* clock.cpp * C++ Program to display an analog clock using Turbo C++ graphics * Written by : Vikram R.

Bhat * This program displays a simple analog clock to show the * current system time. Uses a Hand class to create objects - hour, * minte and seconds hands.The 'hands' are just straight lines, and two circles * make the 'frame' of the clock. Compiles correctly on TurboC++ v3.0 * */ #include <iostream.h> #include <graphics.h> #include <time.h> #include <math.h> #include <dos.h> // for kbhit() #include <stdlib.h> // for exit() // Set the path where your graphics files are located here #define BGI_PATH "c:\\tc3" const const sec const const const const // Constants double PI = 3.14159265; double DEGS_PER_SEC = 6.0; // Angle by which seconds hand moves in a double double double double DEGS_PER_MIN = 6.0; DEGS_PER_HOUR = 30.0; SEC_PER_MIN = 60.0; MIN_PER_HOUR = 60.0; // Maximum x and y coordinates for current graph mode // Init graphics system // Show clock frame

int maxx, maxy;

void Initialize( void ); void ShowFrame( void );

// Convert degrees ro radians inline double ToRadians( double theta ) { return (theta*PI)/180.0; } // A hand class class HAND { int length, color; double angle, prev_angle; // Holds prev position, needed to erase hand public: HAND( int len, int clr ) { length = len; color = clr; prev_angle = angle = 0;} // Constructor void SetAngle( double theta ) { angle = theta; } void Copy(){ prev_angle = angle ;} int Change(){ return ( angle != prev_angle ); } void Display( int x, int y ); void Erase( int x, int y ); };

// Display hand with origin x,y void HAND::Display( int x, int y ) { int x1, y1; x1 = x + length*sin( angle ); y1 = y - length*cos( angle ); // y increases from top to bottom setcolor( color ); setfillstyle( EMPTY_FILL, color ); line( x,y,x1,y1 ); } // Erase previously drawn hand void HAND::Erase( int x, int y ) { int x1, y1; x1 = x + length*sin( prev_angle ); y1 = y - length*cos( prev_angle ); bottom setcolor( BLACK ); line( x,y,x1,y1 ); } int main() { struct tm* ptr_curtime; time_t curtime; // Backgnd color

// y increases from top to

// Pointer to current time // Holds cuurent time

HAND hour( 55, RED ), minute( 85, GREEN ), second( 70, BLUE ); int h_angle, m_angle, s_angle; int center_x, center_y; // Clock center Initialize(); ShowFrame(); center_x = (maxx+1)/2; center_y = (maxy+1)/2; while( !kbhit()) { hour.Copy(); // Store previous values minute.Copy(); second.Copy(); // Get current time curtime = time(&curtime); ptr_curtime = localtime(&curtime); // Calculate the angles of hands h_angle = ( ptr_curtime->tm_hour%12 * DEGS_PER_HOUR ) + ( ptr_curtime->tm_min * ( DEGS_PER_HOUR / MIN_PER_HOUR )); // Ignore change in seconds

m_angle = ( ptr_curtime->tm_min * DEGS_PER_MIN ) + ( ptr_curtime->tm_sec * ( DEGS_PER_MIN / SEC_PER_MIN )) ; // Minute hand's position also changes with secs s_angle = ptr_curtime->tm_sec * DEGS_PER_SEC; hour.SetAngle( ToRadians(h_angle)); minute.SetAngle( ToRadians( m_angle)); second.SetAngle( ToRadians( s_angle)); // Display all hands if seconds position has changed if( second.Change()) { second.Erase( center_x, center_y ); second.Display( center_x, center_y ); minute.Erase( center_x, center_y ); minute.Display( center_x, center_y ); hour.Erase( center_x, center_y ); hour.Display( center_x, center_y ); } } // End of while( !kbhit()) closegraph(); restorecrtmode(); return 0; } // End of main // Initialize graphics system void Initialize( void ) { int GraphDriver = DETECT, GraphMode; int ErrorCode; initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, BGI_PATH ); ErrorCode = graphresult(); if( ErrorCode != grOk ) { cout<<"\nGraphics system error: "<<grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ); exit( 1 ); } maxx = getmaxx(); maxy = getmaxy(); } // Shows the clock frame void ShowFrame( void ) { setcolor( WHITE ); int x1,y1; circle( (maxx+1)/2, ( maxy+1)/2, 100 ); circle( (maxx+1)/2, ( maxy+1)/2, 105 ); for( int angle = 0; angle < 360; angle+=30 )

{ x1 = (maxx+1)/2 + 90*cos(ToRadians(angle)); y1 = (maxy+1)/2 - 90*sin(ToRadians(angle)); putpixel( x1, y1, CYAN ); } }