BE (CIS) Batch 2011-12 CS-211

E_05

Exercise 05
(Proofs)
1. Give a direct proof that, for all integers k and m, if k and m are both even, then k + m is even. 2. Give a proof by contraposition that, for all integers k and m, if the product km is odd, then k and m are both odd. 3. Prove by contraposition that if n + 1 separate passwords are issued to n students, then some student gets > 2 passwords. 4. By contradiction, prove that if a number added to itself gives itself, then the number is 0. 5. By contradiction, prove that the product of two odd integers is not even. 6. Give a direct proof of the theorem: the sum of an integer and its square is even. 7. Give a direct proof of the theorem: the square of an even number is divisible by 4. 8. Give a direct proof of the theorem: if two integers are each divisible by some integer n, then their sum is divisible by n. 9. Provide counterexamples to the following statements. a) Every geometric figure with four right angles is a square. b) If a real number is not positive, then it must be negative. c) The number n is an odd integer if and only if 3n + 5 is an even integer. d) Any natural number that is divisible by both 4 and 6 is also divisible by 24. e) If n is a natural number, then n4 + 4 is a multiple of 5. 10. Give a trivial proof of the theorem: for every integer n, the number 3(n2 + 2n + 3) - 2n2 is a perfect square. (Definition: A perfect square is an integer n such that n = k2 for some integer k.) 11. Prove/Disprove the theorem: every natural number can be expressed in the form x2 + y2, where x and y are nonnegative integers. 12. Given that x is a rational number, prove by contradiction that 13. By contraposition prove that if x y and a 0 then 14. Prove that the sum of two rational numbers is rational. 15. Show by contraposition that if p2 is a multiple of 3, then p is a multiple of 3. ****** + x is irrational.