STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

CENTRE FOR GRADUATE STUDIES MASTER OF NURSING

STUDY GUIDE
NMNC5103 Healthcare Management
April 2011

Prepared by:

Dr Francis Yap Facilitator School of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences Centre for Instructional Design and Technology Open University Malaysia

Published by:

First Publishing (Uploaded myVLE), April 2010 Second Publishing (Uploaded myVLE), April 2011 Copyright Open University Malaysia (OUM), April 2011, NMNC5103 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the President, Open University Malaysia. Version April 2010

STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

Contents
Course Introduction......................................................................................5 Course Synopsis.......................................................................................5 Course Aims .............................................................................................5 Course Outcomes .....................................................................................5 Course Load .............................................................................................5 Course Resources and Requirements........................................................7 Set textbook(s)..........................................................................................7 Essential references .................................................................................7 my virtual learning environment (myVLE) .................................................8 OUM digital library resources....................................................................8 Assessment...................................................................................................8 Weekly Study Guide .....................................................................................9 Week/Topic 1: Negotiation and Conflict Management in Healthcare......................9 2: Financial Management of Healthcare Organisations ....................11 3: Healthcare Information Management and Technology .................13 4: Coaching Skills in Healthcare Management .................................14 5: Evidence-Based Strategies to Improve Patient Care Outcome ....15 Assessment Guide......................................................................................17 Assignment .............................................................................................17 Do Not Plagiarise ....................................................................................18 Avoiding Plagiarism ................................................................................18 Referencing.............................................................................................19 Appendix A ..................................................................................................21 Sample Assignment ................................................................................21 Appendix B ..................................................................................................22 Learning Support ....................................................................................22 Appendix C ..................................................................................................23 Study Paths for Success in the Course ..................................................23

STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

COURSE INTRODUCTION
Course Synopsis
This course will introduce the students to healthcare systems as an overriding mechanism of healthcare delivery and explore significant areas relating to administrative or leadership roles. It provides the critical knowledge, skills and credentials for nurses who have moved or are ready to move into an administrative or leadership roles in their healthcare organisation. Additionally, students will be offered with the tools and resources that will give them an edge in the changing healthcare environment.

Course aims
The course aims to provide practical knowledge and management principles for nursing leaders to apply within the healthcare environment. Additionally, the course aims to provide the student with the knowledge base necessary to take up new challenges and new roles and responsibilities within the dynamic healthcare organisation or industry.

Course Outcomes
At the completion of this course, it is expected that you will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Discuss the negotiation and conflict management strategies . Discuss the financial management of healthcare organisation. Discuss the management of compex healthcare data systems. Discuss the coaching skills in practice. Discuss the evidence based strategies to improve patient care outcome.

Course Load
It is a standard OUM practice that learners accumulate 40 study hours for every credit hour. As such, for a three-credit hour course, you are expected to spend at least 120 hours of learning. Table 1 gives an estimation of how the 120 hours could be accumulated.

STUDY GUIDE

NMNC5103

Healthcare Management

Table 1: Allocation of Study Hours Activities Reading the course guide and completing the exercises Attending 5 tutorial sessions ( 2 hours for each session) Engage in online discussion Completing assignment Revision Total No of Hours 60 10 15 20 15 120

It is important to know that this STUDY GUIDE is organized around a number of TOPICS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, FOCUS AREAS and ASSIGNED READINGS. This is illustrated in Figure 1.

StudyGuide

Topics

LearningOutcomes

FocusAreas

AssignedReadings

Figure 1: Organisation of the study guide

First, to enable you to achieve the four learning outcomes for the course, four (4) different TOPICS are included in the Study Guide. Each of these topics is to be covered in depth, based on readings from the assigned textbook and supplementary materials for the course. You are expected to spend about 15 hours of learning time on each topic. Ideally, one topic should be covered during each seminar. Second, each topic comprises a number of LEARNING OUTCOMES, FOCUS AREAS and ASSIGNED READINGS. Each topic is guided by topicrelated learning outcomes which essentially tell you what ought to be achieved at the end of a topic. The focus areas demonstrate sub-topics that 6

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Healthcare Management

are to be learnt, understood, applied and evaluated through deliberation. Additionally, these focus areas will be covered in the assignment and the examination for the course. Finally, assigned readings cover the core content for each topic: you will have to read all of what is assigned not only to learn more about various models and strategies recommended by researchers, but also to make important decisions about which model applies to your own teaching-learning context. An important point to be raised here is that while the selected topics for the course NMNC5103 cover a substantial amount of information, your readings and deliberations should not be limited to these topics or to the assigned readings. The assigned readings and the focus areas merely tell you about core content, representing the minimum amount of information to cover. As in all graduate courses, a wide selection of readings is recommended for a full understanding of the area. It would be worth your while to read the recommended texts and to search OUMs digital library for other books and articles related to the course. The pages that follow outline a list of topics and related learning outcomes, focus areas as well as assigned readings for the course. Throughout the duration of the course, your course facilitator will use these topics as a guide for all face-to-face interaction, class participation and group or online discussion. At the end of the course, your knowledge and comprehension of the areas under these topics will be assessed.

COURSE RESOURCES AND REQUIREMENTS

Set textbook(s)
Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc.

Essential references
Evidence based medicine from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_ medicine Harvard Law School (2009). Manage conflict on the job and at home. Harvard University. Harvard Law School. (2009). The new conflict management: Strategies for dealing with tough topics and Interpersonal conflict.,Harvard University.

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Healthcare Management

Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. (1997). Malaysia telemedicine blueprint: Leading healthcare into information age. Kuala Lumpur: Govenrment of Malaysia. Morgan, H. (2005). The art and practice of leadership and coaching. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. Porter, M. (2009). A strategy for healthcare reform. New England journal of medicine: 361: 2. Thomas, J. (2005). Negotiate to win. New York: Harpers Collins Publisher, Inc. Tracy, J. (2002). The fast forward MBA in finance. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

my Virtual Learning Environment (myVLE)

Discussion on-line Students are required to discuss on-line. Assignment Students are required to surf the internet, visit OUM digital library resources, reading the recommended textbooks and journals to complete the assignments.

OUM digital library resources

For the purpose of referencing materials and doing library-based research, OUM has a comprehensive digital library. For this course you may use the following databases: proquest, cynahland e-book. From time to time, materials from these databases will be assigned for additional reading and activities.

ASSESSMENT
Please refer to myVLE

Late submission of assignment(s)

Failure to submit an assignment by the due date without the granting of an official extension of time by your course tutor will incur a penalty.

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Healthcare Management

Weekly Study Guide

Week 1
Topic 1: Negotiation and Conflict Management in Healthcare
Learning outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Recognise the difference between constructive and disruptive conflict; Understand the ethics of win-win negotiation and how to use it under various circumstances; Analyse the strategies for dealing with tough topics and interpersonal conflicts; and Discuss how to foster relationships by building rapport to promote mutually beneficial agreement/s.
Focus Area 1.1 Organisational Conflict Webpage: Organisational conflict 1.2 Ethics of Win-win Negotiation Conflict within groups Conflict resolutions and strategies, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizatio nal_conflict e-book 1.4 Rapport Building to Promote Mutually Beneficial Agreement/s Chapter 10: Ethics Thomas, J. (2005). Negotiate to win, New York: Harpers Collins Publisher, Inc. Assigned Readings

1.3 Strategies for Dealing with Tough Topics and Interpersonal Conflicts

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Healthcare Management

1.5 Negotiation in Action

e-report Harvard Law School. The New Conflict Management: Strategies for dealing with tough topics and Interpersonal conflicts, Harvard University, 2009. Harvard Law School. Manage conflict on the job and at home, Harvard University, 2009 e-Book Case Study: Negotiation in Action Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management. Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc.

Study questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Discuss and elaborate what organisational conflict is. Discuss the importance of ethics in negotiation. Discuss the strategies for dealing with tough topics and interpersonal conflicts. Discuss how rapport building can promote mutually beneficial agreements.

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Healthcare Management

Week 2
Topic 2: Financial Management of Healthcare Organisations
Learning outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Clasify healthcare financial statements; Determine a medical organisation's cost of capital; Evaluate medical cost and performance report; Identify and control important medical cost drivers; and Develop financial and non-financial measures of organisational peformance.
Focus Area 1. Financial Statements Income statement (Profit & Loss Statement) Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement 2. Cost of Budgeting Capital & Capital e Book Chapter 2: Tracy, J. (2002) The fast forward MBA in finance. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Webpages: Cost of capital, from http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Cost_of_capital Expenses and Capital budgeting, from http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_budgeting e-Book 4. Financial and non-financial organisational performance Chapter 5: Performance improvement in healthcare Chapter 8: Managing costs and revenue Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Assigned Readings

3.

Operational Medical Cost

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Study questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Discuss and differentiate the types of financial statements. Discuss the importance of cost of capital and capital budgeting. Identify and describe the major medical cost/s and expenses within an organisation. Discuss and develop financial and non-financial performance indicators.

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Healthcare Management

Week 3
Topic 3: Healthcare Information Management and Technology
Learning outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. Analyse healthcare IT requirements; Develop an IT implementation plan and budget; and Develop the governance and oversight requirements of a major IT project.
Focus Area 1. IT Requirement Analysis e-Book Chapter 6: Information Technology 2. IT implementation plan and budget Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc. E-Article Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. (1997). Malaysia telemedicine blueprint: Leading healthcare into information age. Kuala Lumpur: Government of Malaysia. Assigned Readings

3. 4.

Healthcare IT project management Telemedicine Blueprint

Study questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Discuss and develop IT requirements for your organisation. Discuss and develop an IT implementation plan and budget. Discuss and develop an IT project structure and management. Discuss goals of future healthcare services.

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Healthcare Management

Week 4
Topic 4: Coaching Skills in Healthcare Management
Learning outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Recognise the coaching mindset to promote the growth and development of professional colleagues; Assess the colleagues interaction styles and ability to work in teams; Understand the constitution of emotional intelligence and how to use it as a leader; and Assess and influence colleagues readiness for change.
Focus Area 1. Leadership vs Management The Leader as Coach Teamwork e-Book Chapter 1: Leadership Chapter 5:Performance improvement in healthcare Chapter 11: Teamwork Chapte 12: Cultural Competency and Diversity 4. Emotional Intelligence Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Chapter 10: The Leader as Coach Morgan, H. (2005). The art and practice of leadership and coaching. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Assigned Readings

2. 3.

5.

Continuous Quality Improvement

Study questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Discuss the difference between leadership and management Discuss the approach of the leader as a coach Discuss the benefits of effective healthcare team Discuss emotional intelligence applications to healthcare leadership Discuss the concept of continuous quality improvement (CQI) and change management in healthcare. 14

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Healthcare Management

Week 5
Topic 5: Evidence-Based Strategies to Improve Patient Care Outcome
Learning outcomes By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. Understand evidence-based practice. Understand quality improvement concepts. Apply various approaches to system improvement.
Focus Area 1. Evidence Based Practice 2. Levels/Categories of Evidence 3. Quality Improvement Concepts 4. Approaches to System Improvement Webpages: Evidence based practice, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidencebased_practice from Assigned Readings

Evidence based medicine, from http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine E-Book Chapter 5: Performance healthcare improvement in

Buchbinder, S., & Nancy, H. (2007). Introduction to healthcare management, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Inc.

Study questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Discuss the benefits of evidence based practice. Discuss and differentiate the levels of evidence. Discuss and elaborate quality improvement concepts. Discuss and improvement. elaborate the various approaches of system/s

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Healthcare Management

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Healthcare Management

Assessment Guide
In the following pages, the Assessment Guide provides details on each of these requirements for the course NMNC5103 Healthcare Management. The Guide also outlines the basis on which you will be assessed in this course during the semester.

Assignment
The assignment will focus on the concepts and application of the concepts in healthcare management. The assignment questions will be assessed from OUM`s virtual learning environment (myVLE). It is your responsibility to make sure that your assignment reaches the course coordinator within the time frame. The objective of the assignment is mainly to give you an opportunity to explore and analyse the concepts in depth. You are encouraged to use critical thinking in your assignment especially for the application of healthcare management concepts into nursing practice. The assignment is guided by the contents of the recommended textbook and recent journals. As mentioned earlier, graduate students must demonstrate that they have read widely and researched their topic well. It will NOT suffice to rely on information in the assigned textbook or in the Course Guide to complete your assignment. Using a variety of references will give you a broader perspective on the various topics and will provide a deeper understanding of the subject. The criteria for the assessment of this assignment cover content, structure and thinking skills. In general, you are required to write clearly, using correct spelling and grammar. You also have to submit a paper that shows evidence of the following: (a) (b) (c) Reflection: reflected critically on issues raised in the course Deliberation: Considered and appreciated a range of points of view, including those included in the course material. Application: Developed your own view with regards to application of the concepts and focus areas covered in the course.

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(d) (e)

Argument: Stated your argument clearly with supporting evidence from related research and demonstrated appropriate referencing of sources. Integration: Drawn on your own experiences and integrated the information in the course assignment.

DO NOT PLAGIARISE
As a graduate student, remember that your own thinking and the knowledge you construct as a participant in a course is integral to learning. To succeed in the course, you should never resort to plagiarism or copying at any level whatsoever. Plagiarism refers to any form of deception in a written paper (such as assignments or essays) by a student. It is intended to deceive the instructor about the students abilities or knowledge or the amount of work that is actually contributed by the student. Here are some examples sourced from a local site (www.ppl.upm.edu.my). 1. 2. Copying large sections of a paper from the internet or print sources and not acknowledging these sections as quotations. Paraphrasing or restating someones argument without acknowledging the author. Remember that detailed arguments from clearly identifiable sources must always be acknowledged. Purchasing or buying essays or papers written by other students. Taking credit for work produced by someone else. This includes photographs, charts, graphs, drawings, statistics, video-clips, audioclips, verbal exchanges such as interviews or lectures, performances on television and texts printed on the web. Taking double credit by submitting the same essay for two or more courses.

3. 4.

5.

Avoiding Plagiarism
Here are some ideas from www.ppl.upm.edu.my for avoiding plagiarism in your assignments and essays. 1. 2. 3. Insert quotation marks around copy and paste clauses, phrases, sentences or paragraphs and cite the original source Paraphrase clauses, phrases, sentences or paragraphs in your own words and cite your source. Adhere to the APA (American Psychological Association) stylistic format, when citing a source and when writing out the bibliography or reference page

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Healthcare Management

4.

Write independently without being overly dependent on information from anothers original work. Read a text, put it away and then write about what your have read in your own words. Educate yourself on what may be considered common knowledge (no copyright necessary), public domain (copyright has expired or not protected under copyright law), or copyright (legally protected).

5.

Documenting Sources
Remember that when you quote, paraphrase, summarise or refer to someones work you are required to cite the source. Here are some of the most commonly cited forms of material (See www.jfklibrary.org, library.duke.edu/research/citing and www.ppl. upm.edu.my). Direct citation Simply having a list of thinking skills is no assurance that using quotation children will use it. In order for such skills to become part of day-to-day behaviour, they must be cultivated in an marks environment that value and sustains them. Just as childrens musical skills will likely lay fallow in an environment that doesnt encourage music, learners thinking skills tend to languish in a culture that doesnt encourage thinking (Tishman, Perkins and Jay, 1995, p.5). Indirect According to Wurman (1988), the new disease of the Citation using 21st century will be information anxiety, which has been defined as the ever-widening gap between what one referential understands and what one thinks one should understand.

Referencing
All sources that you cite in your paper should be listed in the REFERENCE section at the end of your paper. Below are some suggestions, as listed in library.fayschool.org/ Pages/Citation_Guide.htm

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Healthcare Management

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Appendix A
Sample Assignment
NMNC5103 Healthcare Management

Assignment (60 %) Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to gain significant understanding of the strategies for dealing with tough topics and interpersonal conflicts so that you can apply the strategies into nursing practice. The task 1. 2. Step 1: Read all the strategies in the course guide. Step 2: Based on what you understand about the strategies, you are required to choose TWO strategies that you interested to focus and explore in depth. Step 3: Find and read the related articles from recent journals, recommended texts and the assigned textbook/s. Step 4: Discuss, analyse and differentiate the two selected strategies and give examples.

3. 4.

Outcome: Present the outcome of your work in the form of a single ESSAY about (40005000 words). It is important to present a paper that demonstrates consistent effort and thinking on your part. Give your paper a title or your own, write the aims of the paper and use clear indicators or transition terms that demonstrate to the reader that your paper is well organised. Remember that an essay contains a beginning, middle and an end; for ease of reading you would have to clearly label the various sections in your essay, e.g Introduction you would like to explain the reason why the theory was chosen. DO NOT present your work in a series of bullet points or in the paragraphs lifted directly from the original articles. Paraphrase, write in your own words and use words that make sense to you. Copying only makes for a choppy piece of work and does not show coherence a point that cannot be emphasised enough.

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Appendix B
Learning Support
NMNC5103 Healthcare Management

Seminars

There are 15 hours of face-to-face facilitation provided for the course. There will be FIVE seminars of 3 hours each. You will be notified of the dates, times and location of these seminars, together with the name and e-mail address of your facilitator, as soon as you are allocated a group.
Discussion and Participation

Besides the face-to-face seminars, you have the support of online discussions in myVLE with your facilitator and your course mates. Your contributions to the online discussion will greatly enhance your understanding of course content, and help you do the assignment and prepare for the examination.
Feedback and Input from Facilitator

As you work on the activities and the assigned text, your course facilitator will provide assistance to you throughout the duration of the course. The facilitator will also mark your assignment and give you feedback on your performance. At any time that you need assistance, do not hesitate to discuss your problems with your facilitator. The seminars and the online forum can also be used for any of the following situations: When you have difficulty with the contents of the textbook. If you do not understand the assigned readings. When you have a question or problem with the assignment.

Bear in mind that communication is important for you to be able to get the most out of this course. Therefore you should, at all times, be in touch with your facilitator and course mates, and be aware of all the requirements for successful completion of a course.

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Appendix C
Study Paths for Success in the Course Time Commitments for Study

You should plan to spend about 15 hours of study time on each topic, which includes the time spent doing all assigned readings and activities. You must schedule your time to discuss the work online and spend enough time on each topic for this course. It is often more effective to distribute the study hours over a number of days rather than spending the whole day studying one topic. You have some flexibility as there are 4 topics spread over a period of 15 weeks.
Study Strategy

The following is a proposed strategy for working through the course. If you have difficulty following the strategy, discuss your problems with your facilitator either through the online forum or during the seminars. (i) (ii) The most important step is to read the contents of this Course Guide thoroughly. Organise a study schedule. Take note of the amount of time you spend on each topic, as well as the dates for submission of the assignments and seminars. Once you have created a study schedule, make every effort to stick to it. One reason students are unable to cope with post-graduate courses is that they delay their course work. To understand the various dimensions of the course, do the following: Study the Course Overview and the entire list of topics. examine the relationship of a topic to other topics. Then

(iii)

(iv)

Complete all assigned readings and go through the supplementary texts to get a broad understanding of course content. Do all activities and read the scenarios in the assigned textbook to understand the various concepts and facts presented in a topic. Draw ideas from a large number of readings as you prepare for the assignment. Work on the assignment as the semester progresses so that you are able to systematically produce a commendable portfolio or paper. 23

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(v)

When you have completed a topic, review the Learning Outcomes for the topic to confirm that you have achieved them and are able to do what is required. After completing all topics, review the course content to prepare for the final examination. Review the Learning Outcomes of the course to see if you have covered all the relevant parts of the course.

(vi)

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