FAT

WATER
CARBOHYDRATE

FOOD VITAMINS,
MINERALS, &
CLASSES ROUGHAGE

PROTEIN
 THEME :
MANAGEMENT AND
CONTINUITY OF LIFE

LEARNING AREA :
NUTRITION
Learning Objectives : Understanding the
digestive
system of man
Learning outcome: A student is able to:

explain what digestion is

identify the parts of the digestive system
describe the flow of food particles in the
alimentary canal
state the functions of the organs in the
digestive system
describe the process of digestion in the
alimentary canal
list the end products of digestion of
carbohydrate, protein and fats
 MOUTH

OESOPHAGUS
LIVER SHORTMO

GALLBLADDER
STOMACH

PANCREAS SMALL INTESTINE

LARGE INTESTINE END PRODU

The food in the mouth are cut up
and grind into small pieces by the
teeth. These food pieces would
provide a bigger surface area for
the enzyme. Food is mixed with
saliva.

Digestive action :
Starch → maltose (sugar)
Peristalsis which is caused by the
muscles in the oesophagus push
the food into the stomach
The movement is supported by the
slippery mucus
 1. The liver produces bile which is an alkaline and kept
in the gall bladder
- Bile will digest fat to tiny particles

-This process is called emulsification

2. Pancreas produces pancreatic juice which is an

alkaline and it has 3 enzymes that can digest :

- Maltose → glucose
- Peptone → amino acid
- Fat → fatty acid & glycerol
Stomach has gastric juice which consists
of some enzymes and hydrochloric acid.
The functions of hydrochloric acid are:
- It provides an acidic medium for the
enzymes e.g. renin and pepsin to digest
protein in food.
- It also kills microorganisms such as bacteria
which enters the stomach.
The half digested food will be sent to
duodenum for the next process.
Parts of the Digestive Enzymes Digestive action Further information
digestive juice
system
Duodenum Bile Fat → tiny The result of this
(alkaline) Pancreatic particles process is the
produced amylase (A process increased of the
by the liver Protease which breaks surface area of fat
and kept in Lipase down the fat particles. This would
the gall into tiny help the enzyme to
bladder particles by the react on the food
Pancraetic bile which is more easily
juice called The bile and the
(alkaline) emulsification) pancreatic juices
Maltose → (alkaline) neutralises
glucose the acid from the
Peptone → stomach
amino acid
Fat → fatty acid MORE
& glycerol
Parts of Digestive Enzymes Digestive action Further
the juice information
digestive
system
Small Intestinal Erepsin Peptone → amino Digested food is
intestine juices from Several acid absorbed by tiny
(6 metres wall of the other Complex sugar → villi which are
long) small enzymes simple sugar found in the small
intestine to digest Maltose → glucose intestinal wall
(alkaline) the Sukrase → glucose + into the blood
complex fructose stream
sugar Lactase → glucose
Parts of Digestive Enzymes Digestive Further
the juice action information
digestive
system
Large None None None Absorption of
intestine water and waste is
left.
 LET US HAVE A
LOOK AT AN
INTERACTIVE VIEW
OF WHAT HAPPEN IN
OUR DIGESTIVE
TRACT ! ! !
 THE END PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION OF
CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN AND FAT

CARBOHYDRATE → SIMPLE SUGAR → GLUCOSE,

( MALTOSE) FRUCTOSE,
GALACTOSE

PROTEIN → PEPTONE → AMINO ACID

FAT → TINY FATTY PARTICLES → FATTY ACID &

GLYCEROL
 TASK SHEET
Procedure: 1 Observe a human digestive model/chart.
Observe the various parts which make up the
human digestive system.
2 Know the various parts of the human digestive
and label the diagram provided: teeth, tongue,
mouth, salivary gland, oesophagus, stomach,
duodenum, small intestine, large , intestine, liver,
pancreas, gal/ bladder, bile duct, anus
Discuss the functions of the various parts of the digestive system.

Working Method:________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Observation: State the sequence of the organs which are passed by the food.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Questions:
1 What is digestion?

__________________________________________________
2 What is the advantage of the muscular bag shaped stomach?
__________________________________________________
3 What is the purpose of having a long small intestine?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4 How does food move along the alimentary canal?
__________________________________________________
5 How is the digested food absorb?
__________________________________________________
Conclusion: The digestive system consists of several ____________ which
helps to _____________ food to simpler particles.
 WHAT IS DIGESTION? PARTS OF DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

THE FLOW OF THE

FOOD FUNCTIONS
PARTICLES OF THE
IN THE SUMMARY ORGANS IN
ALIMENTARY THE
CANAL DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

THE PROCESS THE END

OF DIGESTION PRODUCTS OF
IN THE DIGESTION OF
ALIMENTARY CARBOHYDRATE,
CANAL PROTEIN AND FATS
 PROJECT
Title: Model of the human digestive system
Aim: To enhance the students’ knowledge about the
digestive system of man.
To prepare items for the Science week .
Learning outcome: Pupils will be more knowledgeable about
the digestive system
of a human being.

Materials: Plasticine, plywood, manila card, colour papers,

magic ink pens
supplied by the Science department.
Time Allocation: 1 week after finishing the topic concern.
Workgroup: 4/5 pupils
Suggested Procedures:

Refer to any Science text book or the internet and look up for a
diagram showing a human being’s digestive system.

Study the diagram carefully and make a model of the digestive

system.

Your model must be as accurate proportionally to the actual organs

of the digestive system.

You can add colour or whatever else that you can think of in order
to enhance your model.

Your model must be properly labelled.

The functions of the various organs must also be available.

• Extra marks will be given for tidiness.

THE
END