Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions
Whats the difference between a chemical and a physical change?

A chemical reaction is one or more substances (reactants) that are changed into one or more new substances (products) Reactants Products Conservation of Mass

Chemical Change
Create heat and/or light Production of a gas Formation of a percipitate Color change

Name some reactions

Good
Digestion of food Photosynthesis Respiration Battery in your car Combustion of gasoline

Bad
Food molding Iron rusting

5 Types of Reactions
All are unique reactions with unique ways to form products. You will have to be able to predict what will happen in a reaction using knowledge of reaction classification and identification of reactants.

What affects the rate of reactions?

Concentration of reactants Temperature Catalyst Surface area Medium

Reactants
May be elements or compounds. 10 elements exist as diatomic molecules they bond together in nature and are found as pairs. At BrINClHOF (At Brinkelhof) Ex. Hydrogen would be H2, Nitrogen would be N2, etc. Subscript is only when part of a compound!

Writing a chemical equation

Lets say we have
Sodium + chlorine sodium chloride
How do we write this?

Na + Cl2 NaCl
element Diatomic element Compound

Conservation of Mass
Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, simply rearranged. So we need to balance the equation!

Na + Cl2 NaCl

How many atoms do we have? Mass isnt conserved! Reactants Products Yields 1 Na 1 Na 2 Cl 1 - Cl

Balancing Equations
You can manipulate the number of products and reactants in an equation to balance out the number of atoms. This is done using coefficients to change the number of atoms in each side of the equation until they balance.

Step 1
Write the unbalanced chemical equation.
Sodium + chlorine sodium chloride

Na + Cl2 NaCl

Step 2
Draw boxes around all the chemical formulas and draw spaces in front of them (space for the coefficients).

___ Na + ___ Cl2 __ NaCl

DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING IN THE BOX!

Step 3
Take an element inventory

___ Na + ___ Cl2 __ NaCl

Reactants Na 1 Cl - 2
Products 1 Na 1 - Cl

Step 4
Write numbers in front of each box until the inventory for each elements is the same for the reactants and the products.

_2_ Na + ___ Cl2 _2_ NaCl

Reactants Na 2 Cl - 2 Products 2 Na 2 - Cl

Symbols

(s) a substance in the solid state (l) a substance in the liquid state (g) a substance in the gaseous state (aq) an aqueous solution, dissolved in water - heat is supplied to the reaction Pt - A catalyst is used in the reaction

 http://funbasedlearning.com/chemistry/chem Balancer/ques4.htm http://www.buzzfeed.com/awesomer/coolestchemical-reactions

 Zinc and hydrochloric acid yield zinc chloride and hydrogen Magnesium and hydrochloric acid react to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen Aqueous nitric acid reacts with solid magnesium hydroxide to produce aqueous magnesium nitrate and water.

Tips
Put a 1 in front of the most complex compound Balance compounds that appear in multiple products or reactants last. May need fractions