Chemistry

Name Arnesh Batlaw, Sabrina Chen Period 1 Date November 28, 2013
T h e M o l e C o n c e p t U n i t 4

Moles, Molecules, and Grams Lab

! As weve already discussed in class, its easy to make conversions between moles, molecules/formula
units, and grams.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

For example, if we want to go from moles to grams, we use the molar mass to make this conversion. If we want to go from moles to molecules, we use Avogadros number, or 6.02 x 1023. Finally, if we want to go from grams to molecules/formula units, we just use a two step process where we first convert from grams to moles, and then from moles to molecules/F.U. Visually, it looks like this: Molar mass Grams 6.02 x 1023

Moles

Molecules/Formula Units

In this lab, we will be weighing out five different substances then finding out how many moles and molecules/F.U. of each one we have. Prelab: If you measure out 25.0 grams of NaOH in this lab, how many moles of NaOH would you have? How many formula units? 25 g NaOH * 1 mol/39.997g = 0.63 mol NaOH

Lab: In this lab, there are five different balances set up, each of which has a labeled substance in a little jar next to it. Your job is to find out how many moles and how many molecules of each substance are in the canister. Some information you might find useful: sand SiO2 baking soda (NaHCO3) chalk (CaCO3) table salt (NaCl) sugar: sucrose (C12H22O11)

! ! ! !

Make sure that your lab has a data table that contains the following: The name of each of these substances The formula for each of these substances The molar mass of each of these substances The mass in grams of each of these substances. When you are done weighing each material, calculate the number of moles of each material, and the number of molecules of each one, and put them in the right space. All calculations must be shown on lined paper with all conversion factors and unit cancelling.

Data Table:
Sand Formula Molar Mass Mass of Sample in Grams Baking Soda Chalk Table Salt Sugar C12H22O11 342.2965g 5.46g

SiO2
60.08g 7.60g

NaHCO3
84.007g 7.86g

CaCO3
100.0869g 1.92g

NaCl
58.44g 5.92g

Formula for 7.60g * moles 1mol/60.08g Number of Moles 0.126 mol

7.86g * 1mol/ 84.007g 0.0936 mol 0.0936mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/ 1mol 5.63*10^22 molecules

1.92g * 1mol/ 100.0869g 0.0192 mol 0.0192mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/ 1mol 1.16*10^22 molecules

5.92g * 1mol/58.44g 0.101 mol 0.101mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/ 1mol 6.08*10^22 molecules

5.46g * 1mol/ 342.2965g 0.0160 mol 0.160mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/ 1mol 9.63*10^22 molecules

Formula for 0.126mol * molecules 6.02*10^23 molecules/ 1mol Number of Molecules 7.59*10^22 molecules

Calculations: Using your data, find the following values. Make sure to show all work and write all numbers with the correct significant figures. 1a. Number of moles of sand: 0.126 mol

! ! b. Number of molecules of sand: 7.59*10^22 molecules ! ! ! ! 2a. Number of moles of baking soda: 0.094 mol ! ! b. Number of formula units of baking soda: 5.63*10^22 FU ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4. Number of formula units of salt: 6.08*10^22 FU ! ! ! !

3. Number of formula units of chalk: 1.16*10^22 FU Hint: String two conversions together

5. Number of molecules of sugar: 9.63*10^22 molecules

Post Lab Questions: 1. Which of the materials we worked with had the largest number of molecules/formula units? Was this the material that had the largest weight? Why?

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Sugar had the highest number of molecules, but one of the lowest sample mass. However, it also had an extremely high molar mass, which means its elements have a high number of moles; therefore, it would have the highest number of molecules.

2. Water has a molecular formula of H2O. If I have 50.0 g of water, how many moles of water do I have? How many molecules?

50.0g H20 * 1mol/18.01528g = 2.78 mol H2O 2.78mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/1mol = 1.67*10^24 molecules

3. Butane has a molecular formula of C4H10. If I have 50.0 grams of butane, how many moles of natural gas do I have? How many molecules?

50.0g C4H10 * 1mol/58.12g = 0.860 mol C4H10 0.860mol * 6.02*10^23 molecules/1mol = 5.18*10^24 molecules

4. I had the same weight of water and butane in problems 3 and 4. Why didnt the answer come out the same? Explain.

It didnt come out to the same answer because the molar mass for C4H10 and H2O is different. Because of this, the answers that comes out of dimensional analysis results in being different.