Japanese Verb Conjugations (endings) I.

Masen
try masen, which is the negative form of masu. Look at these yodan examples: Watashi wa kasa o kaimasen. (I'm not going to buy an umbrella.) Kare wa machimasen. (He won't wait.) Kimiko wa Osaka ni ikimasen. (Kimiko isn't going to Osaka.) Watashi wa ima tabemasen. (I'm not going to eat now.) Kanojo wa kasa o karimasen. (She isn't going to borrow an umbrella.)

II.

Mashita
Mashita is used to change verbs to their past polite form. Let's make some examples:
John wa Sendai ni ikimashita. (John went to Sendai.) Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobimashita. (The children played at the park.) Yoshi wa ringo o tabemashita. (Yoshi ate an apple.) Shizu wa manga o kaimashita. (Shizu bought a comic book.) Bob wa sono eiga o mimashita. (Bob saw that movie.)

III.

masen deshita
we learned that masen is used to show polite negative. To make that past tense we just add deshita. To illustrate this we will take a few of the examples shown in Lesson 5 and change them from positive past to negative past: John wa Sendai ni ikimasen deshita. (John didn't go to Sendai.) Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobimasen deshita. (The children didn't play at the park.) Yoshi wa ringo o tabemasen deshita. (Yoshi didn't eat an apple.) Yuka wa manga o kaimasen deshita. (Yuka didn't buy a comic book.) Kayo wa terebi o mimasen deshita. (Kayo didn't watch TV.)

IV.

Mashou
Sometimes it is written masho with a line above the o, but either way this one is easy to remember. It simply means "let's (do something)." For example:

Ikimashou. (Let's go.) Tabemashou. (Let's eat.) Yasumimashou. (Let's take a break.)

As in English, this is also used to mean "I'll do (something) for you / Let me do (something) for you," as in: Watashi ga hakobimashou. (I'll carry this / these [for you].)1 (to a pet) Esa o agemashou. (Let's get you some food.) Anata no jitensha o naoshimashou. (I'll fix your bicycle. / I'll help you fix your bicycle.)