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CHIPKO MOVEMENT

Foot March for Chipko Movement


Meeting for Chipko Movement
INTRODUCTION
• The Chipko movement was started to prevent the
cutting of trees.

• Against those people, who were destroying the


natural resources of the forests

• Chipko Movement aimed at protection and


conservation of trees and forests from being destroyed.
HISTORY
• Birth place - Gopeshwar in District Chamoli
in 1973

• First Chipko action


March 1974 in Reni
village.
HISTORY

• Spread throughout the Uttaranchal Himalayas by the end


of the decade.

• Based on the Gandhian philosophy

• The name of the Chipko moment originated from the


word ‘embrace’
Major people in the Chipko Movement

• Village women
• Amrita Devi
• Gaura Devi
• Chandi Prasad Bhatt
• Sundarlal Bahuguna
Women’s Participation
• Mass participation of female villagers and their children
• Women were most directly affected by environmental
degradation and deforestation.
• Key women leaders were Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi,
Bachni Devi, Dev Suman, Mira Behn, Sarala Behn and
Amrita Devi.
• Women formed human chains across roads to prevent
contractors from reaching the forest area.

• Women have fought against the deforestation. They


have prevented the contractors from felling the trees.
Children as Mediators

• Children act as mediators for Chipko


Movement to take the message home
and spread to their parents.
Gaura Devi
• Head of the village Mahila Mangal Dal.

• Mobilized village women for the movement when


company men marched to cut the trees.

• Gaura Devi stood on way and declared:

“The forest nurtures us like a mother; you will only be able


to use your axes on it but you have to use them first on
us.”
Chandi Prasad Bhatt
• A leader within the Chipko movement.
• Educate villagers among the Himalayan Mountains.
• Bhatt’s teachings focus on the protection of the
Himalayan Mountains from deforestation.
• Organized rallies to protect the forest from mass
destruction.
“Let them know we will not allow the
felling of a single tree. When their men
raise their axes, we will embrace the
trees to protect them.”

- Chandi Prasad Bhatt


Sundarlal Bahuguna
• He has contributed globally through awareness
raising measures concerning deforestation.
• He was one of the first people to stop the construction
of the Tehri Dam.
• Bahuguna understood the need for protecting the
environment by taking foot marches.

• He suggested that the villagers must replant what they


cut.
Importance of Tehri Dam
• Tehri Dam,a major hydroelectric project centered
near Tehri Town.

• Final installed capacity of 2000 MW

• Additional irrigation to 270,000 hectares


• Stabilization to existing irrigation on 600,000
hectares

• 270 million gallons of drinking water per day to


Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.
Why not Tehri Dam ???
• Tehri Dam- object of active protestation by
environmental organizations and local people.

• Reasons for Protestation:

• The relocation of more than 100,000 people


.
• It is located in the Central Himalayan Seismic Gap.

• This region was the site of a 6.8 magnitude earthquake.


• The dam-break would submerge numerous towns
whose populations total near half a million.

• The intention of the Dams was to divert water flow to


New Delhi.

• This will lead to reduction of water supply in


mountain villagers.
• The villages get water supply of only 4 liters per
family.

• Moreover the protestors claim that it will uproot trees


and pose a flood threat.
Why Chipko Movement
• The forests of India are a critical resource for the
livelihood of rural peoples throughout the country.

• These forests have been increasingly felled for


commerce and industry.
• If the Himalayas are not saved all of India will be
turned in to a desert.

• Fodder will not be available.


• There will be Soil Erosion and land slides.
• Indian villagers have sought to protect their
livelihoods through the Gandhian method.

• This resistance to the destruction of forests spread


throughout India and became organised.

• Known as the Chipko Movement.


• Deforestation is a severe problem in northern India.

• Local people have come together to prevent commercial


timber harvesting.

• Subsistence agriculture provided women the necessary


nutrients needed to feed their families.

• Uttarakhand has moved away from subsistence-oriented


peasant economy to a dependent on outside remittances
to live.
Slogan of Chipko Moment
• “ What do the forest bear? Soil
,water and pure air”
Embrace the tree
and save them from being
felled;
the properties of our hills,
save them from being looted.
And,
“Ecology is permanent
economy.”
Another one said ….
• “Let us protect and plant the trees
Go awaken the villages
And drive away the axe man”
Success of the Chipko Movement
• Ban on cutting the trees for the 15 years in the forests of
Uttar Pradesh in 1980.

• Later on the ban was imposed in Himachal Pardesh,


Karnataka, Rajasthan, Bihar, Western Ghats and
Vindhayas.

• More than 1,00,000 trees have been saved from


excavation.

• It generated pressure for a natural resource policy


which is more sensitive to people's needs and ecological
requirements.
• Afterward environmental awareness increased
dramatically in India.

• New methods of forest farming have been developed,


both to conserve the forests and create employment.

• By 1981, over a million trees had been planted


through their efforts.

• Villagers paid special attention in care of the trees


and forest trees are being used judiciously.
• The forest department has opened some nursery in
villages and supplies free seedlings to the forest.

• This method often slowed the work and brought attention


the government’s actions.

• The Chipko is still working to protect the trees today


through the same nonviolent methods.

• The chipko movement is teaching the people better land


use ,nursery management and reforestation methods.
References
• http://www.iisd.org/50comm/commdb/desc/d07.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movement
• http://healthy-india.org/saveearth6.asp
• http://
www.copperwiki.org/index.php/Chipko_Movement

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