LAYNE TPE B.

Literature Review Main ideas 1. Students are often assessed properly on a 100-point scale. 2. Descriptors instead of grades would show students astery of content. Supporting Evidence 1. 1Most assess ents in today.s classroo s are &ased on a 100-point scale. 2he i proper use of this scale can lead to incorrect student achieve ent scores3 4Mar5ano* 201#6. 2. 17 very popular alternative to an overall letter grade is a scale that uses the descriptors advanced, proficient, basic, and below basic. 2his approach &eca e popular in 1000 when the 8ational 7ssess ent of Educational 9rogress &egan using very si ilar categories3 4Mar5ano* 20106. !. 1)ell-constructed scales are critical to scoring de onstrative and uno&trusive o&servations. :no&trusive assess ents are ost easily applied to de onstrations since de onstrating s,ills usually involves doing so ething that is o&serva&le3 4Mar5ano* 201#6. #. 12hree types of assess ents can and should &e used in a classroo for a co prehensive syste of for ative assess ent; o&trusive assess ents* uno&trusive assess ents* and student-generated assess ents3 4Mar5ano* 201#6. '. 1Student-friendly scales should have e%a ples of what it would loo, li,e to provide a correct answer for the score of 2.0* !.0* and #.0 content3 4Mar5ano* 201#6. (. 17 well-written scale can &e thought of as an applied version of learning progression3 4Mar5ano* 201#6.

!. "t is i perative that teachers create scales that students understand and can use to show content astery. #. $or ative assess ent in a classroo is e%tre ely i portant for &oth a teacher and students. '. Students are a&le to deter ine the results of an assess ent &ased on a scale instead of a letter grade with little eaning of content astery. (. )ith a scale* students understand they can continually progress towards content astery and show constant i prove ent. +. Students want to ,now -how they are doing. at all points to help encourage the to learn. /. )hen feed&ac, is not provided* students do not ,now how they can i prove. 0. Letter grades do not share the sa e infor ation as ru&rics with students on their progress towards content astery

+. 12he answer to the <uestion -how a " doing. is ,nown psychologically as ,nowledge of results and is essential for speedy and effective learning3 4=unter* 10(+* p. 1026. /. 12he ore precise and specific the feed&ac,* the ore helpful it is to hi and the faster he will i prove3 4=unter* 10(+* p. 1026. 0. 1>rades usually are not effective ,nowledge of results3 4=unter* 10(+* p. 1026.

References

LAYNE TPE B.

=unter* M. 410(+6. Teach for Transfer. 2housand ?a,s* @7; @orwin 9ress. Mar5ano* R. A. 4201#6. Tips from dr. marzano formative assessment & standards-based grading. Retrieved fro http;BBwww. ar5anoresearch.co BresourcesBtipsBfas&gCtipsCarchive