DDL, DML, TCL, DCL

Document prepared by: AN.Murugappan

DATA RETRIVAL SELECT DDL - DATA DEFINE LANGUAGE CREATE ALTER RENAME DROP TRUNCATE DML - DATA MANUPLATION LANGUAGE INSERT UPDATE DELETE MERGE TCL - TRANCATION CONTROL LANGUAGE COMMIT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE GRANT REVOKE

DATA RETRIVAL
SELECT SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENTS

DDL - DATA DEFINE LANGUAGE

CREATE ALTER - ADD - MODIFY - RENAME - DROP RENAME DROP TRUNCATE

CREATE

DATA TYPES USED WHILE CREATING TABLE NUMBER VARCHAR CHAR LONG CLOB DATE TIMESTAMP SYNTAX : CREATE TABLE TABLENAME ( ATTRIBUTE_NAME DATATYPE(SIZE), ATTRIBUTE _NAME DATATYPE(SIZE), ATTRIBUTE _NAME DATATYPE(SIZE) ); [MAX SIZE 38] [4000] [2000] (IF YOU KNOW THE EXACT SIZE WE CAN USE CHAR) [UP TO 2 GP] [UP TO 4 GP]

CREATE TABLE STUDENTS ( SID NUMBER(3), NAME VARCHAR(20), GENDER CHAR(1), DOB DATE, FEEDBACK LONG );

DESC STUDENTS;

ALTER

ADD MODIFY DROP RENAME ADD ALTER TABLE STUDENTS ADD DEPARTMENT VARCHAR(30);

DESC STUDENTS;

MODIFY ALTER TABLE STUDENTS MODIFY DEPARTMENT CHAR(3);

DESC STUDENTS;

RENAME ALTER TABLE STUDENTS RENAME COLUMN DEPARTMENT TO DEPT;

DESC STUDENTS;

DROP ALTER TABLE STUDENTS DROP COLUMN DEPT;

RENAME

RENAME STUDENTS TO STUD;

DESC STUDENTS;

DESC STUD;

TRUNCATE

TRUNCATE TABLE STUD; SELECT * FROM STUD;

DROP

DROP TABLE STUD;

DESC STUD;

DML - DATA MANUPLATION LANGUAGE

INSERT UPDATE DELETE MERGE

CREATE TABLE STUDENTS ( SID NUMBER(3), NAME VARCHAR(20), GENDER CHAR(1), DOB DATE, FEEDBACK LONG );

SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

INSERT

INSERT INTO STUDENTS VALUES(100,'RAMESH','M','21-FEB-90','GOOD');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS VALUES(101,'SENTHIL','M','23-SEP-91','BAD');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS VALUES(101,'JANANI','F','27-NOV-91','NOT BAD');

SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

UPDATE

UPDATE STUDENTS SET DOB = '29-JUL-91' WHERE DOB = '27-NOV-91';

SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

DELETE

DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE GENDER = 'F';

SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

DELETE FROM STUDENTS; SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

MERGE

INSERT + UPDATE

TCL - TRANCATION CONTROL LANGUAGE

COMMIT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT

DCL - DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE

GRANT REVOKE CREATE USER USED TO CREATE USER (MOSTLY CREATED BY DBA) GRANT HERE WE GIVE THE PRIVILEGE TO ACCESS THE OBJECTS CREATE SESSION CREATE TABLE CREATE VIEWS CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE PROCEDURE CONNECT TO DATABASE CREATE TABLE IN USERS SCHEMA CREATE VIEWS IN USERS SCHEMA CREATE SEQUENCE IN USERS SCHEMA CREATE STORED PROCEDURE, FUNCTIONS OR PACKAGES IN USERS SCHEMA

CREATE ROLE HERE WE CREATE A COLLECTION OF PREVILEGE BASED ON THE ROLE ALTER USER HERE WE CHANGE THE USERS PASSWORD REVOKE HERE WE REMOVE THE PRIVILEGE GIVEN TO THE USER

CREATE USER CREATE USER MURUGAPPAN IDENTIFIED BY OPEN;

GRANT PRIVILAGE TO THE CREATED USER GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE SEQUENCE TO MURUGAPPAN;

CREATE ROLE CREATE ROLE SQLDEVELOPER;

GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE SEQUENCE TO SQLDEVELOPER;

CREATE USER JOHN IDENTIFIED BY OPEN;

GRANT SQLDEVELOPER TO JOHN;

ALTER USER (CHANGE PASSWORD) ALTER USER JOHN IDENTIFIED BY OPEN1;

REVOKE PRIVILAGE FROM THE CREATED USER

REVOKE SQLDEVELOPER FROM JOHN;