SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

UNIT - 4

CONSTRUCTION
Its construction is essentially same as the alternator. It is a doubly excited machine. A short circuited damper winding is mounted on the rotor. Damper windings provide a means of starting the synchronous motor.

ROTOR SIDE VIEW

Cylindrical Rotor

Salient-pole Rotor

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Salient-pole rotor
N

3-phase
supply
S

Stator

3 1 (Ef) min 1

Ia2 2

V 3 Ef sin Ia2Xs

Ef1

Ef2

Ef3

Ia cos

Fig. Effect of field current on p.f and line current

V-CURVES
Lagging PF region (+Q Consumed) Leading PF region (+Q Supplied) Full load Half load No load

Ia

If

INVERTED V-CURVES
P.F
1.0
Full load Half load No load

Lagging P.F

Leading P.F

If

METHODS OF STARTING
Starting with the help of external prime mover Starting with the help of damper windings

APPLICATIONS
Power factor correction Constant-speed, constant-load drives Voltage regulation

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

An overexcited synchronous motor operating under leading p.f is used Motor is generally operated under no-load Synchronous motor operating under these circumstances is called as synchronous condenser or synchronous phase modifier.

CONSTANT SPEED APPLICATIONS

Centrifugal pumps Belt-driven reciprocating compressors Blowers Line shafts Centrifugal and screw-type pumps Ball and tube mills Vacuum pumps

Chippers

Metal rolling mills

Also used in Rubber and paper mills

PROBLEM
1. A 3000 V, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor running at 1500 r.p.m has its excitation kept constant corresponding to no-load terminal voltage of 3000 V. Determine the power input and power factor for an armature current of 250 A if the synchronous reactance is 5 per phase and armature resistance is neglected. Ans: 1211.483 kW; PF = 0.9326 (lagging)