ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atomic Structure
Nucleus
Protons Neutrons

Electrons

How are P, N, e- related?

# protons = atomic number
# electrons = # protons in a neutral atom

# protons + # neutrons = atomic mass

What is a chemical symbol?

Chemical symbol tells us what atom it is Always a CAPITAL LETTER, sometimes followed by a lower case letter Ex: Oxygen O Nitrogen N Sodium Na *Cobalt Co *Carbon Monoxide CO (Co is an element, CO is a compound)

ALLOTROPES
Same element component but different structure C- diamond, graphite,, Different structural modifications of an element

Allotropes
Allotropes of C

Isotopes
The number of protons for a given atom never changes. The number of neutrons can change. Two atoms with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes Isotopes have the same atomic # Isotopes have different atomic Mass #s

ISOTOPES
Same atomic no. but different atomic mass Example Hydrogen

Isotopes

ISOBARS
Same atomic masses but different atomic no.

ISOTONE
Same number of neutrons

ISOMER
Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Which are isotopes, isobars, isotones, mirror nuclei?

Isotopes - 14O8, 16O8 Isobars - 14C6,14N7, 14O8 Isotones - 12B5, 14N7 Isomers - 14O8, 16O8

Ions
An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an ion If the atom loses electrons, the atom becomes positively charged (because the number of positively charged protons will be more the number of electrons) If the atom gains electrons, the atom becomes negatively charged (because there are more negative charges than positive)

Ions
This atom has lost an electron. Now it has one more proton than electron. One more proton means one more positive charge. This makes the total charge of the atom POSITIVE. This atom has gained an electron. Now it has one less proton than electron. One less proton means one less positive charge. This makes the total charge of the atom NEGATIVE.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. first shell a maximum of 2 electrons second shell a maximum of 8 electrons

third shell
fourth shell fifth shell sixth shell seventh shell

a maximum of 18 electrons
a maximum of 32 electrons a maximum of 32 electrons a maximum of 18 electrons a maximum of 8 electrons