WHOQOL-BRE

!"ne #$$%
U&S& 'ersion

University of Washington Seattle, Washington United States of America

Emblem...Soul Catcher: a Northwest Coast Indian symbol of physical and mental well-being. Artist: Mar in !li er

WHOQOL-BREF About You &efore you begin we would li/e to as/ you to answer a few general 0uestions about yourself by circling the correct answer or by filling in the space pro ided. +. "hat is your gender Male (emale

.. "hat is your date of birth1 3ay

2 Month

2 4ear

5. "hat is the highest education you recei ed1

None at all Elementary School #igh School College

6. "hat is your marital status1

Single Married %i ing as Married

Separated 3i orced "idowed

7. Are you currently ill1 8. If something is wrong with your health) what do you thin/ it is1

4es

No

illness2problem

"#!$!%-&'E() $uestionnaire) *une +,,-

(nstr"ctions 9his 0uestionnaire as/s how you feel about your 0uality of life) health) or other areas of your life. :lease answer all the 0uestions. If you are unsure about which response to gi e to a 0uestion) please choose the one that appears most appropriate. 9his can often be your first response. :lease /eep in mind your standards) hopes) pleasures and concerns. "e as/ that you thin/ about your life in the last two wee/s. (or e;ample) thin/ing about the last two wee/s) a 0uestion might as/:
For office use Not at all (Please circle the number) A little Moderately Mostly Completely

3o you get the /ind of support from others that you need1

4ou should circle the number that best fits how much support you got from others o er the last two wee/s. So you would circle the number 6 if you got a great deal of support from others. <
For office use Not at all (Please circle the number) A little Moderately Mostly Completely

3o you get the /ind of support from others that you need1

4ou would circle number + if you did not get any of the support that you needed from others in the last two wee/s. <
For office use Not at all (Please circle the number) A little Moderately Mostly Completely

3o you get the /ind of support from others that you need1

:lease read each 0uestion) assess your feelings) and circle the number on the scale that gi es the best answer for you for each 0uestion.
For office use >+ 2 >+.+ Very poor (Please circle the number) Poor Neither poor Good nor good Very Good

+.

#ow would you rate your 0uality of life1

For office use >6 2 >..5 ..

Very dissatisfied

(Please circle the number) Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied satisfied nor dissatisfied

Very satisfied

#ow satisfied are you with your health1

9he following 0uestions as/ about how much you ha e e;perienced certain things in the last two wee/s.
For office use (+.6 2 (+...7 Not at all (Please circle the number) A little A moderate Very much amount An extreme amount

5.

9o what e;tent do you feel that physical pain pre ents you from doing what you need to do1 #ow much do you need any medical treatment to function in your daily life1 #ow much do you en=oy life1

(++.5 2 (+5.+.6

6.

(6.+ 2 (8.+..

7.

For office use (.6.. 2 (.,.+.5

Not at all

(Please circle the number) A little A moderate Very much amount

An extreme amount

8.

9o what e;tent do you feel your life to be meaningful1

For office use (7.. 2 (-.+.8

Not at all

(Please circle the number) Slightly A Moderate Very much amount

Extremely

-.

#ow well are you able to concentrate1 #ow safe do you feel in your daily life1 #ow healthy is your physical en ironment1

(+8.+ 2 (.?.+..

@.

(...+ 2 (.-.+..

,.

9he following 0uestions as/ about how completely you e;perience or were able to do certain things in the last two wee/s.
For office use (..+ 2 (..+.+ Not at all (Please circle the number) A little Moderately Mostly Completely

+?. 3o you ha e enough energy for e eryday life1 ++. Are you able to accept your bodily appearance1 +.. #a e you enough money to meet your needs1

(-.+ 2 (,.+..

(+@.+ 2 (.5.+.+

For office use (.?.+ 2 (.7.+.+

Not at all

(Please circle the number) A little Moderately Mostly

Completely

+5. #ow a ailable to you is the information that you need in your day-to-day life1 +6. 9o what e;tent do you ha e the opportunity for leisure acti ities1

(.+.+ 2 (.8.+..

For office use (,.+ 2 (++.+.+

Very poor

(Please circle the number) Poor Neither poor nor well

ell

Very well

+7. #ow well are you able to get around1

9he following 0uestions as/ you to say how good or satisfied you ha e felt about arious aspects of your life o er the last two wee/s.
For office use (5.5 2 (6.... Very dissatisfied (Please circle the number) Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied satisfied nor dissatisfied Very satisfied

+8. #ow satisfied are you with your sleep1 +-. #ow satisfied are you with your ability to perform your daily li ing acti ities1 +@. #ow satisfied are you with your capacity for wor/1

(+?.5 2 (+....5

(+..6 2 (+8...+

For office use (8.6 2 (@....

Very dissatisfied

(Please circle the number) Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied satisfied nor dissatisfied

Very satisfied

+,. #ow satisfied are you with your abilities1 .?. #ow satisfied are you with your personal relationships1 .+. #ow satisfied are you with your se; life1

(+5.5 2 (+-...5

(+7.5 2 (5...+

(+6.6 2 (+@...7

... #ow satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends1 .5. #ow satisfied are you with the conditions of your li ing place1 .6. #ow satisfied are you with your access to health ser ices1 .7. #ow satisfied are you with your mode of transportation1

(+-.5 2 (.+....

(+,.5 2 (.6...+

(..5.5 2 (.@....

9he follow 0uestion refers to how often you ha e felt or e;perienced certain things in the last two wee/s.
For office use (@.+ 2 (+?.+.. Ne!er (Please circle the number) "uite Very Seldom often often Always

.8. #ow often do you ha e negati e feelings) such as blue mood) despair) an;iety) depression1

3id someone help you to fill out this form1 (Please circle Yes or No)

4es

No

#ow long did it ta/e to fill out this form1

THANK YO !O" YO " H#$%

"#!$!%-&'E() $uestionnaire) *une +,,-

WHOQOL-BREF Scoring
9he "#!$!%-&ref) still in field trials) is a subset of .8 items ta/en from the "#!$!%-+??. 9he same steps for the scoring "#!$!%-+?? should be followed to achie e scores for the &ref. Although scoring the &ref is identical to scoring the "#!$!%-+??) there are some differences that need to be addressed: A A A 9he "#!$!%-&ref does not ha e facet scores Mean substitutions are recommended for 3omain + Physical Health and 3omain 6 Environment if no more than one item is coded missing !nly three items need to be re ersed before scoring

9he "#!$!%-&ref B(ield 9rial CersionD produces a profile with four domain scores and two indi idually scored items about an indi idualEs o erall perception of 0uality of life and health. 9he four domain scores are scaled in a positi e direction with higher scores indicating a higher 0uality of life. 9hree items of the &ref must be re ersed before scoring. 9hey can be seen in 9able ,) indicated by the F- Bre erseDG denotation in the Direction of scaling column. TABLE 9. Scoring Domains of t ! WHOQOL-BREF
Domains and #uestions $%&'()E* +!erall "uality of ,ife and General -ealth G1.1/B1 How would you rate your quality of life? G2.3/B2 How satisfied are you with your health? Domain . Physical -ealth 1.2.5/B3 !o what e"te#t do you feel that $hysi%al $ai# $re&e#ts you fro' doi#( what you #eed to do? 13.1.)/B) How 'u%h do you #eed a#y 'edi%al treat'e#t to fu#%tio# i# your daily life? 2.1.1/B10 *o you ha&e e#ou(h e#er(y for e&eryday life? 11.1.1/B15 How well are you a+le to (et arou#d? ).1.1/B1, How satisfied are you with your slee$ 12.2.3/B1How satisfied are you with your a+ility to $erfor' your daily li&i#( a%ti&ities? 1,.2.1/B1. How satisfied are you with your %a$a%ity for wor/? Domain $ ,.1.2/B5 21.1.3/B, -.1.,/B1.1.2/B11 ..2.1/B11 10.1.2/B2, Domain % 1-.1.3/B20 3.2.1/B21 1..2.5/B22 Psychological How 'u%h do you e#0oy life? !o what e"te#t do you feel your life to +e 'ea#i#(ful? How well are you a+le to %o#%e#trate? 2re you a+le to a%%e$t your +odily a$$eara#%e? How satisfied are you with yourself? How ofte# do you ha&e #e(ati&e feeli#(s su%h as +lue 'ood3 des$air3 a#"iety3 de$ressio#? Social relationships How satisfied are you with your $erso#al relatio#shi$s? How satisfied are you with your se" life? How satisfied are with the su$$ort you (et fro' your frie#ds? Direction of scaling )aw domain score ....(2-10) + + ....(--35) -(re&erse) -(re&erse) + + + + + ....(,-30) + + + + + - (re&erse) ....(3-15) + + + ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) )aw item score

WHOQOL )an"al-Body&doc, "*dated #+,#-,-++., /0#/ 1) 2.

Domains and #uestions $%&'()E* Domain / 20.1.2/B. 2-.1.2/B1 23.1.1/B12 25.1.1/B13 2,.1.2/B1) 21.2.2/B23 2).2.1/B2) 2..2.2/B25 En!ironment How safe do you feel i# your daily life? How healthy is your $hysi%al e#&iro#'e#t? Ha&e you e#ou(h 'o#ey to 'eet your #eeds? How a&aila+le to you is the i#for'atio# that you #eed i# your daily-to-day life? !o what e"te#t do you ha&e the o$$ortu#ity for leisure a%ti&ities? How satisfied are you with the %o#ditio# of your li&i#( $la%e? How satisfied are you with your a%%ess to health ser&i%es? How satisfied are you with your tra#s$ort?

Direction of scaling

)aw domain score ....(.-)0)

)aw item score

+ + + + + + + +

....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5) ....(1-5)

If no more than one item from the Physical Health or Environment domains has been coded as missing) we recommend that a domain score be calculated by substituting a personspecific a erage across the completed items in the same scale. (or e;ample) if a respondent does not ha e a alue for item &+8 How satisfied are you with your sleep? in the :hysical #ealth domain) but has answered all of the other items in that domain) then the alue for item &+8 would be the a erage of the remaining 8 items. If two or more items are coded missing in these two domains) the domain score should not be calculated) li/ewise if any items are coded missing in the Psychological and Social Relationships domains) a domain score for that respondent would not be calculated. After item recoding and handling of missing data) a raw score is computed by a simple algebraic sum of each item in each of the four domains. !nce complete) chec/ the fre0uencies of each domain to be sure that the scores are within the correct range indicated in 9able , Raw domain score column. 9he ne;t step is to transform each raw scale score using the formula on page 5+. 9he possible raw score ranges for each domain are as follows: Physical HealthH.@) PsychologicalH.6) Social RelationshipsH+.) and EnvironmentH5.. SCORING EXERCISE AND TEST DATASET FOR THE WHOQOL-BREF INSTRUMENT 9he purpose of this scoring e;ercise is to help "#!$!%-&ref users to e aluate results from each step in the process of calculating the 3omain summary scores of the instrument. 9his e;ercise was created for S:SS users) but with minor modifications) can be adapted for other computer programs or can be useful for those scoring the sur ey manually. A test dataset and S:SS code for scoring the "#!$!%-&ref a computer dis/ette in this pac/et. 9he test dataset) which is called F&'()"#!*T+TG on the dis/ette) contains data from 86 administrations of the "#!$!%-&'E(. 9he data can be seen in Appendix F. 9he enclosed dis/ette also pro ides the user with the S:SS synta; used to: A A import raw data into S:SS format I&'()(,$*-%-J deri e the "#!$!%-&'E( domain summaries I&'()"#!*-%-J

9he S:SS code Bcalled F&'()"#!*-%-GD on the dis/ette begins by labeling all items and chec/ing for out-or-range alues. It then recodes the 5 negati ely stated items so that a
WHOQOL )an"al-Body&doc, "*dated #+,#-,-++., /0#/ 1) 23

higher score indicates better health. 9he 6 domains are then scored) labeled) and transformed to a ? to +?? scale used to interpret and compare to other alidated instrument tools such as the "#!$!%-+??. A copy of the S:SS synta; is reproduced in Appendi; (. 9able +? presents statistics for the transformed domains for the "#!$!%-&ref. After scoring the test dataset) the means) standard de iations) and minimum and ma;imum obser ed alues should agree with those presented in 9able +? TABLE "#. T!st Datas!t D!scri$ti%! Statistics& WHOQOL-BREF

,esc.ipti/e -tatistics
N :hysical B9'ANS(!'ME3D :sychological B9'ANS(!'ME3D Social 'elations B9'ANS(!'ME3D En ironment B9'ANS(!'ME3D Calid N BlistwiseD 86 86 86 86 86 Minimum 5..+6 5-.7? .7.?? .@.+5 Ma;imum ,..@8 ,7.@5 +??.?? +??.?? Mean 88.-,8, -5.7?.8 -5.+--+ -..@?.Std. 3e iation +6.76@? +5.-+87 +-.?@,+ +6.+7,.

WHOQOL )an"al-Body&doc, "*dated #+,#-,-++., /0#/ 1) 2%