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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FACULTATEA DE FIZIC
REZUMAT
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE ORGANIC MATTER
FROM THE AQUATIC SYSTEMS BY FLUORESCENT
FINGERPRINTS
4 0 0 .0 0
1000
9 6 3 .0 1
3 7 5 .0 0
a v e le n g t h
W
Intensity (a.u.)
( n m
8 8 9 .0 2
800
8 1 5 .0 4
3 5 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
7 4 1 .0 6
6 6 7 .0 7
600
5 9 3 .0 9
3 0 0 .0 0
5 1 9 .1 1
400
4 4 5 .1 2
2 7 5 .0 0
2 5 0 .0 0
3 7 1 .1 4
2 9 7 .1 6
200
2 2 3 .1 7
1 4 9 .1 9
2 2 5 .0 0
2 0 0 .0 0
0
3 0 0 .0 0
7 5 .2 1
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 2 5 .0 0
W avelength
(nm)
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
1 .2 2
500
W a v e le n g t h ( n m )
DOCTORAND,
Elfrida Mihaela CRSTEA
CONDUCTOR TIINIFIC,
Prof. Dr. Aurel POPESCU
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2010
III.3 EXPERIMENTUL
PE BAZINUL INFERIOR
FOUND
IV.2 CARACTERIZAREA
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IV.3. CARACTERIZAREA
INTRODUCERE
Apa este o substan comun, totui viaa nu poate exista far aceasta,
fiind component major a tuturor fiinelor. Avnd n vedere impactul
semnificativ pe care l are apa asupra sntii, este imperativ studiul calitii
acesteia. n ultimele decenii, s-au dezvoltat tehnici din ce n ce mai avansate, nu
numai pentru caracterizarea calitii apei, ci i a componentei prezente n toate
sistemele acvatice: materia organic dizolvat (engl. DOM) (Coble, 1996;
Baker i alii, 2003). O tehnic nou, spectroscopia de fluorescen, care a fost
aplicat cu succes n biologie, medicin sau chimie, a devenit o abordare
promitoare pentru evaluarea compuilor organici acvatici i a poluanilor
organici, datorit rapiditii si sensibilitii de analiz. Spectroscopia de
fluorescen, sub form de matrice de excitaie emisie (engl. EEM), spectru de
fluorescen sincron (engl. SFS) i fluorescen indus laser (engl. LIF), poate
fi folosit pentru a determina concentraia si compoziia DOM.
Din cadrul amestecului hetorogen al DOM, doar proteinele i substanele
humice sunt studiate, n general, prin fluorescen. Fluorescena proteinelor este
dat de aminoacizii aromatici: fenilalanin, tirozin i triptofan, indicnd
activitatea comunitilor bacteriene din ap (Cammack i alii, 2004; Elliot i
alii, 2006). Fluorescena substanelor humice indic degradarea plantelor i
animalelor prin procese biologice i chimice n mediile terestre i acvatice
(Elkins i Nelson, 2001; Stedmon i Markager, 2003; Patel-Sorrentino i alii,
2002). Datorit dificultilor asociate cu identificarea compuilor fluoresceni
3
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METODOLOGIE
REZULTATE I DISCUII
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W
2 5 0 .0 0
2 2 5 .0 0
2 0 0 .0 0
3 0 0 .0 0
9 6 2 .9 4
7 3 7 .3 3
6 6 2 .2 8
5 8 7 .2 3
5 1 2 .1 8
4 3 7 .1 3
3 6 2 .0 9
8 1 2 .3 8
3 5 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
2 8 7 .0 4
7 4 0 .6 1
5 9 2 .3 9
5 1 8 .2 8
400
350
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
4 4 4 .1 6
2 7 5 .0 0
3 7 0 .0 5
2 9 5 .9 4
200
2 2 1 .8 3
1 4 7 .7 2
2 2 5 .0 0
6 1 .8 9
3 5 0 .0 0
6 6 6 .5 0
3 0 0 .0 0
2 5 0 .0 0
1 3 6 .9 4
3 2 5 .0 0
8 1 4 .7 2
600
2 1 1 .9 9
300
8 8 8 .8 3
800
Intensity (a.u.)
2 7 5 .0 0
1000
3 7 5 .0 0
8 8 7 .4 3
(n m
3 0 0 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
9 6 2 .4 8
a v e le n g t h
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
(n m
3 5 0 .0 0
a v e le n g t h
3 7 5 .0 0
1000
140
800
500
140
800
700
300
120
250
100
500
120
200
200
120
800
600
600
250
400
100
600
200
600
100
400
80
100
500
150
150
200
600
80
300
150
80
80
400
400
300
400
60
400
150
100
60
100
400
60
300
100
200
200
40
100
40
200
50
40
200
200
50
50
200
100
100
50
100
20
20
0
0
0
4 0 0 .0 0
2 0 0 .0 0
500- 1 3 . 1 6
3 0 0 .0 0
7 3 .6 1
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
a) Clean river
)
7 3 4 .4 2
6 5 8 .5 4
5 8 2 .6 6
5 0 6 .7 8
4 3 0 .8 9
3 5 5 .0 1
2 7 5 .0 0
8 1 0 .3 0
2 5 0 .0 0
2 2 5 .0 0
2 0 0 .0 0
200
100
50
100
100
50
200
200
200
50
100
0
0
0
3 0 0 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
3 0 0 .0 0
3 7 5 .0 0
8 8 6 .1 8
(n m
a v e le n g t h
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
(n m
3 5 0 .0 0
9 6 2 .0 6
300
800
200
500
150
300
300
150
600
600
150
400
100
200
200
100
200
200
300
100
400
400
100
400
a v e le n g t h
150
400
600
200
2 7 9 .1 3
3 0 0 .0 0
2 7 5 .0 0
2 5 0 .0 0
2 0 3 .2 5
1 2 7 .3 7
2 2 5 .0 0
5 1 .4 9
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
500- 2 4 . 3 9
2 0 0 .0 0
W
2 5 0 .0 0
2 2 5 .0 0
2 0 0 .0 0
1000
250
400
600
300
400
800
250
500
9 6 2 .5 7
3 7 5 .0 0
8 8 7 .7 2
300
800
500
200
800
250
300
400
200
300
600
400
400
200
600
600
150
200
300
150
200
300
300
150
200
400
400
400
100
400
200
100
200
200
100
100
100
200
200
200
100
100
50
200
50
100
50
7 3 8 .0 1
6 6 3 .1 6
5 8 8 .3 0
5 1 3 .4 5
4 3 8 .6 0
3 6 3 .7 4
2 8 8 .8 9
2 1 4 .0 4
1 3 9 .1 8
3 5 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
8 1 2 .8 7
0
0
3 0 0 .0 0
3 0 0 .0 0
2 7 5 .0 0
2 5 0 .0 0
2 2 5 .0 0
6 4 .3 3
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
W a v e le n g th (n m )
e) Pond
500- 0 . 5 0
8 8 8 .8 9
8 1 4 .8 1
7 4 0 .7 4
6 6 6 .6 7
5 9 2 .5 9
5 1 8 .5 2
4 4 4 .4 4
3 7 0 .3 7
2 9 6 .3 0
2 2 2 .2 2
1 4 8 .1 5
7 4 .0 7
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
5000 . 0 0
d) Canal
4 0 0 .0 0
(n m
2 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
W a v e le n g th (n m )
a v e le n g t h
3 0 0 .0 0
4 7 5 .0 0
50
100
100
20
20
0
3 0 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
a v e le n g t h
)
(n m
3 5 0 .0 0
450
9 6 2 .9 6
c) Urban river
3 7 5 .0 0
4 5 0 .0 0
1000
160
400
400
120
300
200
140
500
800
150
400
250
100
300
120
300
400
150
600
600
100
200
300
80
100
200
300
200
80
100
150
400
400
60
200
60
200
100
200
40
200
100
50
40
W a v e le n g th (n m )
4 0 0 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
b) Rural river
4 0 0 .0 0
3 7 5 .0 0
)
1000
250
200
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
W a v e le n g th (n m )
W a v e le n g th (n m )
4 0 0 .0 0
350
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
500- 1 0 . 5 3
2 0 0 .0 0
1000
800
300
250
300
500
500
200
250
800
300
800
800
200
250
600
600
400
400
200
150
600
200
600
150
300
200
300
400
150
150
100
400
100
200
200
100
100
100
200
200
100
50
200
100
50
50
9 6 2 .6 2
8 8 7 .8 5
8 1 3 .0 8
7 3 8 .3 2
6 6 3 .5 5
5 8 8 .7 8
5 1 4 .0 2
4 3 9 .2 5
3 6 4 .4 8
2 8 9 .7 2
2 1 4 .9 5
1 4 0 .1 8
6 5 .4 2
0
0
3 0 0 .0 0
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 2 5 .0 0
Wavelength
(nm)
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
500- 9 . 3 5
W a v e le n g th (n m )
f) Lake
Contribuii la studiul fluorescenei ca amprent spectral a materiei organice din sistemele acvatice
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4 0 0 .0 0
3 2 5 .0 0
T
T
(n m
3 5 0 .0 0
a v e le n g t h
3 7 5 .0 0
3 0 0 .0 0
2 7 5 .0 0
2 5 0 .0 0
2 2 5 .0 0
1000
300
800
300
500
400
800
300
250
800
300
250
600
400
200
300
600
600
600
200
200
200
300
150
400
200
150
400
400
400
400
400
100
200
100
100
200
100
200
200
200
200
200
50
100
50
2 0 0 .0 0
3 0 0 .0 0
9 6 2 .9 7
8 8 8 .9 1
8 1 4 .8 5
7 4 0 .7 9
6 6 6 .7 3
5 9 2 .6 7
5 1 8 .6 1
4 4 4 .5 5
3 7 0 .5 0
2 9 6 .4 4
2 2 2 .3 8
1 4 8 .3 2
7 4 .2 6
300
3 2 5 .0 0
3 5 0 .0 0
350
400
5 .0 0
Wavelength4 2(nm)
3 7 5 .0 0
4 0 0 .0 0
4 5 0 .0 0
450
4 7 5 .0 0
5 0 0 .0 0
5000 .2 0
W a v e le n g th (n m )
g) Surface runoff
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700
Peak T
Peak B
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Clean river
Rural river
Urban river
Canal
Pond
Lake
Surface runoff
SIR
Sample type
500
Peak A
Peak C
400
300
200
100
0
Clean river
Rural river
Urban river
Canal
Pond
Lake
Surface runoff
SIR
Sample type
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HIX =
( F
( F
330
F345 )
435
F480 )
(1)
MATERIEI
ORGANICE
DIZOLVATE
PRIN
MONITORIZARE CONTINU A UNUI SISTEM ACVATIC URBAN STUDIU DE CAZ,
RUL BOURN BROOK
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12
Contribuii la studiul fluorescenei ca amprent spectral a materiei organice din sistemele acvatice
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Contribuii la studiul fluorescenei ca amprent spectral a materiei organice din sistemele acvatice
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14
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MATERIEI
ORGANICE
DIZOLVATE
PRIN
MONITORIZARE CONTINU A UNUI CANAL NAVIGABIL STUDIU DE CAZ,
CANALUL WORCHESTER-BIRMINGHAM
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Figura 7. Rezultatele de fluorescen pentru analiza influenei navigaiei asupra DOM, pe probe
colectate de la suprafaa canalului.
Bazinul inferior al rului Arge este unul din cele mai poluate zone din
Romnia datorit concentrrii, n bazinul hidrografic, a unor surse de poluare
industriale, agricole i casnice, n special provenite din zona aglomeraiei
urbane a municipiului Bucureti (2,5 milioane de locuitori). Gradul mare de
poluare provine din faptul c apele uzate menajere i industriale sunt deversate
n ru, fr s existe o staie de tratare a apelor reziduale.
18
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a)
19
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b)
C
T
c)
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0.8
Sabar
Hotarele
Colibasi
Clatesti
Budesti morning
Budesti noon
February
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
300
350
400
450
500
June
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
300
Wavelength (nm)
Sabar
Soldanu
Hotarele
Budesti
Colibasi
Clatesti
350
400
450
500
Wavelength (nm)
(a)
(b)
21
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1.0
Sabar
Soldanu
Hotarele
Budesti
Colibasi
Clatesti
October
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
Wavelength (nm)
(c)
Figura 10 Spectre de fluorescen pentru probe colectate n campanile din
(a) februarie, (b) iunie i (c) octombrie.
a)
120
1050
900
100
750
600
80
60
450
300
40
20
150
0
Campaign I
Clatesti
Soldanu
Budesti
Hotarele
Colibasi
Sabar
Clatesti
Soldanu
Budesti
Hotarele
Colibasi
Fluorescence (a.u)
Faecal coliforms
Peak 330 nm
Sabar
Campaign II
22
Faecal coliforms
Humic substances
200
100
150
80
60
100
40
50
20
Campaign I
b)
Clatesti
Soldanu
Budesti
Hotarele
Colibasi
Sabar
Clatesti
Soldanu
Colibasi
Budesti
0
Hotarele
Fluorescence (a.u)
120
Sabar
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Campaign II
DO
12
Trp-LIF
10
Hotarele
Budesti
February '07
2
1
October '06
2
June '06
February '07
October '06
June '06
February '07
6
5
October '06
10
June '06
14
Clatesti
23
90
160
80
140
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
20
Trp-LIF
10
BOD
40
20
Hotarele
Budesti
February '07
October '06
June '06
February '07
October '06
June '06
February '07
October '06
0
June '06
Contribuii la studiul fluorescenei ca amprent spectral a materiei organice din sistemele acvatice
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Clatesti
CONCLUZII
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MULUMIRI
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Baker A., Inverarity R., Charlton M., Richmond S., Detecting river pollution
using fluorescence spectrophotometry: case studies from the
Ouseburn, NE England, Environmental Pollution, 124 (2003), 57-70.
Cammack W.K.L., Kalf J., Prairie Y.T., Smith E.M., Fluorescent dissolved
organic matter in lakes: Relationship with heterotrophic metabolism,
Limnology and Oceanography, 49 (6) (2004), 2034-2045.
Crstea E.M., Baker A., Boomer I., Pavelescu G., Continuous fluorescence
assessment of organic matter variability on the Bournbrook River,
Birmingham, UK, Hydrological processes, 23 (2009a), 19371946.
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Elfrida Crstea
Crstea E.M., Cristescu L., Pavelescu G., Savastru D., Assessment of the
anthropogenic impact on water systems by fluorescence spectroscopy,
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 8 (6) (2009b),
1321-1326.
Crstea E.M., Pavelescu G., Cristescu L., Savastru D., Comparison between
the characteristics of dissolved organic matter and nitrate content in an
urban river, University Politehnica of Bucharest Scientific Bulletin,
Series A, 71 (3) (2009c), 105-110.
Crstea E.M., Pavelescu G., Ioja C., Cristescu L., Evaluation of the
anthropogenic impact on surface water systems: case of Lower Arges
Basin, Romania, Proc. 8th World Wide Workshop for Young
Environmental Scientists WWW-YES 2009: Urban waters: resource
or risks?, Paris (2009d), 110/188 116/188.
Crstea E.M., Baker A., Bieroza M., Reynolds D.M., Continuous fluorescence
excitation emission matrix monitoring of river organic matter, Water
research, in press (2010a).
Crstea E.M., Contributions to the study of the organic matter from the
aquatic systems by fluorescent fingerprints, Analele Universitatii
Bucuresti Seria Fizica, (2010b).
Coble P.G., Characterisation of marine and terrestrial dissolved organic matter
in seawater using excitationemission matrix spectroscopy, Marine
Chemistry, 51 (1996), 325-346.
Conmy R.N., Coble P.G., Del Castillo C.E., Calibration and performance of a
new in situ multi-channel fluorometer for measurement of colored
dissolved organic matter in the ocean, Continental Shelf Research, 24
(2004), 431442.
Cristescu L., Pavelescu G., Crstea E.M., Savastru D., Evaluation of petroleum
contaminants in soil by fluorescence spectroscopy, Environmental
Engineering and Management Journal, 8 (5) (2009a), 1269-1273.
Cristescu L., Crstea E.M., Pavelescu G., Borisova E., Daskalova A.,
Fluorescence fingerprints of different surface aquatic systems, Proc.
International Symposium The Environment and Industry SIMI
(2009b), 253-258.
Downing B.D., Boss E., Bergamaschi B.A., Fleck J.A., Lionberger M.A., Ganju
N.K., Schoellhamer D.H., Fujii R., Quantifying fluxes and
characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in
aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical
measurements, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 7 (2009),
119-131.
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