Photography Basics - Exposure

In SLR (single lens reflex) camera photography: Exposure refers to the amount of light captured by a sensor in a camera to produce a photograph There are four elements of exposure: scene light sensiti!ity intensity and time They are dependant on each other to produce a successful photograph"

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Scene light
The amount of light that is a!ailable at the scene to ma$e a picture

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Sensitivity
Sensiti!ity refers to the amount of light that the camera%s image sensor re&uires the IS' (International 'rgani(ation for Standardi(ation) setting determines ho) sensiti!e the image sensor is to light" The higher the IS' number the more sensiti!e the sensor is to light and the less light that%s needed to ma$e a picture" The lo)er the IS' setting the finer the image grain

3200 ISO 100 ISO

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*igital photography usually has the follo)ing IS' se&uence: IS' +,, +-. +/, -,, -., 0-, 1,, 2,, and up" Each IS' setting is t)ice as sensiti!e to light as the pre!ious setting"

3age o o 'utdoors )ith sun use: -,, IS' Indoors use: 1,, IS'

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Intensity - The role of aperture

The lens aperture is the si(e of the lens opening" It determines the intensity (amount) of light that stri$es the image sensor" Lens aperture is an ad4ustable opening on the lens that allo)s more or less light to reach the sensor"

9ide aperture

narro) aperture

5perture is sho)n as a set of 6f7stops8 (focal stops) on the lens:

The smaller the f-number the larger the aperture opening which allows more light to reach the film or image sensor" # 9hen you increase or decrease the f7stop by one setting it doubles or hal!es the exposure" :or example t)ice as much light reaches the image sensor at f;+"1 as at f;-"

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Aperture and Depth of Field

# # # Depth of field is the zone of sharp focus" The further you are a)ay from the sub4ect the greater the depth of field )ill be" 5perture is one factor that affects depth of field:

small in focus zone because more light is allo)ed through the lens corresponding aperture: f;+"1 f;-"2 f;1 f;."/

large or deep in focus zone because less light is allo)ed through the lens corresponding aperture: f;2 f;++ f;+/ f;--

Shallo) *epth of :ield *eep *epth of :ield

*escription ?orresponding aperture small in focus (one because f;+"1 f;-"2 f;1 f;."/ more light is allo)ed through the lens Large or deep in focus (one f;2 f;++ f;+/ f;-because less light is allo)ed through the lens

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4. Ti e - The !ole of Shutter Spee"

# # # Shutter speed controls ho) long the lens 6curtain8 stays open to let light stri$e the image sensor 7 it determines the length of time light enters the camera" Shutter speeds are sho)n in fractions of a second" Shutter speeds from slo) to fast are: <ulb (shutter stays open as long is shutter button is pressed) + second = > +;2 +;+. +;0, +;/, +;+-. +;.,, +;+,,, etc" one fifteenth of a second # 9hen you increase or decrease a shutter speed by one setting it doubles or hal!es the exposure" :or example t)ice as much light reaches the image sensor at +;0, of a second as at +;/, of a second"

Shutter speed determines )hether you can free(e a mo!ing sub4ect or allo) it to be blurred in a picture: To capture motion To freeze motion: blur: set shutter speed to +;/, try +;0, second or slo)er or faster use a tripod

RE@E@<ER: scene light, sensitivity, intensity and time are dependant on one another