46 F
'

l1 l2 

F l2 l2 l1   l1 46 , 2 46 , . . . , n 46 , . . . n = 1, . . . , 90 F ' l1

l1 F 46n n < 90 '

& '

   

A B AB
#"! 

l

A l

A AB

A 

AA B AB

! 

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"  

P O 1/k A B C ABC O E AE P KP BF

CD ON


  F G

ABCD ABCD

DEF G

R S T H  AHD = 45

OKLM N OP RST OKLM N

MS
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DHF = 90 B H F

EHF = 135

A E H

BHA = 45

" 

72



" 

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10 10 10 10 A B C D


1 118 1 (100 + 9 3) 

N# #&



CD

AB

#

# 

A B C D
'

10 +

3 CD



AB

# $    & ' R

AB

C
 ' 

AB r A B

AB C AB CL CD O D C  O DC ACB CD 
$ OLC

ACB O O  D OC L OD OL

 AC/CB

X AB 
 A B

AX/XB =

C AB
 

AB

C A B ABCD BF D  E ABE


%  ABE

 BCF

F EF

BF D F BF C = 135 = AEB  ABE = CBF  EBF = 90 ABE EAB = 30 EBA = 15  %

ABE = BCF

AEB 1 BE/EF = = BE/AB 2 sin EAB = BE sin AEB/AB = 1/2

"

% &  

AB r1 AB r1 = r2 AB
 & 

r2

r1 > r2

AB

AB
 & 

&

r1 r2 ABC AB = r1 r2

r1 = (AB + BC + CA)/2 r2 = (BC + CA AB )/2

& ' 

L() + + = 2 A B C  L() L( ) L( ) AB L( )  n
  

( + )/2 = /2 ( + 2 )/2 = /2 /2 L() L( )  ABC

  

L( )  ABC

n n2 n


n

ABC

 

AB

AB AB  BC AC n = 2k + 2k + 2l = 2k+1 + 2l


AB 20 ABC


 

n = 2k +2l B C

k>0 2k1

A ABC 
 

n AB = AC

   

ABC A B C
%

O 

A B C  A1 B1 C1 

OA

BC OB

AC OC

AB O

AA1 BB1 CC1 BC CA AB

Oa Ob Oc  COc OC AB AOa BOb Oa Ob Oc COc

ABC ABC

'   T 

ABC A P    A

A AB = AC H L M 

BC

A

A LM
!  

P M > AH AL AH b A B

L AM  A b a X Y B

AP AHM X AY b XB a V U

HL <

a b AX BY

AU X Y U B AY BX U V UV
&

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P ABP AB  C  C A B C  ABP A B OP  " CC O = CP O = 90 O C CP P C = OP P P CP P C = BP P A BP A P = |R2 OP 2 | P AB P OP

P P  C P A

OP P P

" #  

BC

ABC BC CA AB P M

M

A1 B1 C1 P A1

B1 C1

AA1 BB1 CC1 P B/P C = A1 B/AC M C = (P C + A1 C )/2 M A1 = (P B + A1 B )/2 = (P C A1 C )/2 M A1 /M C = A1 B/A1 C

$   

AB < AC

M B = (P B A1 B )/2 M B/M A1 =

ABC

A > 60 60 BA AC BA C = 60

BC

AB C AB

ABC A B C = AB C = B AC  $ BAC =

'

$ %   A1 B1

A A2 B2 XY AA1 A1 B1 BB2

B X

AA2

BB1 

XAY = XBY XBY = B2 BA AA1 B1 A1 B1 B = BAA2 + B2 A2 A

&  

XAY =

A B X Y BAA2 BAX = BAA2 BB1 A1 A1 B1 A2 B2 ABB1 +

H BC

BZ

ABC X HX HY

AC

Y X Y Z
&

AZ

HX AY V

BZ V  HY AZ HU/U X = Y V /HV HU/Y V = HV /XU BU H AY V BU H HU/Y V = BU/AV

U 

HV /XU = BU/AV



& '  

T T1 T1 T T1

T0 I0 O1  2 : 1  H IH
' T M

T T0 T1 T1 T T1 O0  I0 O0 T M
1 3

T1 O0 I0 O 1 OH O H  HO I 3 M O1 O1 



'    BCD CDA DAB ABC C1 D1 A1 D1 A1 B1 A1 B1 C1

A B C D A1 B1 C1 D1  A2 B2 C2 D2 

B1 C1 D1

ABC BCD CDA DAB X  ' ACD BCD AB Y Z U  AC BC CD Y XZ = Y XU + XU Z = DCA + BDC = BCD X ' ABC X ' ABD ' DA ACB1 X ' ABB1 CBB1 ' ABA1 BCC1 A1 B1 B BB1 C1 A1 B1 C1 U V W UV W
'

'

A B C D
  

AB BC CA
2 SABC SA B

ABC SBC SCA B ,

A B

4SAB

AA BB CC P1 = AB BC CA P2 = BA AC CB R ABC P1 P2 1 SAB C SBC A SCA B = , 2 2 SABC SA ( P + P ) 4 1 2 B C P1 = P2 BB



SA B

= (P1 + P2 )/4R

AA P AX BP P XY X 

CC


A B Y 

Q  ABQ = AXQ = Y XQ = ABP Q

!   

X Y PQ = X

BP Q

ABX P XY BQP = ( BP Q + QBP ) = P XY PQ G

ABCD 


 ' 

ABCD G HG : GO = 2 : 1 ABCD


H H G O N

  

 

N G I Ma Ha  O Ma Mb Mc Md

N G : GI = 2 : 1 BCD

Ha Hb Hc Hd


O M1

G 2:1 M1 

IM1 G  IAB IBC ICD IDA

I a b c d


2 3

A B C D A B C D a b c d I  U  V BC AD


N M1 I

2a + b + d 2b + a + c 2c + b + d 2d + c + a b+d a+c b+d a+c

SIAB SIBC + SICD SIDA = 0 XY L

X Y 

BL/DL = b/d AL/CL = a/c SV BC /SV AD = CL/AL SIBC /SIAD = (b + c)/(a + d) (a + c)/(b + d)
"   

LXB LY D SU BC /SU AD = BL/DL I AC

P A P AB P A B C B

P


ABC P P1  P AB AB 2 OA2 + OB 2 = OP 2 + OP2 P1 P2 AB P2  ABP1 ABP2 OP1 = OP2 OP2 O OP

AP BP2  P

PA PB AB

!

P ABC OP 2 = 3R2 2OP 2 M ABC 2:1 O ABC OH M H = 2M O M K = KH 3R2 2OP 2 /3 P 

P AC BCB P A P PP ABC H OP O M K BC CD AB/CD A B C ADB = CDB = DCA = BCA D

sin sin 3

1:2 M

# 

ABCD


DA

CBD = CBA = DAC = DAB

AB BC

BC BD

BD CD

sin sin

BAC BAD

sin sin

AB CD

$ 

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