DEFINITION

IT IS DEFINED AS A DISEASE USUALLY

EITHER INFECTIOUS OR TOXIC IN
NATURE CAUSED BY AGENTS THAT
ENTER THE BODY THROUGH
INGESTION OF FOOD
FOOD BORNE INFECTION & ITS
DIET THERAPY
BACTERIAL DISEASE

 TYPHOID

 DIARRHOEA


DYSENTRY
 TYPHOID
DEFINITION
IT IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
CHARACTERISED BY DEFINITE LESIONS
IN PAYERS PATCHES,MESENTRIC
GLANDS &SPLEEN ACCOMPANIED BY
FEVER,HEADACHE & ABDOMINAL
PAIN
CAUSITIVE ORGANISM
SALMONELLA TYPHI

MODE OF TRANSMISSION
CONTAIMINATED WATER
RARELY BY CONTACT
IMPROPERLY COOKED STARCHY FOODS &
PASTERY
UNSAFE RAW FRUITS & VEGETABLES
CONTAIMINATION BY HANDS
SOMETIMES BY FLIES
INCUBATION PERIOD
USUALLY ONE TO THREE WEEKS (DEPENDING
UPON THE INFECTIVE DOSE)

SIGN &SYMPTOMS
 FEVER(103 F TO 104 F)
 LOSS OF APPETITE
 WEAKNESS
 HEADACHE
 BRADYCARDIA
 MENTAL DULLNESS & SLIGHT DEAFNESS
 STOMACH PAIN
 SPLEENOMEGALY

DELIRIUM
 NOSE BLEED

TREATMENT
 REST
 KEEPING THE PATIENT WARM

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
 MODIFIED DIET
 IMMUNIZATION

GENERAL CARE & ISOLATION
 DISINFECTION OF ALL THE DISCHARGES
 PROPER STERELIZATION OF ALL THE
ARTICLES
 CHRONIC CARRIERS SHOULD BE
INVESTIGATED

DIETARY MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES-
 TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE NUTRITION
 TO RESTORE POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE
 TO PROVIDE RELIEF FROM SYMPTOMS
 TO CORRECT & MAINTAIN WATER &
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

DIET PATTERN

HIGH CALORIE

HIGH PROTIEN

FULL FLUID DIET

BLAND, LOW FIBRE , SOFT DIET
 SRONGLY FLAVOURED FOOD SHOULD BE
AVOIDED
 WELL COOKED , WELL MASHED SEMISOLID
FOOD CAN BE GIVEN SHOULD BE EASILY
DIGESTIBLE
 DIARRHOEA
FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF THE
LOOSE WATERY & UNFORMED STOOL
WHICH MAY CONTAIN BLOOD OR
MUCOUS

TYPES
 ACUTE

CHRONIC
ACUTE DIARRHOEA
CHRACTERISED BY SUDDEN ONSET &
FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF WATERY & UNFORMED
STOOL

INCUBATION PERIOD
IT LAST FOR ONLY 24-48 HOURS
ETIOLOGY
CONTAIMINATED FOOD & WATER
FOOD SENSITIVITY OR ALLERGY
PROTIEN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
VIT A DEFICIENCY
CHOLERA TYPHOID OR INFECTIOUS
TONSILITIS
 ARSENIC LEAD & MERCURY POISIONING
 TENTION & ANXIETY

SYMPTOMS
 PATIENT MAY PASS SEVERAL STOOL
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 CRAMPS
 WEAKNESS
 FEVER SOMETIMES AND VOMITING
CHRONIC DIARRHOEA
IT PERSIST FOR A LONGER TIME
EVEN SEVERAL WEEKS & MAY PASS
UNFORMED STOOL IN A DAY
ETIOLOGY

DM
 CHRONIC ALCOHLISM

CANCER OF COLON

PROLONGED INTAKE OF LAXATIVE
 LIVER CIRRHOSIS
SYMPTOMS

NURITIONAL DEFICIENCY

DIETARY MANAGEMENT
 DIET SHOULD BE EASILY DIGESTIBLE
 SOFT BLAND DIET

LOW FIBRE & FAT
 WELL COOKED SOFT SEMISOLID FOOD
 DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS
 CONTROL MEASURES
ORS
APPROPRIATE FEEDING
APPROPRIATE DRUGS SHOULD BE
GIVEN
PROPER HEALTH EDUCATION
 DYSENTRY
SEVERE DIARRHOEA CALLED AS
DYSENTRY CHARECTERISED BY-
 FREEQUENT PASSAGE OF SMALL
WATERY STOOL
 OFTEN CONTAINING BLOOD & MUCOUS
 ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERE ABDOMINAL
PAIN
 ULCERATION OF WALLS OF INTESTINE
ETIOLOGY

CAUSED BY ENTAAMOEBA HISTOLICA

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

CONTAIMINATED WATER
 SREAD FROM HAND TO MOUTH
 TRANSFER OF FRESH FEACES BY
COTAIMINATED RAW VEGETABLES, BY
FLIES,BY SOILED HANDS OF FOOD
HANDLERS & BY COTAIMINATED WATER
INCUBATION PERIOD
FROM FEW DAYS TO SEVERAL
MONTH OR YEAR
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
 FREEQUENT PASSING STOOL
CONTAINING BLOOD & MUCOUS
 FEVER WITH CHILLS
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 MILD TO SEVERE DEGREE OF
DEHYDRATION
CONTROL MEASURES
MAINTAIN HYGIENE
SANITARY DISPOSAL OF HUMAN FECES
SAFE WATER SUPPLY
FLY CONTROL MEASURES
ISOLATION
INVESTIGATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
 DIETARY MANAGEMENT
SOFT BLAND DIET EASILY
DIGESTABLE
LOW IN FIBRE & FAT
HIGH CALORIE
HIGH CALCIUM & IRON RICH DIET
WELL COOKED SEMISOLID FOOD
HIGH INTAKE OF FLUID
HIGH PROTIEN
VIRAL HEPATITISIS

IS AN INFLAMMATION OF LIVER

ETIOLOGY
 FECAL CONTAIMINATION OF FOOD & WATER
 POOR HYGIENE & SANITATION
 CONTAIMINATED BLOOD PRODUCTS
 VIRUS
 POORELY STERELISED NEEDLE
CAUSITIVE AGENT
 VIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD
 15-50DAYS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT
 FECAL ORAL ROUTE

CONAIMINATED WATER & FOOD LIKE
MILK SALADS BAKERYY PRODUCTS
 INFECTED BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS

NEEDLE PRIC OF INFECTED PERSON
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
 LOSS OF APPITITE
 FATIGUE
 MALAISE
 GENERALISED ITCHING
 NAUSEA & VOMITING
 LOW GRADE FEVER
 PALE &CLAY COLOURED STOOL
 ABNORMAL TASTE
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 INDIGESTION&TENDERNESS
TYPES
 ACUTE

CHRONIC
PREVENTION &CONTROL
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
 FOOD SHOULD BE EASILY DIGESTIBLE &
SOFT
 IN MILD CASES NORMAL CONSISTENCY
DIET,IN ACUTE LIQUID TO SOFT DIET,IN
SEVERE TUBE FEEDING
 HIGH CALORIE (1500-2000 K CAL)

HIGH PROTIEN & LOW FAT
 CARBOHYDRATE ADEQUATE(300-400gm)
FOODS INCLUDED-

SUGAR
 GLUCOSE
 HONEY
 CEREALS
 PULSES

MILK & MILK PRODUCTS
 EGGS, FRUITS& VEGETABLES
FOODS EXCLUDED

 FRIED & FATTY FOODS


OILS NUTS & OILSEED
 STRONGLY FLAVOURED VEGETABLES
 INTAKE OF ALCOHOL IS RESTRICTED
FOR A YEAR AFTER THE ATTACK
 POLIOMYLITIS
IT IS PRIMARILY AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
OF HUMAN ELIMENTARY TRACT BUT MAY
EFFECT THE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD&NERVES
RESULTING IN PARALYSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTOR

CAUSITIVE AGENT IS POLIOVIRUIS
 SOURCE OF INFECTION IS FAECES &
PHARENGEAL SECREATION
AGE BETWEEN 1TO 2 YEARS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY-7-10 DAYS
BEFORE & AFTER ONSET OF
SYMPTOMS
TRANSMISSION-FAECAL ORAL ROUTE
DROPLET INFECTION
INCUBATION PERIOD- 7-21 DAYS
CLINICAL FEATURES
 90% ASYMPTOMATIC
 FEVER

HEADACHE

DIARRHOEA

VOMITING

DROWSINESS
 PAIN
 WEAKNESS
 STIFFNESS OF NECK & BACK
 PARALYSIS OF EFFECTED LIMB
PREVENTION

DIETARY MANAGEMENT

FULL NORMAL DIET
 HIGH FIBRE, HIGH CALORIE
 LOW FAT

PLENTY OF FLUID
 PROTIEN,MINERAL & VITAMIN SHOULD BE
ADEQUATE
AMOEBIASIS
AGENT FACTOR
CAUSED BY PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF
HISTOLYTICA

RESERVOIR OF INFECTION
MAN
IMMEDIATE SOURCE IS FEASES
CARRIERS

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY
MAY BE SEVERAL YEARS
HOST FACTOR
CAN OCCUR AT ANY AGE
NO SEX OR RACIAL DIFFERENCE

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
RELATED TO POOR SANITATION& SOCIO
ECONOMIC STATUS TO CLIMATE

INCUBATION PERIOD
2 TO 4 WEEKS OR LONGER
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
FEACAL ORAL ROUTE
SEXUAL TRANSMISSION
VECTOR

PREVENTION & CONTROL

DIETERY MANAGEMENT
NORMAL DIET & EASILY DIGESTABLE
SOFT BLAND DIET
 HIGH IN FIBRE & ADEQUATE FAT
PROTIEN & CARBOHYDRATE

ROUND WORM
IT IS AN INTESTINAL
INFESTATION .

CAUSITIVE ORGANISM
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
MODE OF TRANAMISSION

BY INGESTION OF INFECTED EGGS

FROM SOIL CONTAIMINATED WITH
HUMAN FEACES
SALADS 7 OTHER FOOD EATEN RAW
ARE THE COMMON VEHICLES
BY CARRIER
INCUBATION PERIOD
WORMS REACH MATURITY IN ABOUT
2 MONTHS AFTER THE EGGS ARE
INGESTED BY MAN

SIGN & SYMPTOMS

IRREGULAR RESPIRATION
SPASM OF COUGING
FEVER
ABDOMINAL PAIN
VOMITING
 RESTLESSNESS
DISTURBED SLEEP

PREVENTION & CONTROL

DIETERY MANAGEMENT
EASILY DIGESTIBLE , SOFT BLAND DIET
WITH ADEQUATE FIBRE
WELL COOKED SOFT & SEMISOLID FOOD
 PLENTY OF FLUID
LOW FAT HIGH VITAMINS & MINERAL
RICH DIET

LATHYRISM
IT IS A CRIPPING DISEASE
CHARECTERISED BY PARALYSIS OF
THE LEG MUSCLE OCCURING IN
ADULTS CONSUMING LARGE
QUANTITIES OF SEED OF L SATIVUS.
ETIOLOGY
L SATIVUS SEED

SIGN & SYMPTOMS

STAGE FIRST –
WEAKNESS OF THE LOWER LIMBS &
SPASTICITY OF THE LEG MUSCLE
STAGE SECOND-
FLEXION OF THE KNEES ARE
MORE MARKED& INVERSION OF THE FOOT
WITH A TENDENCY TO WALK ON TOES
STAGE THIRD-
SYMPTOMS ARE MORE
MARKED SUBJECT CAN WALK ONLY
WITH THE HELP OF CRUCHES OR
STICK
STAGE FOURTH-
KNEES BECOME COMPLETELY
FLEXED & ERECT 7 WALKING BECOME
IMPOSSIBLE & ATROPHY OF THIGH &
LEFT MUSCLE
 PREVENTION
DIETERY MANAGEMENT
CONSUMPTION OF L .SATIVUS SEED
SHOULD BE AVOIDED

ENDEMIC ASCITIS
PREVENTION
 ERGOT
IT IS A FIELD FUNGUS FOOD GRAINS
LIKE SORGHUM , WHEAT, BAJRA , RYE
HAVE A TENDENCY TO GET INFESTED
BY THIS FUNGUS.

SIGN & SYMPTOMS

NAUSEA
VOMITING
GIDDINESS
 DROWSINESS
PAINFUL CRAMPS IN LIMBS

PREVENTION

DIETERY MANAGEMENT
SYMPTOMATIC DIET SHOULD BE
GIVEN WITH AVOIDENCE OF ERGOT
ALATOXIN

FUSARIUM TOXIN

ASBESTOS

NURSING MANAGEMENT

SUMMARY & CONCLUSSION