INTRODUCTION

Florence Nightingale is credited with founding modern nursing and creating

the first educational system for nurses. After hospitals came into existence in Western Europe,
and prior to the influence of Florence Nightingale, hospital care was given by women such as
prisoners and prostitutes, who were held very low regard by the society. These women
learned to give care by doing it. There was no organized programme to educate nurses.

Florence Nightingale stressed that nursing was not a domestic, charitable

service but a respected occupation requiring advanced education. She opened a School of
Nursing at St. Thomas Hospital, London, in 1860 and established basic principles for the
school.
PATTERN OF NURSING EDUCATION AND TRAINING
PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
Nursing Council Act came to existence in 1948 to constitute a council of
nurses who would safe guard the quality of nursing education in the country. The mandate
was to establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing education. Today, Indian nursing
council is a statutory body that regulates nursing education in the country through
prescription, inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stands for a uniform
syllabus at each level of nursing education. The strive for maintenance of a uniform
standards and pattern of nursing education has curbed creative development and
experiments for expansion of nursing in to newer horizons of nursing education.

There are seven levels of nursing education in India today. They are:

• Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) or Multi Purpose Health Worker-

Female (MPHW-F)

• General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM)

• Basic Bachelor of Nursing (B.Sc. Nursing)

• Post Basic Bachelor of Nursing (P.B.B.Sc. Nursing)

• Masters in Nursing (M.Sc. Nursing)

• Masters of Philosophy in Nursing (M.Phil)

• Doctorate in Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D)

The ANM and GNM courses are conducted in schools of nursing. Rest of the
programmes is university level courses and the respective universities conduct the
examinations. Beside there are several certificated and diploma courses in specialties.
 AUXILIARY NURSING AND MIDWIFERY (ANM) OR
MULTI PURPOSE HEALTH WORKER- FEMALE (MPHW-F)

The ANM training was for 2 years and mainly covered maternal and child care
and family welfare. In keeping with the policies of the Government of India to have
multipurpose health workers, the Indian Nursing Council revised the ANM’s syllabus in 1977
and reduced the duration to 18 months. The focus of training is on community health nursing.

In some states, nursing is offered at the higher secondary school level or after
class ten as part of vocational training. The employment opportunities are that can work as
multipurpose health workers. The minimum qualification for teaching is B.Sc. (N) and
M.Sc. (N) candidates are preferable.

To provide clinical experience in fundamentals of nursing, medical surgical

nursing and maternal and child health nursing, institutions should have with general hospital
with a minimum of 160 beds covering all the general conditions.

Objectives:

General:
At the end of the training programme, the student health worker should
demonstrate ability to plan and carry out job responsibilities assigned to her under the
multipurpose worker scheme.
Specific:
• Perform basic health care activities in community and institutional setting
• Plan and carry out nutrition and health education activities in the home, clinic
and community
• Provide immunization services, family health care and family planning
services.
• Participate in prevention and control of communicable disease, promote
environmental sanitation.
• Promote community development activities.
Duration:
Training duration is 18 months (1 ½ years)

INC Norms for ANM:

Minimum Standard Requirements:

• A school for training of the ANMs should be located in a community health

centre (PHC annex) or a rural Hospital having minimum bed strength of 30
and maximum 50 and serving an area with community health programmes.
The school should also be affiliated to a district hospital or a secondary care
hospital in order to provide experiences of secondary level health care and an
extensive gynae-obstetrical care.

• An organization having a hospital with 150 beds with minimum 30-50

obstetrics and gynecology beds, and 100 delivery cases monthly can also open
ANM School. They should also have an affiliation of PHC/CHC for the
Community Health Nursing field experience.

• Existing ANM schools attached to District hospitals should have PHC annex
(accommodation facility for 20-30 students) for community health field
experience.

Physical Facilities:

Office Room 1
Classroom 2
Nursing Laboratory 1
Nutrition Laboratory 1
Library cum Study 1
Audio Visual Aids room 1

Clinical Facilities:

• School has to be affiliated to district hospital or a secondary care hospital with

minimum 150 beds

• Bed occupancy on the average to be between 60% - 70%

Teaching Facility: (Teaching faculty for 20-40 annual admission)

Category Minimum qualification and experience

M.Sc. Nursing with 3 years of exp or B.Sc. (N) with 5 years
Principal
of teaching experience
B.Sc. Nursing/Diploma in Nursing Education &
Nursing Tutor Administration/Diploma in Public Health Nursing with 2
years clinical experience
 GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY (GNM)
In 1918, Diploma Nursing Programme has been started in Lady School of
Nursing. The International Council of Nurses believes that a basic in nursing should prepare
nurses for first level positions in nursing both in the hospital and community. It gives
importance for restoring and maintaining health, and in preventing disease and also helps to
develop a deep pride in the nursing profession among students to enable further professional
growth.

The general nursing and midwifery course is conducted in 477 centers in the
country. The syllabus has undergone many revisions according to the change in the health
plans and policies of the Government and changing trends and advancements in general
education, nursing health sciences and medical technology. The latest revision of syllabus by
INC in 2004 has increased the duration of the course from three year to three and half year.
The basic entrance has become intermediate or class 12 instead of earlier class 10. Both
science and arts students are eligible. The focus of general nursing education is the care of
sick in the hospital. Schools of nursing are generally attached to teaching hospitals. Three
Board examinations are conducted, one at the end of each year. On passing the candidates
are registered as registered nurse and mid –wife by the respective state nursing councils.

Philosophy:
 The Indian Nursing Council believes that the basic course in nursing is a
formal educational preparation which should be based on sound education principles. The
council recognizes that the program as the foundation on which the practice of nursing is
built and on which depends further professional education. It also recognizes its
responsibility to the society for the continued development of student as individual nurse and
citizens.

Purpose:
The purpose of general nursing programme is to prepare general nurse who
will function as member of the health team beginning with competence for first level
position in both hospital and community. The programme is generated to the health needs of
the society, the community and the individual and will assist nurses in their personal and
professional development so that they may take their maximum contribution to the society as
individual citizens and nurses.

Objectives:
• Demonstrate awareness of and skills required in the nursing process in the
provision of health care and nursing of patients
• Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities biological and behavioral
sciences in carrying out health care and nursing activities and functions.
• Show sensitivity and skill in human relationship and communication in his or
her daily works
• Demonstrate skill in the problem solving methods in nursing.
• Gain knowledge of health resources in the community and the country
• Demonstrate skill in leadership
• Demonstrate awareness of necessity of belonging to professional
organizations.
• Promotion of health, precaution against illness, restoration of health and
rehabilitation.

Eligibility:
• Age for the entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years, provided they meet the
minimum educational requirement i.e. 12 years of schooling.
 • Minimum education all students should pass 12 classes or its equivalent,
preferably with science subjects

• Admission of students shall be once a year.

• Students should be medically fit.

• The selection committee should comprise tutors, nurse administrators, and

educationalist/psychologist. The principal of the school shall be the
chairperson.

Training programme:
The course in general nursing shall be of three and half years duration as
follows- two years practice in general nursing , one year community health nursing and
midwifery and six months internship which includes nursing administration and nursing
research classes. There will be alternate course for male students in lieu of midwifery. The
ANM who wishes to undertake general nursing course will not be given any concessions.
The maximum hours per week per students shall be 36 hours, which includes instructions
and clinical field experiences.

INC Norms for GNM:

Physical Facilities:
Teaching Block
S. No. Teaching Block Area (Sq. ft.)
1 Lecture Hall 4 @ 1080 = 4320
(i) Nursing foundation lab 1500
(ii) CHN 900
(iii) Nutrition 900
(iv) OBG and pediatrics lab 900
(v) Pre-clinical science lab 900
(vi) Computer lab 1500
2 Multipurpose Hall 3000
3 Common room 2000
4 Staff room 1000
5 Principal room 300
6 Vice principal room 200
7 Library 2400
8 A.V aids room 600
9 One room for each Head of Departments 800
10 Faculty room 2400
11 Provisions for toilets 1000
Total 23720 Sq. Ft.
Hostel Block

S. No. Hostel Block Area (Sq. Ft.)

1 Single room 24000
Double room
2 Sanitary One latrine and bathroom(for
5 students)- 500
3 Visitor room 500
4 Reading room 250
5 Store room 500
6 Recreation room 500
7 Dining hall 3000
8 Kitchen & store 1500
Total 30750 Sq. Ft.

Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to the number of students
admitted.

Clinical Facilities

School of Nursing should have a 120-150 bedded parent/affiliated hospitals for 40 annual
intakes in each programme:

• Distribution of beds in different areas

 Medical - 30

 Surgical - 30

 Obst. & Gynaecology - 30

 Pediatrics - 20

 Ortho - 10

• Bed occupancy of the hospital should be minimum 75%

• The size of the hospital/nursing home for affiliation should not be less than 50 beds

• Other specialities/facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:

  Major OT

 Minor OT

 Dental

 Eye/ENT

 Burns and plastic

 Neonatology with nursery

 Communicable disease

 Community Health Nursing

 Cardiology

 Oncology

 Neurology/Neuro-surgery

 Nephrology

 ICU/ICCU

• Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds

• The nursing staffing norms in the affiliated hospital should be as per the INC norms

• Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms

• 1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.

Teaching Facility:

Category Qualification and experience

Principal M.Sc. Nursing with 3 years of teaching experience or B. Sc
Nursing (Basic)/Post Basic with 5 years of teaching experience
Vice-Principal M.Sc. Nursing or B.Sc. Nursing Basic/post basic with 3 years of
teaching experience
Tutor M.Sc. Nursing or B.Sc. Nursing(Basic/Post Basic) or Diploma in
 nursing education and administration with 2 years of professional
experience

BASIC BACHELOR OF NURSING (B.Sc. NURSING)

Graduate nursing education started in India in the year 1946 in CMC, Vellore
and in the RAK College of nursing at Delhi University. At present several universities in
India offer the course.

Eligibility:
A candidate seeking admission should have:
• Pass the 2 year of pre university exam or equivalent as recognized by
concerned university with science subjects i.e. Physics, biology and
chemistry.
• Students of vocational courses
• Obtained at least 45%of total marks in science subjects in the qualifying
exam, if belongs to a scheduled caste or tribe, should have obtained not less
than 40 % of total marks in science subjects.
• Completed 17 years of age at the time of admission or will complete this age
on or before 31st December of the year of admission
• Is medically fit

Objectives:
The programme is designed:
• To provide a balance of professional and general education
• To enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who has self
direction and is a responsible citizen.

Through planned guided experiences students are provided with opportunities to

develop:
• A broad concept of the fundamental principles of nursing care based on
sound knowledge and satisfactory levels of skill in providing care to people of
all ages in community or institutional setting
 • Understanding of the application of principles from the physical biological
and social sciences for assessing the health status
• Ability to investigate health care problems systematically
• Ability to work collaboratively with members of allied disciplines towards
attaining optimum health for all members of the society
• Understanding of fundamental principles of administration and organization
of nursing service
• Understanding of human behaviour and appreciation of effective interpersonal
relationship with individuals families and groups
• Ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning
• Appreciation of professional attitudes necessary for leadership roles in
nursing appreciation of social and ethical obligations to society.

Course of study:
The course of study leading to bachelor of nursing degree comprises 4
academic years.

INC Norms for B.Sc. Nursing

Physical Facilities:
Teaching Block
S. No. Teaching Block Area (Sq. ft.)
1 Lecture Hall 4 @ 1080 = 4320
(vii) Nursing foundation lab 1500
(viii) CHN 900
(ix) Nutrition 900
(x) OBG and pediatrics lab 900
(xi) Pre-clinical science lab 900
(xii) Computer lab 1500
2 Multipurpose Hall 3000
3 Common room 2000
4 Staff room 1000
5 Principal room 300
6 Vice principal room 200
7 Library 2400
8 A.V aids room 600
9 One room for each Head of Departments 800
10 Faculty room 2400
11 Provisions for toilets 1000
Total 23720 Sq. Ft.
Hostel Block

S. No. Hostel Block Area (Sq. Ft.)

1 Single room 24000
Double room
2 Sanitary One latrine and bathroom(for
5 students)- 500
3 Visitor room 500
4 Reading room 250
5 Store room 500
6 Recreation room 500
7 Dining hall 3000
8 Kitchen & store 1500
Total 30750 Sq. Ft.

Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to the number of students
admitted.

Clinical Facilities

School of Nursing should have a 120-150 bedded parent/affiliated hospitals for 40 annual
intakes in each programme:

• Distribution of beds in different areas

 Medical - 30

 Surgical - 30

 Obst. & Gynaecology - 30

 Pediatrics - 20

 Ortho - 10

• Bed occupancy of the hospital should be minimum 75%

• The size of the hospital/nursing home for affiliation should not be less than 50 beds

• Other specialities/facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:

  Major OT

 Minor OT

 Dental

 Eye/ENT

 Burns and plastic

 Neonatology with nursery

 Communicable disease

 Community Health Nursing

 Cardiology

 Oncology

 Neurology/Neuro-surgery

 Nephrology

 ICU/ICCU

• Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds

• The nursing staffing norms in the affiliated hospital should be as per the INC norms

• Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms

• 1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.

Teaching Facilities

Qualification & Experience of teachers of college of nursing

S. No. Post, Qualification & Experience

1 Professor-cum-Principal

• Masters Degree in Nursing

• Total 10 years of experience with minimum of 5 years of teaching

experience
2 Professor-cum- Vice Principal

• Masters Degree in Nursing

• Total 10 years of experience with minimum of 5 years in teaching

3 Reader/Associate Professor

• Masters Degree in Nursing

• Total 7 years of experience with minimum of 3 years in teaching

4 Lecturer

• Masters Degree in Nursing

5 Tutor/Clinical Instructor

• M.Sc.(N) or B.Sc. (N) with 1 year experience or Basic B.Sc. (N) with
post basic diploma in clinical specialty

POST BASIC BACHELOR OF NURSING

(P.B.B.Sc. NURSING)

Philosophy and Aims:

 The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of the health care delivery system and
shire responsibility in collaboration with other allied health professions for the attainment of
optimal health for all members of the society. The faculty conceives education as a
lifelong learning process. It seeks to render appropriate behavioral changes in students in
order to facilitate their development, which assists them to live personally satisfied and
socially useful lives.

The goal of post certificate degree programme leading to Bachelor of Science in nursing is
the preparation of the trained nurse as a generalist who accept responsibility for enhancing
the effectiveness of nursing care

Eligibility:
The candidate seeking admission must:

• Hold a certificate in General nursing.

• Be a registered nurse
• Have minimum of two years of experience
• Have passed pre university exam in the arts /science/commerce or its
equivalent which is recognized the university
• Be medically fit
• Have a good personal and professional record
• Have working knowledge of English

Duration:
The programme of the study is two academic years from the date of
commencement of programme. Terms and vacations shall be as notified by the university
from time to time.

Objectives:
The goal of the post certificate programme leading to the bachelor of nursing
is the preparation of the trained nurses as a generalist who accepts responsibility for
enhancing the effectiveness of nursing care

• Administer high quality nursing care to all people of all ages in homes ,
hospitals and other community agencies in urban and rural areas
 • Apply knowledge from the physical, social and behavioral sciences in
assessing the health status of individuals and make critical judgment in
assessing the health status of the individuals and make critical judgment in
planning ,directing and evaluating primary, acute and long term care given by
themselves and others working with them

• Investigate health care problems systematically

• Work collaboratively with members of other health disciplines

• Teach and counsel individuals , families and other groups about health and
illness

• Understand human behavior and establish effective interpersonal relationships

• Teach in clinical nursing situations

• Identify underlying principles from the social and natural sciences and utilize
them in adapting to , or initiating changes in relation to those factors

• Acquire professional knowledge and attitude in adapting for leadership roles

INC Norms are same as that of Basic B.Sc. Nursing.

SUMMARY
 Florence Nightingale is credited with founding modern nursing and creating the first
educational system for nurses.

 Nursing Council Act came to existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses who
would safe guard the quality of nursing education in the country.
  There are seven levels of nursing education in India today. They are:

• Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) or Multi Purpose Health Worker-

Female (MPHW-F)

• General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM)

• Basic Bachelor of Nursing (B.Sc. Nursing)

• Post Certificate Bachelor of Nursing (P.C.B.Sc. Nursing)

• Masters in Nursing (M.Sc. Nursing)

• Masters of Philosophy in Nursing (M.Phil)

• Doctorate in Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D)

BIBLIOGRAPHY
• B.T. Basavanthappa; NURSING EDUCATION; 2nd Ed; 2004; Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers; Page No: 8-12

• K.P. Neeraja; TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION; 2nd Ed; 2005; Jaypee Brothers
Publications; Page No: 40-78

• B.T. Basavanthappa; NURSING ADMINISTRATION; Jaypee Brothers Publications;

Page No: 450-473

Net Reference:
www.currentnursing.com

www.indiannursingcouncil.org

Seminar
 On

Patterns of
Nursing Education
& Training
Programmes in
India
Submitted to, Submitted by,

Mrs. Thilagavathi M.Sc.(N), Mr. Prasanth Kurien Mathew,

Lecturer, SCON, Salem 1st Year M.Sc.(N), SCON, Salem

Submitted on, 24th September 2009