APUSH Chapter Guide #3: Chapters 14, 15, and 16

Chapter 14: The House Divided, 18461861 Essential Points: The Wilmot Proviso prohibited slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War. It was defeated in the Senate where the South remained strong. The Wilmot Proviso did not support popular sovereignty. The Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850. It enraged abolitionists who refused to support it. The resistance infuriated Southerners who accused the North of acting in bad faith. The Kansas-Nebraska Act heightened sectional tensions by repealing the Missouri Compromise and helping to spark the formation of the Republican Party. The Supreme Courts decision in the Dred Scott case held that black people were not citizens of the U.S. The ruling also struck down the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Republican Party platform accepted slavery where it existed but opposed the further expansion of slavery into territories. Key Terms: The Compromise of 1850 Popular Sovereignty The Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Case Evolution of political parties Democrats vs. Republicans Election of 1860 Chapter 15: The Crucible of War, 18611865 Essential Points: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri were all slaveholding Border States that remained in the Union. The North enjoyed significant advantages in population, industrial capacity, and railroad mileage. The South enjoyed the advantage of being led by an able group of military commanders who fought a defensive war on their own territory. The Union victory at Antietam enabled President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The victory persuaded Great Britain and France to remain neutral. The Republican-dominated Congress passed the Homestead Act and the Morrill Act. It also authorized the construction of a transcontinental railroad and the creation of a more uniform national banking system. The Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves living in states that had rebelled against the Union. It did not free slaves in the Border States. Key Terms: N v. S advantages/disadvantages Border States Battle of Antietam Emancipation Proclamation Congressional actions in Civil War Presidential actions in Civil War

Chapter 16: Reconstruction, 18631877 Essential Points: The Black Codes enacted by Southern legislatures were designed to limit the freedom of African Americans by depriving them of their civil rights. The 14th Amendment invalidated the Dred Scott decision. It also protected legislation guaranteeing civil rights to African Americans by requiring both federal and state governments to provide all citizens with equal protection of the law and due process. The Radical Republican program of Reconstruction included military occupation of the South and the enactment of the 14th and 15th Amendments. Congress did not redistribute land to provide freedmen with 40 acres and a mule. The House of Representatives impeached President Jonson because he obstructed enforcement of Reconstruction legislation enacted by Congress. The 15th Amendment provided suffrage for Black males while denying the vote to women. Sharecropping became an important element in the Souths agricultural economy. It left sharecroppers trapped in a cycle of debt and poverty. The Compromise of 1877 ended Congressional Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South. Key Terms: 13th amendment 14th amendment 15th amendment Presidential Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction Sharecroppers Black Codes Election of 1876 Compromise of 1877 1883 Civil Rights Cases Ku Klux Klan The New South Carpetbaggers Scalawag The collapse of Reconstruction