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GH VRSRUWH \ GLVWULEXFLyQ )XH GHVDUUROODGR RULJLQDOPHQWH FRPR XQ VLVWHPD RSHUDWLYR PXOWLWDUHD

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KDVWD FRQYHUWLUVH HQ XQR GH ORV VLVWHPDV RSHUDWLYRV PiV XVDGRV HQ FXDOTXLHU ODGR SHVH D VX LQWHUID]
FRQIXVD \ VX IDOWD GH HVWDQGDUL]DFLyQ
81,; HV XQ VLVWHPD RSHUDWLYR PXOWLXVXDULR PXOWLWDUHD (VWR VLJQLILFD TXH PXFKDV SHUVRQDV SXHGHQ
HVWDU XVDQGR OD FRPSXWDGRUD DO PLVPR WLHPSR FRUULHQGR GLIHUHQWHV DSOLFDFLRQHV

/LQX[

(Q HVWH PDQXDO WUDEDMDUHPRV FRQ XQD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ GH 81,; OODPDGD

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GH 81,; GLVHxDGR HQ XQ SULQFLSLR SDUD ODV SODWDIRUPDV ,QWHO  \ 
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7&3,3 /LQX[ HV YHUViWLO HV GLVWULEXLGR GH PDQHUD JUDWXLWD HQ ORV WpUPLQRV GH OD /LFHQFLD 3XEOLFD
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PXQGR KDJDQ KHUUDPLHQWDV SDUD pO D XQ FRVWR PX\ EDMR



       
 

'HELGR D TXH 81,; HV XQ VLVWHPD RSHUDWLYR PXOWLXVXDULR SDUD HPSH]DU D XWLOL]DU HO VLVWHPD ORV
XVXDULRV GHEHQ UHDOL]DU GRV SDVRV



'HEHQ LGHQWLILFDUVH IUHQWH DO VLVWHPD ORJLQ

'HEHQ GHPRVWUDU TXH VRQ ORV XVXDULRV DXWRUL]DGRV GH OD FXHQWD SDVVZRUG

3DUD HQWUDU D VX PDTXLQD FRQ /LQX[ HVFULED OR VLJXLHQWH

(Q HO DYLVR GH HQWUDGD HVFULED VX ORJLQ HQ HO HMHPSOR HV DQJHO

Linux 2.0.27 (leon.felinos.ve) (ttyp0)

leon login: angel
/XHJR LQWURGX]FD VX SDODEUD FODYH HVWD QR VH PXHVWUD SRU SDQWDOOD SRU UD]RQHV GH
VHJXULGDG

Password:
6L HO LQWHQWR HV H[LWRVR HO VLVWHPD OH SHUPLWLUi HQWUDU

Last login: Fri Sep 26 22:37:46 from tigre.felinos.ve

Linux 2.0.27.
angel has logged on ttyp0 from pantera.
leon:~>
< SDUD VDOLU HVFULED OD SDODEUD H[LW R ORJRXW

leon:~>exit





  
     # %

 
     URRW VXSHUXVXDULR        
            
     
 !               "
   
     #       $%   
    " $    
     

   %    
&202 &$0%,$5 '( 3$66:25'

&            "

    
   # 
          " $    "
"       
'   (          "  )
tigre:~> passwd

* 
    ( 
Changing password for angel
Enter old password:

         ( 

Enter new password:

!      (  $

  "  
Re-type new password:

           

  ( $   +,
Password changed.
tigre:~>

'2&80(17$&,1 (1 /1($ '(/ 6,67(0$

   - $%      '   %  

)
man [comando]

'   

 
       SDVVZG
  
 '   %  
 )
tigre:~> man passwd

.       

PASSWD(1)
PASSWD(1)
NAME

Linux Programmer's Manual

passwd - change password

SYNOPSIS
passwd [ name [ password ] ]
DESCRIPTION
Without arguments passwd will change the password for the
current user. First the user is asked for the old password, then prompted twice for the new password in order
to
catch typing errors. The new password must be at least
six
characters long, and have both upper and lower case
letters or non-letters. The new password must not be equal
to
the old password, and it must not match the username.
the
may
not
proper

giving

The

one

and

two

argument forms may only be used by

superuser. Using the one argument form, the superuser

change

the

password for that user.

The superuser is

asked for the users old password, and the rules for
legitimate reasons to choose a non-conformant password.
The two argument form gives the user the password stated
as the second argument. This may be useful when
many users an initial generated password.
Giving an empty string as the second argument erases
password for the user.

FILES

/etc/passwd
/etc/shells

SEE ALSO
chsh(1), chfn(1)
BUGS
poor

A password consisting of all digits is allowed.

No warnings are printed if the superuser chooses a
password.
The -f and -s options are not supported.
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)

Linux 1.2
1

22 June 1994

the


 


 
    
  
 
       


    

   

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  "#$%
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    &  
 
  



 
 

   




 "#$% ()*  ) +,
- 
   
  
  
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  /
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  ;
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 1 1 PDQ VHFFLyQ FRPDQGR <  3  

    

   
  ,
tigre:~> man 2 mount 

   

  

 
tigre:~> man 8 mount  
   


 
! &  
1  
   
1     

  ) 
  3
   
1   
1
   1
 
 &  1
3 "#$%,

tigre:~> man -k rename

mren (1)
- rename an existing MSDOS file
mv (1)
- rename files
rename (2)
- change the name or location of a file
rename (3tcl)
- Rename or delete a command
XSetWMName, XGetWMName, XStoreName, XFetchName (3x) - set or
read a window's WM_NAME property
tigre:~>

-  man -k [comando] 

 
1
1
   &   

  
 

 
  
 


0  



  1

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<

   
 PDQ N     
 

   
1 3
 
 
 FDWPDQ N  


 
   
 

  
 ZKR   &     
  


,
tigre:~>
root
josev
jose
foto

who
tty1
ttyp0
ttyp1
ttyp2

Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep

27
27
27
27

11:00
10:38 (pantera.felinos.ve)
10:59 (pantera.felinos.ve)
10:59 (pantera.felinos.ve)

tigre:~>

'H L]TXLHUGD D GHUHFKD VH PXHVWUD DO ORJLQ GHO XVXDULR HO WHUPLQDO HQ HO TXH HVWi FRQHFWDGR HQ HO
HMHPSOR WRGRV VRQ WHUPLQDOHV
 H[FHSWR HO TXH GLFH WW\ TXH HV SRU FRQVROD OD IHFKD \ KRUD HQ
TXH VH LQLFLy OD FRQH[LyQ \ HO OXJDU GHVGH GRQGH VH OOHYD D FDER WRGRV VH HVWiQ FRQHFWDQGR GH
PDQHUD UHPRWD GHVGH XQD PDTXLQD OODPDGD SDQWHUDIHOLQRVYH H[FHSWR URRW


 
 



  
 

8Q DUFKLYR HV OD XQLGDG EiVLFD GHO VLVWHPD RSHUDWLYR 81,; &DVL WRGR HV WUDWDGR FRPR XQ
DUFKLYR LQFOX\HQGR

 (VWR LQFOX\H DUFKLYRV GH WH[WR FRPR FDUWDV FyGLJR IXHQWH GH

FRPSXWDGRUD SiJLQDV HVFULWDV HQ KWPO R FXDOTXLHU FRVD TXH XVWHG HVFULED
   0XFKRV FRPDQGRV VRQ DUFKLYRV HMHFXWDEOHV (OORV VRQ DUFKLYRV TXH
XVWHG SXHGH FRUUHU 3RU HMHPSOR HO FRPDQGR SZG 3ULQW :RUNLQJ 'LUHFWRU\ HV XQ
FRPDQGR HMHFXWDEOH

  
  81,; WUDWD VX WHUPLQDO LPSUHVRUD \ XQLGDGHV GH GLVFR FRPR DUFKLYRV

3RU HMHPSOR HO GLVSRVLWLYR GHYIG XQLGDG GH GLVFR IOH[LEOH  HV XQ DUFKLYR
    ,QFOXVLYH KD\ XQ DUFKLYR HVSHFLDO OODPDGR 
  HO FXDO HV
XQ DJXMHUR QHJUR FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH GDWR HQYLDGR DOOt HV GHVFDUWDGR

  8Q GLUHFWRULR HV XQ DUFKLYR TXH VLUYH SDUD FRQWHQHU RWURV DUFKLYRV

 

   
           
 

 

 
   
 


 
  
 
  


  
  

  
  !     "#  
# $
tigre:~> ls /
System.map
cdrom/
dev/
lost+found/
mnt/
root/
boot/
home/
tigre:~>

lib/
quota.user
var/
proc/

quota.group
usr/ bin/

tmp/

sbin/

vmlinuz

etc/

%
 

 
    "#  $


         

  "         


$

$
  
!
 
#
 

 "#  

!
&  "
  '        

(
)
'     )
    !

 

   
  
  
  
      

 
   
  
    

 
 !
  
" 
 
  !

!
! 



 #
"
 $
     

  
"

"  
  
"
 $


 %   
"  &  %    $ 

'(   
 
"       
   $ 


    
   
" 
 )
"    
        
  * 
 
     

  
!     *    $ 
+ '
"  
 
   
"  

   


 
    
 * 
&     
   
  


"  
 "$  

 %  
  
  !
 ! $
$    
  ! 
   
  

 
  !      
 

 
" 

 ,   
 *  
    ) !
 !
  +

   
-$        
      .  
"  &
 
  /  0   "    

1    
    
 
tigre:~> pwd
/home/angel
tigre:~>

1       
 "$ )
"
$ +  #"  

0 
  

tigre:~> cd /etc
tigre:/etc>

2         
"  * &
 
 

  


tigre:/etc> ls
DIR_COLORS
sendmail.st
HOSTNAME
services
NETWORKING
NNTP_INEWS_DOMAIN
X11@
slip.hosts
XF86Config
slip.login

ftpconversions

makedev.cfg

ftpgroups

motd

ftpusers
gateways
group

msgs/
mtab
mtools.conf

host.conf

named/

shells
skel/

XF86Config.bak
snooptab
XF86Config.orig
ssh_config
tigre:/etc>

hosts

named.boot

hosts.allow

named.boot.orig

 
  
   
tigre:/etc> pwd
/etc
tigre:/etc>

 
 
 
     
 
   
  
       

 
 
 
 

tigre:~> cd /etc/skel/
tigre:/etc/skel>


  



 
     
  



 
 
 
  

tigre:/etc> cd skel/
tigre:/etc/skel>

!     "

 # 
 
   

 
   



      

    #
   
$
leon:/etc/skel> cd ..
leon:/etc>

% $ && # '    (   

  $ && # '   

" 
      &&   
   #    

 
 
 
leon:/etc/skel> cd ../../
leon:/>

) # 
  #
tigre:/etc> cd /home/angel
tigre:~>


 


  

*+

 
 ,  
 
    
    

#(   


 

- ", 
   


 
 
  #
    
 . ./ = #
 
 /. 0


12 #
 
 /.


  
                
      
       
 cd -           
leon:~> cd /etc
leon:/etc> cd /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/spool/mail> cd leon:/etc>

       !            " 
#     $
leon:~> cd /var/spool/mail

%          
leon:/var/spool/mail> pushd .
/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail

&         

   
leon:/var/spool/mail> cd /etc
leon:/etc> pushd .
/etc /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/etc> cd /var/adm/
leon:/var/adm> pushd .
/var/adm /var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/adm> cd /mnt

'           "        #   $

leon:/mnt> dirs
/mnt /var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail

(                


leon:/mnt> popd
/var/adm /etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/var/adm> popd
/etc /var/spool/mail
leon:/etc> popd
/var/spool/mail
leon:/var/spool/mail>

 
 

      
 


            ) "        

     $

leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>

mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir

documentos
/home/angel/documentos2
~angel/documentos3
prueba

3DUD HOLPLQDU XQ GLUHFWRULR XWLOL]DPRV





 

   


leon:~> rmdir documentos

leon:~> rmdir /home/foto/documentos2
leon:~> rmdir ~foto/documentos3
leon:~>

([LVWH XQD IRUPD GH HOLPLQDU VXEGLUHFWRULRV YDFtRV LQFOX\HQGR DO GLUHFWRULR SULQFLSDO FRQ UPGLU
leon:~> mkdir prueba1
leon:~> cd prueba1/
leon:~/prueba> mkdir prueba2

&RQ HVWR KDFHPRV HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHOSUXHEDSUXHED $KRUD TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDU D SUXHED MXQWR
FRQ VX GLUHFWRULR SDGUH SUXHED
leon:~/prueba> cd
leon:~> rmdir -p prueba1/prueba2/

 
   



(O FRPDQGR  OH GLFH DO XVXDULR TXp DUFKLYRV \ GLUHFWRULRV HVWiQ HQ XQ GLUHFWRULR 'HVSXpV GHO
FRPDQGR  O HV TXL]iV HO FRPDQGR 81,; PiV XWLOL]DGR
&RQ DQWHULRULGDG YLPRV TXH OD VLQWD[LV GHO FRPDQGR  HV
 


6LQ HPEDUJR OV SXHGH KDFHU FRVDV PiV LQWHUHVDQWHV TXH VyOR PRVWUDU HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ GLUHFWRULR
3RU HMHPSOR VL TXHUHPRV YHU D WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV LQFOX\HQGR D ORV DUFKLYRV RFXOWRV HVFULELUHPRV
DOJR DVt
leon:~> ls -a
./
.ctwmrc
prueba/
../
.fvwm2rc95
leon:~>

.history

.lessrc

foto/

.less

.steprc

passwd.orig

(Q HVWD VDOLGD SRU SDQWDOOD WHQHPRV TXH SDVVZGRULJ HV XQ DUFKLYR QRUPDO PLHQWUDV TXH VWHSUF HV
XQ DUFKLYR RFXOWR HV GHFLU TXH QR SXHGH VHU YLVWR FRQ OD LQYRFDFLyQ GH OV VLQ DUJXPHQWRVO /D
XWLOLGDG GH ORV DUFKLYRV RFXOWRV HV TXH VRQ XQ SRFR PiV GLItFLOHV GH HOLPLQDU R PRGLILFDU
LQDGYHUWLGDPHQWH
)tMHVH HQ OD GLIHUHQFLD DO KDFHU VRODPHQWH OV HQ HVWH GLUHFWRULR
leon:~> ls
foto/
leon:~>

passwd.orig

prueba/



 
  
    
  
 
   



leon:~> ls -s
total 3
1 foto/
leon:~>

1 passwd.orig

1 prueba/


   

!   
 
" !

 #      !
leon:~> ls -l
total 3
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
-rw-r--r-1 angel
passwd.orig
drwx-----2 angel

users
users

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

652 Sep 27 17:24

users

1024 Jun 26 10:22 prueba/

$%  
  &
' ( &
     )    


!   
* +
 *  

, !
 
*  
 ,*
 + &  
& , &  
  



 
 

!&  
 
 
 
 # 

-
  
   
  

. 
    
 
  
    
-

     




 
 , # 
  /


 
& 
 
& 
* 


&

0
  
  




1


# 
,*  
 
 

 

&
 #    
 
  # 2

leon:~> ls -las
total 75
2 drwx-----17:24 ./
1 drwxr-xr-x
19:34 ../
14 -rw------1997 .ctwmrc
28 -rw------1997 .fvwm2rc95
1 -rw------13:43 .history
1 -rw------1993 .less
1 -rw------1993 .lessrc
24 -rw------13:05 .steprc
1 drwxr-xr-x
17:22 foto/

4 foto

users

2048 Sep 27

5 root

root

1024 Jul

1 foto

users

13228 Feb 19

1 foto

users

26779 Mar

1 foto

users

494 Sep 27

1 foto

users

34 Nov 24

1 foto

users

114 Nov 24

1 foto

users

23270 Jul 24

10 foto

users

1024 Sep 27

1 -rw-r--r-1 foto
17:24 passwd.orig
1 drwx-----2 foto
10:22 prueba/
leon:~>

users

652 Sep 27

users

1024 Jun 26

0iV DGHODQWH SURIXQGL]DUHPRV HO FRQFHSWR GH SHUPLVRORJtD \ SURSLHGDG GH DUFKLYR

'26 $7$-26 7,/(6 < "

81,; OH SHUPLWH D XVWHG WUDEDMDU FRQ PiV GH XQ DUFKLYR D OD YH] DO SURYHHU GRV 209,.,7,.90708
OODPDGRV DVt SRUTXH HOORV VH UHILHUHQ D FXDOTXLHU FDUiFWHU R JUXSR GH FDUDFWHUHV HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ
DUFKLYR 'H HVWD PDQHUD XVWHG SXHGH RSHUDU HQ XQ Q~PHUR GH DUFKLYRV FX\RV QRPEUHV FRLQFLGDQ HO
SDWUyQ TXH XVWHG SURYHH
3RU HMHPSOR TXHUHPRV OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH FRPLHQFHQ SRU K HQ HWF
leon:~> ls /etc/h*
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts.deny
leon:~>

/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd

4XLHUR OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH WHUPLQHQ HQ FRQI

leon:~> ls /etc/*.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/ld.so.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/lilo.conf
/etc/yp.conf
leon:~>

/etc/mtools.conf
/etc/resolv.conf

&RPR SXHGH YHU pO   UHSUHVHQWD FXDOTXLHU Q~PHUR GH FDUDFWHUHV HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR 8Q

DVWHULVFR SRU VL PLVPR UHSUHVHQWD D WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV HQ XQ GLUHFWRULR H[FHSWR ORV DUFKLYRV
RFXOWRV (Q FDPELR HO FDUiFWHU " UHSUHVHQWD XQ VROR FDUiFWHU HQ HO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR
3RU HMHPSOR VL TXLHUR OLVWDU WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV HQ HWF TXH FRPLHQFHQ SRU K \ WHQJDQ  OHWUDV
leon:~> ls /etc/h????
/etc/hosts
leon:~>

3XHGR PH]FODU DPEDV RSFLRQHV /D VLJXLHQWH VDOLGD PH PXHVWUD WRGRV ORV DUFKLYRV TXH WHQJDQ XQD
H[WHQVLyQ GH  OHWUDV
leon:~> ls /etc/*.????
/etc/at.deny
/etc/ld.so.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/lilo.conf
/etc/hosts.deny
/etc/mtools.conf
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/named.boot
leon:~>

8VR DGLFLRQDO GH ORV FDUDFWpUHV HVSHFLDOHV

/etc/named.boot.orig
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/yp.conf

/RV FDUDFWpUHV HVSHFLDOHV TXH DFDED GH DSUHQGHU SXHGHQ VHU XWLOL]DGRV WDPELpQ SDUD PRYHU FRSLDU \
ERUUDU DUFKLYRV HV GHFLU FXDOTXLHU RSHUDFLyQ GH PDQLSXODFLyQ GH DUFKLYRV SXHGH XWLOL]DU HVWRV
FDUDFWpUHV


  
    
 



(O FRPDQGR
 PXHVWUD HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ DUFKLYR XQD SDQWDOOD D OD YH] VL HO DUFKLYR RFXSD PiV
GH XQD SDQWDOOD PRVWUDUi OD SDODEUD
-more-

VHJXLGR GH HO SRUFHQWDMH PRVWUDGR GHO DUFKLYR KDVWD DKRUD HQ HO IRQGR GH OD SDQWDOOD

3UHVLRQH OD EDUUD HVSDFLDGRUD SDUD YHU OD VLJXLHQWH SDQWDOOD GHO DUFKLYR SUHVLRQH  SDUD REWHQHU
D\XGD SUHVLRQH  SDUD VDOLU
6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR HWFLQHWGFRQI
leon:/etc> more inetd.conf
# See "man 8 inetd" for more information.
#
# If you make changes to this file, either reboot your machine
or send the
# inetd a HUP signal:
# Do a "ps x" as root and look up the pid of inetd. Then do a
# "kill -HUP <pid of inetd>".
# The inetd will re-read this file whenever it gets that signal.
#
# <service_name> <sock_type> <proto> <flags> <user>
<server_path> <args>
#
echo
stream tcp
nowait root
internal
echo
dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
discard stream tcp
nowait root
internal
discard dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
daytime stream tcp
nowait root
internal
daytime dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
chargen stream tcp
nowait root
internal
chargen dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
time
stream tcp
nowait root
internal
time
dgram
udp
wait
root
internal
#
# These are standard services.
--More--(17%)

7DPELpQ SXHGH EXVFDU FDGHQDV GH WH[WR GHQWUR GHO DUFKLYR (VFULED  VHJXLGR GH OD FDGHQD GH WH[WR
EXVFDGD \ SXOVH 
 %XVTXHPRV OD FDGHQD  HQ HO DUFKLYR
# These are standard services.
/rlogin
...skipping
#
shell
stream tcp
nowait
-L
login
stream tcp
nowait
in.rlogind
# exec stream tcp
nowait
in.rexecd

root

/usr/sbin/tcpd

root

/usr/sbin/tcpd

root

/usr/sbin/tcpd

in.rshd

# talk dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#ntalk dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#
# Kerberos authenticated services
#
# klogin
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rlogind -k
# eklogin
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rlogind -k -x
# kshell
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rshd -k
#
# Services run ONLY on the Kerberos server
#
# krbupdate
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
registerd
# kpasswd
stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
kpasswdd
#
# Pop et al
#
# pop2 stream tcp
nowait root
/usr/sbin/tcpd in.pop2d
--More--(57%)

&RPR SXHGH YHU PRUH EXVFD OD SULPHUD RFXUUHQFLD \ VH GHWLHQH

2WUD IRUPD GH YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GH WRGR HO DUFKLYR GH XQD VROD YH] HV FRQ HO FRPDQGR .,9
leon:/etc> cat /etc/passwd
root:XkWExN0RX5KaM:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
adm:*:3:4:adm:/var/adm:
lp:*:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:
sync:*:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:*:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:*:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:*:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:
news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
uucp:*:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucppublic:
operator:*:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash
games:*:12:100:games:/usr/games:
man:*:13:15:man:/usr/man:
postmaster:*:14:12:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/bash
nobody:*:65534:100:nobody:/dev/null:
ftp:*:404:1::/home/ftp:/bin/bash
guest:*:405:100:guest:/dev/null:/dev/null
+foto::::::
+jose::::::
leon:/etc>

&DW PXHVWUD HO DUFKLYR GH XQD VROD YH] QR VH GHWLHQH VL HO DUFKLYR RFXSD PiV GH XQD SDQWDOOD
3HUR \ TXH SDVD VL HVWR\ LQWHUHVDGR HQ YHU HO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR VRODPHQWH"
leon:/etc> tail /etc/inetd.conf

netbios-ns
dgram
udp
wait
root
/usr/sbin/nmbd
nmbd
#
# Sun-RPC based services.
# <service
name/version><sock_type><rpc/prot><flags><user><server><args>
#
# rstatd/1-3
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rpc.rstatd
# rusersd/2-3
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd
rpc.rusersd
# walld/1
dgram
rpc/udp wait
root
/usr/sbin/tcpd rpc.rwal
ld
#
# End of inetd.conf.
leon:/etc>

   
 

  
  
 
 
    




  
   


  

  
  
   FS 



  FS


 
FS DUFKLYRIXHQWH DUFKLYRGHVWLQR

 
    ! !

" #  $% 
  
   
leon:~> cp /etc/passwd ~angel
leon:~>

 
       WRGR    !      
leon:~> cp -r /etc ~angel
cp: /etc/inet: cannot copy cyclic symbolic link
cp: /etc/syslog.conf: Permission denied
cp: /etc/rmt: Permission denied
cp: /etc/psdevtab: Permission denied
leon:~> ls
etc/ passwd prueba/
leon:~>

&   cp -r     

       

' 

   (   $ 
! ! ) *
   

$
     

   (
+  
       
  


  
 

 )
, 
  '   '  ! ! !

"  ! ! !

"
leon:~> mv passwd passwd.orig
leon:~> ls
etc/ passwd.orig prueba/
leon:~>


 VLUYH SDUD FDPELDUOH HO QRPEUH XQ DUFKLYR DVt FRPR SDUD PRYHU XQR R PiV DUFKLYRV GH XQ
GLUHFWRULR D RWUR 9DPRV D PRYHU WRGR HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHOHWF GHQWUR GH aDQJHOSUXHED

leon:~> mv etc/ prueba/

leon:~> cd prueba
leon:~/prueba> ls
etc/
leon:~/prueba>
$KRUD TXH WHUPLQDPRV GH PRYHU ORV DUFKLYRV TXHUHPRV HOLPLQDUORV SDUD GHVRFXSDU HVSDFLR GHQWUR
GH QXHVWUR GLVFR GXUR (OLPLQHPRV SULPHUR D aDQJHOSDVVZGRULJ FRQ



leon:~/prueba> cd
leon:~> ls
foto/
passwd.orig
leon:~> rm passwd.orig
leon:~> ls
foto/
prueba/
leon:~>
5HFXHUGD TXH

prueba/


 VyOR SRGtD HOLPLQDU GLUHFWRULRV YDFLRV" &RQ 
 

 XVWHG SXHGH HOLPLQDU

HO FRQWHQLGR GH XQ GLUHFWRULR LQFOX\HQGR HO GLUHFWRULR (OLPLQHPRV aDQJHOSUXHED

leon:~> rm -rf prueba/

leon:~> ls

 
   
 
    

  
  


         
   ! 
"  
 "   
   
  "  

 # 

 $
     % 


 
$ "  


  
  &

 
'  "      (     
   
  
 & )

   


'

 


([LVWHQ YDULDV IRUPDV GH FUHDU DUFKLYRV

&RSLDQGR R PRYLHQGR DUFKLYRV XVWHG \D VDEH FRPR KDFHU HVR

8VDQGR HO FRPDQGR

/D VDOLGD GH XQ SURJUDPD 3RU HMHPSOR HO FRPDQGR JFF SURGXFH SURJUDPDV

HMHFXWDEOHV KHFKRV HQ &




 7RXFK FUHD DUFKLYRV YDFLRV R DFWXDOL]D OD IHFKD GH ORV

DUFKLYRV H[LVWHQWHV /D VLQWD[LV HV
 



8VDQGR HO FRPDQGR FDW &XDQGR XVWHG TXLHUH FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR \ QR TXLHUH XVDU XQ
HGLWRU SXHGH KDFHU OR VLJXLHQWH

leon:~> cat > prueba

&RPLHQFH D HVFULELU FXDOTXLHU WH[WR

Esta es una prueba del uso de cat como un editor

simple. Espero que sea util.


 

         

 




 
   

leon:~>
foto/
leon:~>
Esta es
simple.
leon:~>

ls
prueba
cat prueba
una prueba del uso de cat como un editor
Espero que sea util.




  


   

 
 
  
          
  

 

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# $ 
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leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
-rw-r--r-1 angel
leon:~>

users
users

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba



   

  !       

  "
#  

 " #   
  "
 " #    $
          
 "  " #

   

 " 

%
       

&    '  ( 


chmod [cadena(s) de acceso archivo(s)]

 
           


               

      

FKPRG

leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
-rw-r--r-1 angel
leon:~>

    

users
users

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba


  
  
   


  


 
 
  
  

 
   

  
leon:~> chmod u=r,og=- prueba
leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
users
-r-------1 angel
users
leon:~>

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba


  
   
    
 


leon:~> chmod g+wr prueba
leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwxr-xr-x 10 angel
users
-r--rw---1 angel
users
leon:~>

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba


  
     
 
   
 

         

leon:~> chmod -R go-xr foto/
leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwx------ 10 angel
users
-r--rw---1 angel
users
leon:~>

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba

!
"  
    
   #
 

"

$ 
  
 %


                 

$  





   &'  



   (
 ) 


   
  
  
 

*   

    


 
 
 


  
 
  
leon:~> chmod 460 prueba
leon:~> ls -l
total 2
drwx------ 10 angel
users

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

-r--rw---leon:~>

1 angel

users

78 Sep 29 09:13 prueba

(O FRQFHSWR GH SURSLHGDG GH XQ DUFKLYR EDMR 81,; HV PiV FRPSOHMR 8Q DUFKLYR SXHGH VHU
SURSLHGDG GH XQ XVXDULR \ GH XQ JUXSR \ DPERV WLSRV GH SURSLHGDG VREUH HO DUFKLYR VRQ
LQGHSHQGLHQWHV 8Q XVXDULR QRUPDO QR SXHGH FDPELDU OD SURSLHGDG GH XQ DUFKLYR EDMR 81,; VyOR
URRW SXHGH KDFHUOR SHUR VL SXHGH FDPELDU HO JUXSR GH XQ DUFKLYR VL HO XVXDULR SHUWHQHFH DO JUXSR
DO FXDO YD D FDPELDU HO DUFKLYR
7RGD HVWD FRPSOHMD HVWUXFWXUD SURSLHGDG GH DUFKLYRV \ SHUPLVRORJtD WLHQH VX PRWLYDFLyQ HQ
SHUPLWLU TXH ODV SURWHFFLRQHV GH DUFKLYRV \ SHUPLVRV VHDQ RUJDQL]DGDV GH DFXHUGR D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV
ORFDOHV
9HDPRV FyPR FDPELDU HO JUXSR D XQ DUFKLYR VXSRQLHQGR TXH HO DGPLQLVWUDGRU QRV KD LQFOXLGR HQ
RWUR JUXSR DGLFLRQDO
9DPRV D FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR \ YHDPRV VX JUXSR HQ HVWH FDVR HV XVHUV
leon:~> touch miarchivo
leon:~> ls -l
total 1
drwx------ 10 angel
-rw-r--r-1 angel
miarchivo

users
users

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

0 Sep 30 07:29

1RVRWURV VDEHPRV TXH SHUWHQHFHPRV D HO JUXSR SUXHED DGHPiV GHO JUXSR XVHUV SRU OR TXH
FDPELDPRV QXHVWUR JUXSR DFWLYR XQ XVXDULR VROR SXHGH WHQHU XQ JUXSR DFWLYR D OD YH]
leon:~> newgrp prueba

8QD YH] FDPELDGR HO JUXSR DFWLYR FDPELDPRV HO JUXSR GHO DUFKLYR \ YHPRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV
> chgrp prueba miarchivo
> exit
leon:~> ls -l
total 1
drwx------ 10 foto
users
-rw-r--r-1 foto
prueba
leon:~>

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

0 Sep 30 07:29 miarchivo

&RPR HO FRPDQGR FKPRG FKJUS VRSRUWD OD RSFLyQ 5 UHFXUVLYD


  
 

/RV DUFKLYRV EDMR 81,; VRQ SURSLHGDG GH XQ XVXDULR FRP~QPHQWH GHO TXH OR FUHy \ GH XQ JUXSR
GH XVXDULRV (O PDQHMR GH HVRV GRV XVXDULRV HV LQGHSHQGLHQWH OR TXH SHUPLWH FRQWURODU \ FRPSDUWLU
UHFXUVRV GH PDQHUD HIHFWLYD
3DUD FDPELDU HO GXHxR GH XQ DUFKLYR VH XWLOL]D HO FRPDQGR
HQ /LQX[ HVWH FRPDQGR VyOR
SXHGH VHU HMHFXWDGR SRU HO URRW VLJXLHQGR OD WUDGLFLyQ GH OD IDPLOLD GH 81,; %6'
FKRZQ

/D VLQWD[LV HV OD VLJXLHQWH
chown [propietario archivo (s)]

3RU HMHPSOR VL XVWHG IXHUD URRW HQ QXHVWUD PDTXLQD ILFWLFLD

OHyQ

SRGUtD KDFHU HVWR

leon:/home/angel# ls -l
total 1
drwx------ 10 angel
users
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
leon:/home/foto# chown jose prueba
leon:/home/foto# ls -l
total 1
drwx------ 10 angel
users
-rw-r--r-1 jose
users
leon:/home/foto#

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

0 Oct 2 22:35 prueba

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

0 Oct 2 22:35 prueba

'H OD PLVPD PDQHUD SRGHPRV FDPELDU HO JUXSR FRQ  $ GLIHUHQFLD GH FKRZQ FKJUS Vt SXHGH
VHU HMHFXWDGR SRU XQ XVXDULR QRUPDO SHUR SDUD TXH WHQJD HIHFWR HO XVXDULR GHEH SHUWHQHFHU DO JUXSR
GHO DUFKLYR TXH LQWHQWD FDPELDU \ GHEH SRGHU FDPELDUVH GH JUXSR DFWLYR HV GHFLU HO XVXDULR GHEH
SHUWHQHFHU D SRU OR PHQRV GRV JUXSRV 3DUD GHPRVWUDU HVWR VXSRQLHQGR TXH DQJHO SHUWHQHFH D ORV
JUXSRV XVHUV \ SUXHED FUHHPRV XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR SUXHED \ YHDPRV D TXp JUXSR SHUWHQHFH



leon:~> touch archivo

leon:~> ls -l
total 1
-rw-r--r-1 angel
drwx------ 10 angel

users
users

0 Oct 2 22:40 archivo

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

&DPELDPRV DKRUD QXHVWUR JUXSR DFWLYR HV GHFLU FDPELDPRV GH





leon:~> newgrp prueba

/XHJR OH FDPELDPRV HO JUXSR DO DUFKLYR

> chgrp prueba archivo

)LQDOPHQWH QRV VDOLPRV \ YHPRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV

> exit
exit
leon:~> ls -lg
total 1
-rw-r--r-1 angel
drwx------ 10 angel
leon:~>

prueba
users

0 Oct 2 22:40 archivo

1024 Sep 27 17:22 foto/

 

   
    



    

 



  

 




   


 
   


 

   
  

 

  
 
 

   

  

   

  

    

 



     
      

(1/$&(6

    
 

 


  

 ! 

8Q HQODFH HV XQ PHFDQLVPR TXH SHUPLWH TXH YDULRV QRPEUHV DUFKLYRV VH UHILHUDQ D XQ VROR DUFKLYR
HQ GLVFR HV GHFLU HV XQ QRPEUH DVRFLDGR D XQ DUFKLYR &XDQGR XVWHG FUHD XQ DUFKLYR HO VLVWHPD
KDFH HO SULPHU HQODFH SRU XVWHG

+D\ GRV WLSRV GH HQODFHV

(QODFHV GXURV $VRFLDQ XQR R PiV QRPEUHV D XQD PLVPD ORFDOLGDG ItVLFD LQRGR
(QODFHV VLPEyOLFRV (V XQ DUFKLYR TXH DSXQWD D RWUD UXWD HQ HO VLVWHPD GH DUFKLYRV
/RV HQODFHV VLPEyOLFRV SXHGHQ DSXQWDU D RWURV GLVSRVLWLYRV ItVLFRV GHELGR D TXH
DSXQWDQ DXQ QRPEUH GH DUFKLYR QR D XQD ORFDOLGDG ItVLFD GH GLVFR LQRGR
9HDPRV HVWR FRQ HO VLJXLHQWH HMHPSOR

leon:~> cat > prueba.txt

Esta es una prueba de lo que puede pasar
al enlazar un archivo utilizando ln -s y ln -h
(^D)
leon:~> ls -s
total 2
1 foto/
1 prueba.txt
leon:~>

$KRUD YDPRV D KDFHU XQ HQODFH VLPEyOLFR \ XQ HQODFH GXUR KDFLD SUXHEDW[W

3ULPHUR KDJDPRV HO HQODFH GXUR
leon:~> ln prueba.txt duro

< OXHJR HO HQODFH VXDYH

leon:~> ln -s prueba.txt suave

9HDPRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV

leon:~> ls -l
total 3
-rw-r--r-2 angel
duro
drwx------ 10 angel
foto/
-rw-r--r-2 angel
prueba.txt
lrwxrwxrwx
1 angel
suave -> prueba.txt
leon:~>

users
users

89 Oct

3 11:38

1024 Sep 27 17:22

users

89 Oct

3 11:38

users

10 Oct

3 21:46

&RPR SXHGH YHU HQ HO HMHPSOR HV XQ HQODFH VLPEyOLFR VX SHUPLVRORJtD

FRPLHQ]D FRQ OD OHWUD O PLHQWUDV TXH HO HQODFH OODPDGR VH YH FRPR XQ DUFKLYR
QRWH FRPR HO Q~PHUR GH HQODFHV HV LJXDO D 
3RGHPRV KDFHU XQD SUXHED DGLFLRQDO SDUD YHU FyPR ORV HQODFHV GXURV FRPSDUWHQ ORV
PLVPRV LQRGRV PLHQWUDV TXH ORV HQODFHV VXDYHV QR
8:,;0

/:74

leon:~> ls -i
10718 duro
8524 foto/
prueba.txt
10719 suave@
leon:~>

&RPR SXHGH YHU GXUR \ SUXHEDW[W FRPSDUWHQ HO LQRGR 

10718

6L ERUUDPRV D SUXHEDW[W HO HQODFH OODPDGR GXUR WRGDYtD IXQFLRQDUi FRPSDUWHQ HO

PLVPR LQRGR SHUR HO HQODFH OODPDGR VXDYH HVWDUi YDFLR SRUTXH HVWD DSXQWDQGR DO
QRPEUH SUXHEDW[W QR D XQ LQRGR

 
 
 

 

 HV HO HGLWRU GH WH[WR PiV GLIXQGLGR HQ HO DPELHQWH 81,; 9L VLJQLILFD 9LVXDO 'LVSOD\ (GLWRU
HGLWRU YLVXDO GH SDQWDOOD 'HELGR D TXH YL QR HVWi EDVDGR HQ YHQWDQDV SXHGH VHU XWLOL]DGR HQ
FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH WHUPLQDO

8VWHG SXHGH HGLWDU H LQWURGXFLU WH[WR FRQ YL SHUR pVWH QR HV XQ SURFHVDGRU GH SDODEUDV XVWHG OH GD
IRUPDWR DO WH[WR FRQ YL XWLOL]DQGR FyGLJRV TXH HQWRQFHV VRQ LQWHUSUHWDGRV SRU RWUR SURJUDPD
FRPR
R


 

9L WLHQH  PRGRV GH WUDEDMR

0RGR GH FRPDQGRV
0RGR GH ~OWLPD OtQHD R PRGR GH GRV SXQWRV
0RGR GH HQWUDGD
9DPRV D HGLWDU XQ DUFKLYR TXH \D HVWD FUHDGR \ FRQ pVWR HMHUFLWDUHPRV XQ SRFR &RSLHPRV HO
DUFKLYR TXH PXHVWUD HO PHQVDMH GHO GLD HWFPRWG D QXHVWUR GLUHFWRULR KRJDU

leon:~> cp /etc/motd ~angel

$KRUD YDPRV D DEULUOR FRQ YL

leon:~> vi motd
/R TXH YHUHPRV SRU SDQWDOOD VHUi DOJR SDUHFLGR D HVWR

Linux 2.0.27.

     

(Q HVWH PRPHQWR HVWDPRV HQ HO

 9DPRV D DJUHJDU WH[WR GHEDMR GH OD SULPHUD OtQHD
HVFULELHQGR R \ OXHJR HO WH[WR OD R QR VH YH SRU SDQWDOOD SRUTXH XVWHG KD SDVDGR
 8VWHG SXHGH HVFULELU QRUPDOPHQWH SXOVDQGR HQWHU SDUD FRQWLQXDU D OD VLJXLHQWH OtQHD



   

8QD YH] FRQFOXLGD OD HGLFLyQ SUHVLRQH HVFDSH (6& SDUD YROYHU DO PRGR GH FRPDQGRV

Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar en
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!
$KRUD HV WLHPSR GH JXDUGDU QXHVWUR WUDEDMR (VFULED Z ZULWH

Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar en
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!
~

:w

 


    
     
Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar en
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!
~
~
~
Wrote "motd" 6 lines, 211 characters

  
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Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar en
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!
~
:set number

 



1
2
3
en
4
5
6

&

Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!


 
 "
 !    $  

 Q~PHUR GH OtQHD '
" "

 (   )*   ! +
1
2
3
en
4
5
6
~
:6

Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
Kawuabunga!!!!
<ENTER>

,  
   L #
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1
2
3
en
4
5

Linux 2.0.27.
Bienvenidos a mi maquina. Este mensaje aparecera cada vez
que un usuario entre a ella, una vez que lo vuelva a colocar
/etc/motd. Un superusuario (root) podria ayudarme con eso.
6

Esto es Kawuabunga!!!!

 
   

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/super <ENTER>

  


    





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/^cadena
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3DUD HQFRQWUDU HO FRPLHQ]R GH XQD SDODEUD HVFULED ? DO FRPLHQ]R GH OD FDGHQD SDUD HQFRQWUDU HO
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/.aquina

  
           
     

    
      
   
      

 

     

     

 
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 !    
     
  
:g/cadena-de-busqueda/s//cadena a reemplazar/g

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sort muy-grande > ordenado &

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sort muy-grande1 > ordenado1 &
sort muy-grande2 > ordenado2 &
sort muy-grande3 > ordenado3 &

 



  

$&              ' (      
   )     "      '
  #
leon:~> ps
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6828 p0 R

TIME COMMAND
0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps

leon:~>

(O FRPDQGR SV PH HVWi GLFLHQGR TXH HO FRPDQGR WFVK OD FRQFKD WLHQH HO LGHQWLILFDGRU GH SURFHVR
 HVWi FRUULHQGR HQ HO WHUPLQDO S HVWi GHWHQLGR $OHHSLQJ \ OOHYD XQ PLQXWR HMHFXWiQGRVH
(O FRPDQGR SV WLHQH PXFKDV RSFLRQHV 8QD GH ODV PiV FRPXQHV HV DYHULJXDU WRGRV ORV SURFHVRV
TXH VH HVWiQ HMHFXWDQGR HQ OD PDTXLQD FRQ LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO XVXDULR TXH ORV FRUUH HVWR LQFOX\H D
WRGRV ORV XVXDULRV
leon:~> ps -aux
USER
PID %CPU %MEM
COMMAND
angel
6366 0.0 9.8
angel
6954 0.0 5.1
aux
angel
6955 0.0 3.8
bin
52 0.0 4.3
/usr/sbin/rpc.portmap
root
1 0.0 4.3
[3]
root
2 0.0 0.0
(kflushd)
root
3 0.0 0.0
(kswapd)
root
4 0.0 0.0
(nfsiod)
root
5 0.0 0.0
(nfsiod)
root
6 0.0 0.0

SIZE

RSS TTY STAT START

TIME

1132
824

692
364

p0 S
p0 R

07:29
14:36

0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps -

792
796

268
304

p0 S
? S

14:36
Sep 30

0:00 more
0:15

780

304

Sep 30

0:07 init

SW

Sep 30

0:00

SW< Sep 30

0:00

SW

Sep 30

0:00

SW

Sep 30

0:00

SW

Sep 30

3RGHPRV YHU TXH VH HVWiQ HMHFXWDQGR SURFHVRV GHO XVXDULR DQJHO \ GHO XVXDULR URRW

       

3DUD PDWDU GHWHQHU SURFHVRV HQ UHVHUYD XWLOL]DPRV OD RUGHQ kill

# proceso

9HDPRV VX XVR FRQ HO VLJXLHQWH HMHPSOR

leon:~> ftp localhost &
[1] 6957
leon:~> Connected to localhost.
220 leon FTP server (Version wu-2.4(1) Tue Dec 5 20:51:15 CST
1995) ready.
Name (localhost:angel):
[1] + Suspended (tty input)
ftp localhost

&RUUHPRV HO SURJUDPD IWS HQ VHJXQGR SODQR 9HDPRV DKRUD FXDO VX Q~PHUR GH SURFHVR
leon:~> ps -x
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6957 p0 T
6960 p0 R

TIME
0:02
0:00
0:01

COMMAND
-tcsh
ftp localhost
ps -x



    

 
   

leon:~> kill 6957
[1]

Terminated

ftp localhost


  
  

leon:~> ps -x
PID TTY STAT
6366 p0 S
6961 p0 R

TIME COMMAND
0:02 -tcsh
0:01 ps -x

   

   

      

 




      
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3DUD HMHFXWDU XQ SURJUDPD R VFULSW HQ XQD IHFKD \ KRUD HVSHFLILFRV SXHGH XWLOL]DU HO SURJUDPD ,9 FRQ
OD VLJXLHQWH VLQWD[LV
at [hora] [dia] [archivo de comandos]

$UFKLYR FRQWLHQH XQD VHULH GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV TXH XVWHG GHVHD HMHFXWDU 6XSRQJDPRV TXH XVWHG GHVHD
HVFULELU XQ PHQVDMH SRU SDQWDOOD \ OR DOPDFHQR HQ XQ DUFKLYR HGLWDGR FRQ YL SRU HMHPSOR
leon:~> vi mensaje
echo "Este es un mensaje sin utilidad por pantalla"

$KRUD KDJDPRV XQD SUXHED SDUD YHU FRPR IXQFLRQD HO FRPDQGR

leon:~> date
Sun Oct 5 20:22:54 GMT-4 1997
leon:~> at 2024 -f mensaje
Job 1 will be executed using /bin/sh

&RQ DWT SRGHPRV YHU HO WUDEDMR GHQWUR GH OD FROD GH HMHFXFLyQ \ OR SRGHPRV UHPRYHU FRQ DWUP
leon:~> atq
Date
20:35:00 10/05/97

Owner
angel

Queue
c

Job#
4

3DVDGR XQ UDWR QRV OOHJD XQ FRUUHR PRVWUDQGR OD VDOLGD SRU SDQWDOOD GHO FRPDQGR
New mail for angel@leon has arrived:
---From: Angel Negro <angel@leon.felinos.ve>
Subject: Output from your job c0000400decbc3
Este es un mensaje sin utilidad por pantalla

---
                

                     
     

leon:~> date
Sun Oct 5 20:37:13 GMT-4 1997
leon:~> at 21:00 -f mensaje
Job 2 will be executed using /bin/sh
leon:~> atq
Date
Owner
Queue
21:00:00 10/05/97
angel
c

Job#
5

            !

leon:~> atrm 5
leon:~> atq
leon:~>
"            
#         !
 $ %   $   &
 '()* %   +!)* ,
 ('-  ./ ,    0  12  
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leon:~> ps -aux
angel
8033
angel
8039
aux
angel
8040
angel
leon:~>

| grep angel
3.5 9.4 1124
0.0 5.1
824

664
364

p0 S
p0 R

05:58
05:58

0:01 -tcsh
0:01 ps -

0.0

304

p0 S

05:58

0:00 grep

4.3

868


 


 
 
 

 
 

  
  


       

 
          




 

     ! " #
   !     



 
leon:~> ps -aux | grep angel | grep -v "grep"|grep -v "ps"
angel
8033 0.4 9.5 1124
672 p0 S
05:58
0:01 -tcsh
leon:~>

(Q HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU XWLOL]DPRV XQ VHJXQGR JUHS SDUD VXSULPLU OD VDOLGD GH JUHS FRPR XQ SURFHVR
HQ QXHVWUR OLVWDGR \ XQ WHUFHU JUHS HQ OD WXEHUtD SDUD VXSULPLU OD VDOLGD GH SV
2WUD IRUPD GH FRPELQDU FRPDQGRV VHFXHQFLDOHV HV KDFHUOR XWLOL]DQGR SDUpQWHVLV FRQ R VLQ SXQWRV \
FRPDV /D IRUPD FyPR VH DJUXSDQ ORV FRPDQGRV HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH
leon:~> date ; ls /etc| wc -l
Mon Oct 6 06:10:34 GMT-4 1997
82
leon:~>

(O FRPDQGR DQWHULRU PH PXHVWUD OD IHFKD SRU SDQWDOOD \ OXHJR PH FXHQWD FXDQWRV DUFKLYRV H[LVWHQ
HQ HO GLUHFWRULR HWF PLHQWUDV TXH
leon:~> (date ; ls /etc) | wc -l
83
leon:~>

0H FXHQWD D OD IHFKD SURGXFLGD SRU GDWH FRPR XQD OtQHD PiV DSDUWH GHO OLVWDGR SURGXFLGR SRU OV
SURGXFLUiQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV OtQHDV UHVXOWDGRV GLVWLQWRV"
leon:~> ( echo "En el directorio raiz hay" ; ls / | wc -l ; echo
"archivos y ocupan el siguiente espacio:" ; df )
leon:~> echo "En el directorio raiz hay" ; (ls / | wc -l) ; echo
"archivos y ocupan el siguiente espacio:" ; df

  
 
 

3RU RPLVLyQ PXFKRV FRPDQGRV TXH SURGXFHQ VDOLGD OD HVFULEHQ DO WHUPLQDO 6L XVWHG XWLOL]D HO
FDUiFWHU ! OD FRQFKD OH SHUPLWH HQYLDU OD VDOLGD D XQ DUFKLYR
leon:~> ls /etc|wc -l >~/listado-archivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
82
leon:~>

&RPR SRGHPRV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GH HVH OLVWDGR IXH HQYLDGR D XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR OLVWDGRDUFKLYRV
HWF HQ YH] GH VHU PRVWUDGR SRU SDQWDOOD (O FDUiFWHU ! VREUHHVFULEH FXDOTXLHU DUFKLYR TXH KD\D VLGR
FUHDGR SUHYLDPHQWH PLHQWUDV TXH HO FDUiFWHU !! DJUHJD DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
leon:~> cat /etc/passwd|wc -l > ~/listado-archivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20

&RPR SXHGH YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR IXH VREUHHVFULWR DKRUD QR HV  VLQR  9DPRV D
DJUHJDU XQ FRPHQWDULR DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
leon:~> echo "Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora" >> ~/listadoarchivos-etc
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20
Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora
leon:~>

$Vt FRPR SRGHPRV FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR FRQ OD UHGLUHFFLyQ SRGHPRV OHHU WDPELpQ GHVGH XQ DUFKLYR
FRQ HO FDUiFWHU  6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV YHU FXDQWDV OtQHDV WLHQH HO DUFKLYR TXH DFDEDPRV GH
FUHDU
leon:~> wc -l <~/listado-archivos-etc
2
leon:~>

)LQDOPHQWH SRGHPRV XWLOL]DU OD UHGLUHFFLyQ HQ DPERV VHQWLGRV VLQ QLQJ~Q SUREOHPD 9DPRV D
FRQYHUWLU GH PLQXVFXODV D PD\XVFXODV HO WH[WR GHO DUFKLYR TXH DFDEDPRV GH FUHDU
leon:~> cat ~/listado-archivos-etc
20
Hay 20 lineas en mi archivo ahora
leon:~> tr a-z A-z < ~/listado-archivos-etc >mayusculas
leon:~> cat mayusculas
20
HAY 20 LINEAS EN MI ARCHIVO AHORA
leon:~>



 
 

&XDQGR XVWHG HVFULEH OD SULPHUD SDUWH GH XQ QRPEUH OD FRQFKD D YHFHV SXHGH VDEHU HO UHVWR GHO
QRPEUH GH PDQHUD TXH XVWHG QR WHQJD TXH HVFULELUOR (VWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD VH OODPD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH
FRPDQGRV 3DUD XWLOL]DUOD XVWHG HVFULEH OD SULPHUD SDUWH GHO QRPEUH GH XQ DUFKLYR SUHVLRQD XQD
WHFOD HVSHFLDO \ OD FRQFKD KDFH HO UHVWR
3DUD DFWLYDU OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH FRPDQGRV HQ WFVK SDUD DYHULJXDU VL HVD HV VX FRQFKD HVFULED HFKR
6+(// HVFULED HO SUHILMR GHO QRPEUH \ SUHVLRQH OD WHFOD 7$% WDEXODFLyQ
(Q HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU FRQVWUXLPRV XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR aPD\XVFXODV 6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV
YHU VX FRQWHQLGR RWUD YH]
leon:~> cat may <TAB>
leon:~> cat mayusculas <ENTER>
20
HAY 20 LINEAS EN MI ARCHIVO AHORA
leon:~>

(Q FVK OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH FRPDQGRV VH XVD GH PDQHUD XQ SRFR GLIHUHQWH 8VWHG SUHVLRQD (6& HQ
YH] GH 7$% \ DGHPiV GHEH FRORFDU HO VLJXLHQWH FRPDQGR HQ VX DUFKLYR GH FRQILJXUDFLyQ aFVKUF
set filec

6L XQ SUHILMR HV DPELJXR VH HQFXHQWUD PiV GH XQ QRPEUH GH DUFKLYR OD FRQFKD HPLWLUi XQ VRQLGR

&XDQGR HVWR RFXUUD XVWHG SXHGH YHU XQ OLVWDGR GH ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV TXH HQFRQWUy OD FRQFKD FRQ
&WUO'
)LQDOPHQWH XVWHG SXHGH D\XGDU D OD FRQFKD H[FOX\HQGR FLHUWRV VXILMRV GH OD FRPSOHWDFLyQ GH
FRPDQGRV DJUHJDQGR OD VLJXLHQWH OtQHD D VX aFVKUF
Set fignore = (.o *.bak)

  
  

  
  

 
 
 



 
 
  
   

862 '( 3$7521(6

/RV SDWURQHV GH DUFKLYRV XVDQGR  " R >@ VRQ ~WLOHV SDUD HVSHFLILFDU JUXSRV GH DUFKLYRV
UHODFLRQDGRV SHUR VyOR VL HVWRV \D H[LVWHQ 6L XVWHG HVWi WUDWDQGR GH HVSHFLILFDU QRPEUHV SDUD
QXHYRV DUFKLYRV H[LVWH XQD WpFQLFD TXH OR SXHGH D\XGDU
6XSRQJD TXH XVWHG TXLHUH FUHDU ORV GLUHFWRULRV DQJHO DQJHO DQJHO \ DQJHO SDUD JXDUGDU DOOt IRWRV
GH VXV iQJHOHV IDYRULWRV  8Q SDWURQ FRPR HO VLJXLHQWH IDOODUtD SRUTXH ORV GLUHFWRULRV QR H[LVWHQ
leon:~> mkdir angel[1-4]
mkdir: No match.
leon:~>

3HUR HQ FDPELR VL XVWHG XWLOL]D ^` SDUD FUHDU ORV GLUHFWRULRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV VHUiQ GLIHUHQWHV
leon:~> mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
leon:~> ls
angel1/
angel4/
angel2/
listado-archivos-etc
angel3/
mayusculas
leon:~>

mensaje

5(87,/,=$&,1 5(3(7,&,1 < 6867,78&,1 '( &20$1'26

/D FRQFKD WLHQH XQ PHFDQLVPR SDUD PDQWHQHU XQD KLVWRULD GH ORV FRPDQGRV (VR VLJQLILFD TXH
UHFXHUGD ORV FRPDQGRV TXH XVWHG HMHFXWD \ SHUPLWH TXH ORV YXHOYD D FRUUHU FRQ XQRV SRFRV JROSHV
GH WHFOD 6XSRQJDPRV TXH XVWHG HVWD HMHFXWDQGR ORV VLJXLHQWHV FRPDQGRV TXH WLHQHQ PXFKR HQ
FRP~Q
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>

ls
rmdir angel*
ls
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
ls
ls
cat listado-archivos-etc
cat mayusculas
cat mensaje

3RGHPRV YHU VL HVWiQ HQ QXHVWUD KLVWRULD GH FRPDQGRV FRQ OD VHQWHQFLD KLVWRU\ VH PXHVWUD VyOR XQD
VDOLGD DEUHYLDGD
leon:~> history
32 6:58
cat mayusculas
33 7:11
mkdir angel[1-4]
34 7:12
mkdir angel{1-4}
35 7:12
ls
36 7:13
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
37 7:13
ls
38 7:13
rmdir angel*
39 7:13
ls
40 7:13
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}
41 7:13
ls
42 7:55
ls
43 7:55
cat listado-archivos-etc
44 7:55
cat mayusculas
45 7:55
cat mensaje

46

7:58

history

 
           
   
           set history=20   
 
      
leon:~> rmdir angel*

                 
   ! 

"  #
leon:~> !?3
mkdir angel{1,2,3,4}

$
          
 
leon:~> !r
rmdir angel*

%     #   #  &   

leon:~> !!
rmdir angel *

' 
             
leon:~> !38
rmdir angel *

$
    &     (       !  
 
leon:~> !45:s/cat/rm
rm mensaje

)
#  &   !    #        
       " 
leon:~> ^mensaje^mayusculas
rm mayusculas

%    #  #  !     ! (  


  
  
leon:~> touch !^
touch mayusculas

 
 

 


          

     

   
          
 


  
       
           
    
 
leon:~> foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
foreach? touch $i
foreach? end
leon:~> ls
archivo2
experimento prueba1
leon:~>

        

    !    
      
    " 

   "    
 
             #$  

  
 
 
%     
  
#      
 
   

    
 #            

           
       
 
leon:~>
leon:~>
leon:~>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
leon:~>

alias cls clear

alias h history
h
23:02
ls
23:02
rm listado-archivos-etc
23:02
rm mayusculas
23:02
ls
23:02
clear
23:03
foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
23:03
foreach i ( prueba1 archivo2 experimento )
23:03
ls
23:14
alias cls clear
23:14
alias h history
23:14
h

   
 
 

     
   "$     
     

 
    

&  &
leon:~> ps -aux | grep in.inetd | grep -v grep
root
54 0.0 4.7
780
336 ? S
Sep 30
/usr/sbin/inetd
leon:~>

0:02

        #    

"   
'
     

   
 (( 
      
  !
   "$  
 & '  
leon:~> ps -aux `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
USER
PID %CPU %MEM SIZE
RSS TTY STAT START
COMMAND
root
54 0.0 4.7
780
336 ? S
Sep 30
/usr/sbin/inetd
leon:~>

TIME
0:02

'H HVWD PDQHUD QRV HYLWDPRV XWLOL]DU GRV YHFHV DO SURJUDPD JUHS \ VRODPHQWH XWLOL]DPRV XQD YH] DO
SURJUDPD FDW

 
 
 

8Q WUDEDMR HV FXDOTXLHU FRPDQGR TXH XVWHG KD LQLFLDGR \ D~Q QR VH KD FRPSOHWDGR /D FRQFKD

SURYHH XQD IDFLOLGDG GH FRQWURO TXH GHWHQHU VXVSHQGHU FRPDQGRV GH PDQHUD WHPSRUDO \ ORV
UHVXPD PiV WDUGH R PXHYD ORV FRPDQGRV DWUiV \ DGHODQWH HQWUH HO SULPHU \ VHJXQGR SODQR
(O FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV HV ~WLO HQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV VLWXDFLRQHV

8VWHG SXHGH PRYHU XQ WUDEDMR OHQWR DO VHJXQGR SODQR \ WUDEDMDU HQ RWUD FRVD
PLHQWUDV HO WUDEDMR OHQWR VH HMHFXWD 7DPELpQ HO XVXDULR SXHGH GHWHQHU XQ WUDEDMR
ODUJR R XQ WUDEDMR TXH VH HVWi WDUGDQGR PiV GH ORV HVSHUDGR \ SXHGH FRORFDUOR HQ
VHJXQGR SODQR VLQ QHFHVLGDG GH PDWDUOR
8VWHG SXHGH SRQHU D GRUPLU XQ WUDEDMR UHVXPLpQGROR GHVSXpV SDUD TXH FRQWLQ~H
8VWHG SXHGH PDWDU XQ FRPDQGR VL GHFLGH QR GHMDUOR WHUPLQDU SRU DOJXQD UD]yQ

/D VLJXLHQWH WDEOD PXHVWUD OD OLVWD GH FRPDQGRV EiVLFRV SDUD FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV

 
 


&WUO  ]
&WUO  F
)J
%J
.LOO 
6WRS 
-REV

3DUD XQ WUDEDMR HQ SULPHU SODQR

,QWHUUXPSH XQ WUDEDMR HQ SULPHU SODQR
(QYtD XQ WUDEDMR TXH HVWDED GHWHQLGR R HQ VHJXQGR SODQR D SULPHU SODQR
0XHYH XQ WUDEDMR GHWHQLGR D VHJXQGR SODQR
0DWD XQ WUDEDMR GHWHQLGR R HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
'HWLHQH XQ WUDEDMR HQ VHJXQGR SODQR
0XHVWUD OD OLVWD GH WUDEDMR DFWXDOHV

 

 &RPDQGRV XVDGRV SDUD FRQWURO GH WUDEDMRV

    
                
   
leon:~> sleep 2000 <Ctrl-Z>
Suspended
leon:~>


          
leon:~> bg
[1]
sleep 2000 &
leon:~>


  
        
leon:~> sleep 5000 <Ctrl-Z>
Suspended
leon:~> fg
sleep 5000

        

 
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Running
[2]
Running
leon:~>

sleep 2000
sleep 5000

              

    

leon:~> stop %
[1] + Suspended (signal)
leon:~>

sleep 2000


          
leon:~> kill %2
[2]
Terminated
leon:~>
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Suspended (signal)
leon:~>

sleep 5000
sleep 2000

   

 
    ! "
 
   
leon:~> kill %sleep
[1]
Terminated
leon:~>

sleep 2000

# 
     
          
 $%
  
  
& '        
leon:~> jobs
[1] + Running
[2] - Running
leon:~>

sleep 5000
sleep 5001

 ( 
      


 )  
 
$(    )   
  %  "

   
 *&
leon:~> kill %?01
leon:~>
[2]
Terminated
leon:~>

sleep 5001

&RQ HVWD RUGHQ OH GHFLPRV D OD FRQFKD TXH EXVTXH XQ JUXSR GH FDUDFWHUHV GHQWUR GHO
LGHQWLILFDGRU GHO WUDEDMR

 
  



8QD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD PX\ SRGHURVD GH 81,; HV TXH SHUPLWH WUDEDMDU D GLVWDQFLD FRQ RWUDV
PiTXLQDV 7DQWR WHOQHW FRPR UORJLQ SHUPLWHQ FRQHFWDUVH D FRPSXWDGRUDV UHPRWDV
SHUPLWLHQGR WUDEDMDU HQ HOODV FRPR VL VH HVWXYLHUD VHQWDGR IUHQWH D HOODV LQWURGXFLHQGR
RUGHQHV SRU WHFODGR
(O XVR GH WHOQHW \ UORJLQ GHSHQGH GH OD GLVSRQLELOLGDG GH HVWDV KHUUDPLHQWDV SRU
HMHPSOR EDMR :LQGRZV XVWHG FRQVHJXLUi VRODPHQWH WHOQHW PLHQWUDV TXH EDMR
FXDOTXLHU 81,; HQFRQWUDUi WDQWR WHOQHW FRPR UORJLQ 7HOQHW \ UORJLQ SRVHHQ IXQFLRQHV
VLPLODUHV \ YHUHPRV FyPR XVDU DPEDV KHUUDPLHQWDV
6XSRQJDPRV TXH TXHUHPRV FRQHFWDUQRV D XQD PiTXLQD OODPDGD WLJUHIHOLQRVYH XVDQGR
WHOQHW
leon:~>telnet tigre.felinos.ve
tigre login: angel
Password:
Last login: Wed Oct 8 08:52:42 from leon.felinos.ve
Linux 2.0.27.
tigre:~>

2WUD IRUPD GH LQYRFDU WHOQHW HV HVFULELHQGR WHOQHW (17(5! \ HVFULELU ORV FRPDQGRV
GHVGH DOOt
leon:~> telnet
telnet>

8QD YH] GHQWUR GH WHOQHW SRGHPRV SHGLU D\XGD SDUD YHU VXV FRPDQGRV
telnet> ?

Commands may be abbreviated.

close
logout
display
mode
open
quit
send
set
unset
status
toggle
slc
z
environ
?
telnet>

Commands are:

close current connection

forcibly logout remote user and close the connection
display operating parameters
try to enter line or character mode ('mode ?' for more)
connect to a site
exit telnet
transmit special characters ('send ?' for more)
set operating parameters ('set ?' for more)
unset operating parameters ('unset ?' for more)
print status information
toggle operating parameters ('toggle ?' for more)
change state of special charaters ('slc ?' for more)
suspend telnet
change environment variables ('environ ?' for more)
print help information

< GHVGH DOOt SRGHPRV FRQHFWDUQRV DO VLVWHPD UHPRWR

telnet> open tigre

Trying 192.168.1.2...
Connected to tigre.felinos.ve.
Escape character is '^]'.
Linux 2.0.27 (tigre.felinos.ve) (ttyp0)
tigre login:

 
  


&RQ WHOQHW O XVXDULR PiTXLQD SXHGH HVSHFLILFDU FRQ
TXp FXHQWD TXLHUH WUDEDMDU HQ OD PiTXLQD UHPRWD

(Q FDPELR FRQ UORJLQ QR KDFH IDOWD HVSHFLILFDU HO XVXDULR HO SURJUDPD DVXPH TXH OD
FXHQWD TXH HVWiQ HQ XVR HV OD PLVPD TXH HVWi HQ HO VLVWHPD UHPRWR
leon:~> rlogin tigre
Password:
Last login: Wed Oct 8 08:53:12 from leon.felinos.ve
Linux 2.0.27.
tigre:~>

6LQ HPEDUJR HVR QR VLJQLILFD TXH XVWHG QR SXHGD HVSHFLILFDU HO XVXDULR TXH XVWHG TXLHUH VHU HQ HO
VLVWHPD UHPRWR VXSRQLHQGR TXH XVWHG VDEH HO SDVVZRUG GH HVD FXHQWD
leon:~> rlogin tigre -l mendez
Password:

    

 
([LVWH XQD RSFLyQ TXH SHUPLWH FRQHFWDUVH D RWURV
VLVWHPDV HVWR VH OODPD HTXLYDOHQFLD GH VLVWHPDV
VLQ TXH HVWRV SLGDQ SDVVZRUG HVWD RSFLyQ HV
QHFHVDULD FRQ SURJUDPDV FRPR UVK R UFS 3DUD
KDELOLWDU HVWD RSFLyQ FUHH XQ DUFKLYR OODPDGR
UKRVWV HQ VX GLUHFWRULR KRJDU \ FRORTXH DOOt XQDV
OtQHDV FRPR OD VLJXLHQWHV VXSRQJDPRV TXH HO XVXDULR
TXH KDFH HVWR VH OODPD DQJHO \ WLHQH VX FXHQWD HQ
XQD PDTXLQD OODPDGD OHRQ
OHRQ
WLJUH
SXPD

MRVH DQJHO MRVHY

MRVHY

6LJQLILFD TXH DQJHO MRVHY \ MRVH SXHGHQ FRQHFWDUVH

GHVGH OHRQ TXH MRVHY SXHGH GHVGH WLJUH \ TXH DQJHO
SXHGH GHVGH SXPD  WRGRV VLQ HQWUDU SDVVZRUG
%DMR /LQX[ HVWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD HVWi GHVKDELOLWDGD \ VyOR
IXQFLRQD VL HVWDV PLVPDV OLQHDV VRQ DJUHJDGDV SRU URRW HQ
HWFKRVWVHTXLY
ORFDOKRVW
SDQWHUDIHOLQRVYH
OHRQIHOLQRVYH



 
   

  




 












 

       

 

    
   
           


IWS PDTXLQD

      

  
IWS

   


 



 



RSHQ PDTXLQD

    
        


 
  
    

  

 
  !  


 

  

    
" 
  
  

   # 
$     #  
   
% 



   # 
$

 
   
 


(O PRGR ELQDULR WDPELpQ VLUYH SDUD WUDHU DUFKLYRV GH WH[WR

(O PRGR ELQDULR VH DVHJXUD TXH OD VHFXHQFLD GH ELWV GHO
DUFKLYR IXHQWH VHD OD PLVPD TXH OD GHO DUFKLYR GH GHVWLQR
DXQTXH HVWRV ELWV QR WHQJDQ XQ VLJQLILFDGR ~WLO HQ OD
PDTXLQD GHVWLQR SRU HMHPSOR VHFXHQFLDV GH HVFDSH GH XQ
DUFKLYR GH WH[WR KHFKR EDMR PVGRV GLVWLQWDV D ODV GH
81,;

    
      
leon:~> ftp tigre
Connected to tigre.felinos.ve.
220 tigre FTP server (Version wu-2.4(1) Tue Dec 5 20:51:15 CST
1995) ready.
Name (tigre:angel): angel
331 Password required for angel.
Password:
230 User angel logged in.
ftp>

   



1R HV QHFHVDULR WHQHU XQ ORJLQ \ SDVVZRUG HQ XQD PDTXLQD

UHPRWD SDUD XWLOL]DU IWS 6H SXHGH XWLOL]DU XQ VHUYLGRU IWS
DQRQLPR HO FXDO SHUPLWH GHMDU \ WUDHU DUFKLYRV GH GRPLQLR
S~EOLFR /RV VHUYLGRUHV DQyQLPRV SLGHQ FRPR ORJLQ
DQRQ\PRXV R IWS \ FRPR SDVVZRUG OD GLUHFFLyQ GH FRUUHR
HOHFWURQLFD GH TXLHQ XVD HO VHUYLFLR MRVH#LQJXODYH SRU
HMHPSOR 

8QD YH] GHQWUR GHO GLUHFWRULR UHPRWR SRGHPRV H[DPLQDU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO GLUHFWRULR FRQ HO
FRPDQGR GLU R FRQ HO FRPDQGR OV
ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
total 339
drwxr-xr-x
2 angel
users
1024 Oct 8 21:18
drwxr-xr-x 10 root
root
1024 Oct 8 08:52
-rw------1 angel
users
328 Oct 8 21:14
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
34 Nov 24 1993
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
114 Nov 24 1993
-rw-r--r-1 angel
users
17 Oct 8 09:53
-rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
328520 Oct 8 21:17
-rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
8945 Oct 8 21:18
226 Transfer complete.
ftp>

.
..
.history
.less
.lessrc
.rhosts
alltags.html
angel.jpg

9HPRV TXH WHQHPRV XQ DUFKLYR SRVLEOHPHQWH HVFULWR HQ KWPO DOOWDJVKWPO \ XQD IRWR
OODPDGD DQJHOMSJ 6XSRQJD TXH HQ HVWD VHVLyQ ILFWLFLD XVWHG TXLHUH WUDHUVH DPERV
DUFKLYRV
ftp> get alltags.html
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for alltags.html
(328520 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
331704 bytes received in 1.62 secs (2e+02 Kbytes/sec)

)WS HVWi SRU RPLVLyQ HQ PRGR DVFLL SRU OR TXH SRGHPRV WUDHUQRV HO DUFKLYR KHFKR HQ
KWPO VLQ QLQJ~Q SUREOHPD /R WUDHPRV XVDQGR HO FRPDQGR JHW
3DUD WUDHU OD IRWR SULPHUR HVSHFLILFDPRV TXH VH WUDWD GH XQ DUFKLYR ELQDULR GHVSXpV OR
WUDHPRV
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> get angel.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel.jpg
(8945 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes received in 0.293 secs (30 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>

1R VHUtD PiV FyPRGR WUDHUQRV ORV GRV DUFKLYRV GH XQD VROD YH] FRQ XQ VROR FRPDQGR" /D
VHQWHQFLD PJHW VH HQFDUJD GH HVWR \ SURPSW RII QRV GD OD FRPRGLGDG GH TXH IWS QR QRV HVWp
SUHJXQWDQGR VL TXHUHPRV WUDHUQRV XQ DUFKLYR SRU FDGD DUFKLYR HQ HO GLUHFWRULR
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> prompt
Interactive mode off.
ftp> mget *
local: alltags.html remote: alltags.html
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for alltags.html (328520
bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
328520 bytes received in 0.717 secs (4.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)

local: angel.jpg remote: angel.jpg

200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel.jpg (8945
bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes received in 0.184 secs (48 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>

  
                 
 
    
       
       
 !        
"  #$          
    % &  '  &       
(           !  )         
 (  (  
 * )  (  (  
      )   
)+
)    " ! (    )      
, )-&- )+
).
ftp> lcd ~angel/fotos
Local directory now /home/angel/fotos
ftp> bin
200 Type set to I.
ftp> put angel2.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for angel2.jpg.
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes sent in 0.0116 secs (7.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>

/      (      ( 0.

1 %        , ) , )-&
+ %      &   
2          
3 0           25:9     &&  '
  ( 0.
ftp> hash
Hash mark printing on (1024 bytes/hash mark).

%                ) &   
 &  .
ftp> mput *
local: ./angel2.jpg remote: ./angel2.jpg
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for ./angel2.jpg.
########
226 Transfer complete.
8945 bytes sent in 0.0108 secs (8.1e+02 Kbytes/sec)
ftp>

    4  0      , )-&

8Q ~OWLPR WUXFR FRQ IWS XVWHG SXHGH GDUOH RUGHQHV D OD FRQFKD GHVGH IWS XVDQGR HO FDUiFWHU 
ftp> !
> who
angel
> exit
exit
ftp>

ttyp0

Oct

8 20:48 (pantera.felinos.)

)tMHVH FRPR HMHFXWDPRV HO FRPDQGR ZKR HQ OD PDTXLQD ORFDO \ OXHJR YROYLPRV D IWS SDUD FRQWLQXDU
WUDEDMDQGR HQ OD PiTXLQD UHPRWD

  


  
 
 

 

  
 
 

/RV DUFKLYRV DEXQGDQ HQ XQ VLVWHPD 81,; \ HQ YH] GH HOLPLQDUORV XQD PHMRU RSFLyQ HV
FRPSULPLUORV KDVWD TXH HVWRV YXHOYDQ D VHU QHFHVLWDGRV SDUD TXH RFXSHQ PHQRV HVSDFLR
3DUD FRPSULPLU XQ DUFKLYR FRQ J]LS HVFULED OR VLJXLHQWH
gzip -9 [archivo]

/D RSFLyQ  OH GLFH D J]LS TXH DSOLTXH XQD FRPSUHVLyQ Pi[LPD DO DUFKLYR

8Q DUFKLYR FRPSULPLGR FRQ J]LS WLHQH OD H[WHQVLyQ J] DJUHJDGD DO ILQDO GHO DUFKLYR
  
 
   
 

/D XWLOLGDG WDU KD VLGR XWLOL]DGD EDMR 81,; SRU YDULRV DxRV /D XWLOLGDG WDU IXH GLVHxDGD SDUD FUHDU
XQ VROR DUFKLYR D SDUWLU GH YDULRV DUFKLYRV VLPLODU D SN]LS VyOR TXH WDU QR FRPSULPH ORV DUFKLYRV
/D VLQWD[LV JHQHUDO GH WDU HV
tar [opciones] [archivo]

7DU WLHQH PXFKDV RSFLRQHV QXPHURVDV \ DOJXQDV GH HOODV KDVWD FRQIXVDV

8Q HMHPSOR VLPSOH SDUD FUHDU XQ DUFKLYR HV HO VLJXLHQWH
tar cvf respaldo1.tar /home/angel

7DU PH FUHD HO DUFKLYR UHVSDOGRWDU FRQ WRGR HO FRQWHQLGR GHO GLUHFWRULR KRPHDQJHO /D RSFLRQ F
FUHDWH PH FUHD XQ DUFKLYR GHVGH FHUR \ VL HO DUFKLYR H[LVWH OR VREUHHVFULEH OD RSFLyQ Y YHUERVH
PH PXHVWUD SRU SDQWDOOD WRGRV ORV PHQVDMHV D PHGLGD TXH VH HPSDTXHWD HO DUFKLYR \ OD RSFLyQ I
ILOH PH GLFH FXDO HV HO QRPEUH GHO DUFKLYR GH VDOLGD WDU QR OH DJUHJD OD H[WHQVLyQ WDU D VXV
DUFKLYRV DXQTXH VH KDFH SRU FRQYHQFLyQ SDUD VDEHU TXH IXHURQ HPSDTXHWDGRV FRQ WDU
3DUD GHVHPSDTXHWDU XQ DUFKLYR KHFKR FRQ WDU HVFULELPRV
tar xvf [archivo.tar]

7DU VH HQFDUJD GH YROYHU D FUHDU ORV VXEGLUHFWRULRV \ GLUHFWRULRV HQ GRQGH HVWDEDQ DOPDFHQDGRV FDGD
XQR GH ORV DUFKLYRV OR TXH OR KDFH PX\ ~WLO SDUD KDFHU UHVSDOGRV

6L XVWHG OR TXH TXLHUH HV YHU HO FRQWHQLGR GHO DUFKLYR WDU DQWHV GH GHVFRPSULPLUOR HVFULED

tar tvf [archivo.tar]

  
   
   

862 '( *5(3 3$5$ %86&$5 3$7521(6

(O FRPDQGR JUHS EXVFD HQ VX HQWUDGD OLQHDV TXH FRQWLHQHQ XQ SDWUyQ GDGR /D PD\RUtD GH ORV
XVXDULRV XWLOL]DQ JUHS SDUD EXVFDU FDGHQDV GH FDUDFWHUHV GHQWUR GH DUFKLYRV
3RU HMHPSOR VXSRQJDPRV TXH HVWDPRV LQWHUHVDGRV HQ VDEHU FXiQWDV YHFHV DSDUHFH OD SDODEUD IWS
GHQWUR GHO DUFKLYR HWFVHUYLFHV

leon:~> grep -c ftp /etc/services

3
leon:~>
2WUR XVR PX\ FRP~Q GH JUHS HV HQFRQWUDU LQIRUPDFLyQ VRODPHQWH GH FLHUWRV SURFHVRV GH XQ
XVXDULR 9HDPRV FyPR SRGHPRV VDEHU TXp SURFHVRV HVWi HMHFXWDQGR HO XVXDULR DQJHO
leon:~> ps -aux
angel
13264
angel
13297
angel
13299
angel
13300
leon:~>

| grep angel
0.3 10.0 1132
2.8 6.2
844
0.0 5.1
824
0.0 4.3
868

704
436
364
304

p0
p0
p0
p0

S
T
R
S

09:17
09:24
09:24
09:24

0:01
0:00
0:01
0:00

-tcsh
ftp tigre
ps -aux
grep angel

(VFULED VRODPHQWH SV DX[ \ SUXHEH TXp RFXUUH

2WUR VLWLR ~WLO SDUD XVDU JUHS HV FRQ HO FRPDQGR PDQ N (Q HO HMHPSOR XWLOL]DGR SDUD PRVWUDU D\XGD
VREUH HO FDPELR GH QRPEUH GH DUFKLYRV SXGLPRV KDEHU XWLOL]DGR

leon:~> man -k rename|grep files

mv (1)
- rename files
mv (1)
- rename files
leon:~>

862 '( ),1' 3$5$ %86&$5 $5&+,926

)LQG HV XQR GH HVRV FRPDQGRV TXH OH KDFHQ SHQVDU FRPR SXGR KDEHU HVWDGR WUDEDMDQGR FRQ 81,;
VLQ KDEHUOR XWLOL]DGR XQD YH] DSUHQGLGR FODUR HVWD   
)LQG ORFDOL]D DUFKLYRV TXH FXPSOHQ FRQ FLHUWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRPXQHV ODV FXDOHV XVWHG HVSHFLILFD
HQ FXDOTXLHU SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD HQ OD FXDO XVWHG OH GLFH TXH EXVTXH )LQG WLHQH OD VLJXLHQWH VLQWD[LV

find directorios-de-busqueda-de-inicio criterios-de-busqueda-yacciones

(O XVR PiV VHQFLOOR GH ILQG HV HQFRQWUDU DUFKLYRV \ PRVWUDUQRV VX XELFDFLyQ 3RU HMHPSOR
TXHUHPRV VDEHU HQ GRQGH HVWiQ WRGRV QXHVWURV DUFKLYRV MSJ HQ HO GLUHFWRULR aDQJHO

leon:~> find ~angel -name "*.jpg" -print

/home/angel/angel.jpg
/home/angel/fotos/angel2.jpg
leon:~>

&RPR SXHGH YHU ILQG KDFH XQD E~VTXHGD UHFXUVLYD SRU WRGR HO iUERO GH GLUHFWRULR
6XSRQJDPRV TXH KDFH WUHV GLDV QRVRWURV FRSLDPRV FLHUWRV DUFKLYRV \ TXHUHPRV VDEHU FXiOHV VRQ
HVWH HV XQ HMHPSOR GH XQD EXVTXHGD UHILQDGD
leon:~> find ~angel -name "*" -atime -2 -print
/home/angel
/home/angel/X_COURSE.TGZ
/home/angel/alltags.html
/home/angel/angel.jpg
/home/angel/fotos
/home/angel/fotos/angel2.jpg
leon:~>

(O SDUiPHWUR DWLPH  VLJQLILFD DUFKLYRV FX\R WLHPSR GH DFFHVR VHD PHQRU D GRV GtDV
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leon:~> find ~angel -size +100 -exec ls -ls {} \;
139 -rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
140580 Oct 8 20:59
/home/angel/X_COURSE.TGZ
324 -rw-rw-r-1 angel
users
328520 Oct 8 21:06
/home/angel/alltags.html
leon:~>

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leon:~> find ~angel -size +100 -print -exec rm {} \;
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