoon full of salt in it. If there is bleeding on the head or face keep the head up higher than the heart. Shock treatment for every type of injury can be used even if there are shock symptoms or not (except high blood pressure and brain bleeding). If medical attention is delayed for 1 hour and if the patient does not feel sick or does not have any injury in the stomach you can give a little bit of water.
6.30. SHOCK
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There are many reasons for the stomachache. It is not an Nines on its own but a symptom of many illnesses. These are: - Appendicitis - Gallbladder - Kidney stones - Food or chemical poisonings Symptoms: - Severe pain around stomach and abdomen - Agony - Shock symptoms (pale skin, cold, sweaty) - Starts to feel uncomfortable Action: Lie the patient on his back Put his/her head on a pillow Make him/her fold their knees towards him/her. (You can fold a blanket under the knees). This helps the stomach muscles loosen up. Keep the patient warm (In case of appendicitis suspicion put cold compress on right upper part of abdomen) Do not ever give food or drink
6.31. STOMACHACHE
Strains are injuries to the muscles moving the bones (usually sustained by overstretching). Sprains are injuries to the joints. Symptoms - Sharp pain and tenderness - Swelling and distortion of limb - Signs of bruising - Difficulty moving injured part of body Action: RICE procedure: R - rest and support affected limb I - apply ice or a cold compress to reduce swelling C - compress by applying gentle, even pressure on the limb and pad it with foam or secured with a bandage E - elevate limb to reduce blood flow to affected area
6.33. STROKE
When the blood vessel supply blood to the brain is obstructed, or if the vessel ruptures, a stroke has occurred. During a stroke, the brain is damaged. This damage may be so great as to cause the person to die. Symptoms: - Headache - this may be the only symptom at first - Difficulty with speech or vision. Face is red or ashen gray. - Confusion. Collapse. Pulse strong but slow. - Difficulty in breathing. Altered states of consciousness. Unequal pupils - Numbness or paralysis - usually to the extremities and/or to the face
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SHARP
CRAMPING
ACHING
THROBBING
CONSTANT VARIABLE LOCATION: SEVERITY: MILD MODERATE SEVERE BREATHLESS OR WHEEZY COLD FAINT DIZZY
DIARRHEA COUGH
CONVULSION LOCATION:
OTHERS (SPECIFY):
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SPRAIN
FOREIGN BODY
HEAD/NECK EYE EAR TORSO BACK ARM/HAND FINGER LEG FOOT/TOE 6. OBSERVATIONS: PULSE: /min BLOOD PRESSURE: mm/Hg T: RESPIRATION:
/min
OTHER (SPECIFY): 7. PATIENT HISTORY: HAD THIS PROBLEM BEFORE? TAKING ANY MEDICATION? ANY ALLERGIES? YES NO YES NO YES NO
DETAILS:
IF YES, HOW MANY MONTHS? YES NO 8. CABIN CREW ACTION (tick, circle or complete as indicated) OXYGEN GIVEN? YES NO IF YES, DID PAX CONDITION IMPROVE? YES NO MEDICATION GIVEN? YES NO IF YES, SPECIFY: WAS OWN MEDICATION OR FROM OTHER PAX USED? YES NO IF YES, SPECIFY: OTHER ON-BOARD MEDICAL EQUIPMENT USED? YES NO IF YES, SPECIFY: WAS CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) PERFORMED? YES NO PULSE RESTORED? YES NO RESPIRATION RESTORED? YES NO CONSCIOUSNESS REGAINED? YES NO USE OF GROUND MEDICAL CONTROL? YES NO SUCCESSFUL UNSUCCESSFUL ASSISTANCE OF DOCTOR OR HEALTH PRO? YES NO SUCCESSFUL UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO CONTACT COMPANY DOCTOR? YES NO SUCCESSFUL UNSUCCESSFUL FURTHER INFO/COMMENTS: 10. ASSISTING HEALTH PROFESSIONAL/DOCTOR: NAME: ADRESS: DIAGNOSIS: 11. CAPTAINS NAME & SIGNATURE 12. SCCS NAME & SIGNATURE Form MDP-CCM 008 TEL:
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C/C
10. CAPTAINS NAME AND SIGNATURE: 11. SCCS NAME AND SIGNATURE: Form MDP-CCM 009
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.1. PRE-FLIGHT EQUIPMENT CHECK-LIST MD-83
L1 Jumpseat (1) Shoulder harness (2) Crew life vest (2) Flashlight (2) Removable flash light (1) E.L.S. (1) Escape slide and door (1) Exit marker and light (1) Interphone and P.A. Cabin lights panel Cockpit door code Flight documentation CDL R1 O2 bottle and mask (2) Megaphone (1) Halon extinguisher (1) P.B.E. (2) Demo kit (1) Escape slide and door (1) Exit marker and light (1) Fwd lavatory: Smoke detector Fire extinguisher Galley lights Galley equipment Cabin: Pax seatbelts, life vests Safety cards, sickness bags L2 Jumpseat (1) Shoulder harness (1) Crew life vest (1) Flashlight (1) O2 bottle and mask (3) Megaphone (1) Halon extinguisher (2) P.B.E. (2) Demo kit (2) First aid kit (2) Medical kit (1) Adult/child spare life vests (17) Infant life vests (17) Infant seat belts (17) Extension seat belts (17) Spare seat belts (17) Escape slide and door (1) Exit marker and light (1) Aft lavatories: Smoke detector Fire extinguisher Galley lights Galley equipment Cabin: Pax seatbelts, life vests Safety cards, sickness bags
A1 Jumpseat (1) Shoulder harness (2) Crew life vest (2) Flashlight (2) Escape slide and door (1) Exit marker and light (1) Tailcone decal (1) Area lights panel Cabin: Pax seatbelts, life vests Safety cards, sickness bags
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.2. SECURITY CHECK
7.2.1. PRE-FLIGHT SECURITY CHECK HOME BASE/OVERNIGHT STOP HOME BASE/OVERNIGHT STOP PRE-FLIGHT CHECK After ground staff has completed their duties PASSENGER CABIN Overhead bins check Safety equipment stowage area check Inside panels check Side of seats check Seat pockets check Life jackets stowage area check Floor area check Wardrobe - if available check GALLEYS Lockers & contents check Ovens check Trolleys & containers check Waste bin areas check TOILETS Waste bin area check Toilet bowl area check Spare paper stowage area check CABIN CREW JUMP SEATS Safety equipment stowage area check PA system area check Door area check CC report to SCC via PA perform SCC report to Commander & Ramp Agent perform Security check form completed
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TURN AROUND FLIGHT Overhead bins Safety Equipment Inside panels Side of seats Seat pockets Life jackets stowage Floor Wardrobe CC report to SCC SCC report to Commander & Ramp Agent
POST- FLIGHT CHECK after landing and pax disembarkation check check check check check check check check perform perform
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.3. NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECK-LIST
BOARDING PREPARATION NO SMOKING signs ON checked Curtains secured Free access of doors & exits checked Bridge/steps on right position Emergency escape route unobstructed Catering checked & stowed Outside the aircraft free of obstacles Cabin Discrepancy Log checked Security check performed Cabin light on BRIGHT Cockpit door lock performed SCC report to flight crew by INT performed BOARDING Boarding position taken Passengers' embarkation surveyed Boarding announcements performed Free access of doors and aisles checked Emergency seats occupied by ABP Passengers count performed Flight documents on board SCC report to flight crew by INT performed DOOR LOCKING and PUSH BACK Permission from flight crew by INT received Doors closed Slides armed and cross-checked Passengers seated checked Exits and aisle unobstructed Galleys secured Baggage properly stowed checked SCC report to flight crew by INT performed PASSENGERS PREFLIGHT BRIEFING Before take-off announcements performed Passengers' safety demonstration performed BEFORE TAKE-OFF CABIN & PASSENGERS CHECK Seat belts fastened Tray tables folded Toilets checked & locked Exits and aisle unobstructed Galleys secured Extension/ infant belts provided Infant life vests if required distributed SCC report to flight crew by INT performed Commanders order by PA performed
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FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs OFF checked Toilets unlocked Flight crew information performed In-flight services performed Toilets (during night) checked (every 15 minutes) DESCENT FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs ON checked In-flight services interrupted Landing announcements performed Compliance check performed Galleys & equipments secured Curtains secured Toilets checked & locked BEFORE LANDING SCC report to flight crew by INT performed Commander's order by PA performed Cabin crew seated & harness fastened Silent review performed AFTER LANDING Cabin crew seated & harness fastened After landing announcements performed Passengers seat belts fastened PASSENGER DISEMBARKATION FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs OFF checked CDT/SCC order to disarm performed Slides disarmed All call procedure performed Flight crew informed Bridge /stairs in right position Outside clearance received Door opened
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.4. ABNORMAL PROCEDURE CHECK-LISTS
REJECTED TAKE-OFF ALERT Cabin crew notified by PA: CABIN CREW AT STATIONS Cabin crew harness released Slides checked Outside conditions evaluated Flight crew communication established Flight crew instructions received Passengers under control EMERGENCY EVACUATION REQUIRED Flight crew order by PA: EVACUATE Emergency exits opened Passengers evacuation initiated EMERGENCY EVACUATION NOT REQUIRED Flight crew order by PA: CANCEL ALERT Passengers informed and under control
If no call from the cockpit, try to contact flight crew Cabin crew will make an independent decision to initiate an evacuation when there is severe structural damage, a life-threatening situation or abnormal aircraft attitude and there is no response from flight deck
TURBULENCE LIGHT TURBULENCE Cabin crew notified FASTEN SEAT BELT sign ON checked Announcement performed Passengers' seat belts fastened Infant/children secured Curtains secured Loose equipment secured Hand luggage stowed Toilets checked Flight crew informed MODERATE TURBULENCE Cabin crew notified FASTEN SEAT BELT sign ON checked Announcement performed Passengers' seat belts checked Infant/ children secured Curtains secured Loose equipment secured Hand luggage stowed Toilets checked Flight crew informed SEVERE TURBULENCE FASTEN SEAT BELT sign ON checked Cabin crew seated & fastened immediately Announcements/ performed shouting commands (if possible) Trolleys secured (if possible) CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE Cabin crew takes appropriate action based on intensity of turbulence
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PILOT INCAPACITATION Cabin crew notified INCAPACITATED PILOT CANNOT BE REMOVED FROM HIS SEAT Harness fastened & locked Back rest in upright position Seat rear position First aid given Medical assistance asked for INCAPACITATED PILOT CAN BE REMOVED FROM HIS SEAT AND A QUALIFIED PILOT IS ON BOARD: Seat rear position Seat slide laterally Incapacitated pilot removed First aid given Medical assistance asked for NOTE: on pilot request, read the check list and be sure that you receive an answer before reading the next item.
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.5. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP LUNG L1
SCC poziia L1 CCM 4 poziia R1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN SEAT BELTS se aprind 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: - decupleaz alimentarea electric bucatarie fa T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR - siguraneaz bucatarie fa S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) - verific i blocheaz toaleta fa - fixeaz perdea fa T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE - mbrac sacoul. 3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 si A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n faa cabinei pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza - demonstraie - control peste .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin fatrape: 3. ANUN: Urmai ntocmai instruciunile noastre: scoatei - sptare fotolii cravatele, toate obiectele ascuite, ochelari, stilouri, pantofi cu toc i punei-le n buzunarul fotoliului din faa dvs. Ridicai - masue fixate spatarele fotoliilor. Fixai msuele n poziie vertical. Lasai - cotiere lsate cotierele n jos. Este foarte important s cuplai i s fixati - centuri cuplate corect strans centurile de siguran. Nu fumai. - obiecte ascuite depozitate - bagaje depozitate Follow exactly our instructions: remove ties and all sharp - hatrack-uri nchise articles, eyeglasses, pens, high heeled shoes and place - parasolare ridicate them in the seat pocket in front of you. Put the backrest of your seat in a vertical position. Secure the tables up-right. Fold armrest down. It is very important that you fasten your seat belt low and secure it across your hips. Do not smoke. n faa cabinei: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - demonstreaz utilizarea vestei cu vesta mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla proprie (roie) - indic localizarea vestei i cum se scoate. vesta tragei de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla - verific mbrcarea corect a vestelor suflai n cele 2 tuburi roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n faa cabinei indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat conduce spre ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. - banda luminoas Localizai cea mai apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.6. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP LUNG R1
SCC poziia L1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE CCM 4 poziia R1 SEAT BELTS se aprind ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC - decupleaz alimentarea electric bucatarie fa - siguraneaz bucatarie fa - verific i blocheaz toaleta fa - fixeaz perdea fa - mbrac sacoul.
3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 si A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n faa cabinei pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza peste - demonstraie - control .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin fatrape: 3. ANUN: Urmai ntocmai instruciunile noastre: scoatei - sptare fotolii cravatele, toate obiectele ascuite, ochelari, stilouri, pantofi cu toc i punei-le n buzunarul fotoliului din faa dvs. Ridicai - masue fixate - cotiere lsate spatarele fotoliilor. Fixai msuele n poziie vertical. Lasai cotierele n jos. Este foarte important s cuplai i s fixati strans - centuri cuplate corect centurile de siguran. Nu fumai. - obiecte ascuite depozitate - bagaje depozitate Follow exactly our instructions: remove ties and all sharp - hatrack-uri nchise articles, eyeglasses, pens, high heeled shoes and place them in - parasolare ridicate the seat pocket in front of you. Put the backrest of your seat in a vertical position. Secure the tables up-right. Fold armrest down. It is very important that you fasten your seat belt low and secure it across your hips. Do not smoke. n faa cabinei: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - demonstreaz utilizarea vestei cu vesta mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei proprie (roie) - indic localizarea vestei i cum se de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele 2 tuburi scoate. roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it - verific mbrcarea corect a vestelor tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n faa cabinei indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va conduce spre - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. Localizai cea mai - banda luminoas apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
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CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.7. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP LUNG L2
SCC poziia L1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE CCM 3 poziia L2 SEAT BELTS se aprind ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC - cupleaz luminile din bucataria L2 - decupleaz alimentarea electric bucataria L2 - siguraneaz bucataria L2 - fixeaz perdea bucatarie - mbrac sacoul.
3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 si A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n dreptul trapelor 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza peste pentru: - demonstraie .min din cauza... - control Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has - asisten informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin trapefa: 3. ANUN: Urmai ntocmai instruciunile noastre: scoatei - sptare fotolii cravatele, toate obiectele ascuite, ochelari, stilouri, pantofi cu toc i punei-le n buzunarul fotoliului din faa dvs. Ridicai - masue fixate - cotiere lsate spatarele fotoliilor. Fixai msuele n poziie vertical. Lasai cotierele n jos. Este foarte important s cuplai i s fixati strans - centuri cuplate corect centurile de siguran. Nu fumai. - obiecte ascuite depozitate - bagaje depozitate Follow exactly our instructions: remove ties and all sharp - hatrack-uri nchise articles, eyeglasses, pens, high heeled shoes and place them in - parasolare ridicate the seat pocket in front of you. Put the backrest of your seat in a vertical position. Secure the tables up-right. Fold armrest down. It is very important that you fasten your seat belt low and secure it across your hips. Do not smoke. n dreptul trapelor: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - demonstreaz utilizarea vestei cu vesta mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei proprie (roie) - indic localizarea vestei i cum se de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele 2 tuburi scoate. roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it - verific mbrcarea corect a vestelor tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n dreptul trapelor indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va conduce spre - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. Localizai cea mai - banda luminoas apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 21
May 2010
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 22
May 2010
CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.8. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP LUNG TAILCONE A1
SCC poziia L1 CCM 2 poziia A1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN SEAT BELTS se aprind 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: - cupleaz luminile pe BRIGHT ENTRY i T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI WORK E = EVACUAREA NECESAR - verific i blocheaz toalete spate - siguraneaz spaiile de depozitare S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA suplimentare - mbrac sacoul. S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE 3. Cupleaza luminile din cabina pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 si A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se pozitioneaz dup bucataria L2 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza peste pentru: - demonstraie .min din cauza... - control Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has - asisten informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin spatetrape: 3. ANUN: Urmai ntocmai instruciunile noastre: scoatei - sptare fotolii cravatele, toate obiectele ascuite, ochelari, stilouri, pantofi cu toc i punei-le n buzunarul fotoliului din faa dvs. Ridicai - masue fixate spatarele fotoliilor. Fixai msuele n poziie vertical. Lasai - cotiere lsate cotierele n jos. Este foarte important s cuplai i s fixati strans - centuri cuplate corect centurile de siguran. Nu fumai. - obiecte ascuite depozitate - bagaje depozitate Follow exactly our instructions: remove ties and all sharp - hatrack-uri nchise articles, eyeglasses, pens, high heeled shoes and place them in - parasolare ridicate the seat pocket in front of you. Put the backrest of your seat in a vertical position. Secure the tables up-right. Fold armrest down. It is very important that you fasten your seat belt low and secure it across your hips. Do not smoke. n dreptul buctriei L2: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - demonstreaz utilizarea vestei cu vesta mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei proprie (roie) - indic localizarea vestei i cum se de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele 2 tuburi scoate. roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it - verific mbrcarea corect a vestelor tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n dreptul buctriei L2 indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va conduce spre - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. Localizai cea mai - banda luminoas apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 23
May 2010
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 24
May 2010
CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.9. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP SCURT L1
SCC poziia L1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE CCM 4 poziia R1 SEAT BELTS se aprind ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC - decupleaz alimentarea electric bucatarie fa - siguraneaz bucatarie fa - verific i blocheaz toaleta fa - fixeaz perdea fa - mbrac sacoul.
3. Cupleaza luminile din cabina pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 si A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n faa cabinei pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza peste - demonstraie - control .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin fatrape (dac 3. ANUN: Depozitai obiectele ascuite n buzunarul scaunului, ridicai sptarele fotoliilor, fixai msuele. Cuplati i fixati strns timpul permite): - sptare fotolii/masue fixate/cotiere centurile de siguran dar nu peste stomac. lsate Stow all the sharp items in the seat pocket, put your seat back - centuri cuplate corect up right, stow the tables. Fasten your seat belts low and tight. - obiecte ascuite depozitate - bagaje depozitate/hatrack-uri nchise - parasolare ridicate n faa cabinei: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - mbrcat cu vesta proprie (roie), asist mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai pasagerii la mbrcarea rapid a vestelor vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele 2 tuburi (indicaii verbale) roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n faa cabinei indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va conduce spre - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. Localizai cea mai - banda luminoas apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 25
May 2010
8. Selecteaz i instruiete cte 3 PSP pentru: Ua L1 Ua R1 Ui: - 1 PSP pentru deschiderea uii i evacuare: cnd acioneaz (asisent CC/ incapacitatea CC), cnd deschide ua (comanda CMD/decizia individual), evaluare condiii exterioare, proceduri ieire blocat, cum deschide ua, cum declaneaz toboganul, cum evacueaz pasagerii, cum desprinde toboganul (care va servi ca plut). - 2 PSP care ies primii din avion, asist pasagerii la evacuare. Le cere s demonstreze c au neles aciunile i s repete comenzile: OPEN SEAT BELTS/ COME THIS WAY/ OPEN SEAT BELTS/ COME THIS WAY/ JUMP AND SLIDE/RUN AWAY FROM AIRCRAFT/ JUMP INTO THE WATER 9. mbrac sacoul i vesta. Verificare final a cabinei - Verific cabina fatrape Raporteaz SCC: CABINA PREGATIT 10. Iluminatul cabinei apropiat de cel exterior Primete raportul: CABINA PREGATIT Raporteaz CMD: CABINA PREGATIT Anun din cockpit prin PA: IMMINENT IMPACT 1 min to impact Ocup locul R1 11. Ocup locul L1 i cupleaz centura i cupleaz centura Verific armare tobogan R1 Verific armare tobogan L1 ncepe SILENT REVIEW ncepe SILENT REVIEW 12. Primete prin PA comanda BRACE FOR IMPACT i repet BRACE. BRACE, BRACE. Ia poziia brace. C. EVACUARE procedura dup oprirea avionului pe sol/pe ap - iluminatul de avarie se aprinde automat sau se activeaz de ctre L1 1. - Comanda piloilor pentru EVACUARE + CE IEIRI SE FOLOSESC > se evacueaz conform comenzii - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea nu este evident necesar > se ncearc contactarea piloilor - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea este evident necesar > se iniiaz evacuarea adaptat situaiei n cazul unei ieiri blocate > redirecioneaz i asist pasagerii la evacuare 2. Evalueaz condiiile exterioare, ridic 2. Evalueaz condiiile exterioare, ridic puin mnerul uii, puin mnerul uii, asigurndu-se c nivelul asigurndu-se c nivelul apei permite deschiderea acesteia, deschide L1, acioneaz umflarea manual a tob, verific apei permite deschiderea acesteia, deschide R1, acioneaz umflarea manual umflarea toboganului, d comenzi (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME a tob, verific umflarea tob, d comenzi THIS WAY, JUMP AND SLIDE, JUMP INTO THE WATER) i evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, observ starea (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME THIS WAY, JUMP AND SLIDE, JUMP INTO THE WATER) i toboganului n timpul evacurii. Desprinde toboganul de la L1 evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, (care va servi ca plut). Dupa evacuarea pasagerilor, ia megafonul, controleaz cu lanterna cabina de pilotaj i se observ starea toboganului n timpul evacurii. Desprinde toboganul de la R1 evacueaz prin fa (care va servi ca plut). Dupa evacuarea pasagerilor, ia trusa de prim ajutor, controleaz cu lanterna cabina Y/C fatrape i se evacueaz pe trape. 3. mpreun cu piloii coordoneaz procedurile de supravieuire. Acord primul ajutor.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 26
May 2010
CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.10. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP SCURT R1
SCC poziia L1 CCM 4 poziia R1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN SEAT BELTS se aprind 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: - decupleaz alimentarea electric bucatarie fa T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR - siguraneaz bucatarie fa S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) - verific i blocheaz toaleta fa - fixeaz perdea fa T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE - mbrac sacoul. 3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 i A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n faa cabinei pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza - demonstraie - control peste .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin fatrape (dac timpul 3. ANUN: Depozitai obiectele ascuite n buzunarul scaunului, ridicai sptarele fotoliilor, fixai msuele. Cuplati permite): - sptare fotolii/masue fixate/cotiere i fixati strns centurile de siguran dar nu peste stomac. lsate Stow all the sharp items in the seat pocket, put your seat back up right, stow the tables. Fasten your seat belts low and - centuri cuplate corect - obiecte ascuite depozitate tight. - bagaje depozitate/hatrack-uri nchise - parasolare ridicate n faa cabinei: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - mbrcat cu vesta proprie (roie), asist mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai pasagerii la mbrcarea rapid a vestelor vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele (indicaii verbale) 2 tuburi roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n faa cabinei indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat conduce spre ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. - banda luminoas Localizai cea mai apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 27
May 2010
8. Selecteaz i instruiete cte 3 PSP pentru: Ua L1 Ua R1 Ui: - 1 PSP pentru deschiderea uii i evacuare: cnd acioneaz (asisent CC/ incapacitatea CC), cnd deschide ua (comanda CMD/decizia individual), evaluare condiii exterioare, proceduri ieire blocat, cum deschide ua, cum declaneaz toboganul, cum evacueaz pasagerii, cum desprinde toboganul (care va servi ca plut). - 2 PSP care ies primii din avion, asist pasagerii la evacuare. Le cere s demonstreze c au neles aciunile i s repete comenzile: OPEN SEAT BELTS/ COME THIS WAY/ LEG BODY LEG/ / JUMP AND SLIDE/RUN AWAY FROM AIRCRAFT/ JUMP INTO THE WATER 9. mbrac sacoul i vesta. Verificare final a cabinei - Verific cabina fatrape Raporteaz SCC: CABINA PREGATIT 10. Iluminatul cabinei apropiat de cel exterior Primete raportul: CABINA PREGATIT Raporteaz CMD: CABINA PREGATIT Anun din cockpit prin PA: IMMINENT IMPACT 1 min to impact Ocup locul R1 11. Ocup locul L1 i cupleaz centura i cupleaz centura Verific armare tobogan R1 Verific armare tobogan L1 ncepe SILENT REVIEW ncepe SILENT REVIEW 12. Primete prin PA comanda BRACE FOR IMPACT i repet BRACE. BRACE, BRACE. Ia poziia brace. C. EVACUARE procedura dup oprirea avionului pe sol/pe ap - iluminatul de avarie se aprinde automat sau se activeaz de ctre L1 1. - Comanda piloilor pentru EVACUARE + CE IEIRI SE FOLOSESC > se evacueaz conform comenzii - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea nu este evident necesar > se ncearc contactarea piloilor - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea este evident necesar > se iniiaz evacuarea adaptat situaiei n cazul unei ieiri blocate > redirecioneaz i asist pasagerii la evacuare 2. Evalueaz condiiile exterioare, ridic 2. Evalueaz condiiile exterioare, ridic puin mnerul uii, puin mnerul uii, asigurndu-se c nivelul asigurndu-se c nivelul apei permite deschiderea acesteia, deschide L1, acioneaz umflarea manual a tob, verific apei permite deschiderea acesteia, deschide R1, acioneaz umflarea manual umflarea toboganului, d comenzi (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME a tob, verific umflarea tob, d comenzi THIS WAY, JUMP AND SLIDE, JUMP INTO THE WATER) i evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, observ starea (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME THIS WAY, JUMP AND SLIDE, JUMP INTO THE WATER) i toboganului n timpul evacurii. Desprinde toboganul de la L1 evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, (care va servi ca plut). Dupa evacuarea pasagerilor, ia megafonul, controleaz cu lanterna cabina de pilotaj i se observ starea toboganului n timpul evacurii. Desprinde toboganul de la R1 evacueaz prin fa. (care va servi ca plut). Dupa evacuarea pasagerilor, ia trusa de prim ajutor, controleaz cu lanterna cabina Y/C fatrape i se evacueaz pe trape. 3. mpreun cu piloii coordoneaz procedurile de supravieuire. Acord primul ajutor.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 28
May 2010
CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.11. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP SCURT L2
SCC poziia L1 CCM 3 poziia L2 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN SEAT BELTS se aprind 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: - cupleaz luminile din bucataria L2 - decupleaz alimentarea electric T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI E = EVACUAREA NECESAR bucataria L2 - siguraneaz bucataria L2 S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) - fixeaz perdea bucatarie T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA - mbrac sacoul. S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE 3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 i A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz n dreptul trapelor pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza - demonstraie - control peste .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin trapefa (daca timpul 3. ANUN: Depozitai obiectele ascuite n buzunarul scaunului, ridicai sptarele fotoliilor, fixai msuele. Cuplati permite): - sptare fotolii/masue fixate/cotiere i fixati strns centurile de siguran dar nu peste stomac. lsate Stow all the sharp items in the seat pocket, put your seat back up right, stow the tables. Fasten your seat belts low and - centuri cuplate corect - obiecte ascuite depozitate tight. - bagaje depozitate/hatrack-uri nchise - parasolare ridicate n dreptul trapelor: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - mbrcat cu vesta proprie (roie), asist mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai pasagerii la mbrcarea rapid a vestelor vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta tragei de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele (indicaii verbale) 2 tuburi roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n dreptul trapelor indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat conduce spre ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. - banda luminoas Localizai cea mai apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 29
May 2010
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 30
May 2010
CABIN CREW MANUAL CABIN CREW CHECK-LIST HANDBOOK 7.12. EMERGENCY LANDING CARD MD-83 YR-HBA ATERIZARE/AMERIZARE TIMP SCURT TAILCONE A1
SCC poziia L1 CCM 2 poziia A1 A. ALERTARE din cockpit prin PA: PURSER TO COCKPIT. FASTEN SEAT BELTS se aprind 1. Ia ELC, merge in cockpit. ntrerupe serviciul la pax i ia ELC 2. Emergency Briefing CMD-SCC. Noteaz secvena TESTS: - cupleaz luminile pe BRIGHT ENTRY i T = TIPUL AVARIEI / SITUAIEI WORK E = EVACUAREA NECESAR - verific i blocheaz toalete spate - siguraneaz spaiile de depozitare S = SEMNALE I COMENZI ( BRACE / EVACUARE ) T = TIMPUL DISPONIBIL I DESTINAIA suplimentare - mbrac sacoul. S = INSTRUCIUNI SPECIALE 3. Cupleaz luminile din cabin pe BRIGHT 4. Emergency Briefing SCC cu R1, L2 i A1. Emergency Briefing cu SCC B. PREGATIRE pax i cabin nainte de impact Emergency Briefing pentru pasageri. 1. La indicaia CMD se reaeaz pasagerii. Se poziioneaz dup bucataria L2 pentru: 2. ANUN: Atenie! Acesta este un anunt de urgen, Comandantul ne-a anunat c vom ateriza forat/ameriza - demonstraie - control peste .min din cauza... - asisten Attention please! This is an emergency situation. Captain has informed us that we will be making an emergency landing /ditching in...min due to.... Verific n cabin spatetrape (dac timpul 3. ANUN: Depozitai obiectele ascuite n buzunarul scaunului, ridicai sptarele fotoliilor, fixai msuele. Cuplati permite): - sptare fotolii/masue fixate/cotiere i fixati strns centurile de siguran dar nu peste stomac. lsate Stow all the sharp items in the seat pocket, put your seat back up right, stow the tables. Fasten your seat belts low and - centuri cuplate corect - obiecte ascuite depozitate tight. - bagaje depozitate/hatrack-uri nchise - parasolare ridicate n dreptul buctriei L2: 4. ANUN: Scoatei vesta de salvare de sub scaunul dvs. - mbrcat cu vesta proprie (roie), asist mbrcai vesta i legai-o strns de mijloc. ATENIE! Umflai vesta numai la prsirea avionului. Pentru a umfla vesta pasagerii la mbrcarea rapid a vestelor tragei de cele 2 plcue roii. Dac nu se umfla suflai n cele (indicaii verbale) 2 tuburi roii. Echipajul va purta veste roii. Remove life vest from under your seat. Put life vest on and fix it tightly around your waist. ATTENTION! Inflate the life vest while leaving the aircraft. To inflate it pull the 2 red tabs. If it fails to inflate, use the tubes for oral inflation. n dreptul buctriei L2 indic: 5. ANUN: Ieirile de salvare sunt: 2 n fa, 4 deasupra aripilor i 2 n spate. Banda luminoas de pe podea v va - ieirile de avarie - ieirea cea mai apropiat conduce spre ieirile marcate cu inscripia roie EXIT. - banda luminoas Localizai cea mai apropiat ieire. The emergency exits are: 2 in front, 4 over the wings and 2 at the rear. The light line on the floor will illuminate the way to exits which are marked with red EXIT signs. Locate the nearest exit.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 31
May 2010
8. Selecteaz i instruiete cte 3 PSP pentru: Ua L1 Tailcone Ui: - 1 PSP pentru deschiderea uii i evacuare: cnd acioneaz (asisent CC/ incapacitatea CC), cnd deschide ua (comanda CMD/decizia individual), evaluare condiii exterioare, proceduri ieire blocat, cum deschide ua, cum declaneaz toboganul, cum evacueaz pasagerii, cum desprinde toboganul (care va servi ca plut). - 2 PSP care ies primii din avion, asist pasagerii la evacuare. Le cere s demonstreze c au neles aciunile i s repete comenzile: OPEN SEAT BELTS/ COME THIS WAY/ LEG BODY LEG/ SLIDE OFF THE WING/ STAY OH THE WING/ JUMP INTO THE WATER 9. mbrac sacoul i vesta. Verificare final a cabinei - Verific cabina spatetrape Raporteaz SCC: CABINA PREGATIT 10. Iluminatul cabinei apropiat de cel exterior Primete raportul: CABINA PREGATIT lluminatul n spate adaptat la exterior Raporteaz CMD: CABINA PREGATIT Anun din cockpit prin PA: IMMINENT IMPACT 1 min to impact Cupleaz restraining strap 11. Ocup locul L1 Ocup locul A1 i cupleaz centura i cupleaz centura Verific armare tobogan L1 Verific headrest-down (armat) A1 ncepe SILENT REVIEW ncepe SILENT REVIEW 12. Primete prin PA comanda BRACE FOR IMPACT i repet BRACE. BRACE, BRACE. Ia poziia brace. C. EVACUARE procedura dup oprirea avionului pe sol/pe ap - iluminatul de avarie se aprinde automat sau se activeaz de ctre L1 1. - Comanda piloilor pentru EVACUARE + CE IEIRI SE FOLOSESC > se evacueaz conform comenzii - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea nu este evident necesar > se ncearc contactarea piloilor - Comanda piloilor lipsete i evacuarea este evident necesar > se iniiaz evacuarea adaptat situaiei n cazul unei ieiri blocate > redirecioneaz i asist pasagerii la evacuare 2. Evalueaz condiiile exterioare, ridic puin mnerul uii, La amerizare nu se folosete A1 pt evacuare. Redirecioneaz pax ctre trape. asigurndu-se c nivelul apei permite deschiderea acesteia, Ia lanterna, evalueaz condiiile, ridic deschide L1, acioneaz umflarea manual a tob, verific coverul, acioneaz maneta, deschide A1 i umflarea toboganului, d comenzi (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME siguraneaz de peretele de toalet, alearg THIS WAY, JUMP AND SLIDE, JUMP INTO THE WATER) i pe catwalk, acioneaz umflarea manual a evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, observ starea tob, verific umflarea tob, se poziioneaz toboganului n timpul evacurii. Desprinde toboganul de la L1 (care va servi ca plut). Dupa evacuarea pasagerilor, ia pe platforma lateral A/C right, d comenzi megafonul, controleaz cu lanterna cabina de pilotaj i se (OPEN SEAT BELTS, COME THIS WAY, JUMP evacueaz prin fa. AND SLIDE), i evacueaz pax. Asist pax la evacuare, observ starea tob n timpul evacurii. Dup evacuarea pax, ia megafonul, controleaz cu lanterna cabina aftL2 i se evacueaz pe la L2. 3. mpreun cu piloii coordoneaz procedurile de supravieuire. Acord primul ajutor.
Edition 2
Chapter 7 Page 32
May 2010