Chapter Introduction ‘The widespread use of personal computers, which have the power to solve problems solvable in the past only on mainframe computers, has influenced the tabulated format of this book. Computer programs for structural analysis, employing techniques such as the finite element method, are also available for general use. These programs are very powerful; however, in many cases, elements of structural systems can be analyzed quite effectively independently without the need for an elaborate finite element model. In some instances, finite element models or programs are verified by comparing their solutions with the results given in a book such as this. Contained within this book are simple, accurate, and thorough tabulated formulations that can be applied to the stress analysis of a comprehensive range of structural components, ‘This chapter serves to introduce the reader to the terminology, state property units and conversions, and contents of the book. 1.1. Terminology Definitions of terms used throughout the book can be found in the glossary in Appendix B. 1.2. State Properties, Units, and Conversions ‘The basic state properties associated with stress analysis include the following: geometrical properties such as length, area, volume, centroid, center of gravity, and second-area moment (area moment of inertia); material properties such as mass density, modulus of elasti- city, Poisson's ratio, and thermal expansion coefficient; loading proper- ties such as force, moment, and force distributions (e.g., force per unit length, force per unit area, and force per unit volume); other proper-