CHAPTER 8

Infancy
Infancy
 Are defined as 1 month to 1 year
of age
Motor Development
-Is strongly related to physical, cognitive and
social development.
General principle associated with motor
development include:
 Voluntary behaviors follows the disappearance of
primitive reflexes.
 Pronation occurs before supination.
 The ability to grasp an object precedes the ability to
release it.
Gross Motor
Development
•Head control is judged
by the presence or
absence of head lag
•It can be determined
when the infant is pulled
by the arms from a
supine to a sitting
position

Fine Motor
Development

•Is the ability to

coordinate hand-eye
movement in an orderly
and progressive manner
PRINCIPLES OF
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Dev’t is orderly and sequential
 Dev’t is directional
 Dev’t is unique for each child
 Dev’t is interrelated
 Dev’t becomes increasingly
differentiated
 Dev’t becomes increasingly integrated
and complex
 Children are competent
 New skills predominate
Developmental Milestones in Infancy
 Infantsdevelop motor skills in a highly
predictable sequence, but they differ in
the age at which they achieve these skills.
The bars in this chart show the age span
at which most children reach a particular
developmental milestone.

Some children will attain these milestones

earlier or later than the ranges shown.
LEARNING TO WALK
A child takes her
first steps. Most
children learn to
walk by 15 months
of age, although
some normal
children do not
begin to walk until
18 months.
Mastery of walking
soon leads to
running and
jumping.
 If not given:
Psychosexual Oral stimulation Thumb suckers,
development Or sucking is the nail biters or pencil
central focus in chewers and
this stage. compulsive eaters
Oral stage
Do not discourage
or smokers in later
(Birth to 1 year) life
thumb sucking
give pacifier

Psychosocial Feeding, clothing The infant will

development and comforting develop a sense of
Promptly meet mistrust
Trust vs. mistrust infants needs Delayed trust
development