A Handbook of The Ateso Language

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
SAN DIEGO
II mil II mil III 111 III ; mil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
3 1822 00806 6664
HANDBOOK
KESO LANGUAGE
UNIVERSITY OF CAl i
twV
PL
3 1822 00806 6664
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIKSQ ' ^
LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA
A HANDBOOK
OF THE
ATESO LANGUAGE
A HANDBOOK
OF THE
ATESO LANGUAGE
B^ THE
VEN. ARCHDEACON A. L. KITCHING, M.A.
author of
"an outline grammar of the gang language"
"on the backwaters of ths Nile"
SOCIETY lOR I'KOMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE

LONDON: NORTHUMBERLAN'r) AVENCE, W.C.
I9I5
INTRODUCTION
The Ateso dialect is spoken by a tribe ot" some 300,000
people living between Lake Kioga and Mt. Elgon in the
Eastern Province of the Uganda Protectorate. The Teso
are a cheerful, industrious people, amenable to control and
eminently teachable. Although now for some six years
only in close contact with civilization, the tribe has made
phenomenally rapid progTess in the arts of peace the culti-
;
vation of cotton and labour on the construction of metalled

roads has provided even the poorest peasants with abundant
cash, and European articles, from cigarettes to bicycles, are
in eager demand.
Yet the name of this tribe does not appear, so far as
the wTiter is aware, in any of the works on the peoples of
the Uganda Protectorate. The Teso appear to belong to the
same Nilotic gi-oup as the Nandi, Turkana and Karamojo
tribes, and the language has affinities with Masai. The
dialect is given by Sir H. H. Johnston, in his work The Uganda
Protectorate, as Elgumi, a name which the Rev. W. Crabtree
suggests has been applied to the tribe by the Masai {En game =
the nose) owing to the frecpient occurrence of the velar nasal
ng. It is, however, doubtful if the sound in question is
associated by natives with nasal utterance ; it is more prob-
able that the word is the Masai Ilkume, one of their names for
the Turkana tribe, who speak a dialect nearly resembling
Ateso.
A comparison between Ateso and the Turkana and Kara-
mojo dialects is afforded by the following list of common
words — ^
English.
VI INTRODUCTION
English.
Vlll INTRODUCTION
5. Numerals
INTRODUCTION IX
In these ng represents wj hard (as in loii(/er), while /((/' is
employed to denote irg soft (as in singer). As the hard ng

does not occur in Ateso only one symbol is required ; the
sound )tg soft (velar nasal)one phonetically, not compound
is
{ng hard is really ngg), and should therefore be represented
in phonetic writing by a single symbol. Accordingly w' was

adopted as the closest approximation to the Bantu ng\ The
author regrets the necessity for abandoning the phonography
of many authorities, but he was concerned solely with the
consideration of what would best represent the spoken sounds
to the Teso people, for whom his work is done, even at the
cost of extra trouble to European philologists.
The author wishes to acknowdedge his indebtedness to the

Rev. W. Crabtree, late of the C.M.S. Uganda Mission, for
the use of his vocabularies of the Ateso dialect. He is also
indebted to the members of the Mill Hill Roman Catholic
IMission at Ngora for suggestions on the grammar of the
language, and to Mr. C. W. Hattersley for permission to adopt
his work entitled Lugaiida P/imse Book as a basis for the
conversational chapters at the end of this book.
A HANDBOOK OF THE
ATESO LANGUAGE
The Alphabet.
The Ateso alphabet consists of twenty -three letters the ;
English consonants /, q, v, x, z, are not used, while n and h'

are added. The vowels are pronounced much as in Italian.
The approximate pronunciation of the letters is as follows
a as a in fat her, not as in man . . aparau
h ,, bend ebela
,, cJiair apecelo
„ dotvn adaket
,, make apese
,, tether aperit
,, (father, never as in gender . egilut
,, hair hali
„ been ekilyokit
,, evident akipi
„ jolt cjakait
„ keep apaki
,, lane etelepat
,, mend amaranait
,, now elwana
,, onion akonen, akaii
,, singer, never as in stronger . kan'ina, n"61, kitin'
„ gone aiboko
,, bone etogo
,, glory aladot
,, pain alupot
,, rent akware
,, sack alosit
11
12 A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAGE
t as t in tool etaget
M ,, 00 „ moon, never as in dutij . . amutono
IV „ w „ went awaraga
y ,, y „ yard eyapye
Ateso vowels combine to make two diphthongs

ai as i in hite adakai
oi ,, oy„ alloy aladoi
Other vowels found occurring together are not diphthongs,

but are pronounced separately
ibotei contains four syllables

aujo ,, three ,,
apolou ,, four ,,
adeodeo ,, five ,,
Transliteration. — In transliterating words boriowed from

other languages
'p is used for / and ?• aipiiga for the Luganda okufttga

s „ ,, z emesa ,, ,, emeza
The nasalization common in Bantu dialects is usually

dropped
eniusango becomes anusayd.
Thus also by a combination of both these processes, the

Luganda twiinza (jigger) becomes ejmsa in Ateso.
SUBSTANTIVES.
Ateso substantives are divided into two main classes
1. Masculine nouns, having the initial vowel e in the singular
and i in the plural.
2. Feminine nouns, having the initial vowel a in both
singular and plural.
Beside these there are two smaller classes

.'1 A few nouns, mostly denoting relaJ:ionships, having the
vowel o in the singular and irregular plural.
initial
4. The diminutive forms of nouns in the other classes.
1 and 2 may be subdivided according to the ways
Classes
of forming the plural. Any noun in Class 1 denoting a person
or animal may also be used in Class 2 by changing the initial
vowel, e. g. —
emerekek, a ram amerekek, a eice
eblesit, a servant ablesit, a maidservant
Some feminine nouns denote a weaker or smaller individual

of the masculine equivalent, e. g.
—
ekitoi, a big tree akitoi, a piece of wood
ikitor, trees akitor, firewood
Class 1.
There are eleven subdivisions in the masculine class.
1. Nouns denoting persons, formed from verbs by the

addition to the root of the verb of e- or tka- in the case of
strong verbs, and chc- in the case of weak verbs. These have
the singular termination -an and plural -ah —
ekamr^jau a hunter ikamejak
eken'alan a liar iken'alak
ekelipan a beggar ikelipak
The following also have plural termiiuition -k, but are
irregular in formation
ekurye a coward ikuryesik

emudukl a blind man imudukyok
2. Nouns with singular terminating in -a, -at, -c, -et, -o,
-6t, and plural in -ai, -ei, -oi —

ekojo an arrow ikojoi
erlkot a cliai)i irikoi
etome an elephant itomei
edita a basket iditai
ebotet a device ibotei
3. Nouns with singular terminating in p or a vowel and

plural in ijo or syo—
em in a rat imiryo
elap a moon, month ilapyo
edia a herb idiasyo
4. Nouns with singular termination -ok, -6n\ -oi, -1 and

plural -or —
ekin'ok a dog in'okwor
ekicolon' a stool ikicolon'or
ekitwl a shrub ikitwor
5. Nouns with singular in -/, -n, -k, -u\ -/, -r, which add
-a in the plural
ekeret a gourd ikereta

ekisil a command ikisila
ekuruk a crow ikuruku
ekiriton a scorpion ikiritona
Some add -na or -ina to a singular in -m or -o
ejani a papyrus mat ijanuna

ekwaro a cerval cat ikwaroaa
Some nouns in -ai or -at drop the final letter
esaniai a rirer isanui

ecokat a seed icoka
Nouns ending in -it or -ait drop -it, some in -an drop -n-
eslgiiait a cowrie shell isigiia

ekosohwau a buffalo ikosobwa
ekilyokit a man ikilyok
Emtisogait a Mnsoga Imusoga
A HANDBOOK OF THK ATESO LANGUAGE l5
6. Nouns with singular in -?', -o, -u, -it, -ot, or -m, which add
-In or change the final syllable to -in —
eroto a road irotiu
ebu a hycena ibwin
ekwam a uintl ikwamin
eblesit a servant iblesm
Some in -6t, or -et change the final syllable to -on, -eni —

ekadon'ot a hell ikadon'on
edokolet a monkey idokoleni
7. Nouns with singular in -7^, -6t, -ut, which drop the final -t —
esirut a mosquito isiru
ekaiiumit a grain of semsem ikaiiumi
ecopot j)upil of the eye icopo
8. Nouns with singular termination -?, -7^-, -fi which add -o

or change to -(' —
en'atun a lion in'atuno
ebokorit a finger ibokoro
eputiri a wart hog iputiro
Some in -o, -7, add -no or in -ut change to -unij —

eryago a bag iryagono
epiri a pole ipirino
etolut a pelican itoluno
Similarly
esyep a side isyepiuo
emoru a hill imoruno
9. Nouns with singular in -e or -et which make plural in -e —
emaase a locust imaase
emaret a bean imare
Also
ekiya a charm, medicine ikeye
10. Other nouns in -e, -et, -'/, -s, -t, make plural in -ya —
ere a village irerya
ekus a needle ikusya
ejoket a spirit ijokya
ekirore a name ikhorya
11. A few nouns add -on to the singular

ebuii a crevasse iburion
etoii a kite itorion
There are a number of nouns which cannot be brought into

any of the above classes
etwo a drinking gourd itwol

emeleku a hoe imelekes
elon'oru a lumj) ilon'oras
ekume a nostril ikumes
ekweter a dwarf ikweteras
emwatununi a twin imwatuku
Some nouns have no plural form, such as names of diseases
and a few abstract nouns
ekodoi sntallpox
epuru measles
eban'anut foihf
epu'yanut cleverness
Note.- It will be observed that the above classification of

substantives is more or less arbitrary, and of little assistance
in studying the formation of plurals. Owing to the extreme
irregularity of Ateso in this respect it seems impossible to do
more than group the substantives together in some such way
as the above and memorize the forms individually.
Class 2.
The feminine class has eight sub-divisions.
1. Nouns ending in a vowel, except -/, which add I for the

plural-
akale a spoon akalei
atibo a howl atiboi
ukulu an ostrich akului
iSome with singular in -~tt, -Ct, -6t, make ])lural in -i —
akit an, ear aki
abilot a jiute abiloi
abf'yet an egg abeyl
2. Nouns in n' or //, iiuikiiig plural in -or
atapin' a guinea fowl - atapin 'or

ateinisu a drum atenusor
A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAGE 17
3. Nouns with singular in -i, -u, -It, and plural in -c —

akacerit a star akacere
4. A large number of nouns ending in a consonant add -a
to form the plural
apesen a debt apescna
abebenuk a iving abebenuka
akiiian' a crocodile akiiian'a
Others in -at, -ait, drop -t or -it —

asowat a piece of iron asowa
ageratait a comb agerata
Some nouns add -na to the singular, those in -ut dropping
the -t—
atenut a branch atenuna
agola a cor>ier agolana
5. Nouns ending in -?, -o, add -nl, ending in n' or -n add
akoli a cup akolino

akun' a knee akun'ino
Some nouns in -6t, -ut, merely drop the -t—
akakut a haiUtone akaku
ajulot a feather ajulo
6. Nouns ending in -an, -I, -It, -d, add -7h to the singular
or chaiige the final syllable to -in —
an'ololo a lake aif ololln
akan an arm akauin
aisinit a bracelet aisinin
amaduli a Juit amadulin
7. Some nouns ending in a consonant, and a few in -a or -i
add -ia or sia —
adeka a disease adekesia
aparan a day aparasia
8. Some nouns change a final -t to -n —
atitibat a heel atitiban
acocorot a partridge acocoron
A number nouns have no plural form, such as
of feminine
abstract nouns and a few others, e. g. —
ajakanut, a kingdom abelt, truth
Others have no singular, chiefly those denoting liquids

akipl, water awokot, blood
The following must also be included in Class 2
1. Infinitives used as abstract substantives
akialama, joy alosit, journey
akerit, reverence
2. Abstract nouns formed from verbs with the termination

-ut —
asyana, to be gracious asyanut, grace
amuno, to trust amunonut, covfideiice
3. Nouns denoting place, formed from infinitives with the

affix -7s.
akilon", to bathe akilon'is, bathroom

akiboyi, to sit akiboyls, a place
akwana, to be sharp akwanis, edge
4. Nouns denoting the instrument used, formed from
iiifinitives with the termination -et or -ait —
akidoka, to climb adoket, a ladder
akirap, to cover arapetait, a lid
5. Imported words not denoting persons of the masculine

gender
arupiya, a rupee abaluwa, a letter
five classes the two first have no plural forms, the

Of these
last three follow the formation of the main classes given
above. So in Class 3 we have plurals in -syo —
akipoyls a kitchen akipoylsyo
and in Class 4 plural foinis in -a —
adoket a ladder adoketa
and in Class 5 plurals in -na —
arupiyana ru])ees.
Class 3.
This Class contains a small number of nouns, nearly all

denoting relationships
okoku, son okilen, husband
onaci, brother, cousin otataylt, grandson
ocen, nephew dion, pasture
A HANDBOOK OF THK ATESO LANGUAGE 19
There are also irregular forms without the iuitial o —

^aivd, father toto, tnolher
papa, ancestor kiuaci, sister, cousin
mamayi, uncle eja, aunt
The plural forms are irregular, as follows
iidwe, so)is iklleni, husbands

ikliiaoau. brothers itatayl, grandsons
icenion, nephews orona, pastures
fathers
hipaita,, lukatoto, mothers
lupapa, ancestors akiuacan, sisters
lumamayi, imcles lukeja, aunts
The adjectival and other agreements are the same as those

for Class 1, except for words denoting female relations, which
follow Class 2.
Class 4.
This class contains the diminutive forms of nouns in the

other classes. The noun ibore (a thing) may also be included,
as it is most commonly used in the diminutive form, though
it may also be employed in the feminine abore —
ibore, a thing iboro, things
ikoku, a child iidwe, children
So too
ekinok. dog ikin'ok, puppy
anayit, a blade of grass iiia, iveeds
amoru, a stone imoru, a pebble
The Generic Plural.

Many nouns have a second form of the plural the ordinary ;
form is used to denote specific individuals, the secondary

form indicates the entire class of objects mentioned.
Singular. Specific Plural. Generic Plural.
akwapu, koid akwapin, count rg akwapislnei, the world

etuan, person itun'a, people itun'asinei, nutnkind
ibore, thing iboro. things iborosinei, creation
Derogative Forms.
By the insertion of -dio- after the initial vowel the sense of

a little, a small quantity is given.
adiokinetikusi, a little of your oil
idiobore, a hit of a thing
(f. the adverbs

nediokasilon. a little way
nediocici, a little time
and the verbal forms on p. 40.
CASE.
Ateso nouns for the most part do not possess more than one
case, but some have a locative form. This is made
(a) By dropping the initial vowel. •
aparan, a day paran, by day

akware, a night kware, by night
etogo, a house togo, in the house
akuju, the sky kuju, abore, in the sky
{b) By changing
the initial vowel of masculine nouns to
o or ko, theformer generally with verbs denoting motion, the
latter mostly stative
ejai komesa, it is on the table

koloma olugudo, go out into the high road.
(c) By prefixing k to feminine nouns

eboyoto kakipoyls, they sat in the kitchen.
Nouns of (6) formation often add the preposition to ma

after the locative prefix ko-, never after o
kotometaokc, within his heart.
Genitive Case. —
The Possessive case is formed in Ateso by
the use of the preposition ka = of; the noun of the possessor
always follows that of the tiling possessed
Okoku ka Elohim, the Son of God
or more definitely—
cteiepat Ifika Kmusutrnt, the European's boy.
ADJECTIVES.
Strictly speaking there are no true adjectives in the Ateso

language, tlieirplace being supplied by verbs in relative form.
They are made by the addition to the '•present tense of the
verb of one of the relative pronouns Ic-, loka-, in the masculine
class, ne-, )iaka-, in the feminine, i/i-nl- in the diminutive.
Some of the commonest of these adjectives are as follows—
Sing. Plur. English.

legogon' luegogon' strong
lewuryana luewuryaka short
lebenen luebenenak light
lerono lueroko bad
lepolo luepolok great
ledlt luedlsyak small
lerenan lueren"ak red
lokakwanan lukakwan'ak u'hite
lokitetet lukitetak new
lokapolon lukapolok big, important
letyono luetyoko difficult
lokawojaii lukawojak long, fall
lerl iuerlete crooked
Similarly we have
Feiii. Diittin.
nerono yenirono
nedit yenidit
nakapolon yenlkapolon
nakawojan yenikawojan and so forth
There are one or two formed in a similar manner from

nouns.
lokilyoklt hiale
naberu fenude
21
The forms compounded with the relatives le-, ne-, corre-

spond generally to the English indefinite article, while the
loka-, naka- forms correspond to the definite article, e. g. —
Mam akoto imelekes lumojon", koseonu lukagogon'.
/ do not want old hoes, pick out the strong ones.
Kotwana akiten' nedit ? Mam, nakapolon nakiryonon.

Was it a small cow that died / No, the big black one.
Some adjectives are formed from transitive verbs with the

relative as above and the termination -at or -et.
egoye lokiyenet cloth for tying, ba)idage;from akiyen,

to tie
ekiya lokiloset medicine for washing, lotion

ekiya lomatat medicine for dri)iking
akiboyis nekiyen'et a resting-place
ibore yenltubet a thing to cut with
Adjectives always follow the noun (jualified, as in the

phrases given above. Sometimes another noun may follow
the adjective, limiting its application to the main subject,
e. g.~-
ejakait lepolo asyanut a rerg gracious chief, literally

a chief great as to his grace.
itun"a Iwedisyak akiyuwuni men of Utile faith
itomeyi luewojak ikumos elephants irith long tru)iks
It may Ix' noted heie that the letter

always characteristic
I is
of the masculine gender, the letter n of the feminine, whether

at the beginning oi' end of a word. So we have already seen
the adjectival jjrefixes commence with I in the masculine and
n in the feminine, and it will be noted that the demonstrative
pronouns n'ol, n'ini, nul, n'un, are characterized by the same
letters at the end. The diminutive class has its distinctive
prefix ye)d in the singular, but in tlio plui-al always follows
the agreements for the masculine.
—
Numerals. Ateso possesses numerals up to 100, but after
that is obliged to borrow foreign words. The numbers up to
five are the basis of the whole system of notatioii, six being
five and one, seven five and Iwo, and so foitli.
Cardinals.
Masc. Fein. Dim.

1. ediopet adiopet yenidiopet
2. iaie aaie
3. iinii auni as masc.
4. iun'won aun'wou
5. ikan akafi
6. ikankape akankape
7. ikaukaare akankaare
8. ikafikauni akankauni
9. ikankaiin'won akaiikauirwon
10. itonioii atomon
11. itonion kape atomoii kape
20. akaisareyi
30. akaisauni
and so on through the tens, the same in all classes.

The intermediate numbers take the gender agreements in
the units
Masc. Fern.
33. akaisauni ka huini akaisauni ka nuuni
64. akaisakankape ka hiuu'won akaisakaiikape ka luiun'
won
81. akaisakaiikaunika lodope akaisakankauni ka uadope
100. akaisatomon, or akwatat
200. akaisatomon aare, or akwata
aare
For one thousand and onwards words have been borrowed

from Luganda
1000. elukumi
2000. ilukumln iare.
Above this there areno forms in common use, but the

easiest to adopt are perhaps the following
10,000. arita, a translation of the Luganda word omutwalo,
a load of shells, which in the days before the introduction of
coinage numbered 10,00(^).
100,000. akasiripu, a transliteration of the Luganda
akasiriru.
Beyond this it is at present impossible to count in Ateso.
Ordinals.
3Iasc. Fein. Dim

1st losodit nasodit yenisodit
2nd lokiaret nakiaret yenikiaret
3rd lokhvuniet nakiwuniet venikiwuniet
4tli lokwononet nakwon'onet
10th lokitomonet
20tlilokakaisareyi
35th lokakaisauni ka lukafi
39th nakakaisauni ka nukan kaun'won
and so forth in all classes.
Adrerhial.
Oi(ce, atipet.
Twice, akatenak aare
and so on. This form is not, however, used very frequently;

a much more common usage is to employ the word irwana.
abu kobu irwana aare he came twice

kosubu kAvan'ini irwana akan do this five times.
In the same way

irwana ipu (/ did it) many times.
irwana ai ? How many times {did you do it) /
Interrogative Adjectives.
Like other adjectives these follow the noun (|ualified.
Masc. Frill.
enoina, irhich ? aiioina

PI, inoika anoika
imwasayi, hoiv many / aniwasayi
or iniwayi amwayi
iyau enHMckek enoina ( irhich sheep hare you brouyht ?
igela arupivana aniwavi ^ for how many rupees do you
sell it?
Comparison.
There are no separate forms for the comparative and
superlative degrees, and these must be expressed by para-
phrases.
The comparative degree is usually indicated by the ase of
the verb akitelekarlt =
to surpass.
ekakin'ok etelekarit lokoni mi/ dofj is hi(/(/er tJuDi yours
Or in relative construction
akiten' na n'es netelekarit this coir is the bigger
The sui)erlative mav be indicated bv the addition of kcre

= all—
etogo n'ol n'es letelekarit tliat house is the biggest of
kere (dl
Or merely by apposition
ibore yenlclcl hai ? yenicici which is the stnaUest ? this
bo yen is the sinaUest
It will be noted that when an adjective is in simple ap-

position in English, in Ateso the adjective becomes a verb in
direct construction, the relative prefix dro piping off and the
copula being omitted.
erono ayep the axe is had
ewuryaka iphino the poles are short
But the definite form of the adjective is used in apposition,

generally with the copula n'es, Jces, when in English the
adjective is preceded by the definite article.
etun'anan elo n'es lokapolon this man is the headman.

akitor nu kes nukalan'iriok these trees are the heavy ones.
VEEBS.
The verb is the most important part of speech in the Ateso

language, supplying many deficiencies in other parts of
speech at the same time it is both complicated and irregular
;
in its conjugation. The forms given here appear to be those

in most general use, but there is much local variation of
usage, and it is difficult to obtain any general consensus of
opinion as to the relative correctness of some formations.
There are seven different classes of verbs, which are dealt
with separately below, as well as a number of irregular and
defective verbs. Apart from their classification according to
conjugation, verbs are also divided into strong and weak
this division is not according to termination, both strong and
weak verbs being included in the various classes.
Strong verbs take- —
1. a- as the prefix of the infinitive.^
2. a- as personal pronoun in the first and third ])ersons
singular and the third persoii plural.
3. ko- as prefix of the imperative, La- in first person of
the subjunctive.
4. eka- as prefix of the veibal noun denoting agent.
Weak verbs take—

1. aki- or ai- as prefix of the infinitive.
2. e- as pronou)! infirst and third persons as above.
3. ki- as imperative prefix, ke- in subjunctive.
4. eke- or eki- as prefix of verbal noun.
So in the strong verb fur lo (/o we have

J. aioslt, injitiitire.
2. alot, lie /la.s (joiie.
3. kolot !
(JO ! kaloto, let us (jo.
4. r-kalotan, n f/oer, irarcller.
'
With II few (xc('j)1 inns, mostly inniiosylliil ic roots.
20
A HANDBOOK OF TUV. ATESO LAXCUAGE 27
In tlie weak verb for fo agree we have

1. akiyiiwuni, iiijiuilive.
2. eyuwunit, he agrees.
3. kiyu ! agree ! keyuwutu, lei us agree.
4. ekeyuwunan, a believer, one who agrees.
In all inflexions of tense, etc., verbs are classified apart

from the division into strong and weak, only pronominal and
other prefixes being afltected by that division.
Moods and Tenses.
There are five moods, each containing one tense, with the
exception of the Indicative which has six main tenses.
Indicative.
1. Present Indefinite, efiakuni, / bring back.

2. Present Imperfect, enakunit, / am bringing back.
3. Future, eiiakimi nat or Iwaru, I slmll bring back.
4. Perfect, eiiaku, / have brought back.
5. Past, abu kiiiaku, / brought back.
6. Past Imperfect, abala eiiakuni, / teas bringing back.
In many verbs the two present tenses are identical, and in

all the future requires an adverb, nat for near time, livaru
or molo for time more or less distant.
Infinitive. akiiiakuui or ainakuni, lo bring back.

Imperative. kiiiaku, bring back. See also p. 37.
Subjunctive, keiiaku, that I may bring back.
Conditional. Past Tense, tikiiiaku, / should have brou{)ht hack.
Conjugations.
1.
Conjugation 1 includes all verbs having the termination

-uni in the infinitive and present indicative singular. Those
which denote motion imply that the motion is in the direction
of the speaker.
Strong. Weak.
alomuni, to come in or out akiyuwuni, to arjree
ayauni, to bririff aikamuiii. to catch hold of
aafiuni, to see akinakuui, to bring hack
alimuni, to tell akiituni, to remember
Indicative Mood.
Present tense. I bring back. Future. / shall bring back.
enakuni kinakuni enakunfiiat orhvaru,

iiiakuni iilakunete etc., as Pi'esent.
enakuni enakunete
Present Imperfect. / am bringing hack.
enakunit kiuakunit
inakuuit inakunite
enakunit enakunite
Perfect. / have brought back. Weak. Strong.
enaku
Past. / brought back.
abu kifiaku apotu kinakutu

Conditional Mood.
tikinaku tikinaku
tikinaku tikinakutu
tikinaku tikiiiakutu
Some transitive verbs in this class can be used intransi-

tively, and then the termination of the perfect and past
indicative are as follows—
Perfect, adaun pi. adaunos

Past. kodaun kodaunos
The imperative follows the past tense.
There are also some intransitive forms in -uni of verbs in

Class 5, which follow this conjugation.
elelebata, they filled, but elelebunos, (hey are full

ecanicanete, they spoil, l)ut ecanucanunos, they are spoilt
Conjugation 2.
This class contains verbs having the termination -ari in

the infinitive and present indicative singular. Those which
denote motion imply that the motion is in the direction away
from the speaker, the opposite of verbs in Class 1.
Strong.
alomari, to go in or out
apari, to stray
an 'ari, to open
30 A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO tANGUAGE
Past. / went out.

abu kolonia apotu kolomasi Same in all persons.
Past Imperfect. / was going out.

abala alomari kibala kilomari
ibala ilomari ibalasi ilomarite
abala alomari abalasi alomarite
Imperative Mood. Go out.
koloma kolomasi
Subjunctive Mood. That I may go out.

kaloma kalomasi
koloma kolomasi
koloma kolomasi
Conditional Mood. I should have gone out.

tikoloma tikolomasi Same in all persons.
Conjugation 3.
Class 3 contains verbs having the termination -ori in the

infinitive and present indicative singular. If motion is implied
it is in the direction away from the speaker, as in Class 2, e. g.
abon'ori to go back (abon'uni, to come back).
Strong.
A HANDBOOK OF THP: ATESO LANGUAGE 31
Past. / touched.
abu kotiro apotu kotiro.si Same in all persons.
Past Imperfect, / was touchiiiff.
abala atirori kibala kitirori, etc., as above.
Imperative Mood. Touch.

kotiro kotirosi
Subjunctive Mood. That I may touch.
katiro katirosi
kotiro kotirosi
kotiro kotirosi
Conditional Mood. I should have touched.

tikotiro tikotirosi Same in all persons.
Conjugation 4.
This includes all verbs ending in -ini, mostly the pre-

positional forms of verbs in other classes. See further on
p. 41.
Strong. Weak.
aosikini, to let go ainevini, to leave
agolokini, to shut up akiyapakini, to go gently
Indicative Mood.
Present Tense. / tell. Future. / shall tell.
aliniokini kilimokini aliniokini nat or hvaru,

ilimokini ilimokinete etc., as Present.
aliniokini alimokinete
Present Imperfect. I nm telling. Perfect. / have told.

(often wanting) alinioki kilimoki
termination -it, -ito as ilinioki ilimokis
in conjugation 3 alimoki alimokis
Past. / told.
abu kolimuki aputu kulinioki.s Same in all persons.
Past Imperfect. / was telling.

abala kolimukiui, etc., as in other conjugations
32 A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAG-E
Imperative Mood. Tell.
kolimoki kolimokis
Subjunctive Mood. That I may tell.
kalimoki kalimokis
kolimoki kolimokis
kolimoki kolimokis
Conditional Mood. / should hace told.
tikolimoki tikolimokis Same in all persons.
The xerh aineyini (to leave) differs in some tenses from this
conjugation. The perfect is eiie; plural, eneyis ; past and
imperative, hine, hineyis.
Conjugation 5.
The verbs of this conjugation mostly have roots ending in

a consonant, to which -i is added in the present indicative
when the final consonant of the root is -t, it changes to s in
the present indicative, e. g. akimat (to drink), amasi (I drink).
There are a few verbs also which have a final vowel in the
infinitive, viz. those which have roots ending in -r, e.g. akeri
(to run).
Strong. Weak.
akeri,run ainom, strike
akimat, drink aswam, work
aisub, do akillp, ask for
Indicatice Mood.
Future. I shall drink.
amasi nat or Iwaru,
etc., as Present.
J'leseiit Imperfect.
No separate forms.
ta Same in all persons.
Past Imperfect. 1 was drinking, abala amasi, etc.

A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAGE 3;j
Imperative Mood. Drink.

komat koniata
Suhjunctive Mood. That I inaij drink.
kamat kamata
koniat komata
komat koniata
Conditional Mood. / should have drunk.
tikomat tikomata Same in all persons.
Conjugation 6.
This class contains verbs which in the present describe

a process and in the past or perfect the state which is the
result of that process they provide, in the relative form, the
;
adjectives previously explained on p. 21. The present tense

ends in -ori, -ari, usually preceded by the letter -n,-, which
changes in the plural to -k-. The verb atwanare (to die) is
peculiar in having a plural form of the infinitive, atwakare,
probably a survival of many such forms, though it appears
to be the only one now in use. It is employed when the
subject of the main verb is in the plural, e. g. —
ekotosi atwakare they are likely to die.
Some of the verbs in this class are
apolori, to grow big making the adjective, lepolo,
lokapolon
awojari, to lengthen making the adjective, lewoja,
lokawojan
akonori, to ripen making the adjective, lekono,
lokakonon
awuryanari, to gel short making the adjective, lukewur-
yaka (plur.)
Indicative Mood.
Past. / died.
abu kotwana apotu kotwaka Same in all persons.
Past Imperfect. / was dying, abala atwani, etc.
Imperative Mood. Die.
kotwana kotwaka
Subjunctive Mood.
Subjunctive Mood. That I may heat.
kebun'a kebun'ata
kibun'a kibun'ata
kibun'a kibun'ata
Conditional Mood. I should have beaten.

tikebun'a tikebun'ata Same in all persons.
Verbs in -oyi make the plural of the perfect, etc., in -oto

instead of -ata. Akiye (to sow) has koeyata in the imperative
plural, while akiye (to sing) makes koeyoto.
NOTES ON THE MOODS AND TENSES.
Ferfect Indicative. The secondary form in -na in this
tense in Conjunction 1 isusually employed after the adverb
eroko, erin'a —
eroko eyauna he has not yet brought it.
This formation is also found in Conjugation 4.

Past Indicative. The auxiliary abu, apotu, is frequently
omitted sometimes it appears to give the force of a pluperfect
;
tense.
This tense suffers modification in termination when used in
relative phrases.
A. After a relative pronoun the forms in use are

Conj. 1. S. kenakuni Conj, 5. S. komasi
PI. keiiakunete PI. komasete
Conj.
The A forms are also employed to indicate continuous past

action, e. g.-—
kicoraki abon'uni kolosi
/ told him to come hack, and he kept going on.
The B forms appear in an adjectival phrase without a

relative pronoun, e. g.
—
emame eon' ibore atwaria
/ have nothing to wipe it with.
lit., There is not to me a thing which impes.
Imperative Mood. When a command is given which is

not to be carried out immediately or which involves con-
tinuous action, the terminations of the Present Indicative
may be employed, the usual Imperative prefix being retained.
e. g. kinakutu ekameleku, bring back my hoe
but kinakunete ekameleku, bring back my hoe {whenever
you take it).
Subjtnwtice. In deliberative queries the subjunctive is not

used but the Present Indicative, as in English the future
tense.
e. g. enakuni ? shall I bring it back ?
Negatives. The usual negative is mam,

whicli precedes the
verb ; in the Conditional Mood it follows the prefix ii- :
—
mam alosi, / do not go ti mam kaloto, / should not have
gone.
In the Imperative the negative is formed by prefixing

siri- to the forms given in the conjugation. When it is
desired to express an absolute or continuous prohibition
the Imperative prefix ki- or ko- is omitted and the repetitive
aflBLx -nene is added.
sirikoara ekin'ok do not kill the dog

siriarenene thou shalt not kill
In the subjunctive mood the negative mam is not used, but

the auxiliary verb aineyini to leave off, not to do :
kineyi aibirori that I may not fall

kineyis atwakare that you may not die
Passive Voice.
In Ateso verbs this voice is defective; there are a few
regular passive forms, others have to be supplied by the
reversal of the clause, the subject of the passive verb becoming
the object of an active one.
Infinitive. In Classes 1-4 the final -i of the infinitive
active is changed to -io, and in Class 5 -io is added to the
final consonant
apedori, to he able apedorio, to be possible

awuri, to bear awurio, to be born
aisub, to do aisubio, to be done
Indicative. The same termination -io is employed in the

present and future, singular and plural in all persons
nen'adakinio ikaru luipu laid up for many years
In the perfect -o or -no is added to the final vowel

luen'alao those who have been deceived
' eyeneno ekeki the door is fastened
As a general rule the reversal of the clause is preferred, or

the substitution of impersonal forms in the third person
plirral.
So for he was beaten we have kinomai, they beat him.
Objective Forms.
When the object of a verb is a personal pronoun, the separ-

able forms of the pronouns are very commonly used, and
always when emphasis is to be laid on the pronoun. The
prefix of the past tense, however, may be varied to express a
pronominal object, as follows v ^^
When the subject is / and the object is thee, you or them,
or when the subject is he and the object me, the prefix is ka
for strong verbs and ke for weak verbs.
The prefix is ki in the following cases
When subject is thou and object me, him or us
„
'
,, he „ ,, us or you
,, ,. w^ „ „ thee
., ,. you „ „ me
,, ,, they „ „ me, us
When the subject is they and the object thee, him or you,
the termination -ai is added in the case of verbs of the 5th
Class— ^ftx tc^..(<i^ '
'"^
e.
(J.
konukai, they buried him '^"'-^''
kibun'ai ? did they heat you ?

' ' " •
^
In tlie Imperative mood also the termination -ai is employed

to express the personal objective pronoun when the object is
in the first person either singular or plural
e. g. kiyuwunai, believe me ,
kolemarai, take away from me
The use of these forms does not appear to be at all regular

or definite among the Teso people, who themselves admit that
great laxity exists in the way they are employed. It therefore
is impossible to give exact rules for the formation of the
objective verbal prefixes.

NOTES ON DERIVATIVE VERBAL FORMS.
Derogative. By the addition of -di after the personal
pronoun or after the infinitive prefix the meaning of jxist a
little is given, diminishing the force of the verb.
akoto adipejo I rvant to go and pay just a little visit.
Repetitive. By
the addition of affixes Ateso verbs make
forms which imply that the action is repeated many times.
Verbs in -ari and -ori insert -va-, -no- before the final -ri or
-si. Other verbs change the final vowel to enene in the singular
and enenete in the plural.
amasenene, / always drink
imasenenete, yoii always drink
akin'itanari, to ask {often)
alimonokini, / tell {repeatedly)
Reciprocal. These forms are not well defined, being merely
developments of the use of the repetitive forms.
So akin'itanari may also mean to ask one another.
Sometimes the na is reduplicated
akinon\ananari, to heat one another.
The addition of honiki often helps to make the meaning
more clear.
Verbs in -kini, when used with reciprocal meaning, take
the termination -kinos instead of -his in the past and impera-
tive.
kotukokis, gather them together kotukonokinos, assemble
kisyarakis, scatter the)n kisyarakinos, disperse
kibirokis, throiv them down kibirokinos, fall down
Verbs in Classes 2-5 when used in a reciprocal sense also
make forms in -os in the past and imperative,
kotcmanaros, they said to one another
kin'itanaros, they (tsked one another
kotyakaros, they separated from <))k' another
kotironoros, to^tch one another
40
— — — —
Prepofiitional. These forms take the place of prepositions

in other languages, and are formed by the addition of -kini
to the root or stem.
aibirori, to fall aibirokini, to fall into

aswani, to work aswamakini, to work for
aibwa, to put away aibwayikini, to jmt into
To the prepositional affix may be added the affix ori

denoting piocess e. g.
—
adekakinori to get ill at {a place)
Prepositional verbs.
(rt) localise action
ebiroki akipan he has fallen into the hole

kotwanikini kokitoi He died on the cross
(b) Pass action over to the subject, when in English a
preposition would be required —
ekonakini n'es erono he treats him badlg
epoyikini itelepai he cooks for the bogs
Reflexive. By the addition of boni or elopet to a prepositional

verb a reflexive meaning is given
enomakini elopet he hit himself

itubokinete nat boniki you'll cut yourselves in a moment
Reduplicated. Some verbs have a reduplicated form

expressing intensified or repeated action
ainom, to strike ainomanoma, to give a beating
Sometimes the meaning of the reduplicated form is figurative

ailamalama, to jump to and fro, i. e. be i)i doubt.
Causative. Where in English the auxiliary to make is

employed to convert an intransitive verb into a transitive
one, Ateso verbs prefix to the root -ta, -te, -ti (or -si), -to. -tu
(or -sw), according to the first vowel of the root—
akialama, to rejoice akisialama, to cause to rejoice
akijara, to live akitajara, give save life, to
aanuni, to see akitaanuni, cause to see, appear
akilek, to voniil aisilek, cause to vomit
Sometimes by a combination of the causative and pre-

positional forms amore or less new idea is introduced
akitedekakini, to sham illness
akitironikini, to put oneself in the wrong, repent
Note the idioms

akitiwara akwapu, to make dark come on = do all day long
akitiwalari akwapu. make day dawn = do all night
Note also that all causative verbs are weak in formation,

even when formed from strong verbs.
kodoka, climh up : but kitodoka, take it up
koloma, go out ; hut kitoloma, take it out
Irregular Verbs.
Asmost languages, the verb
in to be in Ateso has its tenses
made up from various roots
Infinitive. Aluori or arauni, to be (or become).
Indicative. Present. I am.
The verb to he is also used in Ateso for to hare, there being

no separate verb
ajai ba eon' etogo / have a house
For the negative not to have the negative copula is used
emame eon' akiten' / have not a cow
The conjugation of the verb to come is very irregular.

Infinitive. Abunere or abunori, to come
Present Indicative. / come. Present Imperfect. / am coming.
abuni
ibuni
abuni
PRONOUNS.
Personal. The full forms are as follows
/ eon' we oni, syo
thou jo you yes
he nes. n'es theij kes
These are both subjective and objective syo excludes the

;
person addressed, while ovi includes him or them

kikoto syo aiboyikini kane, koloto yes
we want to remain here, you go
but—
aiiarit oni kere
he is calling all of lis
There are also shorter forms which are only used in combina-
tion with verbs, except in the past tense
/ a-, e- ive ki-

thou i- yoit i-
he a-, e- they e-, a-
These forms are subjective only: in the first and third

persons a- is used with strong verl)s and e- with weak verbs.
The addition to the separable forms of boni, plural honiki,
makes the pronoun myself, etc.
eon' bonI, / myself
yes boniki, you yourselves or by yourselves.
Possessive. The ordinary form of these is inseparable,

being inserted after the initial vowel of the noun or affixed
to the noun.
niy -ka- our -wok-, -kclsi-
Ihy -koni- your kusi—
his -ke- their -kec-
So e-ke-kirore his Tianie, or e-kirore-ke.

The first and third persons singular have an emphatic

fuiin 1can\ ken\ wliich is only used affixed to a noun, never
after the initial vowel
; e. (j. ekirorekau' my name.
In the first person plural the form -wok refers to oni and
kosi to syo. Care must obviously be exercised in the use
of these words ; to refer to meat as awokakirbi would invite
all to partake ; if the meat is to be reserved for the speaker
and his companion he must use akosikirin'. So brothers

would speak to each other of their father as papawok, but in
prayer to God we must address Him as Papakosi.
There is also a separable form of the Possessive, used in
apposition or when the noun is omitted
Masc
Elopet corresponds to the English emphatic self, implying

self and not some one else, while honi implies that the person
is alone in the action, and is often the equivalent of only.
e.g. kolot ejakait elopet, the chief went himself,

i. e. instead of sending a message,
but eon' aswamai boni, / am ivorking by myself.

and
etepi edowu ? mam, ekwam boni
is it raining ? no it is only wind.
Any. n'ol n'in n'in
the form n'in is used with the word etuan, instead of the
masculine.
So and so. enan'i lunan'i emutan lukamutan
Interrogative. Who ? na'i (all classes)
plural lukan'ai . nukan'ai
What ? no.
The adjectival forms are given under adjectives.

Relative.
Subjective indefinite.
loi- lue- nai- nue- yeni- lue-
le ne
Definite.
loke- luke- nake- nuke- yenike- luke-
Objective.
lo- lu- na- nu- yeni- lu-
So
ekilyokit loijeni akisoma, a man that can read
akituku nukewuriete lolo, tlie cows which have borne calves
to-day.
the man I beat, etuan lo enomi eon'

the man who beat me, etuan lokenomi eon'.
The indefinite forms describe, or are adjectival, while the

definite forms identify, are relatival.
etuan lesubi amoti, a mart that makes fots

etuan lokesubi amoti, the man who made the pots.
A HANDBOOK OF TH K ATKSO LANCJUAOE 47
A relative pronoun cannot be governed in Ateso b}'^ a

preposition. So
the man I came with
becomes the ina)i who came icith me
etuan lokebu keon'
There can therefore be no possessive case of the relative,
like the English whose ; an ordinary possessive pronoun must
be used and the clauses co-ordinated instead of the relative
being subjected.
God, ivhose Son died for ks, is our Father
Elohim, Okoke katwanikini, n'es Papavvok.
Pronominal Copula. In the first and second person singular
thisis formed by the addition of o to the personal pronoun
in the other persons it is identical with the pronouns.

eon o oni or syo
jon'o yes
n'es or nes kes
Negative.
mere it is not
emame there is not
emamete there are not
or-
kemame kemameata
Deliberative form.
komame tJiat there may not be komameata
There is also a copula formed from the demonstrative
pronouns.
Masc. Fern.
lope lo this is he lupe lu, nape na . nupe nu
n'ope n'61 that is he n'upe n'ul n'lpe n'ini n'upe n'un
Also a form combined with the interrogative adverb of
place
Masc. Fern.
hali, where is ? hani, where is ?
halu, rchere are ? hanu, where are ?
hali bo ekakitabo ? where is my booh ?
n'ope n'ol, that is it.
The word imwasine, so many, answers the interrogative

imwasayi, how many ?
ADVERBS.
There are a large number of adverbs and adverbial expres-
sions made from nomis and verbs. A few have already been
noticed, but a full list is given here.
Adverbs of Place.
ai, hai, where ?
nen, mama, there {not far off)

n'ina, over there {at a distance)
lailo, laije, this side, that side
luwayi, this way
juwayi, that way, that side
ajesani, below there
kamelwana, far off
eyapye, near
kotoma, inside
kokidin', in the middle
lali, where ^
kane, ne, here
kuju, above
kokuju, outside, on the top
kin 'a, kokin'a, outside
kau, behind
togo, in the house
okitela je, on yonder hill, on the other side of the water or valley
ore, at home, in the village
orekoni, orekusi, at thy home, at your home
okaleka, okalekoni, etc., at my place, at thy place, etc.
obuwok, obukusi, etc., at our home, your home, etc.
namaka, namake, with or to me, him
nenice, elsewhere
Adverbs of Time,
woii, when ?
nat, soon, shortly

nati kwana, nati kwapukwana, now, at once
48
moi, ill the tnorniiu], lo-tnorrow

taparacu, tapurucu, early, veri/ earhj in the morning
moi kace, tlie day after to-niorrow
byan, ijesterdaij
lolo, to-day
ebon', nat ebon', this afternoon
Iwarn, molo, in the future, some time
kolo, kolosek, lony ayo
sek, already
koloje, the other day
ber, first, to hey in with
kanen, then
atipet, immediately
iiapejia, just now, on this occasion
kokau, afterwards
eroko, erin'a, not yet, still
nan, just now, a moment ago
n'ini paian, every day
paran, by day, at nt id-day
kware, at night
kidin'ebai, at midnight
anieari nat, henceforth ; lit. to start from now
asona, rery long ago
Eroko, erina wlien used without a verb are always negative

in meaning.
eriira eswaniai I is he still working /
but—
abu ? eroko, has he come / not yet.
Adverbs of Manner.
noi, noi noi, rery much
kwan'ini,kwapu kwan'ini, thus, in that way
kwana, kwapu kwana, so, just so, in this way
nepenen, like that, just so
cut, utterly, entirely
cut cut, rerily, assuredly
obe, atiari, thus (to introduce or quote speech)
atai, atai atai, in rain, gratis, anyhow
bobo, again
D
kojokan, tvell
kotenan, straight
erono, hadly
kadeden'u, fierce! ij
Atiari is generally used to introduce a fresh speech ehe ;
introduces a quotation of past speech. The latter may be

used without a verb, e. g.-^
ebe ai ? what did he say ?
ebala ebe alot ejakait ? did he say the chief had gone ?
ebe, that is ivhat he said.
The interrogative adverb hoiv ? is expressed by means of

the verb ekoni, with the adverb ai or hai.
how is he ? ekoni ai ?
hoic did he die ? ekoni etwana ai ?
how did they do it ? kikote esubete ai ?
The same auxiliary is used with other adverbs,

ekoni kwana, it is just like that
kikoni nepenen, let it be so, very well
CONJUNCTIONS.
kofie, hut
arai, if
arai —arai, eiiher —or
narai, because, for, since
nabarai, except
karaida, neither, nor
kwape, even as .
kwaka, bala, like, as if, about

ido, da, also
ka, and
kwabo, moreorer, whereas (only with a negative)
kanu ki no ? why ?
ko, whereas (only with a negative)

akiro na, for the reaso)i that
kosodi, the)i, next
koiien, then
kama, ivhere
netinan, since (of recent time)
netikolo, ever since {of time more distant)
akitodol, until
After kimpe the relative form of the past tense must be

used, see p. 36,
Akitodol is really an infinitive, meaning "to reach to."
Kosodi is declinable and has a plural form kosoete, also a

deliberative kasodi, knsodete used before subjunctives.
All conjunctions are placed first in the sentence, with the
"
exception of da, which follows the noun or verb. " Therefore
is usually expressed by the use of n'es followed by a verb in
relative form.
kwape kolo kiwudikakinia, as you wrote to me

kosoete koloto Akumi, theij next went to Kiimi
kasodete karata ekirididi, so that we may next plant maize
kiboyikini kane akitodol nabunio, sit here till I come
n'es kiyatakinia arupiyana atomon, therefore I add ten rupees
akoto emerekek da, / ^cant a sheep too
akoto da emerekek, / also want a sheep
PREPOSITIONS.
These are almost absent from Ateso.

ka, of, with, at
toma, under, inside
kanu ka, because of, on behalf of
nepepe ka, together with ; also nenipe ka is found
WTien a pronoun follows kanu ka, the ka combines with the

personal pronoun to form a possessive pronoun. So kanu ka
oni becomes kanuuok, kanaka kes becomes kanukec.
The want of prepositions is mainly supplied by the pre-
positional forms of the verbs, which see, p. 41. For, in, to,
are mostly expressed by these forms. There are also a few
phrases which take the place of English prepositions.
To and with a person are expressed by the phrase mama ejai.
koya abaluwa mama ejai Emusun'ut.

take the letter to the European.
kiboyiki mama ejaas itelepai.
stay with the boys.
In is expressed by :
(a) prepositional verbs

ebirokini akipaii
he falls into the hole
(6) locative case of nouns

ejai togo
he house
is in the
akinan' eperi ocore
the crocodile lives in the river
After the verb to be in is not expressed always

ejaas alaru, they are in the yard.
INTERJECTIONS.
yoga, how do you do / farewell ! well done !
ekoni bai, very well, never mind
bo, ba, ca, then, well
jo ba je, jo ba lo, / say, you there
mam, be, no
eebo, eeca, yes
aso, very good, all right, just so
wu, 0, in addressing a person
wu okwe, Ah, you then
otukwi, oh dear ! well I never !
\s.\\&nm\, just so.
Yoga is the universal greeting at all times of the day, and

is also used for congratulation and thanks or for commendation.
Bo and haare constantly interjected in conversation without
apparently affecting the meaning of what is said.
After the general greeting yoga, enquiries may be made as
to health, etc. The dialogue may run as follows
yoga, how do .<*
yog^i • ^'om; do ?
iperi ejok ? do you keep well ? aperi ejok; Jo da ? yes ; and
you ?
in'ali jo i are you in health .<'
an'ali bo, quite well thanks
yoga noi noi, best salaams ! yoga noi noi, mine to you !
Otukwi is used to expiess any strong emotion such as

disiiust or astonishment.
ATESO-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Words marked with an asterisk are of foreign origin, and
are chiefly derived from Luganda many are Arabic in origin
;
and come into Ateso throngh the medium of Kiswahili and

Luganda. AVords hyphened as -hon'ori are incomplete as
they stand and require a prefix or suffix, such as a personal
pronoun.
Verbs are given in the infinitive, the prefix being added to
distinguish strong from weak verbs.
Nouns are given with the plural suffix added those that ;
may be either masculine or feminine are usually given as

masculine.
Abbreviations used, other than those in general use, are as

follow
V. s. verbal substantive.
r. n. verb neuter or intransitive.
r, prej). prepositional verb.
V. cutis. causative verb,
q. V. which is to be referred to.
abalan', -n'a, s,, salt abeya, abeyata ai, r. phrase,

abasan', -n'a, s., pointed stick u'/iere are, what has become
for (liffging, troirel of ^

abaton, -na, s., yam abiletait, -ta, s.,half. part, piece
abeet, -eyi, s., egg abilot, -oi, s., flute
abebenuk, -ka, s., uiiuj ablesit, -sin, ,s-., maid-servant
abeit, s., truth aboko, -oi, *•., shetl head-dress,
abelekek. -ka, *•., egg-shell coronet
abelekek kakou, .skull abokon, -ona, 6-,, jav
abelekek kebokorit. finger- abon'ut. -un. s., fig-tree. Ixirk-
nail cloth
abeler, s., a reputed apparition abor. s.. dee}) water
aberu, an "or, s., woman, wife abua, -ana, s., cave
53
abukyoit, -kyo, s., eyelid, adoteu, s., adultery

eyebrow, eyelash aduket, -ta, s., building
abulucasit, -ta, s., graze, bruise agada, -ana, s., reed
abulon, s. plur., pus agari, -rya, s., small fish
abus, -siono, s., abscess, boil agegit, -gin, s., bunch of grain
abuswa, -wai, s., big boiii tied up for seed
abwas, -sin, s., hedge agerasit, s., scar, old cut
*abyasit, -sin, s., cartridge, agiretait, -ta, s., comb {made
bullet of ox-rib)
acilit, -ita, s.,food agogon', V. s., strength, power
acin, excrement
s., agola, -ana, s., corner, angle
acin', -n'ana, s., fork of tree agougou, -uno, s., chameleon
root, between fingers agugut, -gu, s., grain of chaff
acocorot, -roni, s., partridge agule, adv., at back of house
acokit, -cok, s., potato agiirut, s., deep j)ool, well
acore, -rin, s., river, swamp Agwan', s., a female deity
acoroi, s., termites {lohite a)its) aikit, -ta, s., round pad, circle
acowa, -ana, s., sense, wisdom aipacetait, -ta, s., shaving,

acukut, -kunu, s., bellows chip
acunetait, -ta, s., lintel aisinit, -nin, s., brass bracelet
adakai, -ka, s., dregs aitakinet, s., dot, point
adaket, -ta, s., bier, litter ajakanut, s., kingdom
adam, s., brain ajan, -nin, s., broom
adapawo, -ono, s., porch,sides ajeme, -mi, s., sore, ulcer
of doorway ajesani, adv., below there

adatat, -tan, s., plot cleared ajis, -syo, v. s., war, cam-
of jungle paign
adayi, s., dust on the feet, dirt ajo, V. s., sleep
adeka, -esia, s., disease, sick- ajoket, -ina, s., demon, evil
ness spirit
adere, s., half gourd, bowl ajokis, V. s., goodness
aderut, -runo, s., osier ajon, -non, s., beer
adeodeo, -uno, s., harp ajore, -resinei, s., army
adiririet, s., syringe ajotet, s., early afternoon
*adirisa, -ana, s., window ajulot, -lo, s., feather, fur
aditot, -tono, s., valley ajwele, -leik, s., dove
adoket, -eta, s., ladder, bridge akal)o, *., umst
adokis, -sya, s., Uidder, climb- akabubuket, s., bark, peel,
ing place rind, a perch
adokitait, -ta, s., ladder, steps akabwa, -wayi, .s., botv {wea-
adote, -ya, s., adulteress, pon)
whore akacerit. -re, s., star
ATESO-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 5{>
akai, s., nest, hut akilelyan', -an'a, s., lizard

akais, number, price
s., akililyan, s., muscle of upper
akaisakan, nutn., fiftij arm
akaisareyi, num., twenti) akim, -my an, s., fire
akaisatomon, num., a hun- akimait, -ma, s., grain of
dred millet
akaisauni, num., thirty akiraat, amakio, s., old wo-
akaisauu'won, num., forty man
akakut, -ku, s., hailstone akimola, s., spittle
akale, -lei, s., spoon akimujo, s., eatables
akalele, s., Jlood, torrent akine, -eyi, s., goat
akalananut, i.\ s., weakness akiiian', -an'a, s., crocodiU
akalas, -sia, s., torch akinet, -eta, s., butter, oil
akainu, -musinei, s., dry akin'adis, s., store, treasury
season, drought akin'ol, an'olia, s., paddle
akan, -niii, s., hand, arm akiot, akwi, s., leaf, twig
akan, num., five akipom, -mya, ,s., adder
akaiikaare, num., seven akipaii, apana, s., hole
akaukape, num., six akipi, s. pi., icater
akankauni, num., eight akipoyis, s., kitchen
akafikaun'won, num., nine akiraruna, s., maid-servant
akape, s., bees' wax akirya, s. pi., flour
akapole, -les, s., navel, um- akiriridi, -din, s., armpit
bilicus akirin', -'no, s., meat, flesh
akasekiiiait, -iia, s., hornet akirin'aset, s., site
akasiripu, s., 100,000 akirot, -ro, s., word, reason,

*akatale, -lin, s., market matter, fault
akatenak, s. pi., times, occa- akiru, s., rain
sions akisim, s., thorny shrub
akaterot, s., cold akisorit, s., snake poi-
-rin,
akaye, s:, a rattle son ; pale patch in skin

akejililet,s., funnel, strainer akiswamis, s., cultivation, field
akeju, -jen, s., leg, foot akit, -ki,s., ear
akelenasit, s., wrist akitemis, s., measure

akenier, -rin, s., spot, blemish akiten', -tuku, s., cow, cattle
akiboyis, -syo, s., place akitoi, -tor, s., small tree,
akidaris, s., prison wood
akide, s.. East, acil akide, akitok, -tuke, s., lip, mouth
day has dawned akitutuket, s., agreement,
akikeyis, s., carpenter's shop covenant
*akikopo, -ono, s., cup *aki\vosis, s., place of toll,
akile, 6\ pi., milk, sap custom house
akiyo, s., tears akweye, s., hydrocele

akokoro, -roi, s., fowl, heri alacetait, -ta, s., key
akoku, s., daughter aladot, -doi, s., papyrus
akoli, -ino, s., cup alaro, s., courtyard
akolon', -n'isinei, 5-., sun, aleles, -sia, s., trench for flood
(laylight tvater
akon', -konen, s., eye ; spring aliborit, -rin, s., plantain
of tvater tree
akopirot, -ro, s., ostrich alii, s., jealotisy
feather, ])lume alokya, s., bait
akopiton, -pit, s., fibre, hark alos, s., threshed grain
for tying, ivick s., a journey
alosit, V.
akopyo, s. pi., dew alumaru, -uno, s., flute
akou, -kwes, s., head, top, root alun'urait, -ran, s., ear of
akoyik, -ka, s., belly ; apotye grain
akoyik, she is pregnant alup, s., earth, dust
akoyit, -ojo, s., bone alupot, s., clay
akuju, s., sky, heaven alyasit, -sin, s., root of tree
akujup, s., axe-haft amadi, s., wax of ear
akuletait, s., resin amaduli, -lin, s., hat
akulu, -ui, s., ostrich amagoro, s., jungle, wilder-
akunuma, -man, s., trap ness
akun', -ino, s., knee, joint amajorot, -ro, s., knot
akuraru, -runu, s., sheath, amakada, -ana, .s-., hollow
scabbard reed
akure, s., thirst ; kojaka *amakasi, *., scissors
akure, / ani thirsty amame, neg. cop., I am not
akurwoit, -rwo, s., white hair amana, s., field, tillage
akutar, 6., sharpened stick for amaianait, -na, s., rib
digging holes aniaten'et. 6., temple, side of
akwalikwali, s., diaphragvi head
akwan, awat, s., body, car- ameje, -jeiko, 6., deserted
case place
akwanis, s., edge, sharpness amen'eranut. v. s., malice
akwapisinei, the world anierekck, -kin, s., ewe, sheep
akwapu, -pin, s., ground, aniijiniijit, -ji, ,s-., tiny kind of
land, cowntry termite
akwara, -ras, s., spear amodin', -din'or, s., desert,
akware, -rasia, s., tnght uninhabited tract
akwatat, -ta, s., string of amodyalat, -lana, swallow .s-.,
beads, one hundred amoiten, -ena. bowel, in- .'<•..
akwcfi, -win, .s-., bird testine

ATESO-ENGLISH VOCAHULARY 57
amokat, -ka, s., sandal, shoe anayit, -na, s., blade of grass,
amoni, -neiko, s., forest piece of grass
amonou, -nono, s., piinipkin, aniporit, -rin, s., small bird
marrow like a sparroic
amori, -rio, s., duiker anul, -lia, s., hammer
amor it, -ri, s., sinew, rein anunura, s., anger
amorok, -kin, .s-., shaft of -afiuni, a-, r. tr., see, find,
spear, penholder obtain
amororu, s., uncle or aunt an'abet. -besi, s., waist, loins
anioru, -uno, s., stone, rock an'ajep, -pa, s., tongue
amoiwo, -rwos, s., thigh an'asyep, s., placenta
amot, -ti, s., pot, jar an'irit, s., gums, palate
amotot, -totin, ,v., pool, pond an'ololo, -lin, s., lake, sea,
*amuduinu, s., jug big river
amuge, -gei, s., centipede s., plural o/aberu
an 'or,
amugogot, -go, s., plantain an'un'ubet, 6-., an incomplete
leaf or fibre or partial thing
amukurat, -ran, s., dale, apaki, -kio, s., space, air,
small ravine opportunity, leisure
*amukyalat, -ana, 6., lady apama, -ana, 6., granary
amumwarat, -ra, s., horn aparan, -rasia, s., day
amunonut, v. s., hope, trust aparasia. adv., daily, day by
amufi, -nino, s., leather, strap, day
belt, skin aparis, s., strip of bark for
amuneret, -ren, s., scrap of tying
skin or hide -aparit, aki-, r. /(., act care-
ainuran, -ak, s., vwther-in- fully or gently, behave
law, sister-in-law apeape, adv., continually,
amuriat, 6., red biting ant persistently
amusala, -ana, .s., bulrush apecelo, -ono, s., lily
amuseno, -nun, ,s., hoe-handle apedot, -on, s., gap. opening,
amusoga, s., diite palm hole
amusun'ut, -n\in, *.. wound apeganut, v. s.. quarrelling.
amutono, v. s., darkness bad temper
amuye, -yeyi, s., fireftg apelepelet, -leni, s., butterjly
amvan, amyamoko, s., gaz- aperis, .v., sleeping place,
elle lodging
anapit, s., garment apese, -.suru, s., girl
aninayit, s., cloth, towel apesen, -na, s., debt
anwac, s., splenitis apinat, s.,Jlea offowl
-ananari, a-, v. tr., visit, go to apolou, ^•., greatness, im-
see, s^^pervise portance ; meanin/f
apora, s., shaulders, back arurwak, s., fat for smearing

{upper part) the body
apore, -ei, s., scar arwatat, s., wall of mud
-apu, aki-, v. n., he on point aryan'i, s., fallow ground
of, about to do aryokai, s., beads
apupu, -uno, s., hedgehog aryotit, -tin, s., rat-trap of
apuru, s., smoke, vapour, air falling slab of stone
apurukucut. s., knee-cap *asabimi, s., soap
apuserut, -unu, s., ividow asakat, s., savoury odour
aputo, V. s., image, likeness, asalabait, -ba, s., scab of sore
picture *asanit, -nin, s., plate, dish
aputon, s., level plain, sandy asapat, -pa, s., female infant
soil asara, s., big fire, furnace
aputyot, -tyo, s., ox-sinew aseit, -ito, s., p)eg
apwapwa, -ana, .s., crumb *asente, s., cent
Apyekamu, s., opening month aseremait, -ma, s., sweet
of drought, December nnllet cane
aragonit, -go, s., burnt grass asida, s., dregs of beer
stubble asigiria, -riai, s., donkey
arai, conj., if, perhaps asigirikolon', -n'a, s., adder
arait, -to, s., fruit, produce asimokok, -kon, s., spider
arakan, -nin, s., barroi wo- asin'e, s., sand,
man or animal Asio, s., a female deity
avamet, -ta, s., drum-stick asipan, -anin, s., flock, herd
arapetait, -ta., s., lid, cover asisiariu, s., cross roads
ararasit, -sia, s., crumb aso, inter]., well ! just so !
-are, num., two asomet, s., marrow

areren', -n'io, s., good luck, asoiia, adv., very long ago
blessing asoto, -toi, of
s., cover
arian, s., stubble of grain granary, umbrella
aiiri, s., shore, bank asowat, -wa, s., iron anklet,
arok, -ka, s., hump piece of iron
aroban'at, s., hunchback asuban, -ana, s., sacrifice,
arokan,-kana. s., thong, whip, offering
lace *asupulia, -ana, s., metal cook-
aronis, -sio, v. s., evil, sin, ing pot
danger asurupi, o. s., enmity, feud
arowot, -wi, s., iron collar aswalit, -lin, s., bullet
aroyet, -ta, s., mirror aswam, -isinei, v. s., work
arukit, -to, s., pestle asyanut, u. s., grace, kindness
anipepe, .s., trumpet, horn asyepai, s.,fat
*aiupiya, -ana, s., rupee atabo, -boi, s., bowl
ATESO-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 59
atabok, -ko, s., potsherd atotolet, -le, s., cinder, char-

atai, adv., in vain, anyhow coal, coal
lo atai, adj., ordinary, com- atuba, -bai, s., wooden dish,
mon platter
atakasit, s., blister atubetait, -ta, s., part, half
atakere, -rin, s., dug-out {cut)
canoe, boat atudot, .s., goose
atakwa, -wai, s., large jar atukos, -syo, s., place of
atala, s., venereal disease assembly, synagogue
atan, s., well atukot, -kono, s., crowd,
atap, s., cooked millet, bread Jiock, heap
atapara, -rin, s., broad river atunuru, s., roof of hut
atapeil, -eno, s., grindstone atupanit, nipple
s.,
atapin', -n'or, s., guinea fowl aturi, -rio, generation

s.,
atapon, s., leprosy aturot, -ru, s., blossom, flower.

atarukot, -on, s., vulture atweli, -in, s., long tail orna-
atatino, s., back of heel ment, tassel, fringe
atawoi, -oyo, s., wild cat atweiiit, atwentwen, s., spark
atawok, atak, s., calf atyaket, v. s., difference,
atebok, -ka, s., cracked pot distinction
atekat, -ka, s., foundation aujo, -joi, s., kraal
sticks in house aunu, -noi, s., rope
atekeie, -rin, s., clan, family aun'won, num., four
atenusu, -sor, s., drum awaket, -ta, s., udder
ateuut, -nuna, s., branch awaraga, -ana, s., fable, pro-
ateran, s., bride verb
ates, -esena, s., grave, tomb awasya, -syanin, s., end
atiari, conj., that {to introduce awayi, adv., at side of

speech) awayitin, at sides, at corners
atiba, s., rock awojat, -ja, s., grasshopper
atibo, -boi, s., bowl, dish awokit, s., scoop
atibolok, -ko, ,9., cracked pot awokot, s. pi., blood
atipe, s., beads awomis, -syo, v. s., thought
atipet, adv., immediately, aworet, s., cow-dung
suddenly, once awoyis, s., hymn book
atitibat, -ban, s., heel awu, s., bee
atukitoit, -to, s., rim, edge awujao, s., height
atomon, num., ten awinyanet, s., council, out-
atorobu, -bosyo, s., chest, side courtyard
bosom aye, v. imp., give me
atoroni, s., base of tree ayelit, -eni, s., cage
trunk ayepe, -peyi, s., axe

ayesu, s., jungle, long grass -birori; aki-, v. n., to fall

ayeyis, s., hymn book -bironori, v. tr., to throw down
ayile, s., irritating chaff of -bit, a-, V. n., be greedy
millet *biya, v. imper., come !
bobo, adv., again

-baka. a-, r. tr., to call, name -bok, ai, V. tr., to dig tip, dig
-bala, a-, r. n., to say hole, plant
-bama, aki-, v. n., to hare -bolya, a-, r. n., to play, jest
hcemorrhage -bokimi, a-, v. tr., to dig out
-bapa, aki-, v. tr., to slap, of ground
box ears boni, pi. boniki, pron.. self,
-bapebap, aki-, v. n., to clap only
hands -bon'ori, a-, v. n., go back,
-bara, a-, v. n., to be rich return
-bareii, a-, v. tr., to shave -bon'okini, v. prep., return
*batisa, aki-, v. tr., to baptize to. make answer to
-bawuni, a-, r. n.. to melt, -bon"iini, r. n., to come
(lissolre back
be ! interj., no ! -bos, ai-, r. n., to rot, go bad
-belori, aki-, v. tr., to turn, -boyi, aki-, v. n., to trait, re-
in vert main, sit
-belokini, v. n., to turn one- -boyikini, dotvn
r. n., to sit
self, turn round -bu, r. of past tense,

aux.,
-belonori, to exchange, e. g. abu kolot also jterf. ;
translate o/abunere
-beiien, a-, r. n., to be light, -bubukini, aki-, r. tr., to peg
easy, quick out, nail ; crucify
-benibena, aki-, r. tr., to cut -buburiari, a-, r. tr., to turn
in slices upside dotrn, upset
ber, adv., first -l)uc, a-, r. n., to slip off, slip
-bet, aki-, v. tr., to split throtigh ; to just miss, be
-beyikini, ai-, v. n., to turn near doing
out, result in. -buk, ai-, r. tr., to churn
-bila, a-, v. n. and tr., to break -bukori, a-, r. n. to pour,
-bilakini ebotet, to betray -bulori, a-, v. n., to burst
-bilil, ai-, r. n., to be bent -bulucari, a-, v. n., to be
over, crumpled up grazed
-hihnii, a-, r. tr.. to bargain, -hunere, a-, ?'. n., to come ;
state a price also abiiMori

-hinini, a-, r. tr., to stir up > -bun "a, aki-, v. tr., to beat
-hirihiri, aki-, r. tr., to pelt, -biisakiiii. aki-, r. prep., to
throw stones at behove, be fitting, right

ATESO-ENULLSH VOCABULARY Gl
-but, a-, V. tr., to peel off -canuiin, a-, v. tr., to agree to,
-butari, a-, v. ii., to be aulky, consent
purse lipa -cania, aki-, v. tr., to trouble,
-buuni, aki-, i\ n., to swell, be wrong, vex
sivollen -canicana, /;. tr., to spoil,
-bwa, aki-, o. tr., to hide, keep sin
-hwaikini, to put into -canicanmii, v. n., to be
-bwaikini etao, to pay spoilt
heed to, care -can'ican', aki-, v. tr., to
-bwalari, ai-, v. n., to be lazy, mash, pound
neglectful -cap, aki-, v. tr., to weed
-bwana, a-, v. n., to be -cat, aki-, v. n., to get better ;
cracked to be firm, hold fast

-bwan'uiii, v. n., to sprout, -cauui, a-, v. n., to shine
grow -cayikini, v. prep., to shine
-bwan'ibwau'a, v. tr., to upon, give light to
smoke over fire -ce, adj. and pron., other
-bwapit, aki-, /'. tr., to seek, -ceo, aki-, v. tr., to exchange
look for -cede, a-, v. n., to be clear, of
-bwatanakini, a-, o. prep., weather
to sprinkle on -cedecede, a-, v. tr., to prick
-bwataiori, a-, v. tr., to smear -cek, aki-, v. n., to be desolate
face in propitiation -cela, ai-, v. n., to make a
-bwelibweli, a-, v. n., to boil noise, uproar
-bwo, aki-, r. ><., to stand -celakini, aki-, v. prep., to
bwoje, pron., that one over cast lots for
there -cici, V. n., to be small, of
-bwok, aki-, v. tr., to carry on small kind ; only used as
the head adjective, with relative
-bwos, aki-, v. tr., to jerk -cik, V. tr., to squeeze
-bworari, aki-, v. n., to rest -cikakini, to crush, press on
-bworo, aki-, v. n., to mourn, to
wail -cil, aki-, I', tr., to tear ; be
byaii, adv., yesterday torn
acil akide, dawn has
broken ; lit. — the East
ca, part., well, but is torn
-ca, aki-, v. n., to lust -cilil, aki-, r. n.. (o be torn,
-cak, aki-, v. tr., to command split
-cakaii, a-, v. tr., to throw -ciro, a-, v. tr., to milk
auxiy ; tread on -ciyi, V. n., — - cilil
-calari, a-, v. n.. to melt -codo, aki-. v. n., to linip
-coduni, dki-, v. n., to tempt -dar, aki-, v. tr., to wait for,

-cogakini, aki-, v. n., to re- keep watch over
cline on the elboiv -dat, aki-, v. tr., to clear jungle
-cogororo, aki-, r. n., to he -daun, a-, v. n., to come to an
bent, boiced end, be finished
-coko, a-, V. tr., to herd cattle -dauni, v. tr., to finish
-corakini, aki-, v. tr., to com- -de, aki, v. tr., to pluck
mand -decideci, aki-, ?'. tr., to knock
-cowuni, aki-, v. n., to be about, bruise
careful -deden', a-, v. n., to be fierce,
-cu, aki-, V. tr., to squeeze out. bold
expel juice, brew -deka, a-, v. n., to be ill
-cudo, aki-, v. tr., to bewitch, -demari, a-, v. tr., to deprive,

enchant take away from
-cum, aki-, r. tr., to spear, -den', aki-, v. tr., to gather
pierce -dep, aki-, v. tr., to pick out
-cumakini, to spear one- one by one
-depari, a-, v. tr., to pass over,
-cuii, aki-, v. tr., to dtp in miss out
dish, dip a sop -depidep, aki-, v. tr., to in-
-curu, aki-, v. n., to leap form against, tell tales of
about -derakini, aki-, v. tr., to form
-cuxuni, aki-, v. n., to plot, in line, set in order
plan together -desyari, a-, v. n., to guess
cut, adv., quite, utterly, -detanari, a-, v. n., to splash
completely over, be spilt
cut cut, verily, assuredly -deyuni, aki-, r. n., to be left
-cwek, aki-, v. tr., to brexv over, be superfluous
-cweyet, aki-, v. tr., to try by -dica, aki-, v. n., to be at
ordeal peace, harmonious
-cweyikini, aki-, v. prep., to -didin', a-, v. n., to be narrow,
burn, set fire to thin
-dikyori, aki-, v. n., to melt,
dissolve
da, conj., also -dil, aki-, r. n., to be early, do
-da, aki-, v. tr., to strike early
-dak, a-, v. n., to feed, eat -diiia, aki-, ?'. n., to sigh,
-dakara, a-, v. n., to be fine, groan
splendid -diopet, num., one, single
-dakari, a-, v. tr., to lift, -dipakini, ai-, v. tr., to crush
carry away diriri, a-, v. tr., to suck up,
-dakuni, to carry hither absorb
-dit, a-, V. n., to he small, too -du, aki, V. n., to swim

small -ducokini, a-, ?'. prep., to
-dityari, to grow small spend all day at
diyat, adv., perhaps -duko, a-, v. tr., to build
-do, aki-, V. tr., to pick up, -dukokini, a-, v. tr., to marry
by pressing with finger {of a woman)
-dodoro, aki-, v. n., to he -dukulikini, aki-, r. ii., to
quick, do quickly close the fist, clench hand
-dok, aki-, v. tr., to cross -dulel, aki-, v. n., to prostrate
-dokari, a-, v. n., to climh up self, bend to ground
or doion -dulori, aki, v. tr., to deepen,
-dokuni, v. n., to climh tip make deep ; to be deep
or down -dumuni, a-, v. tr., to find,
-dokokini, a-, v. prep., to put co)ne upon
or place on -duiiari, aki-, r. n., to he
-dokoro, aki-, r. n., to grow adjacent, near to
thin, waste away -dun'iori, a-, v. n., to go out,
-dolori, a-, v. n., to reach, be extinguished
arrive thither -dun'o, aki-, v. tr., to cut
-doluni, V. n., to arrive -dura, a-, v. tr., to have coitus
hither with
-dolokini, v. prep., to reach -dus, a-, V. n., to throb, heat
to, overtake -dut, a-, V. tr., to serve out
-domakini', aki-, v. pre])., to food ; pull up, uproot
dip into -duwari, aki-, v. n., to sink,
-dofiio, aki-, v. tr., to seic go to the bottom
-don', aki-, v. tr., to pinch -dwara, a-, v. n., to be hitler,
to castrate sorir
-doteu, a-, v. n., to commit -dwen, aki-, v. tr., to harvest
adultery -dwono, a-, v. n., to eat
-dotikini, a-, v. prep., to greedily
point out, aim at -dyak, aki-, v. n., to go astray,
-doto, aki-, v. tr., to pick out, wrong, make mistake
pluck out -dyek, aki-, v. tr., to separate
-dowaii, a-, v. n., to snap the comhatanl.'i
fingers -dyekakini, v. prep., to
-dowuiii, a-, V. tr., to hear a propitiate
child, bring forth -dvoma, aki-, r. tr., to eat
-doyere, a-, v. n., to drop,
fall
-doyikini, v. prep., to drop ebabu, -uno, s., a poor man
on to, happen to -ebale, -le, s., mushroom
*ebaluwa, -wana, s., letter ecen, -niono, s., descendant,

ebaii'a, s., Jiornhill posterity
eban'anut, v. s., folly eceu, s., guinea-worm
*ebarasa, s., verandah ecicikwa, -ana, s., cactus
ebarenit, -ito, s., razor ecilikiki, -in, s., finger sickle
ebatat, -tai, s., duck ecoce, -ceya, s., porcupine
ebe, conj., saying, that ecoget, -en, s., prop, post,
ebela, -lai, s., stick pillar
ebeli, s., famine ecokat, -ka, s., seed, grain,
*ebinika, s., kettle pip
*ebmo, s., wine Ecoloyit, -lo, s., Musoga
eblesit, -sin, s., servant ecopot, -po, s., pupil of eye,
ebobo, -boi, .s., large lizard iris
ebokorit, -ro, s., finger, toe ecore, -lin, s., swamp, lake,
eboli, feast
s., river
ebon', adv., afternoon ecowa, -wayi, s., swampy
ebot, -toi, s., remote hamlet, ground
out of the icay village ecucut, -cu, s.,jiy
ebotet, -tei, s., device, plot ecudet, s., enchantment,
ebou, s., leaves of chick pea, poison
used as herb *ecupa, -ana, s., bottle
eboyi, -ina, s., net Edeke, s., chief deity of the
ebu, -bwin, s., hycena Teso
ebukit, -tor, s., large basket ederit, -rin, s., bush buck
ebuku, -kwi, s., shield edia, -asyo, s., herb, relish
eburi, -rion, s., crevasse, with food
crack edita, -tai, s., basket
ebwasit, -sin, s., head of cattle edodet, .§., index finger
ebwata, -tai, s., tassel, long edodo, s., treewith sausage-
tail ornament like seed pods
ebwiya, s., thatch edodok, -ka, s., frog
ebwocit, -cin, s., impotent man edokolet, -eni, s., monkey
ebyera, s., reddish kind of edokomun, -iio, s., civet
millet edon'e, -n'ei, s., castrated

ecan, s., trouble, adversity, animal, eunuch
poverty edopoiio, s., one-eyed man
*ecai, s., tea edopudopu, -un, .s., boring
ere, snare of cord ; also
s., beetle
pron. other edos, s., yolk of egg
ececelo, s., swollen gland edote, -ia, s., adulterer
ecelet, -le, s., snail ; also edou, -owono, s., cloud, rain
V. s., uproar, tumult edowan, s., grass, weeds
edula, -lai, s., granari/ of okagolon, s., door-keeper

'
basket work ekajau, s., potter
eebo, interj., yes ekajaian, s., living being,
eeca, interj., yes person
*eganiira, -ran, s., camel ekakali, -lio, s., castor-oil tree
ege, -gegya, s., flaw or berry
egilut, -lono, s., ring, nut *ekalam, s., pencil
*egiri, s., gospel ekale, -lya, s., reed buck
egitu, -una, s., a grass like ekaloton, s., traveller

young millet, tare, darnel ekamejan, s., hunter
*egoye, -yen, s., cloth, gar- ekameran, s., drunkard
ment ekamidi, s., fever
egura, s., spine *Ekanisa, s., church
egwan', s., mongoose ekanumit, -numi, s., grain of
egwayigwayi, s., skin erup- semsem
tion, eczema ekaafiunan, s., eye-witness
eic, s., snare, Iraqi ekan'adan, s., one who keeps,
*ejayi, s., hemp for smoking a steward
ejaka, lukeja, s., uncle, aunt ekan'atan, s., robber, bandit
ancestor ekapupan, s., ear-ivitness,
ejakait,ijako, s., chief, master one who has heard
eje, -esinei, 5., fight, tear ekaraban, s., pleader, advo-
ejekelo, s., cockroach cate
ejiput, -pu, s., itch, scabies ekaru, -ru, year
s.,
ejoket, -ya or -ina, s., demon, ekasuban, maker, creator

s.,
evil spirit ekatatan, s., smith
ejugume, -eni, s., long drum *ekatikiro, -rono, s., head-

ekaananaran, -ak, s., over- man, chief officer
bishop
seer,
'
ekatit, -tin, s.,ferride

ekaaran, s., murderer \
ekatola, -lana, s., sugar-cane
*ekabaka, -ana, s., king i ekatubon, s., judge
ekabaran, s., rich man ekatometomet, -me, s., wart
ekabokan, s., spy ekaturuturut, -ru, s., hornet
ekabolit, -lin, s., large swell- ekatwan, s., dead mayi
ing on knee, bursitis ekayan, s., sower
ekabolyan, s., jester, fool ekayo, s., poison
ekabwaan, s., sponsor ekayununan, s., rescuer, one
ekacodan, s., sorcerer, wizard who brings help
ekacowan, s., wise man ekebwokon, s., carrier, porter
ekadepit, -pi, s.,flea ekecokon, s., herdsman
ekadon'ot, -n'on, s., bell ekeduiiet, s., neighbour
ekagogon'on, s., strong man ekeki, -kya, s., doorwaii
E
ekekion, s., carpenter ekipye, s., lightning

ekelai, -la, s., tooth ekiriridi, -in, s., maize
ekelipan, s., beggar ekirigi, -gin, door s.,
ekenaka, s., laughter ekiriton, -ona, s., scorpion

ekenepi, s., nettle ekirore, -rya, s., name
ekeneran, s., speaker, eloquent ekisil, -la, s., commandment,
man law
ekeper, s., shoulders, top of ekisin, -na, s., breast
back ekisisyan, s., learner, disciple
ekeponi, s., cook ekisisyanakinan, s., teacher
*ekenturioii, s., centurion ekison'ot, -'non, s., nodule on
ekeret, -ta, s., gourd, bowl elbow or hip
ekesit, -si, s., sheaf, bundle, ekisu,-swama, s., mortar for
faggot pounding grain
ekesa, s., man, person *ekitabo, -ono, s., book
eketajaran, s., saviour ekitela, s., hill, ridge
ekibel, s., greed for meat ekitelek, s., weevil
*ekiboko, s., hippo-hide whip ekitimorikinan, s., reconciler,
ekiboket, -eta, s., gourd, mediator
churn ekitino, s., cheek
ekicolon', -n'or, s., chair, ekitoi, -tor, s., large tree
stool ekitwi, -twor, s., scrub, jungle
ekicolon' kebu, mantis ; = ekiya, -keye, s., charm,
lit. hycend's chair medicine
ekido, -doi, s., island ekiyakyan, s., messenger,
ekijuulara, s., a child born apostle
after others have died, sur- ekiyayi, s., first-born son
viving child ekode, -ei, s., hook

ekikoru, -rosyo, s., ditch, ekodet, -ta, s., crowd, mob
trench ekodoi, s., small-pox
ekilen', -n'a, s., knife ekoju, -joi, s., arrow
ekilin', -n'a, s.,upper arm ekok, -kokot, s., kind of ant
ekilyokit, -lyok, s., man, ekoki, -kiok, s., orphan
male ekokolan, s., thief
ekimat, imakio, s., old man ekokoroi, -ro, s., cock
ekimin', -n'iok, s., deaf person ekokoro, -ono, s., line, row,
okimuko,s,s., covering, blanket verse ; cart, cycle
ckinoniet, -uom, s., a seed ekokote, envy, jealousy
s.,
ekin'ok, in'okwor, s., dog ekolo, jealousy

s.,
ekin'arenan, s., guide ekolodon', -n'o, s., tortoise

ekipoliauna, s., = ekijuulara ekomoli, s., a piebald animal
ekiporo, -osyo, $., wet season {cow or goat)
ekomyo, -ono, s., stump, root eleyic, s., shame

ekonokamu, s., yellow kind erumit eleyic, / am
of millet ashamed
ekonelet, s., dung-beetle eligo, pipe-stem
ekon'ot, ikon', s., male ter- euphorbia
mite elisina, s., mist
ekori, -ryo, s., giraffe ; tail, eloba, -bai, s., haartebeest
stern of boat elogoro, s., throat, gullet
ekoroi, -rwo, s., he-goat *Elohim, s., God
ekorom, s., water lily elon'oru, -ras, s., lump
ekorokwot, s., a blue flower- elosi, s., filth
ing weed, burnt for salt eloyit, s., stocks, yoke
ekosobwan, -bwa, s.,buffalo *elugudo, -dono, s., main road
ekosyo, -sisinei, 6"., song, hymn eluke, -kei, s., green pigeon
ekube, -eyi, s., grease pot *elukumi, -min, num., thou-
ekukwai, -kwa, s., thorn sand
ekuma, -ai, s., cow-bell *elulu, s., pearl
ekume, -es, s., nostril, nose elupe, s., potter's clay
ekuna, s., mist, fog eluwera, s., bronchitis
ekurara, s., syphilis emaase, -se, s., locust
ekurudidi, -din, s., maize emabworo, -ono, s., red
ekuruk, -ka, s., crow colobus monkey
ekurut, -ru, s., maggot emadan'it, -dan', s., tick
ekurwon, s., ashes emadit, -din, s., small foul
ekurye, -yesik, s., coward like bantam
ekus, -sya, s., needle cmagegerit, -gere, s., hoof
ekwalakwala, s., wild fig tree cniaido, s., ground-nut
ekwam, -in, s., wind *emahiika, -kan, s., angel
ekwaro, -ono, s., cerval cat emalit, -lin, s., drinking tube,
ekwe, -ei, s., jackal made of feathers
ekweter, -eras, s., dwarf emafi, s., liver
ekyala, s., cooking-stone emaret, -re, s., bean, pea
*ekyalo, -ono, s., village, eniasenik, -ko, s., bullock, ox
country house emeleku, -kes, s., hoe, spade

elacit, -ci, «., louse *emendera, s., flag
elago, -goi, s., spider's web enieiia, -nai, s., bat
elap, -pyo, s., month, moon emerekek, -kin, s., sheep, ram
-elayi, adj., clean, unsoiled emerukwai, -kwa, s., cas-
elelebo, s., dizziness, vertigo trated goat or ram
elepa, s., impudence *ome8a, -ana, s., table
elepit, -ito, s., wooden milk- oniidiri. -rin, s.. long tom-tom
ing pail eniina, s., sticky sap. bird-lin,e
emiri, -rvo, s., rat, mouse emutu, -un, s., boring tool,
emiria, -riai, s., hippopota- bradaui
mus emwatunun, s., twin
-tuku,
emisina, s., mist; vapoxir *enabi, prophet
-in, s.,
emolokon, ankle
-nio, s., *enamusiga, s., wheel
emomwat, -mwa, a grain s., *enusu, -son, s., half rupee
of millet [sorghum) enamuret, -ren, s., one who
emono, -noi, s., field lives on another, destitute
emon', -n'ini, s., hull eneyitait, -ta, s., incisor
emopim, s., mint tooth
emorisin',- -n'a, s., neck enunurana, s., ferry
emorotot, -tolwi, s., python en'aluru, -ra, s., kidney
emoru, -runo, s., hill, cliff en'ani, pron., so-and-so
emorukalet, -leni, s., eagle en'aren, s., tip of finger
*emoyo, -ono, s., spirit en'arwe, s., swollen gland,
emuduki, -dukyok, s., totally " East Coast fever "
blind man en'aro, -oi, s., iron stone
*emugati, -in, s., bread en'atun, -no, s., lion
*emukeka, -ana, s., mat en'eriten, -na, s., heart
*Emuisiraniut, -unu, s., a en'oleyi, -li, s., hornet
Mohammedan en'orit, s., only child
emujal, s., naked man en'walas, -syo, s., cripple
*emukopit, s., peasant eon', pron., I, me
emukule, -en, s., hide epacoli, -lo, s., bald man
cmun, -nwor, s., snake *epale, -lei, s., trousers
*emimdu, -unu, s., gun epali, s.. insolence
*emupira, -ana, s., ball *epampa, s., cotton
*emupuga, s., rice epanasiayit, s., cluster or
emuran, s., father-in-law, bunch of bananas
brother-in-law epapero, s., friend, com-
emurwon, -rwok, s., sorcerer, panion
doctor epapayit, s., niece's child
emusaga, -ana, s., viper *epapulo, -ono, s., paper, page
*emusago, -ono, s., fault, of book
offence, case at law cpeduru, s., tamarind tree
*eniusalaba, s., cross epeet, -ein, s., striped hycena
* musolo, tax
s., epege, -gei, s., pig
*('niusabibu, s., vine epejari, s., threshing fioor
*Eniusun'ut, -unu, s., Euro- epejonon, -pejak, s., guest,
pean visitor
emutan, pron., so-and-so, epem, s., platform of logs, shed
what do you call him ? cpenek, -ka, s., chin, beard

epikisit, s., calf of leg *Esabiti, 5., Sunday

epima, -mai, s., dagger, sword *esabuni, soap s.,
epiri, -ino, s., pole, pillar *esaduko, -ono, s., box

epiryanut, s., sense, clever- *esagaiti, s., partition, curtain
ness esamai, -ma, s., river
epitefi, -eno, s., kind, sort esapat, -pa, s., boy, male
epiyi, -na, drinking tube
s., infant
epoli, -in, s., water-buck *esawa, -an, s., hour, clock,
epone, -msyo,s., custom, habit watch
epopon', -n'or. s., candelabra esayi, s., perfume
euphorbia *eserikalet, -eni, s., soldier
eporokoca, s., muddy place, esigirait, -ra, s., cowrie-shell
trampled road esike, s., honey
eporoto, -toi, s., throat, esin'orot, -ron, s., elbow,
voice ankle-boyie
epucit, s., feast, initiation to esip, s., malted grain
taboo *esipon'ou, s., sponge
epura, s., back, shoulders esirikedait, -da, s., molar
epuru, s., measles tooth
"epusa, -ai, s., jigger esirut, -ru, s., mosquito
eputiri, -iro, s., ivart-hog esokot, animal
s., track of
epyu, s., gall, gall bladder esununwoyit, -nwo, s., black
ere, -rerya, s., village biting ant
ereet, -ta, forehead
s., eswam, -in, s., hut, booth
eriga, -gan, s.. hedge eswi, s., roof
erikot. -koi, s., chain esyep; -ino, s., side
erin'a, adv., not yet etaba, s., tobacco
erin'at, s., mist, vapour etaget, s., banana, plantain
eripipi, s., frame of sticks *etala, -ana, s., lamp
erisa, -sayi, s., leopard etale, s., taboo
erit, -tia, s., mud, muddy etaluka, -ana, s., rainbow
place etan'oroboboi, s., cartilage
eritanit, -uin, s., tape-worm etao, -ono, 5., heart
erite, -teyi, s., flat tray for etaoko, -taka, s., calf
winnowing grain etapipirio, -ono, s., ivhirlwind
erojaroja, s., elephantiasis etatayit, s., sister's son's
eroko, adv., not yet child
erokon, -nin, s., adze etelepat, -ai, s., boy, youth
eroto, -tin, s., path, road servant
erute, -teyi, s., archway, gate- etem, -mwana, s., fireplace
way eten', s., hunger
ervago, -ono,. s., bag. pocket eteran, s., bridegrootn
etetere, -in, s., fish basket, eyemutu, report,

s., fame,
creel news of
etida, s., spleen -eyi, aki-, v. n., spurt out
etimat, -ma, s., hair
etitipu, ant-hill -galala, aki-, v. tr., to skim
s., off
etogo, -oi, s., house -galikini, aki-, v. tr., to defend
-gan'it, ai-, v. tr., to support,
etoil, -Ion, s., spirit of dead
person hold up a sick person
etolim, shadow, shade -ger, aki-, v. tr., to cut, scarify
5.,
etolo, s., bile -getanari, a-, v. n., to stagger,
etolut, -uno, pelicans.,

walk unsteadily
etome, -mei, s., elephant -geuni, a-, v. n., to commence
etori, -rion, 5., Jiawk -geyikini, a-, v. prep., to precede
etotoyidodi, s., dragon-fly -gir, aki-, v. n., to deny, refuse
etotule, opacity -gire, ai-, v. tr., to carve, write
s., of eye,
keratitis on, comb
etout, -ou, 5., testicle -girokini, a-, v. n., to hurt, be
etuja, -jai, s., grain pot {of painful
mud and grass) -gogon'; a-, I', n., to be hard,
etukuri, -rion, s., owl !
tough, strong
etula, s., plague, violent disease -golori, a-, v. tr., to surround
etulelut, -lu, s., colocynth berry -golokini, v. prep., to shut up
j
etulia, s., soot -gon', a-, V. n., to lean

etuma, s., mumps -goruni, a-, v. tr., to pluck out,
etupanit, -nin, s., nipple gouge out
etute, s., craft, deceit -gum, aki-, i'. n., to shoot
etuti, -tio, s., platform for -guru, aki-, r. tr., to stir, mash
sleeping, bed ; heap gwai, adr., rather
etutumi, s., cold in the head
j
\
-gwaragwara, a-, v. tr., to rend
etwale, neck of spear
-lin, 5., to pieces
\
etwo, -wol, s., long gourd, cup -gwauni, a-, i'. tr., to attack
etyan', s., wild animal -gwauni akiro, be guilty, be

euko, -oi, s., lung at fault
ewalu, s., crested crane -gwiyikiiii, aki-, v. Ir., to
*ewema, -ana, s., tent stumble on, trip up

ewokiwok, 5., bamboo
hali, -lu, pron. cop. masc,
ewula, -ai, s., long tail orna-
where is, are ?
ment, fringe
hani, -nu, pr. cop. fern., where
ewufiot, -oi, s., upper lip
is, are ?
*ewusi, s., cotton, thread
ewutune, s., spinal cord ibaren, s., property paid for a
*eyekalu, s., temple wife, cattle for dowry
ibore, -ro, s., thing ; also abore -jalakini, aki-, v. tr., to leave,
idiobore, s., thing, hit of a desert
thing [contemptuous) -jalijala, aki-, v. n., to delay..
ido, conj., also, moreorer dawdle, go slowly
ikadopit, s., kind ofJig ; scrap -jamijanii, ai-, v. n., to lower
of skin, patch (clouds)
ikan'okit, s., pimple -jan', aki-, v. n., to nod, be
ikaporogo, s., tiny fish sleepy
ikayo, s., edge, sharpness -jan'ijan', aki-, v. tr., to rattle,
ikepwaka, adj., countless, very sliake
many -jara, aki-, v. n., to live, he
ikerep, s., madness alive, in health
ikinacan, s., pi. 0/ onace, q. v. -jaruni, v. n., to come to life
-ikini, a-, v. tr., to defend, keep -jaiini, aki-, v. tr., to pass a
off from. thing this way, hand over
ikoku, iidwe, s., child akijauni akiro, to repeat after
ikulepek, pron., pi. o/elopet, one
-jaanakini, to serve, wait
imitina, s., itch, scabies on
imodobore, s., = idiobore -jayikini, to pass to, hand up
imyot, -yoi, $., chicken to, serve with
-inakini, a-, v. tr., to give to je, pi. kwi, pron., that one (far
-inari, a-, v. tr., to give, give up off) he
iiiamat, s.,food -je, aki-, v. tr., to plait, weave
Ipapa, s., Sir! my father ! -jecuni, aki-, v. n., to miscarry,
ipo, -oyi, s., rabbit have abortion
ipumu, s., epilepsy -jeni, aki-, v. tr., to know
-IT, aki-, v. tr., to taste -jenuni, a-, to come to know,
-irari, aki-, v. tr., to hear find out
irwana, s. pi., times, occasions, -jen', ai-, v. tr., to flay, skin
with numerals -jep, aki-, v. tr., to hew. chop
irwo, interj., get out ! out of -jepijepi, a-, v. n., to throb,
the way ! pulsate
irya, interj., = preceding -jepep, s., a maimed person,
-is, a-, v.n., to drip, leak mutilated
-it, aki-, V. tr., to sharpen to -jera, aki-, r. n., to belch
a point -jijim, ai-, r. n., to be nice,
-itari, aki-, v. tr., to pay dowry taste nice
-ituni, aki-, v. tr., to remember -jikilil, aki-, v. n., to be over-
cast {with akwapu)
-jai, pi. -jaas, v. n., is, are -jilil, aki-, v. tr., to strain,
-jakijak, a-, v. tr., to lap up filter
*jilokini, aki-, v. tr. {with aki), -kak, aki-, v. tr., clear up

to give ear, attend weeds, gather up
jo, pron., thou, thee kaka, conj., like as, about
-jo, a-, V. n., to sleep -kakwan'an, adj., white
-jotori, to go to sleep -kalan'irjon, adj., heavy
-jok, a-, V. n., to he good -kalafian, adj., weak
-jokyari, to become good -kalaunan, adj., clean, holy,
-jokokini, aki-, v. prep., to en- pure
trust to -kale, aki-, v. n., to float
-joluni, a-, v. tr., to lower, let -kalyanan, adj., infant, baby
down kama, conj., where
-jon, a-, V. n., to he raw kamaejai, = prep., to, from
jon'o, pr. cop., thou art -kamuni, ai-, v. tr., to catch
-josi, ai-, V. n., to sink low {of hold of, seize
the sun) kane, adv., here
-juju, aki-, V. tr., to suck at kanen, adv., then
-jukari, ai-, v. tr., to push kanewonit, adv., by land
away, send, dismiss kanuka, prep., on behalf of,
-jurusyari, a-, v. n., to slip, because of
slide kan'ina, adv., over there, yon-
juwayi, adv., helow there, on der
the other side kaparasia, adv., from time to
-jwela, a-, v. tr., to huy, sell, time
also agela -kapolon, adj., big, fidl grown,
important
ka, prep., of, with Kapolon, my lord ! your
ka, conj. and ,
•
highness !
-ka, pron., my kara, adv., about
-kabenen, adj., light, easy karai, adv., perhaps
-kadakiui, a-, v. jnep., to he karaida, conj., neither, nor
disgusted at, loathe -karen'an, cidj., red
-kacekwap, s., stranger, -kariso, ai-, v. n., sneeze
foreigner -karoiaoji, adj., bad
-kadedeii', adj., fierce, strong, -kasenau, adj., paralytic
savage -kasyaiian, adj., kind, gracious
-kadekan, s., sick person -kat, aki-, v. tr., to hunt with
-kagogon', adj., strong, hard, sticks
toiigh -kateten, adj., right {hand)
-kujakini, aki-, v. tr., to hang up kau, adv., behind
kaje, dent, adj., that over there -kawojan, adj., long, tall
-kajokan, adj., good -ke, aki-, v. tr., to adze, car-

-kajonon, adj., fresh, raw penter
-ke, pron., his, hers, its -kis, aki-, v. tr., to scrape

-kec, pron., their -kitetet, adj., new
-kede, aki-, v. tr., to pluck -kitomonet, num., tenth
kedim, conj., but that, if not -kiwuniet, num., third
-kediyau, adj., left {hand) -ko, aki-, V. tr., to scratch
-kekema, aki-, i'. n., to cackle kodye, adv., near
-kekulo, s., adversary koitolima, adv., on shore
kemame, neg. cop., there is not kojokan, adv., well
-kenekenetoi, a-, v. n., to smile kokau, adv., behind, after-
-ken', pron., his wards
-kepe, aki-, v. tr., to circumcise -koko, a-, V. tr., to steal
kere, adj., dem., all -koko, aki-, v. n., strive, try
-kerepikini, ai-., v. n., to go hard, exert oneself
mad -kokoro, ai-, v. tr., to roll along
-kerit, a-, v. tr., to fear, dread, -kokorori, ai-, v. n., descend
reverence -kolari, aki-, v. tr., to gather
-kerit, a-, v. n., to run out (weeds)
kes, pron., they, them kolo, kolosek, adv., long ago,
-ket, aki-, v. tr., to pull down in the past
a house komame, neg. cop. subj., that
-ketakini, aki-, v. tr., to pull there may not be
tight hold close to
; -konakini, ai-, v. prep., to be
-ketuni, a-, v. tr., to pull out to, act towards
-kiaret, num., second konen, adv., just so
-kicanicanan, s., sinner -koni, v., see verb to be, p. 42
-kidikidi, ai-, v. tr., to tickle -koni, pron., thy
kidin', prep., between, in the koiie, conj., but
midst of -konori, a-, v. n., to ripen, be
kokidin', adv., in the middle cooked
kidin'ebai, adv., at midnight -kono, aki-, v. tr., to bite
-kidyoko, v. n., are few -kou'oro, a-, v. n., to grow thin,
-kikanet, num., fifth emaciated
-kikaiiet kape, num., sixth -koro, aki-, v. tr., to give away
-kikanet kaare, num., seventh -korakini, to distribute to
-kikaiiet kauni, num., eighth kore, conj., or
-kikanet kaun'won, num., -kororo, ai-, v. n., to gargle
ninth -kosi, pron., our
kikote nepenen, phrase, let it kosodi, conj., then, next
be so. Amen plural kosoete
kinace, s., sister -kot, a-, r. tr.,to want, like, need
kin 'a, adv., outside -kot, a-, I', tr., to look for
-kiryonon, adj., black pres. tense, akoyi
kotenan, adv., straight, aright, \

kwabo, conj., moreover {al-
perfectly ways with negative)
-kouni, a-, v. tr., to come and -kwadara, a-, v. n., to waste
look for aivay in sickness
*Kristo, s., Christ, Messiah kwaka, conj., as, like as
-ku, aki-, V. n., to ferment, kwana, adv., thus, so
foam at mouth -kwana, a-, v. n., to be sharp
-kudo, aki-, r. tr., to bend -kwan', a-, v. n., to be white
-kudokini, to be bent double, -kwan'ari, aki-, v. n., to em-
be doubled tip bark, travel in boat, paddle
-kudokudo, to be crooked, kwan'ini, adv., thus, just so
twist about kwape, conj., even as
kuju, adv., above, on top kwapukwana, adv., now, im-
kokuju, 071 top, outside, on mediately
the surface, in the sky, in kware, adv., at night
heaven -kwaruiii, a-, v. n., to come to
-kukokini, aki-, v. prep., to life, revive
kneel down, bow to, worship -kwenari, a-, v. tr., to warn,
-kul, ai-, r. tr., to peel advise
-kulaimi, a-, v. n., tobubble up, -kwen, aki-, v. n., to be awake
boil -kwenuni, to open eyes,
-kum, ai-, v. n., to stoop down wake up
-kunari, aki-, v. n., to move -kwetuni, a-, v. n., to beckon
away, draw off kwi, dem. adj., those {pi. nvasc.)
-kununi, v. n., to move -kwiyekwiyet, a-, v. n., to
nearer, approach foam at the mouth
-kun'kun', aki-, v. n., to knock -kwon'onet, num., fourth
at door, announce self -kyena, a-, v. n., to laugh
-kuru, ai-, v. tr., to dig up
-kiu'wo, ai-, V. n., to fail to do,
be unable -la, aki-, v. tr., to hate, avoid
-kuryanari, fear
a-, v. tr., to -laanakini, a-, v. tr., to space
-kusi, pron., your, yours out
-kusia, a-, v. n., to heal up, -labalabana, aki-, v. n., to
granulate boast
-kuto, aki-, v. n., to blow -lacuni, a-, v. tr., to unfasten
-kutuni, ai-, v. tr., to dig laije, adv., that side, over there
up lailo, adv., this side, over here
-kuwari, ai-, v. n., to leave off -lajuni, aki-, v. tr., to loosen,
{raining) slacken
kwa, dem. adj., those far off -lajilaja, v. n., to sag, be
{pi. fern.) loose
-lak, ai-, v. tr., to undo, pull -lepori, a-, v. n., to have diar-
down work rhoea
-lakuni, v. tr., to redeem -libuni, aki-, v. n., to sprout,
-lakari, a-, v. n., to rejoice, he spring up
merry -likori, ai-, v. tr., to swallow
-lakilaki, aki-, v. tr., to shake, -lilim, a-, v. n., to he cold
shake off -lilimyori, v. n., to get cold
-lal, a-, V. n., to he wide -lilin', a-, v. n., to be silent
-lama, aki-, v. tr., swear at, -lilyamit, v. n., to be very white
curse -limi, a-, v. n., to rain
-lamari, ai-, v. n., to jump -limori, a-, v. tr., to pronounce,
-lamalama, v. n., to he in say, confess
douht, perplexed -limokini, v. tr., to tell,
-lan'iri, a-, v. n., to he heavy, preach

thick -liokonori, a-, v. n., to he a go-
-lan'irikini, v. tr., to weigh hetwfien, accuse
down, overburden -lip, aki-, V. tr., to ask for, re-
-lapat, a-, v. n., to he clear, quest, pray to
open {country) -lipana, v. n., to beg
-lapimi, a-, v. n., to overflow lo, adj. dem., this {masc. sing).,
-lat, ai, V. n., to pay a visit also rel. pron., see p. 46
-launi, a-, v. n., to he clean, loakori, adj., striped
holy, pure loce, pron., so and so
-lautori, v. n., to hecome -loconori, ai-, v.tr., to exchange,
clean, pure translate
-launi, a-, v. n., to refuse to Logayi, -ga, s., Indian
obey, despise command -lok, ai-, V. tr., to snare, trap
le-, pron. rel., icho [masc. sing.) loka, pron., mine
-lek, ai-, v. n., to vomit lokanakini, ai-, v. tr., with aki,
-lelakini, ai-, v. prep., to re- to give ear to, attend
joice at lokasiirupi, -po, s., enemy
-lele, a-, v. n., to flow ; he glad, loke, pron., his, her
rejoice lokec, pron., tJieir
-leleb, ai-, v. tr., to fill lokeruman, s., heir

-lelebuni, he full
v. n., to lokilyokit, adj., male
lem, adv., usually, constantly lokoni, pron., thy
-lem, ai-, v. tr., to take, choose, -lokonikini, ai-, r. tr., to tie
appoint crosswise
-lemari, v. tr., to take away -loliana, ai-, v. n., bully, be
-lep, aki-, v. tr., to sift ; milk overbearing
-lepana, a-, v. n., to be im- lolo, adv., to-day
pudent -lomari, -a-, v. n., to go in or out
-lomuni, a-, v. n., to come in -lyokoni, a-, v. tr., to lie to,
or out deceive
-Ion', aki-, v. n., to bathe, wash
-lon'wana, a-, v. n., to be feeble, -mad, ai-, v.tr., to dress a wound
useless -madin'ikini, a-, v. n., to spoil,
lope, cop. dem., withlo, this is be wasted
he -magulo, adj., crooked
-lopet, ikulepek, pron., self; -mala, aki-, v. tr., to praise,
owner of tliank
-loro, ai-, v. n., to faint, be mam, adv., not, no
drowsy mama, adv., there ; where
-losit, a-, V. 71., walk
to go, mamayi, s., maternal uncle
-losikini, v. prep. to go into,
, -mani, a-, v. n., to go round,
be contained in make a circuit

-lot, ai-, V. tr., to wash -manit, ai-, v. tr., to persecute,
-loyikini, ai-, v. tr., to spread bully
out -man, aki-, r. tr., to marry {of
111, rel. pron., who,which [masc. a man)
pi.) -mara, ai-, v. tr., to count
-lun', ai-, V. n., to taboo, refuse, -maria, a-, i'. n., to be con-
fifst cerned with, take part in
-lun'akini, ai-, v. tr., to give -marani, a-, v. n., to tremble,
self up to shiver
-lun'alim'a, a-, v. tr., with -maruni, a-, v. tr., to offer,
akan, to clench fist bargain
-lun'ilun'i, ai-, v. tr., to chase -masikini, ai-, v. n., to rust
from place to place -mat, ai-, v. tr., to drink

-lun'ulun'uni, ai-, v. n., to be -mayikini, a-, v. tr., to name,
rough {of water) give name to
-lun'iiru, a-, v. n., to be round -meari, a-, v. n., to start from,
-luori, a-, v. n., to become begin at
lutikawojan, s., giant -meanakiui, to begin one
-Iwana, a-, v. n., to be far after another, take turns
-Iwanari, ai-, v. n., to peep -mece, aki-, v. n., to take shelter
eyes half closed)
{ivith -meja, a-, v. tr., to hunt
Iwaru, adv., some time, in the -men, aki-, v. tr., to despise
future -men'erana, a-, v. n., to be
-Iwat, ai-, r. tr., to pass water malicious
-Iwaritoi, ai-, v. n., to be in mere, neg. cop., not, no
want, destitute -meret, a-, v. n., to be drunk
-lya, aki-, v. n., crawl, creep ; -mi, ai-, v. n., to have full
of roots to run along harvest
-miki, ai-, v. Ir., to refuse to, -moromoro, ai-, v. tr., to abuse

grudge -monini, ai-, v. tr., to pull up
-milia, ai-, v. n., to flash light- a food plant
ning -motari, a-, v. n., to rush head-
-mina, a-, v. tr., to love long
-miiianari, to lore one an- -mowari, aki-, v. n., to spit
other -niucari, a-, v. n., to be solid
-minayi, a-, r. n., to be sticky -niuduki, r. n., to grow blind
-minayikini, to slick up. seal -niudukanari, r. tr., to close
-mini, aki-, v. n., to
fly, swarm up
{of termites)
' -muju, aki-, v. tr., to eat
-mita, ai-, v. n., to think -muk, aki-, v. n., to cover self up
-mo, ai-, V. tr., to seek -mukemuke, ai-, v. n., to try,
-modiari, a-, v. tr., to destroy attempt
-modo, aki-, v. tr., to over- -mukokini, a-, v. n., to grow
cJiarge, sell dear dusk
-modumoduni, ai-, v. tr., to -mukuru, a-, v. n., to be clear,
cling to, stick on to open
moi, adv., to-morroiv, in the -munari, a-, v. n., to be spoilt,
morning dirty
moi kace, adv., the day after -muno, a-, v. tr., to trust, hope
to-morrow -munono, aki-, v. tr., to hide,
-mojiri, a-, r. n., to have grip- conceal
ing pains -muu'imuri', aki-, i\ tr., to
-mojon', a-, v. n., to be old sJiake head
-mojon'ori, v. n., to grow old -murwo, a-, v. n., to prophesy,
-moligikini, a-, v. n., to be divine
hollow, have hole through -murwokini, a-, v. n., to forget
molo, adv., in the far future -Tii\.is\musi,8i-, v. n., to grow dark
-momot, a-, v. 7i., to be yellow -mutono, a-, v. n., to grow dark
-moiiikiiii, ai-, v. n., to be satis- -mwana, a-, v. n., to be hot :
fied with food be greedy

-moil, ai-, v. n., to cry out, -mwan', ai-, i'. tr., to ill-treat.
make a noise, iveep bully
-monuni, ai-, v. tr., to pull to -mwayi, adj. num., how many ,~
pieces, dismantle also -mwasayi

-mon'amon'a, aki-, v. n., to -mwemwe, a-, v. n., to be
cake together, grow lumpy dazzling
-morianakini, ai-, v. tr., to add -mwit, a-, V. tr., to crave, long
together, spell for. especially food
-morikikini, ai-, v. prep., to -myed, ai-, v. tr., to choke,
agree together, unite strangle
-myedanari, to retch nen, adv., there ; also rel.,

-myel, ai-, v. tr., to put out, where
extend {tongue) nenice, adv., elsewhere
nenipe, adv., in one place,
na, fern, prefix. together
na, pron., this ; also rel. pron., nepepe, adv., = foreg.
ivho ifem.) nepetai, adv., just a little, not
nabarai, conj., exce])t much
naberu, adj., female -ner, ai-, v. n., to speak
-naca, aki-, v. tr., to pass far -neruni, ai-, v. n., to discuss,
off, avoid, keep away take counsel
naerimon, -ok. s., a whore, aineruni epapero, to inake
prostitute friends
-nak, aki-, v. tr., tosuck {infant) nes, 'nes, pron. cop., he is, it is
naka, pron., my, mine n'es, with rel. verb, there-
nake, pron., his, hers fore
nakec, pron., theirs netikolo, conj., ever since {time
nakoni, pron., thine far past)
namaka, -koni, etc., adv., with netinan, cotij., ever since {time
me, thee, etc. near past)
-namakini, ai-, v. tr., to mend, -nina, a-, v. tr., to wipe
patch -ninik, a-, v. n., to be hard,
nan, adv., just now tough
-nan, ai-, v. n., to he mean -nin', ai-, v. tr., to move, shift
-nan', ai-, v. n., to come to an -no, aki-, v. tr , to kiss
end, stop ; punch noi, noinoi, adv , inuch, very
-nap, ai-, v. tr., to put on, -noko, ai-, v. tr., to make or
dress, wear light a fire
-napakini, ai-, v. n., to be -nokosa, ai-, v. n., to be bruised
smooth, quiet, at peace -nom, ai-, v. tr., to beat, strike
napena, adv., just now -nomori, a-, v. n., to burn or

-napinapi, ai-, v. tr., to strike scald oneself
with fist, buffet -nonok, a-, v. n., to be soft,
narai, conj., for, because, since fertile, weak
•nat, adv., now, soon -nonokari, v. n., to be amen-
-nayikini, a-, v. n., to be accus- able, obedient
tomed to nil, plur. of na,, q. v.
ne, adv., here -nuk, ai-, v. tr., to bury

nediocici, adv., a little time, for -nunuk, ai-, v. tr., to fold up,
a time roll up
nediokasilon, adv., a little way, -nunukonokini, to be ra-
a short space velled up, tangled
-numinumi, ai-, v. n., to cook -n'adakini, aki-, v. tr., to

feast of first fruits keep, put away
-nwakitori, ai-, v. tr., to give n'ai pron., loho ?
light to -n'ajepana, a-, v. n., to stam-

-nwok, ai-, v. tr., to close, stop mer
up -n'ala, aki-, v. n., to lie, be false
-naanakini, aki- v. n., to skip -n'alekini, a-, v. n., to grow fat
over, hop about -n'aleuni, a-, v. n., to get ivell,
*-naga, ai-, v. tr., to seize, carry recover

off, rob -n'aiiit, a-, v. tr., to stare, fix
-uak, ai-, v. tr., (ekume) to eyes
sniff -n'arakini, aki-, v. tr., to help
-naka, a-, v. tr., to chew -n'areui, aki-, v. tr., to
-nakari, aki-, takeback
v. tr., to guide, go before
-nakuni, to bring back -n'as, aki-, v. tr., to jdunder,
-uala, aki-, v. tr., to mix raid
-nam, ai-, r. tr., to eat -n'ata, aki-, v. tr., to want,
-uanakini, ai-, v. tr., to speak wish for
evil of, blaspheme -n'ayin'a, aki-, v. tr., to beseech
-nan'a, a-, v. n., to be yellow, -n'ed, a-, v. tr., to tear; of
brown rope to break
-narauni, a-, v. tr., to call, -n'ejan'eja, ai-, v. »., to stam-
summon mer, have impediment
-iieyini, aki-, v. tr., to leave, -n'er, aki-, v. n., to refuse,
leave off deny
*-iiikokirii, ai-, v. n., to per- -'nerokini, ai v. tr., to rebel
severe, be diligent against
-fiifiila, ai-, v. n., be ragged, n'es, cop., = nes q. v.
torn to pieces -n'ic, aki-, v. tr., to examine,
-iiin'i, a-, v. n., to be blunt follow trail
-niniri, a-, v. n., to perspire n'in, dem. adj., each, every
iio, pron., what ? (masc.)
-noina, int. adj., which ? n'ina, adv., over there, yonder
-nona, ai-, v. tr., to smear n'ini, dem. adj., that {fem.)
-non'o, aki-, v. tr., to knead n'ipe, cop. dem., that is (fem.)
-iiouni, a-, v. n., to get up, n'ipe n'in, that is she or it
arise, start from also as adv. just noiv

-midinudi, a-, v.n., to smoulder -n'irikini, ai-, v. »., to endure,
-nunura, a-, v. n., to get angry be patient
-nuiudidi, a-, v. n., to frown, -n'it, aki-, v. tr., to ask,
pucker face to cry enquire
-n'a, a-, i'. tr., to open -n'itanari, to debate
-n lym lyitoi, ai-, v. n., tognn okwe ! interj., you there

-n'iyuni, aki-, v. n., to rise Oolo, s., the month May
{of the sun) -olyori, a-, v. n., to be lost,
-n'o, aki-, v. tr., to stir missing
-n'obel, aki-, v. tr., to covet -olikini, v. pre])., to be lost
-n'obin'ob, ai-, v. n., to look to, be at a loss
about, pay no attention -om, a-, V. tr., to fetch, go and
n'ol deyn. adj., that [masc.) fetch
-n'olin'oli, aki-, v. n., to look -omuni, v. tr. to come and
about, look round fetch
-n'olopa, a-, v. n., to quarrel Omaruku, s., the month Au-
-n'op, aki-, v. n., to hide one- gust
self Omuku, s., the month Febru-
n'ope dem. cop., that is ary
-n'oror, ai-, v. n., to snore onace, s., brother
-n'osibibi, a-, v. n., to be oni, pron., we, us {including
splendid, smart, grand person spoken to)
-n'u, aki-, v. tr., to smell -on', a-, V. n., to open the
-n'wonori v. tr., to sniff at, mouth
take a smell Opedelein, s., the month June,
-n'ul dem. adj., those {pi. ivhen millet ripens
masc.) Opo, s., the month of stubble,
n'un, dem. adj., those {pi. fern.) September
n'upe,, dem. cop., those are Oraia, s., the month {?)
{pi. fern.) January
ore, adv., at home
obukosi, -kusi, etc. adv., at orekoni, -ken', at thy home,etc.
our place, etc. oron, s., pasture
obukwi, adv., in the land, in -orori, a-, v. n., to be trans-
the world ])arent, let light through
ocen, nephew
5., husky
-ororikini, v. n., to be
Odun'e, s., month when rains orwa, interj., out of the way !
begin, April get out !
ojajayit, s., nephew Oseredekalei, s., harvest
okaleka, -koni, adv., at or to month, July
my home, etc. -osikini, a-, v. tr., to let go,
okekwa juwayi, adv., on the release, make ivay for
other side Osokosokoma, s., month for
okilen,s., husband tilling fallow, November
okoku, s., son otatayit, s., grandchild
okoka, s., my son otokwi, interj., oh dear ! well

Okwan'a, s., the month March I never !
-pac, ai-, V. tr., to chip off, pare -pet, aki-, v. tr., tosjiread out,
-paikini, ai-, v. n., to slay, lay (mats)
remain pet, aki-, v. tr., to kick
-pak, ai-, v. tr., to empty away, -peti, adj., important, big
bale water -peyi, 34-, V. tr., to roast
-palal, a-, v. n., to he green, -picipici, ai-, v. tr., to crumble
fresh, moist up, crush to powder
-palalari, to get wet -piikini, ai-, v. tr., to place,
-pali, a-, V. tr., to let go, allow put inside
to take {girl) -pikakini, to put on to
-palisono, v. n., to be lazy, -pikori, a-, v. tr., to conquer,
sluggard overcome
-paluiii, a-, V. h., to become -pipil, a-, V. n., to be painful,
obsolete, of no effect hurt
-panari, a-, v. tr., to cut off, -pir, aki-, v. n., to crumble to
curtail dust {of wood)
papa, s., father -piripiri, ai-, v. n., to be
papa, s., ancestor dazzling
-papanari, a-, v. n., to become -piryana, ai,- v. n., to be
tasteless clever, sharp-witted
-paperikiui, a-, v. tr., to make pitpit, adv., utterly, com-
friends with pletely
paran, adv., by day, at noon -pol, a-, V. n., to be big
-pari, a-, v. n., to wander, go -polori, to grow big, grow up
astray -ponuni, ai-, v. n., to be dis-
-pas, a-, V. n., to he tired located
-patana, ai-, v. n., to he easy, -popiri, ai-, v. tr., to twist
gentle, kind -pore, aki-, v. tr., to cook
-patanakini, to he gentle to, -poro, aki-, v. n., to go to
submit to another husband
-pede, a-, v. tr., to bore, pierce -porocari, a-, v. tr., to sling,
-pedokini, a-, v. n., to have loose sling
hole in -porokini, ai-, v. tr., to pounce
-pedori, aki-, v. n., to be able upon
-peget, a-, v. n., to dispute, -porori, a-, v. n., to fly off,
argue take to jiight : also tr.. to
-pejo, a-, V. n., to go visiting drag along by the hand
-pen, aki-, v. tr., to sharpen, -potye, a-, v. n., to be preg-
whet nant
pen'o, adv., long ago -pu, V. n., are many
-peri, a-, v. n., to spend the -pucakini, aki-. v. n., to close
night, lie down lips tightly
F
-pucu, aki-, V. tr., to seal up -rauni, a-, v. n., to become

-puda, ai-, v. tr., to tread on, {outwardly, by position)
trample -rayikini, ai-, v. tr., to accuse,
-puda, ai-, v. tr., to want, sUinder
desire, prefer -rebirebi, ai-, v. tr., to warn
-puduno, ai-, v. tr., to comfort -rem, aki-, v. tr., to spear
*-puga, ai-, V. tr., to rule over -remori, a-, v. tr., to push,
-pukori, a-, v. tr., to open, throw over, upset
uncover -ren'ari, ai-, v. n., to grow
-pukupuku, ai-, v. tr., to fan red
-pun'okini, ai-, v. n., to go -ren'iari, aki-, v. tr., to drive
crooked away
-pupi, a-,V. tr., to hear, under- -reren'ori, a-, v. n., to be
stand fortmiate, be lucky
-pupokini, to listen to -retakini, aki-, v. tr., to rebuke
-puruni, ai-, v. n., to smoulder, -retuni, a-, v. n., to thunder
smoke -reyari, aki-, v.tr., {with emu-
-putori, a-, v. tr., to resemble sago) to screen from punish-

-pwakanakini, ai-, v. tr., to ment, get one off
cancel, cross out -reyikini, ai-, v. n., to peep
-pwari, ai-, v. n., to be many into
pwe, adv., right throiLgh -reyit, a-, v. tr., to be hostile
-pwat, ai-, V. tr., to wipe to, take vengeance on
-pye, aki, v. n., to fall [of -ri, aki-, v. n., to be crooked
thunderbolt or lightning) -riare, ai-, v. tr., to grind
-pyer, aki-, v. n., to ivarm -riayiria, ai-, v. tr., to seek
oneself diligently
-pyeyi, aki-, v. n., to sweep -ridakini, ai-, ii n., to expire,
to itch die
-ridat, a-, v. n., to be narroiv
-ra, aki-, v. tr., to plant, bear -rigakini, aki-, v. tr., to fence
fruit in
-rabi, ai-, v. n., to plead a case -rigauni, aki-, v. tr., to sur-
aiiabi asurupi, to settle a round
feud -rigi, aki-, v. tr., to rub
-ram, ai-, v. tr., to beat drum, -rikakini, ai-, v. tr., to finish
thresh corn -rikirik, ai-, v. n., to tivitch,

-ran', ai-, v. n., to be glut- quiver
tonous -rikodo, a-, v. n., to be ])ara-
-rap, ai-, v. tr., to cover up lysed
-rara, ai-, v. tr., to collect fire- -rikori, a-, v. tr., to lead away
wood -rinori, a-, v. n., to ivither
-ririkini, a-, v. prep., to he -rutakini, ai-, v. prep., to throxo

opposite to to
-riyari, a-, v. tr. to pull [away) -ruwo, ai-, v. n., to sound,
-riyuni, to draw toivards one ring, bellow
-riyori, a-, v. tr., to stretch -rwat, ai-, v. tr., to plaster, put
out, unfold mud in wall
-riyodikini, to recline on -rwayirwa, ai-, v. tr., to
elbow sprinkle i
-riyuni, ai-, v. «., to soak -ryama, aki-, v. tr., to meet

-TO. ai-, V. tr., to examine, look -ryamakini to come upon,
at go round, he enough
-rowanari, to oversee, in- -ryamanakini (ikela), to
spect gnash teeth
-rokana, a-, v. n., to have -ryanari, ai-, v. tr., to be equal
confidence, he hold to, match
-rom, ai-, v. tr., to take hold of -ryanari, a-, v. n., to he para-
-romikini, to grow worse in lysed, shrink up
illness -ryan', ai-, v. tr., to toss about
-rono, a-, v. n., to he had -ryebi, a-, v. n., to ache, he in
-roniori, to grow had pain
-roromara, a-, v. n., to he aryebi eten', to he hungry
gigantic -ryen, ai-, v. tr., to clear scrub,
-rorono, ai-, v. tr., to pick out dig over ground
one by one -ryen'uni, ai-, to tremble,
-rotakini, aki-, v. tr., to join, sJuike with fear
put together -ryet, a-, v. n., to squint
-rucakini, ai-, v. «., to do {with akonen)
again, do more -ryono, a-, t'. n., to he insolent
-rocokini, a-, v. tr., to tie in a
knot -sa, aki-, v. tr., to nurse {child)
-rucu, ai-, v. tr., to mend -sabana, ai-, v. n., to be
-ruja, aki-, i'. n., to dream deceitfid, hypocritical
-rum, aki-, v. tr., to inherit, -sabanakini, to slander,
rule calumniate
-ruk, aki-, v. tr., to pound in -sak, ai-, v. tr., to reap, cut
mortar corn
-rup, ai-, V. tr., to lace up -sakasak, ai-, v. n., to ivalk
-rupakiui to thread {as about
heads) -sala, aki-; i". n., to miss a
-ruruma, aki-, v. n., to growl, day
mutter, wheeze -salanakiui, aki-, v. n., to do
-rurut. a-, v. n., to he slippery repeatedly, incessantly
-saran, a-, v. n., to smoulder -simit, aki-, v. tr., to forhid,

a dying fire)
{of hinder
*Satan, s., Satan -sineri, aki-, v. tr., to give
-sayi, ai-, v. n., to he fragrant, speech to ; hetroth
smell sweet -sin'areni, ai-, v. tr., to take
-se, aki-, v. tr., to peg out, nail in front
-segana, ai-, v. n., to he dainty, -sionori, ai-, v. n., to have
dandified griping pains
-sek, aki-, v. tr., to pick up -sipokini, aki-, v. tr., to set
-sekelori, ai-, v. tr., to mock, down, stand a thing up
jeer at siri-, prefix of neg. imperative
-senit, ai-, v. n., to he thin, -sisi, aki-, v. n., to he charred,
decrepit hurnt
-seoni, aki-, v. tr., to choose, -sisya, aki-, v. tr., to learn
pick out -sisyanakini, to teach
-serica, aki-, v. n., to spit -sodit, num., first
-seseni, ai-, v. tr., to see, look -som, aki-, v. n., to dance
at, have sight *-soma, ai-, v. tr., to read
-sialamakini, ai-, v. cans., to -somari, aki-, v. n., to jump
cause to rejoice, delight aivay
-sianni, aki-, v. n., to begin, do -somo, aki-, v. n., to he spite-
first ful
-sibwok, ai-, v. tr., to put -sub, ai-, V. tr., to do, make
load on head of another -subi, ai-, v. tr., to appear, he
-sidiki, ai-, v. tr., to persuade like as if
-siga, aki-, v. n., to hiccough -sudede, aki-, v. n., to pros-
-sigiri, ai-, v. tr., to cause to trate oneself
refuse -sudokini, ai-, v. tr., to mix
-sigirikini elopet, to deny to with finger
oneself -sudufii, ai-, v. tr., to arrange
-siituni, aki-, v. tr., to rein order
mind -sukokini. aki-, v. tr., to hend,
-sik, aki, v. tr., to deafen, stop fold over, crumple
ears asiikokinos amuiiiiio, skin
-sikakini, to ram. tight {as is urinkled
earth round post) -siikori, ai-, v. tr., to draw up
-silek, aki-, v. tr., to make to {legs)
vomit -sukunari, aki-, v. tr., to take
-silikini, a-, v. n., to he further away
desolate, lonely -sukununi, to draw nearer,
-siloco, aki-, v. tr., to tie receive guest
crosswise -sukuiiusukununi, to entice
-sumedede, a-, v. n., to have -taanuni, aki-, v. caus., to

" needles and pins " cause to see, appear, be
-sumuni, aki-, v. tr., to pro- visible
mise -taca, aki-, v. tr., to brandish
-sunup, aki-, r. n., to consent, -tacakini, aki-, v. tr., to pay
allow back
-suni, aki-, v. n., to hasten, be -tadakini, aki-, v. n., to de-
quick ploy, form open order
-supu, aki-, V. n., to sniff, seek -tajara, aki-, v. tr. to save,
by smell give life to
-supuruni, aki-, v. tr., to -takadikini, aki-, v. tr., to
cause to smoke, burn {as enrage
incense) -takari, a-, v. n., to be blistered,
-surokini, aki-, v. tr., to attack peeloff
-surum, ai-, v. tr., to make -takini, aki-, v. tr., to sharpen
to seize to a point ; egg on
aisui'um eleyic, to make -talakari, ai-, v. tr., to rejoice,
ashamed please
-surup, ai-, v. tr., to attack, -talauni, aki-, v. tr., to cleanse,
be enemy of hallow
-swag, aki-, v. tr., to polish, -tama, aki-, v. 7i., to try
rub bright -tanak, ai-, r. tr., to suckle
-swam, a-, v. tr., to ivork, -tanuiii, aki-, v. tr., to rear,
make, till bring up {orphan)
-swap, aki-, v. tr., to thatch ; taparacu, adv., in the morning
be overgrown -tapaluni, aki-, v. tr., to annul
-swopakini, ai-, v. tr., to be -tapolouni, aki-, v. tr., to
angry with exalt, extol
-syana, aki-, v. n., to be kind, -taroni, ai-, v. n., to be fat
gracious -tasono, ai-, v. n., to be meek,
-syarakini, ai-, v. n., to dis- humble
perse, be published abroad, tata,s., grandparent
scatter everywhere -tata, a-, v. tr., to forge, work

-syec, aki-, v. tr., to excJiange iron
-syeganakini, ai-, v. tr., to -te, aki-, v. tr., to watch, over-
provoke, make to quarrel see
-syepayikini, a-, v. n., to grow -tebeyikini, ai-, v. tr., to make
fat public, do openly
syo, pron., tee, us {exclusive -tebukini, ai-, v. n., to swell
of person addressed) up, be distended
-syoni, aki-, v. tr., to forgive -tedekakini, ai-, v. n., to
-syop, aki-, i'. n., to be angry make self ill, sliam illness
-telekari, aki-, v. tr., to sur- -tiolo, ai, V. tr., to commit in-

pass, exceed cest {with an unmarried girl)
-teluori, aki-, v. tr., to see far -tiperori, aki-, v. tr., to miss
for a day, omit to do
-temari, a-, v. n., to say tiritiri, adv., daily, constantly
-temokini, aki-, v. tr., to put -tirono, aki-, v. tr., to tnake
right, arrange ; also n. to be bad, defile ; deprecate
all right -tironikini, to repent, admit
-ten, aki-, v. n., to be smooth, self wrong
straight -tirori, a-, v. tr., to touch
-tepi, ai-, v. n., to rain [with -tiryebi, ai-, v. tr., to hurt,
edowu) give pain to
-terari, a-, v. tr., to put up, titai, adv., naked
fix [a curtain) -titin', a-, v. n., to endure, be
-teribori, ai-, v. tr., to over- long-sufferitig
sJmdow, obstruct view -titin'ikini, ai-, v. tr., to give
-terikini, ai-, v. n., to form in to hold,, put in charge of
line -tiwalari, ai-, v. tr., to cause
-teten, aki-, v. tr., to set to dawn, do all night
straight, upright -tiwara, ai-, v. tr., to bring on
-tetet, aki-, v. n., to be new night, do all day
tibarai, conj., if so, if it to, s., the west
were -tobon', ai-, v. tr., to get back,
-ticana, aki-, v. tr., to vex, make profit
annoy -todikini, a-, v. tr., to shew
-tijok, ai-, V. tr., to make good, -todo, a-, v. tr., to peck, {of
approve snake) to strike
-tikokini, ai-, v. tr., to prevent, -todo, aki-, v. tr., to let drop
hinder -todyanakini, ai-, v. tr., to
-tikolo, ai-, v. tr., to persecute command
-tililin', ai-, v. tr., to silence, togo, adv., in the house
tame toka, tokoni, etc., in my
-tim, aki-, v. tr., to have mercy house, thy house, etc.
on, pity -toila, ai-, v. n., to be con-
-timorikikirii, aki-, v. tr., to spicuous, clear
reconcile -toolyo, aki-, v. tr., to lose,
-tin', ai-, v. tr., to touxih, take cause to be lost
hold of aitoolyonokini, to be per-
-tin'auni, ai-, v. tr., to compel plexed
(hither) toma, prep., in, under, inside
-tin'alouni, ai-, v. tr., to cure, -tomet, a-, v. n., to be huge,
heal elephantine
-tononakini, ai-, v. tr., to drip -tupurucu, adv., very early in

into morning
-toro, ai-, v. n., to pass, go by -tuputori, aki-, v. tr., to liken,
ivay of copy
toto, s., mother -tuiit, aki-, v. tr., topraise
-totwa, ai-, v. tr., to beat, -turo, a-, V. n., to blossom
knock dust out of -tururu, aki-, v. n., to grieve,
-totyaniari, ai-, v. tr., to annul be sorry
-tubu, ai-, V. tr., to cut, decide -turyayikini, ai-, v. n., to do
case by accident
-tubokini akiro, to judge, -tut, ai-, V. tr., to beat floor
convict -tutukini, ai-, v. n., to vow,
-tubori, to pass, go by promise, make covenant
-tubus, ai-, V. tr., to adorn, -tutyari, ai-, v. n., to be de-
decorate ceitful, crafty
-tuden', ai-, v. tr., to extin- -twa, aki-, v. tr., to beat out
guish dust
-tukmii, aki-, v. n., to be -twalitwala, ai-, v. n., be
heaped up, collected speckled
-tukokini, v.tr., to assemble, -twanare, a-, v. n., to die, be
heap up smashed or spoilt
-tukonolani, v. n., to as- -twara, aki-, v. tr., to dismiss,
semble send away, say farewell
-tukum, aki-, v. tr., to slant, -tya, V. def., is equal to ; only
put sloping in phrases as etya ai ? how
-tulari, a-, v. n., to die sud- big is it ? etya nen, it is so
denly
-tulekini, aki-, v. tr., to kindle, -tyakari, aki-, v. tr., to divide,
light separate
-tulum, a-, V. 71., to be damp, -tyakanari, to sliare, take
wet shares
-tuluru, aki-, v. tr., to droop -tyakatyakauui, to distin-
or hang head guish
-turn, a-, V. n., to reach -tyono, a-, v. n., to be difficidt
puberty
-tumudikini, aki-, v. tr., to -uni,num., three
make blind -uu'won, num., four
-tumwana, ai-, v. tr., to ivarm, -upaii, a-, r. tr., to accompany
make hot
-tunakini, aki-, v. tr., to clasp *-wadika, aki-, v. tr., to write
in the arms -waduui, a-, v. tr., to scoop up
-tup, ai-, V. n., to follow, go after with the hand
A HANDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAGE
-walari, ai-, v. n., to dawn, -wowa, aki-, v. tr., to fry

grow light -woye, ai-, v. n., to enter on
-walewalet, aki-, v. n., to boil, taboo, be initiated
bubble up wu ! interj., 0, in addressing
-wara, ai-, v. n., to grow a person
dark -wukuni, a-, v. tr., to take
-winiwin, a-, v. n., to be raw. load off the head
unferniented -wumakiui, aki-, v. n., to get
-wo, aki-, V. n., to leak, drip overripe
-woje, a-, V. n., to be high, -wumeno, a-, v. n., to be
long, tall greedy
-woji, ai-, V. tr., to twist by -wumokiui, a-, v. tr., to be
rolling on leg, spin astonished at
wok, pron., our, referring to -wunu, a-, V. tr., to blow nose
oni -wupu, a-, V. tr., to pierce the
-wok, ai-, V. tr., to shake up, ear for ornaments
churn draw water
; -wuri, a-, v. tr., to beget, bear
-wokununi, ai-, v. tr., to child
ladle up -wuru, a-, V. n., to smell, stink
wokwe ! interj., Ha, Ha ! of -wurupori, a-, v. tr., to snatch,
derision grab
-wola, a-, V. 71., to mugh -wurut, a-, V. n., to Juive
-womit, a-, v. n., to think, diarrhoea
suppose -wuryana, a-, t'. n., to be short,
-wonori, a-, v. n., to wither^, low
dry up -wutari, a-, v. n., to riot, make
-wonuni, a-, v. n., to be quick, a tumtdt
hurry, come quickly -wutuni, a-, v. tr., to draw
-won'o, a-, V. n., to be proud, out {as knife from sheath)
haughty
wori, adv., when ? ya, pron., that far off {fern.)
-woro, a-, V. n., to shout, call, -yakini, aki-, v. n., to be level
cry aloud -yakyari, ai-, v. tr., to send
-woro woro, aki-, v. tr., to -yakuni, v. tr., to send hither
smear with cow dung -yala, aki-, v. n., to converse,
*-wosa, ai-, v. n., to plead a talk
case ; take toll -yalon'on', aki-, v. n., to be
-wota, a-, V. n., to wriggle {as anxious
snake), wrestle -yamakini, ai-, v. n., to do
-wote, a-, I', tr., to hire, engage slowly, carefully
-wotuiii, aki-, v. n., to ap- -yamuyamuni, ui-, v. tr., to
proach entice, persuade
-yapari, aki-, v. n., to be care- yen, dem. adj., this

ful, beware -yeniyen, ai-, v. tr., to siring
-yapiyapi, to do carefully, round and round
slowly -yen, aki-, v. n., to whistle
-yapo, aki-, v. n., to swear, -yen', ai, v. n., to breathe
take an oath -yen'uni, v. n., to take a
-yapye, a-, v. n., to be near " breather ", rest a little
-yara, aki-, v. tr., to kill -yeriyeri, a-, v. n., to be thin,

-yare, a-, v. tr., to takeaway of small substance
-yan'ari, to take away yes, pron., you
-yauni, to bring -yinauni, aki-, v. n., to grow
-yatakini, ai-, v. tr., to add, mouldy
do again, do more yoga inter]., how do
! ! good-
-ye, aki-, v. tr., to sow bye; ivell done; thank
-ye, aki-, v. n., to sing you
-yede, ai-, v. tr., to wink [with -yogani-, aki-, v. tr.. to greet,
akon') thank, bidfaretvell
-yek, aki-, v. tr., to rattle -yon', a-, v. tr., to fear, rever-
-yekari, a-, v. n., to pass, arrive ence, honour
thither ; to ask a big price -yore, a-,v. n., to sing
-yelo, ai-, v. tr., to commit -yuuni, a-, v. tr., to lend

incest {with ivife of another) -yupakini, a-, v. tr., to impale,
-yemanakini (ikela), ai-, v. tr., thread on a stick
to gnash teeth -yuwuni, aki-, v. tr., to be-
-yen, aki-, v. tr., to tie lieve, agree
-yenianakini, to be tangled -yweleywele, ai-, v. tr., to
U]) strip thatch {of wind)
ENGLISH-TESO VOCABULARY
When more than one Teso word is given as the equivalent
of an English word, reference must be made to the Teso-
English list for the distinction, if any, to be made between
them.
abandon, akineyini accustomed, be, anayikini

abate, akitidyokori ache, aryebi, apipil
abdomen, akoyik acid, be, adwara
abhor, akila acknowledge, akiyuwuni, ali-
abide, apaikini, aiboyikiai mori
able, be, apedori acquit, akititelekari emusago
abolish, aineyini, akitapaluni across, okekwa juwayi
abortion, have, ajecuni act towards, akonakini
abound, aipwari acute, -kadeden'an
about, kwaka add, akiyatakini
akiapu
be about to do, add up, akimoranakini
above, kuju, kokuju adder, akipom, asigirikolon'
abscess, abus adjacent, be, akidunari
absolutely, cut, pitpit adjure, akitiyapo
absorb, adiriri admit, akitolomuni, akisuku-
abundance, use verb aipwari; nuni
also akinu (of crops) adorn, aitubus
abuse, aimoromoro adult, -kapolon
acacia, etekwa adultery, adoteu
accept, aki}Tiwuni commit a., adoteu (man),
accident, do by akituryayikini adotyari (woman)
accompany, aupari, alosit ne- advance, alosit kakonen
pepe adversity, ecan
accomplish, adauni, arikakini advise, akicorakini, akikwena-
according to, kwape ri
account of, on, kanuka advocate, ekeraban
accuse, arayikini, asabanakini, adze, ayepe, erokon
aliokonori to adze, akike
90
ENGLISH-TESO VOCABULARY 91
affair, akirot animal, etyan'

affiiction, icau ankle, emolokon
afraid, be, akerit, akuryanare ankh bone, esin'orodot
after, kau anklet, asowat
afternoon, ebon', ajotet announce, alimori
afterivards, kokau annoy, akiticana, akitiilunu-
again, bobo ranakini
do again, akirucakini annul, akitapaluni, akitotya-
against, use prepositional verb niari
age, old, -amojon' anoint, anononakini
ago, long, kolo, kolosek, asona, another, -ce
pen'o answer, abon'okini
agree, akiyuwimi ant, amuriat, esununwoyit,
agree together, akimorikikini, ekon'ot, acorot
akidica antelope, ederit, ekale, epoli,
aid, akin'arakini eloba
aim, aidotikini anthill, etitipu
air, apaki, apuru anvil, amoru natatas
alas, okwi ! otukwi anxious, be, akiyalon'on'
alike, he, aputori any, n'in, kere
alive, -kajaran anyivhere, kere kere, ducuducu
all, kere apostle, ekiyakyan
alloic, akiyuwuni appeal to, akin'ayin'a
almighty, -pedori kere appear, akitaauuni
almost, use verb akiapu appearance, aputo
alone, boni appoint, aseonuni, atyakakini
along with, nepepe ka approach, akununi, akunari,
already, sek av'otuni
also, ido, da approve, akitijok
alter, aibelokini, ailoconari archway, erute
altliough, arai da are, ejaas
altogether, cut, nenipe argue, apega
always, lem, aparasia kere argument, epeget
ambassador, ekiyakyan arise, anouni
ainong, use locative case, see arm. akan, ekilm'
p. 20 armpit, akirididi
amulet, ekiya army, ajore
ancestor, eja, papa around, go, akimaui
and, ka, da arouse, akitikwenuui
angel, emalaika arrange, akitemokini, akisu-
angle, agola duni
angry, be, aiiuiiura, akisyop arrest, aikamuni
ayekvmi
arrive, adolori, bait, alokya
arroic, akoju bake, akipe
as, kwape, bala bald man, epacoli
ascend, adokari, adokuni akipak
bale {water),
ashamed, he, erumit eleyic ball,emupira
ashes, ekurwon bamboo, ewokiwok
ashore, koitolima banana, etaget
aside, awayi banana plant, eliborit
ask, akin'it banana fibre or leaf, amu-
ask for, akilip gogot
asleep, be, ajo bank, ariri
fall asleep, ajotori bantam, emadit
assemble, atukonokini baptize, akibatisa
astonished, be, awumokini, aki- bare, atai, titai
lilin'kini bargain, akibiluni, akimaruni
*
at, use locative case, see p. 20 bark, akabubuket
attack, aisurup, agwaimi bark cloth, abon'ut
attend, apupokini, akijilokini barn, etuja, apame
aki, akilokanakini aki barren, arakan
aunt, eja, amororu barter, ajwela
authority, apolou basin, atibo, atuba
avenge, areyit basket, edita, ebukit
avoid, akinaca basket, fish-, etetere
await, akidar bat, emena
awaken, akitikwenmii, akito- bath, ebati
nouni bath-room, akilon'is
away, come, auouni bathe, akilon'
axe, ayepe battle, eje
be, aluori
beads, atipe, aryokai
baby, ikoku, isapat beak, akitok
baby {adj.) yenikalyanan, bean, emare, epatit
yenicici bear child, adowuni, awuri
back, an'abet, epura bear fruit, akira
back (adv.) kau beat, akinom, akibun'a, akida,
at back {of house), agule akirain
come back, abon'uni beaten by, be, akurwokini
bad, -karonon beautiful, -kajokan
be bad, arono because, narai
go bad, akibos beckon, akwetuni
badness, aronis become, ahiori, arauni
bay, eryago bed, akitada, etuti
bee, awu bishop, ekaananaran

beef, akirin' nakakiten' bit, abiletait
beer, ajon bite, akikono
beetle, clung-, akonelet bitter, be, adwara
before, kakonen of time, koloje
; black, -kiryonon
beg, akilipana blade of grass, aiiayit
beggar, ekelipan blame, akiretakini
beget, awuri blanket, akimukos
begin, akisiauni, ageuni blaspheme, akinanakini, aki-
begin at, ameuni, ameari moro Elobim
behalf of on, kanuka
, bleat, akimono
behave tcell, akiaparit bleed, ais awokot
behind, kau bleed (tr.) akimat awokot
believe, akibusakinit blemish, ege
belch, akijera bless, ainakini areren'
believe, akiyuwuni blessing, areren'
bell, ekadon'ot, ekuma blind inan, emuduki, edopoiio
bellows, acukut to blind, akitumudukini
below, toma, kwapu, ajesani blink, adetanakini akonen
belt, amuuo blister, atakasit
bend, akikudo, akisukokini be blistered, atakari
berry, arait blood, awokot
beseech, akin'ayin'a blossom, to, aturo
beside, awayi blow, akikuto
best, -telekari kere blow up {tyre), akikutakiui
betray, abilakini ebotet apuru
betroth, akisineri blow nose, awunu
better, get,akicat blunt, be, anin'i
between, kokidin' board, ebawo
beicail, akimoiio boast, akilabalabana
bewitch, akicudo boat, atakere
beyond, okekwa body, akwan
bicycle, ekokoro boil, akiwalewale, akulamii
hid farewell, akiyogani boil {tr.) akipo kakipi
bier, adaket boil {s.), abus
big, -kapolon bold, -kadeden'
be big, apolo bone, akoyit
grow big, apolori book, ekitabo
bih. etolo boot, amokat
bind, akiyen booth, eswam
bird, akwen bore, apede
birth, awuri both, -are kere
bother, akitiyalon'on'i bubble, to, akulaimi, akibweli-

bottle, ecupa bweli
hough, atenut buffalo, ekosobwan
how, akabwa bug, elacit
bows (boat), ekume build, aduko
hoiv doivn akukokini
to, building, aduket
bowels, amoitena bull, emon'
boivl, ekeret, atibo, abuswa bullock, emasenik
box, esaduko bullet, aswalit, abyasit
boy, etelepat, esapat bully, to, akimwan', ailoliana
bracelet, aisinit btdrush, amusala

bradawl, emutu bunch, epanasiayit
brain, adam bundle, ekesit
branch, atenut burdened, be, akurwo >
brandish, akitaca burn, akicweyikini
brass, aisinit burn {in cooking), aitisisi
brave, -kadeden',-kagogon' be burnt {body), akim anama
break, abila, an'eda burst, akicil
breast, ekisin burst {intr.), abulori
breath, apuru bury, akida, akinuk
breathe, akiyen' bush, imoni
brethren, ikinacan bush buck, ederit
breiv, akicu but, kone
bribe, ainakini ibore but for, kedim
bride, ateran butter, akiiiet
bridegroom, eteran butterfly, apelipelet
bridge, elutindo buy, ajwela
bright, be, akinoko
brim, atokitoit cackle, akikekema
bring, ayauni cactus, ecicikwa
'
bring back, akiiiakuni cage, ayelit

bring in or out, akitolomuni calabash, atibo
bring up (child), akitanuni calf, otaoko
broad, be, alal calf of leg, epikisit
bronchitis, eluwera calico, egoye
broom, ajan call, akibaka, auarauni
brother, onace call out, akivvoro
brother-in-law, emuran calm, be, akinapakini
brov), ereet camel, egamira
brown, be, anan'a camp, aperis
bruise self, akinokosa campaign, eje
be bruised, akiniunumunu can, I apedoii
,
cancel, akitapaluni change husband, akiporo

canoe, atakerc character, epiten
cap, amaduli charcoal, atotol
captive, ekanuintai charge of, put in, akititin'ikini
capture, aikamuni charge, to, akicoro
carcase, akwan charm, a, ekiya
care, to, akibwaikini etao, aki- cJuxrred, be, asisi
yalon'on' chase about, akilun"ilun"i
acowuni, akiaparit
careful, be, chasm, eburi
carpenter, ekekion chatter, ain'obin'ob
carpenter's shop, akikeyis cheat, akin'ala, akisabana
atrry, adakari, {on head) aki- check, to, aitikokini
bwok cheek, ekitiiio
cart, ekokoro, egali chest {of body), atorobu
cartilage, etan'aroboboi chew, anaka
cartridge, abyasit chicken, imyot
carve, akigir chief, ejakait
case, akirot, emusago child, ikoku, esapat
cassava, edan'ala chill, akaterot
cast, to, acakari chin, epenek
castor-oil tree, ekakali chip, to, aipac
castrate, akidon' choke, aimyed
castrated aninial, emerukwai choose, aseonuni
cat, wild-, atawoi chop, akijep
cerval cat, ekwaro Christ, Kristo
aitch, akikamuni, arom Christian, Lokristayo
caterpillar, ekuru Church, Ekanisa
cattle,akituku, ibaren churn, akibuket
head of cattle, ebwasit to churn, akibuk, akiwok
cause, akirot cinder, atotolet
cave, abua circle, aikit
cease, akiiieyini ;
of rain, aku- circuit, nuike a, akimanimani
wari circumcise, akikepe
cent, asente citizen, lokakwapu
centipede, amuge civet, edokomun
certainly, cut cut clan, atekere
chafed, be, abulucari clap hands, akibg^pebap
cJuiff, grain of agugut, ayile clasp, atuuakini
cliain, erikot claiv, abclekek
chair, ekicolon' clay, elupe
chameleon, agougou clean, loelayi
change, aibelokini, ailoconari clean, be, alauni
to clean, akitalauni, akite- comfort, akitalakari, aipuduno

mokini command, akicorakini
clear {jungle), akidat commandmoit, ekisil
a clearing, aidatat commence, ageuni
clear, he {weather), amukuru commend, akimala, akiturit
cleave to, aiketakini common, lo atai
clever, he,apiryana communion, akimorikikini
cleverness, acowa, epiryanut companion, epapero
climb, adokari of creeper,
; company, atukot
akilya compare, akitem
cling to, akiketakini compel, akitin'amii
clock, esawa compensate, akigela
close, he, ayapye complete, adauni, arikakini,
close to {road), ainwok akitodol
to close lips, akipucakiui completely, cut cut, pitpit
to close up, akigolokini, concerned with, he, amaria
ainwok confident, he, arokana
closet, akipaii confirm, akitogogon'
cloth, egoye, aninayit, eki- conquer, apikori, akiren'iari
tambalat consent, akiyuwuni, acamuni
clothe, akitanap conspicuous, be, amukururu,
cloud, edowu aitoila
coat, ekoti co7ispire, akineruni
cohweh, elago constantly, apeape, tiritiri
cock, ekokoro consult, akineruni
cockroach, ejekelo contain, alosikini
cold, akaterot continue, akiyatakini
be cold, alilim converse, akiyala
grow cold, alilimyori convict, atubokini akii'O
cold in head, etutumi cook, ekepon
collar {of iron), arowi to cook, akipore
collect, akisek, akitiikonokini he cooked, akonori
collect firewood, akirara cool, to, alilimyori
colobus rnonkeij {red), cmabwo- copy, to, akituputori
ro cord, auno
colocijnth, etulelut corn, akima
cotnb, agiretait corner, agola
comb, akigire
to cotton, epampa
come, abuncre cough, to, awola
come ! biya ! council, elukiko, awuryanet
come hack, aboii'uiii counsel, to take, akineruni
come in or out, aloimini count, to, akimara
countless, ikepwaka crumpled up, be, aibilil

country, akwapin crush, to, akicikakini, aipicipici
courage, to take, aititin'kini cry, akimoii, akibworo
courtyard, alaro cultivate, aswam
cousin, onaci cunning, be, apiryana
covenant, atutuket cup, akoli, etwo, akikopo
cover, arapakinet, arapetait cup, to, akiraat (awokot)
to cover, akirap cure, akitin'aleuni
to cover self, akimuk curse, akilama
covet, akin'obel curtail, akepari, akidun'o
covetousness, ain'obelonut curtain, esagaiti
coio, akiten', abwasit custom, epoue
coward, ekurye cut, akidun'o, akitubo, ake-
cow-dung, aworet pari
cou/rie, esigirait
crack, to, aibwan'
crafty, he, aitutyari dagger, epima
crane, crested-, ewalu daily, tiritiri, n'ini par an
crave, to, amwit damp, be, atulum
crawl, akilya dance, to, akisom
cream, elububi, arurwaket na- dandy, he a, asegana
kakile danger, aronis
create, aisub dare, atitin'ori
Creator, ekasuban dark, be amusimusi, amutono
crevasse, eburi be dark in colour, akiryono
cricket, ejekelo dash down, to, akirutakini
cripple, en'walas date-palm, amusoga

crocodile, akinan' daughter, akoku, apese
crooked, he, akiri daughter-in-law, tataiti
crooked, -magulo dawdle, akijalijala
go crooked, akipun'okini dawn, to, acil akide
cross, emusalaba at dawn, tupurucu
cross-roads, asisiarin day, aparan
cross, to, atubori juwayi by day, paran
crow, ekuruk dazzling, he, amwemwe, apiri-
to crow, aruwo piri
crowd, atukot, ekodet dead, -katwan
to crowd, akicikakini deaf, -kimin'
crown, aboko deafen, to, akisik aki
crucify, akibubukini kokitoi dear, -minat
crumh, ararasit, apwapwa dear, to sell, akimodo
crumble, to, aipicipici death, atwanare
G
debt, apesen device, ebotet

debtor, lokenami apesen devily ajoket, Satan
decay, akibos devise, akitubo ace acowa
deceit, akin'alanut, etute devour, akinam
deceive, akisabana, akin'ala dew, akopyo
decide, akitubo akiro diaphragm, akwalikwali
declare, alimokini diarrhosa, have, alepo
decline, akin'er, aisimit die, atwanare, airidakini
= sink {of sun), aijos
to difference, atyaket
decorate, aitubus difficult, be, atyono
decrease, adyokori (of number) dig, aswam, aibok
of adityari
size, dig up, aikuro, akikutuni
deep, be, aidul diligent, be, aiiiikokini, aikoko
deepen, aiduloro dip in, akicun, akidomakini
defeat, apikori dirt, elosi, adayi
defend, aigalikini, aikini be dirty, amunauni, ejai elosi

defraud, akinam kepali, aki- dirty, -karonon
n'ala disciple, ekisisyan
delay, aiboyi, aijalijala disease, adeka
delight, akisialama disentangle, alacari
delirious, be, akilabalabana disgrace, eleyic
deliver, akitajara disgusted, be, akadakini
demon, ejoket dish, atuba, asanit
dense, be, airowdarwoda dislocated, be, aiponuni
deny, akin'er, akigir dismiss, akitwara, akijukari,
deny self, akisigirikini elopet akiren'iari
depart, alosit disobedient, be, alauni
deprive of, ademari disperse, akitisyarakini {(r.),
deputy, ekatikiro akisyarakini (n.)

deride, akyenari dispute, an'olopa, apega
descend, adokari, aikokorori a dispute, epeget
descendant, ecen dissolve, acalari, abawmii, aki-
desert, amodin', ameje dikyori
desert, to, akijalakini distinguish, atyakatyakauni
deserve, akibusakini distribute,akikorakini
desire, an'ata, akot, apuda ditch, ekikoru
desolate, be, aiswap, aicek, aisi- divide, atyakari, akitubo, aki-
likini koranakini
despise, akimen divine, to, amurwo
destitute, enamuret dizziness, elelebo
destroy, amodiari do, aisub
detour, make a, akiuac, akimani doctor, emurwon
dog, ekin'ok du^t, alup,adayi

donkey, asigiria akitotwa
to dust,
door, ekirigi dwarf, ekweter
door-way, ekeki
dot, aitakiiiet
doubt, ailamalama, akitolyo- each, n'in
nokini eagle, emorikalet
dove, ajweli ear, akit
down, kwapu ear of corn, alun'urat
go down, adokari early, tupurucu
come down, adokuni be early, akidil
dowry, ibareu earth, alupot
drag, ariyari, aporori the earth, akwapisinei
dragon-Jly, etatoyidodi earthquake, amarani akwapu
draw, akigir aputo east, akide
draw along, ariyari easy, be, abenen
draw out, awutuui eat, akinam, akimuju, adak,
draw up, akisukori (legs) akidyoma
dream, to, akiruja eat " dry bread ", akiban'a
dregs, asida, adakai eatables, inamat
dress ^, akinap
to, echo, ejayi emoru {— the hill
dress a wound, aimad sends back)
drink, aimat edge, akwaais ; atokitoit
drip, aisi, aiwo egg, abeet
drive aivay, akiren'iari egg-shell, abelekek kabeet
drizzle, atepitep eight, akankauni
droop, acogororo (as in weak- eighteen, atomoii kakan kauni
ness) eighth, -kakaii kauni
drop, ado (w.) ; akitodo (tr.) eighty, akaisakaii kauni
let fall in drops, aitonokini either, karai
dropsy, aitebukiiii elbow, esin'orot
drought, akamu elder, an, ekimat
drown, atwanare kakipi elepliant, etoiue
drum, atenusu, emidiri, eju- elephantiasis, erojaroja
gume eleven, atomon kape
drum-stick, aramet eloquent, ekenerau
drunk, be, ameret elsewhere, nenice, kamace
drunkard, ekameran emaciated, be, akwadara, ado-
dry, -kawonon koro
duck, ebatat embark, adokari atakere
dumb, eban'an embrace, atunakini
dung, aworet, acin empty, boni, atai
enable, atupedori ewe, amerekek

enchant, akicodo eoMlt,akitapolouni
end, awasya examine, akia'ic, akiro
to end, anan'a exceed, akitelekari
endure, akin'irikini except, nabarai
enemy, lokasurupi exchange, akiloconori, akisyec
engage, awote exert self, akikoko
England, Igilada I exhausted, be, ailoro
enjoy, akialamakini '
expect, amuno
enmity, asurupi expel, akiren'iari
I
enough, be, adauni, adoluni - explain, alimokini

enquire, akin'it extinguish, aituden'
enrage, aitakadikini extinguished, be, akidun'iori
entangled, be, akiyenianakini extraordinary, nakawumokini
enter, alomari, alomuni extremely, iioinoi
entice, akisukunusukununi, eye, akon'
akiyamuyamuni eyebrow, abukyoit
entirely, cut, pit eyelash, abukyoit
entrails, amoitena eyelid, abukyoit
entrap, ailok
entreat, akin'apn'a
entrust to, aineyikini fable, awaraga
envious, -kekokote face, akonen
envy, ekokote fade, ariiiori
epilepsy, ipumu faggot, ekesit
equal, be, aryanari, etya fail, akurwokini
erect, to, akiten, akisipokini faint, ailoro
err, apari, akicanicana faith, akiyuwuni
escape, akijara, akeri faithful, lomunot
escort, akinamakini fall, aibirori, ado
especially, akitelekari fallow, aryan'i
esteem, akiyon' false, -kan'alan
eternal, lo mam edaun fame, eyemutu
euphorbia, epopon', eligo famine, eten', ebeli
Europe, Abu ay a I fan, to aipukupuku
European, Emu.sun'ut far, kaniehvaua
even, be, ayakini to be far, ahvana
evening, emukoki farewell, yoga
ever, for, aparasia kere bid farewell, akiyogani
every, n'in fast, to, akilun'
everywhere, kere kere fast (arfj.) -keri noi
evil, aronis fat, asyepai
he fat, ataroui to make a fire, ainoko akim

grow fat, an'alekini, asye- firefiy, amuye
payikini fireplace, etem
father, papa firewood, akitor
father-in-laiv, emuran firm, -kagogon'
fault, akirot, emusago hold firm, akicat, akitogo-
fear, to, akuryanari, akerit gon'
feast, epucit, ainumimumu first (adv.), ber
feather, ajulot the first, -sodit
feeble, he, akalau, algn'wana to do first, akisiauni
feed, to, acoko, aitafiam, first horn, ekiyayi
fed, apupi fish, lukecore agari, ikapo-
;
fell, akijep rogo

fellow, epapero, loce to fish, akilok lukecore
female (adj.), naberu fisherman, ekalokan
fence, ariga fist, to clench, aluii'alun'a akan
fence in, to, arigakini fitting, be, akibusakini
ferment, aibinibiiii, akiku five, akaii
fertile, he, anonok flag, emeudera
ferule, ekatit flank, ewosit
fetch, aom, akerikini flash, to, amwemwe, amilia
/erer, ekamidi flat, he, ayakini
feiv, be, akidyoko flaw, ege
fibre, akopiton flay, to, akijen'
fbre, plantain, amugogot flea, ekadepit, apiuat
field, aswamis, amaua, emono flesh, akiriii'
fierce, -kadeden' float, to,akikale
fifth, -kikanet flock, atukot, asipan
Jifty, akaisakau flood, akalele
fig-tree, abon'ot, ekwalakwala floor, threshing-, epejari
fight, to, aje flour, akirya
Jill, akileleb flow, alele
be filled, alelebuni flower, aturot
fill in (solids), akisikakini flute, alumaru
filter, to, akijilil fly, ecucut
find, aafxuni, adumuni fo fly off, aporori
fine, to, akitigela to swarm (termites), akiuiiui
finger, ebokorit foam, akwetete
index finger, edotet to foam at mouth, akwiye-
finish, to, adauni, arikakini kwiyet, akilonori
fire, akim fog, elisiua, ekuna, erin'at
fire, big, asara fold, to, auimuk
follow, atupari take in front, akisin'areni

= come next, adufiari frown, anurudidi
folly, eban'anut fruit, arait
food, inamat bear fruit, aira,
fool, eban'an fry, to, akiwowa
foot, akeju fry-pan, akiwowas
for (prep.), use prepositional fxdl, be, akilelebuni
verb funnel, akejililet
for —
because, narai fur, ajulo
forbid, aisonopa, aisimit furnace, asara
ford, acilet fury, anunura
forehead, ereet future, in the, Iwaru, molo
foreigner, lokacekwapu
forest, amoni
forge, atatas gain, to, aanuni nuetelekarito,
to forge, atata akiyatakini
forget, amurwokini gall, epiyu
forgive, akisyoni game, aibolya
fork, ewuma; acin' gap, apedot
form in line, to, akiderakini, gape, aon'
akiterikini garden, aswamis
formerly, kolo, kolosek, asofia gargle, to, aikororo
fornication, adoteu garment, anapit
fort, ekigo gasp, akiyen'
fortune, areren', abara gateway, erute
bad fortune, ican gather, akiden'
forty, akaisaun'won = assemble, aitukonokini
forward, kakonen gather out, akikolari
foundation, amoru nusodit gaze, aseseni
four, -un'won gazelle, amyan
fourteen, atomon kaun'won generation, aturi
fourth, -kwon'onet generous, -kasyanan
foivl, akokoro, emadit gentle, be, apatana
frame, eripipi gently, to do, akiyapakini, aco-
free, to set, alacari, aosikini wuni
fresh, -kajonon, -palal get, aaiiuni
friend, epapero get off (punishment), aireyari
frighten, akitikuryanari get out of way, aosikini
fringe, atweli, ewula, ebwata get out ! irwo irya
! !
frog, edodok Ghost, Holy, Emoyo Lokalau-

from, use locative case nan
front, in, kakonen giant, lutikawojan
gift, ibore grand, be, an'osibibi, ada-

gigantic, he, aroromara, ato- kara
met grand-child, ecen, otatayit,
giraffe, ekori okoku
girl, apese, asapat grandfather, papa
give, ainakini grandmother, tata
give self up, akilun'akini grass, blade of, anayit ; col-
glad, he, akialama, alakari lective ana, edowan
gland, swollen, ececelo grasshopper, awojat
glass, looking-, aroyet grave, ates
glitter, to, amwemwe graze (cattle), adak
glorify, akitapolouni to graze shin, abulucari
glory, au'osibibi, adakara grease-pot, ekube
glow, to, akinoko great, -kapolon, -peti
glutton, he a, ebit, amwaua, greedy, he, abit, adwono
akiran' greed for meat, ekibel
gnash teeth, akiyemanakini green, be, (unripe, not dry),
ikela apalal
gnaiv, akiboyiboyi greet, to, akiyogani
go, alosit grieve, aitururu
go in or out, alomari grin, akin'iyin'iyitoi
goat, akine, ekoroi grind, airiare
God, Elohim :
grindstone, atapeu
gold, esabu '
griping pains, Jiave, amojiri,

good, -kajokan asionori
he good, ajok gristle, ewutune
goodness, ajokis groan, akidina
good-bye, yoga ! ground, akwapu
good-day, yoga ! ground-nuts, emaido
goose, atudot groto (plants), alibuni, aki-
gospel, egiri bwan'uni
gourd, ekeret, ekiboket, adere grow up (persons), apolori
govern, akipiiga, akiruui groivl, ainiruma
governour, ekapugan grudge, to, ainiik
grah, awnirupori I guard, to, akidara
grace, jxsyanut I
guess, to, adesyari
gracious, -kasyanan guest, epejonon
grain, a, akimait (of millet) guide, to. akiu'areni
threshed grain, alos guilt, emusago
malted grain, esip \
guilty, he, agwauui akiro
for seed, agegen guinea-fowl, atapin'
granary, edula, etuja, apama guinea-worm, eceu
gullet, elagoro headman, emunampola

gum, emina heal, an'aleuni, akusia
gutns, an'irit to heal {tr.), akitin'aleuni
gun, emudu healthy, -kajaran
heap (s.), etuti, atukot
toheap up, aitukokini

haarteheest, eloba hear, akiirari, apupi
habit, epone heart, etao, en'eriten
hcemorrhage, have, akibama heat (weather), akolon'
(awokot) heaven, akuju
haft, amuseno, akujup, amo- heavy, be, alan'iri
rok hedge, abwas
hail-stone, akakut hedgehog, apupu
hair, etimat, ajulot heed, to, aibwaikini etao
^vhite hair, akurwoit heel, atitibat, atatino
half, atubetait, abiletait, enu- heifer, ataoko
su height, awojao
hallow, akitalauni heir, lokeruman
halt, aibwo Hell, Geena
hamlet, ebot, ekyalo help, to, akin'arakini, aiyuuni
hammer, anul hemp, ejayi
hand, akan hen, akokoro
handkerchief, ekitambalat her, n'in, n'es ; poss. -ke, -ken'
handle, amuseno, akujup, herald, ekiyakyan
amorok herb, ediya
hang up, aterari, aikajakini, herd, asipan
ailoyikini to herd, acoko
hang down (head), aituluru herdsman, ekecokon
happen to, to, adoyikini here, ne, kane, lailo
hard, be, agogon', atyono, ani- hesitate, akilamalama, aito-
nik lyonokini
harm to, akonakini erono hew, akijep
harp, adeodeo hiccough, akisiga
harvest, akidwen, aisak hide, emukule
hasten, aisuni, awonuni akibwa, akimunono
to hide,
hat, amaduli, akopira to hide akin 'op
self,
hate, akila high, -kawojau
Iiave, aiboyi ka; ajai hill, enioru, ekitela
hawk, etori him, n'es, je
he, n'es, je, n'ol himself, n'es boni, elopet
head, akou hinder, aitikokini
headache, to have, -ryebi akou hippopotamus, emiria
hire, to, awote hunt, ameja, akikat

his, -ke, -ken' hunter, ekamejan
hit, to, ainom, akida hurry, aisuni, awonuni
hoe, emeleku hurt, aitiryebi
hold, to, arom, aikamuni, = be painful, aryebi, api-
aitin' pil, agirokini
hole, akipafi, apedot husband, okilen
hollow, be, amoligikini husk, akabubuket
holy, -kalaunan hut, akai, eswam
home, at, ore hycena, ebu
honest, -munot akweye
hydrocele,
honey, esike hymn, ekosyo
honour, apolou hypocrite, -kalyokon
to honour, akiyon'
hoof, emagegeiit
hook, ekode I, eon'
hop, to, akicodo idiot, eban'an
to hop about, akinaanakini idle, be, abwalari, apalisono
hope, amuno
to, if, arai
hope, amunonut if not, kedim
horn, amumwarat ignorant, le mam ajeni
hornbill, eban'a ill, be, adeka
hornet, akasekina, en'ole, be very ill, aronikit adeka
ekaturuturu illness, adeka
host^ ekodet, ajore illtreat, akonakini erono
hostile, be, areyit, asurupi image, aputo
hot, be, amwana imitate, aituputori
hour, esawa immediately, atipet, nati kwa-
house, etogo pukwana
in the house, togo ; toka, impale, akiyupakiui, akicu-
etc. makini
how ? ekoni ai ? impediment, have, akin'eja-
hoiv many, -mwayi, -mwa- n'eja, an'ajepana
sayi impertinence, epali, elepa
how often, irwana ai implore, akin'ayin'a
houi, anion impotent man, ebwocit
humble, be, aitasono imprison, akiyen
hump, arok impudence, epali, elepa
hundred, akaisatomon, akwa- in, toma ; also locative case
tat incest, commit, aitiolo, aiyelo
hunger, eten' incessantly, to do, asalauakini
hungry, be, aryebi eten' increase, akiyatakini
indeed, cut cut jug, amudumu

Indian, Logayi jump, akilamari, akicuru,
indigestion, have, adeka etao adetuni
infant, ikoku, isapat jungle, ayesu, amagoro
infant (adj.), yenikalyanan, just, -dolit
yenicici just now, napena, nan
inherit,akirum justify, aitijok
ink, ebwino
inside, toma, kotoma
instead of, kakiboyis ka keep, akidar, akin'adakini,
insult, akinioromoro akibwa
intelligent, be, apiryana keep off, aikini
intend, akot kettle,ebinika
intercede, akin'ayin'ayikini key, alacetait
interpret, akiduma kick, akipet
interval, apaki kid, ikoku kakine
intestines, amoitena kidney, en'aluru
invite, aiiarauni kill, akiyara
iron, asowat kind, epiten
iron-stone, en'aro kind {adj.), -kasyanan
is (copula), n'es, nes kindle, akinoko, akitulekini
island, ekido kindness, asyanut
it, n'es king, ekabaka
itch, the, ijipu kingdom, ajakanut
to itch, akipye kinsman, lokatekere
ivory, ekela ketome kiss, to, akino
kitchen, akipoyis
knee, akun'
jackal, ekuwe knee-cap, apurukucut
jar, amot, atakwa knife, ekilen'
jaw, abokon knob, akou (kebela)
. jealousy, alii,ekokote knock, anan', aikun kun'
jerk, to, akibwos to knock about, akidecideci
jest, to, akibolya knot, amajorot
Jesus, Yesu to knot, akirucokini
jigger, epusa knotv, ajeni
join, akirucu, akirotakiui hiuckle, akun' kebokorit
journey, alosit kraal, aujo
joy, akialama
judge, a, ekatubon
to judge, aitubo akiro labour, aswam
juice, akile lace, arokan
to lace, akirup less, grow, adikyori, adityari

ladder, adoket let, akiyuwuni, akisunup
ladle, akale let go, aosikini
lady, amukyalat let down, akijoluni
lake, an'ololo letter, ebaluwa
lamb, ikoku kamerekek level, be,ayakini
lame, en'walas liar, ekan'alan
lament, akitururu, akibworo libel, to, aiiianakini
lamp, etala lick, aime
land, akwapu lid, arapetait
dry land, kanewonit lie, aperi
language, au'ajep lie (falsehood), akin'ala
lap, to, akijakijak life, akijara
large, -kapolon lift,adakuni, akitoiiouni
last, -kawasya light, akolon'
to last, aiboyi grow light, ewalari akwapu
late, to he, aiboyi abimere to set light to, aicweyikini,
latrine,akipan ainoko, akitulekini
laugh, akyena to give light to, akinwaki-
law, ekisil tori
lay down, akitiperi light (adj.), -kabenen
lay hands on, akidokokini lighten, amilia to,
akanin lightning, ekipye, emilia edo-

lazy, be, apalisono, abwalari wu
lead, to, akin'areni, arikori like, to, akot, apuda
leaf, akiot, amugogot he like, esubi, aputori
leak, to, aisi, akiwo like as, kwaka, bala
lean, to, agon' lily, apecolo
to he lean, aisenit lime, bird-, emina
leap, akilama, akicuru liynp, akicodo
learn, akisisya, ajeuuni line, a, ekokoro
leather, emukule, amun to form line, akiderakini^
leave, aineyini, akinan' akiterikini
leave off, aikuwari (rain) linger, akiboyi, akijalijala
leaven, to, aisubuuni lintel, acunetait
left (hand), nakediyan lion, en'atiiii
leg, akeju lip, akitok
lend, akijmimi upper lip, ewunot
length, awojao listen, apupokini, akiirari
leopard, erisa little, -cici, -dit
leper, lokatapon a little, nepetai; also p. 40
leprosy, atapon a little time, nediocici
a little space, nediokasilon mad, he, akerepikini

live, akijara maggot, ekurut
liver, eman Mahomedan, Emuisiramut
lizard, akilelyan', ebobo mxiid, apese
load, a, arita maid-servant, ablesit, akira-
to load, aisibwok runa
loaf, emugati maimed, lejepep
loathe, akadakini main-road, elugudo
locust, emaase maize, ekurudidi, ekirididi
lodging, aperis make, aisub
log, akitoi — cause to he, aituluori
loins, an'abet inake friends, aipaperikini
lonely, he, aisilikini make way for, aosikini
long, -kawojan male, lokilyokit
he a long time, aiboyi malicious, he, amen'erana
he long, awoje man, ekilyokit, ekesa
to long for, amwit manage, apedori
long ago, kolosek, asona, / can't manage, akurwo-
pen'o kini
look for, akot, aibwapit mankind, itun'asinei
looTc at, aseseni, aro manner, epone
look round, akin'olin'ol mantis, ekicolon' kebu
loosen, alacari many, he, apwari
lord, ejakait march, alosit
lose, akitoolyo, acakari margin, ariri, atokitoit
lost, he, aolyo mark, ibore yenianunet
lots, cast, aicelakini market, akatale
loud, -eruwo noi, -epol epo- marrow, asomet
roto vegetahle, amonon
louse, elacit marry, aniaiia, adukokiai
love, amina marsh, acore
low, he, awuryana marvel at, awumokini
to loiv, ariiwo mash, akiguru, akican'ican'
loiver, akijoluui master, ejakait
of clouds, akijamijami master of, elopet
luck, areren' mat, emukeka
lull, akinapakini match, ekiberiti
lump, elon'oru to match, aryanari
lumpy, grow, akimon'mon' matter, akirot
lung, euko mature, -kapolon
lurk, akin 'op me, eon'
lust, aca (akoneii) mean, he, ainan
ENGLISH-TESO VOCABULARY 10&
meaning, apolou moment, edakika

measles, epuru mongoose, egwan'
measure, to, akitem monkey, edokolet, emabworo
a measure, akitemis, akite- monster, lutikawojan
mitait month, elap
meat, akirin' moon, elap
mediate, akitimorikikini more, use akiyatakini
medicine, ekiya moreover, kwabo
meek, he, aitasono morning, in the, taparacu,
meet, to, aryamuni moi
he meet, akibusakini morroiv, to-, moi
melt, acalari, abawuni mortar, a, ekisu
mend, akirucu, ainamakini mosquito, esirut
mercy on, have, akitim most, -telekarit kere
merry, he, alakari moth, epelipelet
messenger, ekiyakyan mother, toto
Messiah, Kristo mother-in-laiv, amuran
midday, paran mottled {cow), nayese
middle, in the, kokidin' mouldy, go, akiyinauni
midnight, at, kidin'ebai mountain, emoru
mighty, -kagogon' mourn, akibworo, akitururu,
mildew, akiyinauni akimon
milk, akile mouse, emiri
to milk, akilep, akiciri mouth, akituke
milk- pail, elepit move, ainin', akisukunari
millet, akima move away, akunari
mill-stone,atapen muoh, -polo
mind, never ! ekoni bai he too much for, akurwo
mind, etao very much, noi noi
mine, -ka, -kan' mud, erit, eporokoca
miracle, nakawumokiui muddle, to, akinalanala
mirror, aroyet Muganda, Emugandat, Emo-
miscarriage, ajecuni
miserahle, -kican multitude, atukot
misfortune, ecaii mumps, etuma
mislead, akitidyak, akitoo- murder, akiyara
lyori murderer, ekaaran
mist, elisina murmur, to, akirurunia
mistake, make a, akidyak muscle {of arm), akililyan
mix, akinala, asudokini mushroom, ebale
moan, akidina Musoga, Ecoloyit, Emuso-
mock, aisekelori gait
110 A HAXDBOOK OF THE ATESO LANGUAGE
must, use akibusakini at night, kware

mustard, ekaradali midnight, kidin'ebai
my, -ka, -kan' pass the night, aperi
mystery, nukakiyeya nine, akan kaun'won
nineteen, atomon kakan ka-
un'won
nail, finger-, abelekek kebo- ninth, -kanet kaun'won
korit ninety, akaisakan kaun'won
naked, emujal, lo titai nipple, atupanit
name, ekirore no, mam, be, mere
to name, amayikiiii nohody, mam
etuan
nape, emorisin' nod, to, akijan'
narrow, he, adidin', aridat noise, make a, aicela
nasty, he, arono, adwara nonsense, aban'anut
natioyi, itun'a, akwapii noon, at, paran
naughty, he, alepana nor, karaida
nature, awurunet north, ari naateten
navel, akapole nose, ikumes
near, he, ayapu not, mam, mere
near {adv.), kodye not yet, eroko, erin'a
nearly do, to, abuc nothing, mam ibore
necessary, he, akibusakini noiv, nat, nati kwana
neck, emorisin' noiv-a-days, aparasia kanu
need, to, akin'at, apuda number, akais
needle, akus nurse, to {infant), akitauak,
neglect, to, aineyini akisa
he neglectful, abwalari nut, emaido ; metal, egilut
neighbour, ekedunet
neither, karaida
nephew, ocen, ojajayit {of vocative), wu
nest, akai oath, take, akiyapo
net, eboyi ohedieyit, he, anonokari, aki-
nettle, ekenepi irari
never, mam aparasia kere obsolete, he, apaluni
nevertheless, kone obstruct, akitikuni
new, -kitetet obtain, aanuni
news, akiro, eyemutu odour, asakat, csayi
next {adv.), kosodi of, ka
he next to, adunari off, use locative case
nih, akwara offend, akitikadakini
nice, he, ajijim offering {to deity), asuban
night, akware offspring, awuri, iidwe
often, irwauipu ought, use akibusakiuit

oh ! otukwi ! our, -wok, -kosi
oil, akinet out, go, alomari
old, -mojon' come out, alomuni
old man, ekimat, lomojou' outside, kin'a
old woman, akimat of pot, box, etc., kokuju
omit, omit a
aineyini ; day, over, kuju
akitiperori, asala over there, n'ina, laije
on, use locative case overcast, be, ajikilil (akwapu)
once, atipet overcharge, akimodo
at once, atipet, nati kwapu- overcome, apikori, akitelekari
kwana overflow, alapuni
one, -diopet overgrown, be, akiswap
in one place, nepepe oversee, to, aananari
only, boni overshadoiv, akiteribori
only child, en'orit overtake, adolokini
open, to, apukori, an'a, alacari overthrow, aremori
open mouth, aoii' overturn, aibuburiari
open eyes, akweiiuni oive, I, ajaiapesen
be open {country), amukuru oivl,etukuri
opening, apedot oivn, my, loka boni
openly, to do, akibeyikini owner, elopet
opium, ejai ox, emon', emasenik
opportunity, apaki
opponent, lokekulo
oppose, agolonori, akitikokini pacify, akitanapakini
opposite side, on, okekwa ju- pad, aikit
wayi paddle, akin'ol
opposite to, he, aririkini to paddle, akikwan'
oppress, aimwan' ])age, epapulo
or, arai pail, milk-, elepit
ordeal, try by, akicweyet pain, feel, aryebi, apipil
order, ekisil paint, ekiya
in order, akisuduni
set palate, an'irit
akicorakini
to order, palisade, eiiga
ordinary, lo atai palm, amusogo
orphan, ekoki of hand, etao kakan
osier, aderut palsied, be, arikodo
ostrich, akulu pan, asupuliya, amot
ostrich plume, akopirot pant, akiyen'
other, -ce papaw, epapale
on other side, juwayi paper, epapulo
papyrus, aladot pelican, etolut

parable, awaraga pelt, to, aibiribiri
paraffin, akinet nuka Ameri- pen, ekalamu
kani penholder, amorok
paralysed, be, aryanari, ase- pencil, ekalamu
nit, arikodo penitent, be, akitironikini
parch, to, akitisis people, itun'a
pardon, akisyoni perfect, -dolit
pare, akikul perfectly, kotenaii
parent, -kawm'ian perfume, esayi
part, atubetait, abiletait, perhaps, diyat, arai
an'un'ubet perish, atwanare
to part, atyakari permanent, leboye cut
partridge, acocorot permit, akiyuwuni
party, ekodet perplexed, be, akitolyonokini
pass, akitoro, atubori, ade- persecute, akimaiiit
pari, ayekari persevere, akiiiikokini, aiko-
passion, anufiura ko
pasture, oron person, ekesa, etuan
patch, ikadopit perspiration, aninira
to patch, ainamakini perspire, aninira
path, eroto persuade, aisidiki, akiyami-
patient, be, akin'irikit, akiti- yami
tin'kit pestilence, adeka
pattern, ibore yenianunet pestle,arukit
paw, akeju photograph, aputo
pay, ainakini pick out, akiseoni, akirorono
pay back, atacakini pick up, akiseoni, akisek,
pay dowry, akiitari akido, akidep
pea, emaret picture, aputo
peace, be at, akinapakini, aki- piebald, ekomoli
dica piece, atubetait, abiletait
pearl, elulu pierce, ajiede, akicum
peasant, emukopit pig, epege
peck, to, akitodo pigeon, green, eluke
peel, akabubuket pile, a, atukot
to peel, akikul, akil)ut, ata- to pile up, aitukonokini
kari pill, ekiya lokiliko
peep into, akireyikini pillar, epiri
peg, aseit pillow, ekicolon'
to peg out, akibubukini, pimple, ikan'okit
akise pin, ekikwaso
pinch, to, adon' poor, -kican, ebabu

pip, icokat porch, adapawo
pipe, amot ka taba porcupine, ecoce
pit, akipafi porter, ekebwokon
pitch (tent), akilnihukini possess, use to be ; see p. 43
pitcher, amot possible, be, apedorio
pity, to, akitim post, ecoget
place, akiboyis posterity, icen
to place, akisipokini, aki- ]}ot, amot
bwaikini potato, acokit
placenta, au'asyep p)otsherd, atabok, atibolok
plague, etula potter, ekajan
plain, a, aputon potter's clay, elupe
plait, to, akije pounce on, aporokini
plan, a, ebotet pound, to, akiruk
to plan, aineruni, aicuruni pour, abukori
plant, to, akira poverty, ican
plantain, aliborit, etaget poiver, apolou, agogon', ape-
plaster, to, akirwat dori
I
plate, asanit I praise, to, akiturit, aimala

phy, to, akibolya pray, akilip
play, harp, etc., akiram prayer, nakakilipit
plead, arabi preach, to, alimokini
please, to, akitalakari :
precede, akigeyikini
plenty, be, aipwari I
precious, -joke noi
plot, ebotet prefer, aipuda
to plot, aicuruni pregnant, be, apotye
to plot against, abilakini prepare, aitemokini
ebotet present, a, ibore
pluck out, to, agoruui, aidotuni present, is, ejai nen
to pluck {flowers), akide preserve, akidara, akin'ada-
plume, a, akopirot kini
plunder, to, ainaga, ain'as press, aicu, akicikakini
I
pocket, eryago '

pretend, aituluori boni
point out, adotikini prevail, apikori
he on point of, akiapu prevent, atikokini, akisimit
I
make a point to, akiit '

price, akais
pointed, -itit prick, akicum, akicedecede
poison, ecudet, akisorit, ekayo pride, awon'onut
pole, epiri, ecoget priest, esasedoti
polish,akiswag prison, akidaris
pool, amotot, agurut prisoner, ekamuntai, -keyeuen
private, in, akiyeya put out (expel), akiien'iari
profit, to make a,aitobon' „ {extinguish), akitu-
,,
-promise, to, asumuni, akituden'

tukini put out {tongue), akimyel
prop, ecoget put lip {curtain), aterari
property, iboro put together, akirotakini
prophesy, amurwo python, emorotot
prophet, enabi
propitiate, akidyekakini
to make propitiation, abwa- quail, aluru
tarori quarrel, apega, an'olopa
prostrate, lie, aisudede, aki- quarrelsome, be, epegana
dulel quench, akituden'
protect, akidar, akigalikini, question, to, akin'it
aikini quick, be, aisunit, awoiiuni,
proud, he, awon'o akidodoro
prove, akitogogon' akiro quiet, he,akinapakini, akililin'
proverb, awaraga do quietly, aiyamakini
provoke, akisyeganakini, aki- quite, cut, pit
tunuiiuranakini quiver, amarani, airyeu'uiii,
puberty, reach, akitum akirikirik
publish, to, akitisyarakini,
akitebeyikini
pull, ariyari, akiporo rabbit, ipo
pull down, akiket rafter, akitoi uepetet
pull out, awutuni, aketuni rag, egoye leniiiila
pull up, adutuni, akiruto rage, anufiura
puUup{foodpla}tt),am\orum ragged, be, auinila
pull to pieces, akimofiuni rain, edowu, akiru
pumpkin, amonon to rain, atepi (edowu), aki-
punch, to, akinapinap limi
pupil, ekisisyan rainboiv, etaluka
pupil of eye, ecopot raise, akitofiouni, adakari
pure, -kalaunan raise from the dead, akitaja-
purposely, use elopet ejeni runi
pursue, aitup ram, emcrckek
pus, abulon to ram down, aisik
push, aremori, ajukari ransom, alakuni
put, akibwaikini, aipiikini rather, akitekelarit, gwai
put away, akibwa rattle, akaye
put on, akidokokini to rattle, akiyek
put on clothes, akiiiap rave, anera atai atai
raw, -kajonon repair, akirucu, akinamakini

razor, ebareuit repay, akitacakini
reach, adolori repeat, abon'okini
read, akisoma repeat after one, akijauni
ready, be, akitemonokini repent, akitironikini
real, -kabeit reply, abon'okini
really, cut report, a, eyemutu
reap, akisak, akidyeii to report, alimokini
rear, to (child), akitanuni, aki- reproach, akiretakini
to,
topolori request, to, akilip, akin'ayin'a

reason, akirot rescue, akitajara
rebel, to, ain'erokini resemble, aputori
rebuke, akiretakini resign, anouni
receive, ainakinio resin, akuletait
receive a guest, aisukununi resist, aitikokini
recline, ariyodikini, akicuma- respect, to, akiyon'
kini rest, the, -epaikis
reconcile, akitimorikini to rest, akiyen'uni, akibwo-
recover (find), aanuni rari
= get well, an'aleuni restore, akinakari
red, -karen'an result in, to, aibe}dkini
redeem, alakuni resurrection, ajaruni, akwa-
reduce, akitidyokori runi
reed, agada, amakada retch, amyedanari
reed-buck, ekale retreat, abon'ori kau
refresh, akisiyen'uni return, abon'uni
refuge, a, an'opis = give back, akinakuni
refuse, akin'er, akigir, akimik reveal, apukori
reign, to, akiuam ajakanut, revenge, take, areyit
akirum revere, akiyon'
rejoice, akialama, alele, alakari revile, akimoromoro, ainana-
relative, -katekere kini
release, aosikini revoke, akitapaluni
relish, a, ediya revolt,akin'erokini
rely on, amuno reward, a, epera
remain, apaikini to reward, ainakini epera
remember, akiituui rheumatism, aromait
remind, akisiituui rib, aniaranait
remove, ayare rice, eniupuga
rend, akicila, akigwaragwara rich, -kabaran
renounce, akin'er be rich, abara
re7it, apedot riches, abara
rifle, emudu run, akeri

right {hand), naateten rupee, arupiya
aU right ! ekoni bai ! aso ! rush, amotari
set right tcay tip, akibelori rust, aimasikini
righteous, -dolit
rim, atokitoit
rind, akabubuket Sabbath, Esabiti
ring, a, egilut sack, eryago
ring, to, aruwo {intr.) sacrifice, asuban
awutari
riot, to, sad, be, aitururu
ripen, akonori safe, be, ajari
get over ripe, aiwumakini sag, to, akilajilaja
ripe (adj.), -kakonon saint, -kalaunan
rise, anouni sake of, for the, kanuka
rise from the dead, ajaruni saliva, akimola
{of sun), akin'iyuni salt, abalan'
river,esamai, atapara, ecore salute,akiyogani
road, eroto same, -diopet
roar, to, aruwo sand, aputon, asin'e
roast, aipeyi sandal, amokat
roh, akoko, ainaga sap, akile
robber, ekokolan, ekan'atan sarcastic, be, akyenari
rock, atiba, amoru Satan, Satan
roll, to, aikokoro satisfied, be {with food), aimo-
roof, eswi, atunuru nikini
room, etogo satisfy, akitimonikini, akita-
root, akeju lakari
rope, auno savage, -kadeden'
rot, akibos, awumakini save, akitajara
rough, be {water), alun'ulu- saviour, eketajaran
n'uni savour, asakat
round, be, alun'uru saw, emusumeno
rouse, to, akitikweiiuni, aki- say, alimiini, atemari, abala
toiiouni scald self, anomori
row, to, akikwan' scab, asalabait
set in a roiv, aderakini scar, apore, agerasit
rub, akirigi, akiswag scarcity, eten'
rubber, emupira scare, to {as birds), akitwara,
rule, akiruni, akipuga akiren'iari
ruler, ejakait scattered, be, akisyarakini
rumour, eyemutu scholar, ekisisyan
rump, ewosin school, akisisyas
scissors, amakasi separate, to, akityakari ; aki-

scoff, asekelori dyek
scold, akiretakini serpent, emun
scoop, a, akale, awokit servant, eblesit
to scoop up, aiwok, awaduni maid servant, ablesit, aki-
scorch, akitisis raruna
scorn, to, akimen serve, akijaanakini
scorpion, ekiriton serve food, akidut
scout, a, ekabokan set, akibwaikini, aisipokini
scrape, to, aikis seven, akan kaare
scratch, aiko
to, seventeen, atomon kakan kaare
scream, anion, aicela seventh, -kakan kaare
screiv, iisinit seventy, akaisakaii kaare
scrub {s.), ayesu, ikitwi sew, akidoiio
to scrub, akirigi shade, to, akiteribori
scum, arurwaket shadow, etolim
sea, an'ololo shaft, amor ok
seal up, to, akipucu shake, akilakilaki, akijan'i-
seSrch, akot, abwapit, akiri- jan'i
ayiria shake head, akimun'imun'i
season, ekaru shake up, akiwok
dry season, akamu =
tremble, aniarani
ivet season, akiporo sham {illness), akitedekakini
to season, akigurokini aba- shame, eleyic
Ian' put to shame, aisirum eleyic
seat, akibo}ns shape, aputo
to seat, akisiboyikini share, to, aityakanakini, aiko-
second, -kiaret ranakini

secret, -kakiyeya sharp, be, akwaua; of taste,
see, aseseni, aafuini, akiteyi adwara
see far off, akiteluori sharpen, to, akipen, akiit
seed, a, ekiiiomet, ecokat, slmve, abaren
akimait sheaf, ekesit
seek, akot, akimo, aibwapit sheath, akui*aru
seem, asubi shed, epem
seize, aikamuni sheep, emerekek
self, boiii, elopet shell, cowrie-, esigirait
sell, aijwela shelter, to, akimece
semsem, ekanumit shepherd, ekecokon
send, akiyakyari, akijukari shew, akitodikini
send away, akitwara shield, ebuku
sense, acowa shine, acauni
ship, emeri skin, amuiio

shiver, amarani skull,abelekek kakou
shoe, amokat sky, akuju
shoot, akigum slack, be, akilajilaja
shore, ariri slander, to, asabanakini, aki-
071 shore, koitolima rayikini

short, be, awuryana slant, to, akitiri, akitukum
shoulder, ekeper, epura slap, to, akibap
shout, akiworo slave, eblesit
shreivd, he, apiryana sleep, ajo, aperi
shrink up, aiyanari go to sleep, ajotori
shut, agolori be sleepy, akijan'
sick, be, adeka slice, to, akibenibena
vomit, akilek sling, to, aporocari
sickle, ecilikiki slip, ajurusyari, abuc
side, at, awayi be slippery, arurut
side {of body), amarana slope, a, aikokorioret
of house, esyep slowly, do, akiyapiyapi
*
sift, akilep small, be, adit
sigh, akidina small, -cici, -dit
sign, ibore yenianunet small-pox, ekodoi
silence, to, akitililin' smart, to, apipil
silent, be, akililin' smear, to, akinono, akiworo-
silly, eban' woro
sin, aronis, nukaronok smell, awuru, akin'u
to sin, akicanicana smile, an'iyin'iyitoi, akene-
sinner, lokacanicanan kenetoi
since, narai netinan, netikolo
; smith, ekatatan
sinew, amorit, aputyot smoke, apuru
sing, akiye, ayore to smoke, aimat taba ; aki-
single, -diopet bwan'abwaii'a
sink, to, akiduwari smooth, be, ayakini
sir, Ipapa, Ejakait, Kapolon smoulder, aipuruni, anudinudi,
sister, kinace asaran
sister-in-laiv, amuran snail, ecelet
sit, aiboyi snake, emun
site, akirinaset snap fingers, adowari
six, akan kape snare, to, akilok
sixteen, atomon kakaii kape a snare, eic
sixth, -kakafi kape snatch, awurupori
sixty, akaisakan kape sneeze, aikariso
skim, akigalala, arurwakini sniff, akin'wonori
snore, akin'oror spine, egura

so, kwan'ini spirit, emoyo, ajoket, etoil
so great, lo etya nen spit, to, akiserica
so and so, emutan, loce spiteful, be, akisomo
soak, akiriyuni spittle, akimola
soap, esabuiii spleen, etida
soft, be, anonok enlarged spleen, anwac
soldier, eserikalet split,akibet acila ;
solid, he, amucara spoil, akicanicana, amunauni

some, -ce sponsor, ekabwaan
sometime, Iwaru spoon, akale
sometimes, kaparasia spot, akisorit, akemer
son, okoku spotted {animal), naitwali-
song, ekosyo twala
soon, nat spread, akipet, akisyarakini,
soot, etulia akiloyikini
sorcerer, emurwon spring, a, akonen kacore
sorcery, ecudet spring up, to, alibuni, ade-
sore, ajeme tuni, arwauni
sorghum, imomwa sprinkle, akirwayirwa, aibwa-
sorry, he, akitururu tanakini, aipnro
sorrow, ican sprout, akibwan'uni
sort, epiteii spy, ekabokan
sound, to, aruwo squeeze, aicu, aicik,
sour, he, adwara squint, aryet akonen
south, ari nakediyaii stab, akicum
sow, to, akiye stagger, agetanari
space, apaki stain, to, amunauni
to space out, alaanakini stake {for digging hole), akutar
spare, to, akitim, aifieyini stalk, akitoi, anayit
spark, a, atwenit, atwentwen stammer, akin'ejan'eja, an'aje-
sparkling, be, amwemwe pana
sparrow, auiporit stamp, to, akicak
speak, akiuer stand, akibwo
spear, akwara stand on, akicak, akipuda
neck of spear, etwale star, akacei'it
to spear, akicum stare, akiteyi, an'anit akonen
spider, asimokok start hence, ameari
spider's web, elago start thence, ameuni
spill, abukori starre, atwanare eten'
be spilt, adetauari stay, apaikini
spin, to, aiwoji steal, akoko
steer, to, akiteteii string, auno

step, a, adoket string of beads, akwatat
stern {of boat), ekori stri]? {bark), akipac
steward, ekan'adan striped, he, akori

stick, a, ebela strive, akikoko
for digging holes, abasan, strong, he, agogon'
akutar stubble, ariaii, aragonit
to stick {tr.), aminayikini stumble, aigwiyikini
= cling to, amodumoduni stump, ekomyo
he sticky, aminayi stupid, eban'a
stiff, -kagogon' succession, put in, akisudunit
^
still,eroko, erin'a suck, ainak,

be still, akinapakini, akililin' suckle, akitanak
sting, to, akikono suddenly, atipet
stir, akin'o, akigm'u die suddenly, atulari
stocks, eloyit suffer, akicania
stomach, akoyik sugar-cane, ekatola, aseremait
stone, amoru sulky, be, abutari
iron-stone, en'aro summit, akou, awayitin
cooking stone, akyala summon, anarauni
grindstone, atapen sun, akolon'
to stone, aibiribiri amoru Sunday, Esabiti
stoop, akukum superfluous, be, adeyuni
stop, to, aitikokini, ainwok supervise, aananari
= leave off, aiiieyini support, adakari, akigan'it
— halt, akibwo surely, cut cut
store, akin'adis surpass, akitelekari
storm, edowu, ekwam surprised, be, awumokini
straight, be, aiten surround, agolori, akirigauni
straighten, akiteten surviving child, ekipoliauna,
strain, akijilil ekijuulara
strainer, aijililet swallow, a, aniodyalat
stranger, -kacekwap to swallow, alikori
strangle, akimyede swamp, acore, ecowa
strap, amuno swear, akiyapo
stray, akidyak, apari sweat, to, aniiiira
stream, acore sweep, akipyeyi
strength, agogon' sweet, be, ajijim
strengthen, akitogogon' swell, abuuni, aitebukini
stretch out, ariyori swim, akidu
strike, ainom, akida, akibela, swoon, ailoro
akitodo sword, ekileu'
synagogue, atukos termite, ekon'ot, acoroi, amiji-

syphilis, ekurara, en'uti mijit
syringe, adiririet terrify, aitukuryana
test, akitem, arowanari
testament, atutuket
table, emesa testicle, etout
taboo, etale tha7i, rather, akitelekarit
tail,ekori thank you, yoga
take, ayare, alemari, ademuni thank, to, akimala, akiyogani
take back, akinakari that, n'ol, n'in, je, ya
take hold of, akitiu', aika- {to say) that, ebe, atiari
muni thatch, to, aiswap
take further off, akisuku- thatch, ebwiya
nari thee, jo
take ill or out, aitolomari their, -kec
talk, akiyala then, kosodi
tall, -kawojan there, nen, mama, u'ina
tamarind tree, epeduru there is not, emame
tame, to, aitililin' these, lu, nu
tangled up, be, ainunukono- they, kes
kini thick, be, alan'iri
tapeivorm, eritanit thief, ekokolan
tare, egitu thigh, amorwo
tassel, atweli thin, be, ayeriyeri, akisenit,
taste, to, akiir akon'o
taste nice, ajijim thine, -koni
lose taste, apapanari thing, abore, ibore, imodobore,
tax, emusolo idioboie
tea, ecai think, awomit
teach, akisisyanakini th ird, -kiwuniet
teacher, ekisisyanakinan thirst, akure
tears, akiyo / am thirsty, kajako akure
tear, to, akicil, akin'ed thirty, akaisauni
to be torn, aicilil this, lo, na, yen
alimokini, abala
tell, thither, nen, n'ina
temple, eyekalu thorn, ekukwai
temple of face, amaten'et those, n'ul, kwi, kwa
tempt, aicoduni, aisidiki though, karaida
ten, atomon thousand, elukumi
tender, -nonok thread, ewusi
tent, ewema to thread beads, akirupakini
tenth, -tomonet threaten, akitukuryana
three, -uni toss about, aryan'

thresh, to, akiram touch, atirori
threshing floor, epejari tough, be, agogon', aninik
thrice, irwana auni towel, aninayit
throat, eporoto, elagoro track, esokot
throb, adus, ajepijepi to track, akin'ic
through, use akitoro trade, to, akigela
throttle, to, akimyed transparent, be, aorori
throw, acakari, akibirokini trample on, akipuda, akicak
thumb, ebokorit lokapolon translate, akiloconari
thunder, to, aretiini trap, a, eic, aryotit, akunuma
thus, kwana, kwan'ini to trap, akilok
thy, -koni traveller, ekalotan
tick, emadan'it treat {well or ill), aikonakini
tickle, aikidikidi treason, ebotet
tie, to, akiyen tree, ekitoi
airucokini
tie knot, tremble, amarani, airyen'imi
tie crosswise, ailokonikini trench, aleles, ekikoru
tighten, aiketakini tribe, lukakwapu
till, akitodol trip, aigwiyikini
time, esawa trouble, ican
times, irwana, akatenak to trouble,akicania
tij),en'aren to be troubled,akiyalon'on'i
tired, be, apas trousers, epale
to, mama ejai trowel, abasan'
toad, edodok true, -kabeit
tobacco, etaba truly, cut cut
to-day, lolo trumpet, arupepe
toe, ebokorit trust, to, amuno
together, nepepe, ncnipe trust, amunonut
to-morrow, moi truth, abeit
day after to-morrow, moi kace try, akitama
tongue, an'ajep •
tube, emalit, epiyi
too, ido, da tumult, ecelet
tooth, ekelai, aiieyitait, esiri- tumult, make a, awutari
kedait turn, abelori, abelokini
top, akou, en'aren take turns, ameanakini
on top, kokuju tusk, ekelai ketome
torch, akalas twelve, atom on kaare
torrent, akalele twentieth, -kakaisareyi
tortoise, ekolodon' twenty, akaisareyi
torture, to, aitiryebi tmce, irwana aare
tvnn, emwatununi value, akais

twist, apopiri, aiwoji vanish, aolyo
twitch, akirikirik vapour, apuru
two, -are vegetable, ediya
vein, amorit
vengeance, take, areyit
udder, awaket venom, akisorit
ulcer, aj erne verandah, ebarasa
umbilicus, akapole verdict, give, atitubo akiro
umbrella, asoto verily, cut cut
unable, be, akurwo, mam ape- verse, ekokoro
dori vertigo, elelebo
unbind, alacuni very, noi
uncle, eja, mamayi, amororu very well, aso, kikoni nepe-
uncover, apukori nen
under, toma vex, akicania
undo, an'a, alacuni, akilak victorious, be, apikori
understand, apupi, ajenvmi village, ere, ebot
urvdress, alacuni egoye viper, emusaga
unfold, ariyori virgin, apese
unkind, be, mam esyana visible, be, akitaanuni
unlawful, ka etale visit, to, ape jo, akilat
unless, nabarai visitor, epejonon
unload, awuknmi voice, eporoto
unripe, -kajonon vomit, ailek
unthatch, akiket, akiywele- votv, to, akiyapo
ywele vulture, atarukot
until,akitodolo
up, kuju
upright, set, akitena, aisipokini wag, to {head), akimun'imun'
uproar, ecelet wages, epera, eiiiusala
uproot, akidut wail, akimon, akibworo
upset, aibuburiari waist, an'abet, akabo
urine, akulam wait, aiboyi, akidara
us, oni, syo wake, akweiiuni
usually, lem walk, alosit, akisakasak
utterly, cut, pit wall,arwatat
wander, apari, akidyak
want, akot, aipuda, alwa-
vain, be, awon'o, akilabalabana ritoi
in vain, atai war, eje
valley, aditot, amukurat warm, -kamwanan
be warm, amwana well, get, an'aleuni

warm self, akipyer west, to
warm up, akitamwana atulum, apalalari
wet, get,
warn, akwenari, arebirebi wet season, ekiporo
wart, ekatometomet what ? no ?
wart-hog, eputiri what do you call it, ibore
wash, akilot, akilon' yen
waste away, adokoro, asenit, wheel, ekokoro, enamusiga
akwadara when, na, wori ?
he ivasted, amadin'ikini where, nama, ai?

watch, esawa where is, hali, bani, abeya
to watch, akidara, akiteyi ai
water, akipi whet, akipen
water-buck, epoli whether, arai
make water, akilwat which, eiioina, anoina
water lily, ekorom while, a little, nediokasiion
water, deep, abor whip, arokan, ekiboko
wave, akipi nvielun'ulun'una- whir, to, akiruruma
ros whirkvind, etapipirio
wax, amadi, akape whisper, ainera akiyeya
way for, make, aosikini whistle, akiyeiia
get in the icay, akiteribori, white, he, akwan'a, alilyamit
akitikokini whiten, to, akitakwan', aki-
we, oni, syo talauni
weak, -kalaiian whither, ai ?
weakness, akalananut who, loi, le, etc., see p. 46

wealth, abara who ? n'ai ?
wear, to, akinap whole, kere

to wear out, amojon'ori whore, naerinion
weary, he, apas why, kanu ki no ?
weather, akwapu wick, akopiton
weave, akije wicked, -karonon
weh, el ago wide, be, alal
weeds, edowan, ina widow, apuserut
to weed, aicap wife, a])eru
weep, akimon akiyo wild, -ka ayesu
weevil, ckitelek wilderness, amodin', amagoro
weigh, akitem wilful, be, alauni akiro
well, -kojokan win, to, apikori
well ! aso, ejok, yoga wind, ekwam
very well, ekoni bai window, adiri.sa
well (.s.), atan wine, abino
wing, abebenuk wrinkled, he, asukokini (amu-

ivink, akiyede akon' nino)
winnowing tray, erite wrist, akelenasit
mpe, anina, amwatari, aki- icrite, akiwadika
pwat, awuiiari {nose) wrong {s.), aronis
wisdom, acowa do wrong, akicanicana
he ivise, apiiyaiia go wrong, apari, akidyak
loish, to, akot, apuda, ain'at
tvitc/i, akacudau yam, abaton
with, nenipe ka yard, alaro
wither, awonori, akirinori yawn, aon'
witness, ekaanunan, ekapupan year, ekaru
woe, ican yell, akiworo, akimon
wolf, epeet yelloiv, he, amomot
woman, aberu yes, eebo, eeca
womb, akoyik, aliliget yesterday, byan
wonder, to, awumokini yet, not, eroko, erin'a
wood, akitoi yield, to, aineyini
work, to, aswam yoke, eloyit
ivorld,akwapisinei yolk, edos
ivorm, ekuru, eritanit yonder, kan'ina
U'orn out, -mojon' you, yes
worship, to, akikukokiui ijoung, -cici
worthy, he, akibusakinit your, -kusi
wound, amusun'ut yourself, jo boni
wrestle, awota youth, etelepat
FIRST PHRASES FOR NEW ARRIVALS.
What is your name
Ekonikirore n'ai ?
?
Where is my Hali bo ekatelepat ?

hoy ?
What do you call this in Teso ? Ibakasi no yes kAteso ?
I am here {a servant). Eon'o bo lo.

/ am coming. Abunit.
Whafs his name ? Emutan, or loce.
I want a hoy. Akoto etelepat.
Do you want a hoy ? Ikoto etelepat ?
Where do you come from ? Hai bo obukusi ?
Who is your chief? N'ai papakoni ?
Can you read ? Ijeni akisoma ?
Can you cook ? Ijeni akipore ?
/ know a little. Ajeni nepetai.
Go and ask your chief to give you a character. Kolot mama ejai
papakoni koyinaki ebaluwa arai ijok jo.
Have you served any other European ? Kijaanakini ece Emu-
sun 'ut ?
—
What wages do you want ? per month ? per year ? Ikoto —
—
emusala no ? n'ol elap ? n'ol ekaru ? —
What work do you know ? Ijeni aswam anoina ?
/ ca7i cook too. Ajeni akipore da.
/ can wait at tahle. Ajeni akibwo komesa.
I don't understand. Mam apupi.
Do you understand ? lira ?
/ understand. Eira.
I will give you \0R per month. Ainakinene arupiyana atomon
n'ol elap.
I agree to that. Eyuwunit eon'o da.
/ won't agree. Mam
eyuwuni.
I will give you only eight. Ainanakini akaii kaimi boni.
7 want twelve. Akoto atomon kaare.
When will you come ? noxv ? Ibuni wori ? nat ?
126
Ijetme go'and fetch my things. Kalot kaom ikaboro.

/ will come to-morrow. Abuni moi.
What are you doing ? Isubi uo.
I am doing nothing. ibore asubi. Mam
Where have you been to ? Ilosit ai ?
7 liave been visiting. Alosit akilat.
Where 1ms the boy gone ? Alot etelepat hai ?
I don't know where he has gone. ajeni mama alosit.
Mam
Go and fetch him. Kolot konarau.
Talce this letter to . . Koya ebaluwa
. lo nama ejai. . . .
I don't know the place. Mam ajeui u'ina.

Go and enquire. Kolot akin'it.
Yoic must guard the house. Ipaikini akidara ore.
I want to go to the fort. Alosit oikigo.
Where is the road ? Hali bo eroto ?
Come along, I ivill guide you. Biya, kin'arenikinoi.
Where is the officer ? Hali bo lokapolon ?
He is out. Emame.
He is away. Kolot.
He will come back to-morroiv. Ebon'uni moi.
When will he return ? Ebon'uni wori ?
/ don't knoiv, sir. Mam ajeni, ipapa.
Has he gone ? Aloto ?
I think he lias gone. Esubite bala alot.
ril go and see. Kiiie kaloto kaanu.
He has just gone. Alosit n'ipe n'ini.
Where do the Europeans live ? Eperinete bai Imusun'unu ?
Where are the Indians' shops 1 Halu bo itogoi ka Lugayi ?
Go this way and turn to the right (left). Kitoro lailo, kopa
korot lokoteten (lokokidiyan).
Ask Kin'it eserikalet n'ul.
tJiat soldier.
Take me market.
to the Koyayi kakatale.
Let us go to church. Kaloto okanisa.
Take my chair and books to church. Koya ekakicolon' kiki-
tabono okanisa.
Come with me. Kobu kaloto.
Bring me some water. Koyununai akipi.
Will rjou interpret for u^ ? Iloconori jo akosikiroto ?
I am going out to ... to dine. Lolo mam aiiami kane, alosi
nama ka. . . . _
What is this for ? No bo eswamai ibore yen ?
Here is a present for you. Kainaki ibore yen.
. LEARNING THE LANGUAGE. '
/ want to learn Teso. Akoto ajenuni Ateso.

/ do not know Teso. Mam ajeni Ateso.
Will you teach me ? Kisisyanakini ?
/ agree. Eyuwunit eon'o da.
Is there a hoy ivho knows English ? Ejai etelepat lejeni Amusu-
n'unu ?
What is this ? No bo yen ?
What do you call this ? Ibakasi no bo yen ?
What is the name of this ? Ekekirore no yen ?
Repeat it ; I didn t hear. Kobon'oki bobo mam eirara. ;
Is that right ? Kwapu kwan'ini ?

Did I say that correctly ? Alimoki kojokan ?
Is that good ? Ejok ?
Speak slowly so that I may hear. Kiyapiyapi, keira.
You said it badly. Mam itidolit.
It is nearly right. Ayapu adolori.
How must I pronounce this ?Akiro nu ekoni enera ai ?
Spell by letter.
it letter Kotyakonu inukntana ediope ediope.
Put more emphasis on .... Kolimoki kagogon' . . .
Say it Kolim kwana.

thus.
/ don't quite understand. Eroko ejenuna.
I can't understand this word. Kakm*wos akirot na.
Let us read. Aso kasoma.
Wait a bit. Kine ber.
Say this tvord. Kolim akirot na.
You said it well. Inera jo kojokan.
You read first. Aso kin'areni jo.
Let us leave off here. Kanan'a ne,
I am tired. Come back. Apas. Kobon'u.
Come back in one hour. Kobon'u ketubori esawa
ediopet.
Coine again this afternoon. Ibuni nat ebon'o da.
Will you come and teach me every day ? Ibunene akisisyana-
nakini n'ini paran ?
We will read to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. Kisomi moi
isawana iare.
Don't come to-morroiv ; I have some ivork to do. Sirikobu moi
ejai aswam.
When shall I come ? wori ?
Al)uiii
What is your name ? Ekonikirore n'ai ?
Daudi. Eon'o ca Daudi.

Where do you live ? Iperinene ai ? {temporarily).
Whom do you belo)ig to / Ijai nama ka n'ai ?
The first word, last word. Akirot nesodit, nakawasya.

Let us gofer a walk and talk as we go. Kaupasi keyalayite.
TRAVELLING BY LAND.
Boys, wake up, get up. Itelepai, kokwenutu, konoutu.
Beat the drum. Koram atenusu.
Call the porters. Konarau lukebwokok.
T/iey refuse. An'ero.
Tie up all the things quickly. Kisuuasi akiyen iboro kere.
Make haste. Kisuuit. Kisuiiito (plural).
Do you hear ? lira ? lirasi ?
We hear, sir. Kiira, ipapa.

Is tJiefood ready? Akono akimujo.
Well, bring Aso, koyau.
it.
Have you finished your meal ? Idautu akifiam ?
We have not yet eaten. Eroko syo enama.

Be quick and eat. Kisuiiite akifiam.
Where is Yakobo ? Hali bo Kakobo ?
He is over tliere. Ejai n'ina.

Call him. Konarau.
There is no more water. Adaunos akipi.
Pick up your loads. Kibwoka.
We are one porter short. Emame lokebwokon ediopet.
One has run aivay. Akera ediopet.
Another refuses to carry. Aii'era ece akibwok.
/ am ill. Adeka eon'.
My foot hurts ; I can't walk. Aryebi akeju mam apedori ;
alosit.
/ am not strong enough. Enonok akwan {my body is feeble).
I will stay here. Apaikini ne.
You're a humbug ; get up and catch hold of this. Ejai epali jo
konou, kirom.
You must take this. lyayi lu.
/ won't carry anything. Mam abwoki eon'.
Who carries the bed ? Hali bo leyayi aperit ?
Wliere is the man who carries this load ? Emugugu lo hali bo

elopet ?
Yolc there, hurry up ! Jo ba lo, kowonuni

Put it in this bag. Kibwaiki oryago lo.
Tie up the bedding quickly. Konunuk iboro lumukos ; kisunit.
Where is the padlock ? Hani bo aiyenet ?
/ have not seen it. Mam aanuna.

It is lost. Aolyo.
/ can't find the key. Aolyo alacitait.
WJml wages shall ice get ? Kiyap arupiyana amwayi ?
And hoiv much for food ? Kinami no ?
They ivant three rupees each. Ekotosi n'ini tuan arupiyana
auni.
Where shall we sleep ? Kiperi bai ?
That is a bad place. Erono n'ina.
There is no food to be had. Emamete inamat.
We ivill sleep here. Kiperi ne.
Where shall we pitch the tent ? Kibubukini bai ewema ?
Pitch it here. Kibubuki ne.

Tighten the ropes. Kiriya aunoi.
Where is the chief? Hali bo Ejakait ?
Go and salute the chief Kolot koana Ejakait.
Wait a bit, let us ask the chief. Kineyis ber, ken'ita ejakait.
The chief is aivay visiting. Emame ejakait, alot apejo.
This man is left in charge. Eiieyinitai lo.
He has gone Mbale. Kolot Kalugu.
to
The chief is coming, he greets you. Ebunit ejakait, kiyogai.
Will you give me a place to sleep in ? Aye na aperi.
Where shall the porters sleep ? Lukebwokok eperite ai ?
Ask the chief jjerhaps he will give them a house to sleep in. Kin'it
ejakait arai einakini na eperete.
;
How many are you ? Imwasi yes ai I
Headman, come here. Enapala, biya.

Send some men for water. Kijuka lukaomak akipi.
And some for firewood. Ka lukararak akitor.
Let them bring plenty. Korarata ipu.
/ have already sent them. Adau akijukari.
Pick out a guard. Kolem lukedarak.
Let them keep watch in turns, two hours at a time. Komeana-
kinos akidara, n'ini tuan isawana iare.
Bring some fresh grass to spread in the tent. Korut ana nuejo-
kak, kopeta ewema.
You must keep guard. Idari jo.
Light afire here. Kinokoki akim ue.
You must build some huts. Iswaputu iswamiii.

/ liave brought you this fowl, millet fiour, eggs, potatoes. Kayu-
nunit akokoroi, akiiya, abeyi, acok.
/ am very pleased. Kemala uoi.
Thank you very much. Kiinaki, yoga.
There is only flour to be had. Ejai akirya boni.
Here are some cents, go and buy food. Apesana nu, koloto
kogwelata iuamat.
Will you give me some milk ? Papero, kiinakini akile ?
Will you sell me a goat ? fat sheep ? Kitejele akine ? emerekek
emasenik ?
The chief has sent you this sheep. Kiinaki ejakait emerekek elo.
Are there any mosquitoes here ? Eja ne isiru ?
Yes, very many. Eeca, ipu noi.
Put up the net. Kotera akatimba.
They tvill bite us badly. Kiiaamete noi.
Look out, there's a snake. Koaiiu, emun n'ol.
Where ? I dont see it. Hali bo ? mam eanunit.
The rain has ceased. Ekuwa edowu.
It is going to rain. Elimi nat edowu.
It is still drizzling. Eroko elimilimi.
Give me my umbrella. Aye asoto.
It is getting dark. Ewara akwapu.
Give us a torch. Koyinakinai akalas.
It is daylight. Ewala akwapu.
lAght the lamp. Kinokoki etala.
Where have you put the matches ? Ibwaiki ai ekibirit ?
Go to sleep, all of you. Kojotorosi kere.

Stop that noise ! Kililin'a.
What are you quarrelling about ? In'olopasi no ?
We ivill start very early to-morrow. Kidili moi sek.
Before daybreak. Kidili kware.
Jtist at dawn. Aien'o akide.
You must awake me. Kitikweiiuni.
Where does this path lead to ? Elosi bo eroto lo ai ?
Is this the road to ... ? Kitodoli eroto lo . . . ?
Yes, this is it. N'es n'ol.

This is the road. Eroto lo.
Which is the road ? Hali bo eroto ?
No, go back. You have passed it. Mam, kobon'o. Idepa eroto.
Does this path come out on to the main road ? Eroto lo etubo-
kini elugudo ?
Is it a good road ? Ejok eroto ?
The road is grown over. Eswapet eroto.

Hoivfar is it to Kumi ? Adolori Akumi epaiki apaki etyai ?
About ten hills. Arai ikitela itomon.

About two hours. Kwaka isawana iare.
You are nearly there. lapu adolori.
It is a long ivay yet. Eroko elwana.
It is onlya short distance now. Ejai apaki nedit noi.
How many hills yet ? Epaikis ikitela imwap ?
Hoiv many times shall we sleep on the road ? Kiperi imwasayi
korot ?
Are there no rivers ? swamps ? Mam isama ? acore ?
There are some rivers but they are bridged. Eja isama, kone
etindatai.
There are holes. Eja apanar.
It is broken through. Kipedonokini.
The water is deep. Ipu akipi.
Go carefully. Kiyaparite.
Is there no other good crossing ? Mam ece edoket lokajokan ?
Yes, but it is a long way off. Ejai, elwana.
Well, let us try here. Aso, katama ne.
It is slippery here, and there is a lot of mud. Erurut noi ne,
epol eporokoca.
Come here you and carry me. Jo ba lo, biya kodakarai.
/ can't manage your weight, sir. Mam kapedori, ipapa.
Noiv go slowly. Aso kiyapaki.
/ nearly fell then. Otukwi, akoto aibirori.
Take care there ; this stone, stump. Kwapu nen amoru !
n'ini, ekomyo n'ol.

You lead the way. Kin'areni jo.
Where are you going ? Ilosi bai ?
/ am going back home. Abon'ori obukosi.

/ am very tired. Apas noi.
This is all jungle and unbridged rivers. Kane aiyesu boni
kisama lu mam etindatai.
This is impenetrable. Mam kipedoii aitoro ne.
Walk close to me and do not get separated from me. Kaupasi
iare, sirikityaka.
Carry my bottle. Konap ecupa.
Where have you been to ? Ilosit ai ?
Why are you so late ? Kanu ki no kiboyo ?
/ had forgotten. Kemurwokinit.

The cow won't give any milk. Agiri akiten' akiciro.

My bicycle is broken. Abila ekakokoro.
Is there any one ivho has another ? Ejai etuan lejai ece ekokoro ?
Tell the chief to lend me his machine. Kolimoki ejakait kainaki
ekekokoio.
Blotv up my bicycle. Kokotaki ekakokoro.
Your tyres are flat. 31am ajjuru ikoniinupirana.
The tyre is punctured. Apedokini emupira.
There is a thorn in it. Ejai ekukwai.
Do you know how to mend a puncture ? Ijeni ainamakini
apedot ?
Clean my bike. Kopwata ekakokoro.
The chai)i is broken. An'eda erikot.
The screw is lost. Eolyo isinit.
The nut is gone. Eolyo egilut.
The nut has come loose. Alacuni egilut.
IN SCHOOL.
Beat the drum. Koram atenusu.
Let them come in. Kolomutu.
You stand up. Kofiou jo.
All stand. Konoutu kere.
Let us sing. Kayoto.
All sit. Kiboyikinos kere.
All kneel. Kokukokinos kere.
Let us pray. Kelipa.
Silence. Kililin'a.
Shut your eyes. Korapa akonen.
Don't you talk. Sirikinera jo.
It is time. Adolu esawa.
Let us stop. Kefieyis kwan'ini.
What time is it now ? Nati kwana imwasai isawana ?
Repeat all together. Kobon'okis yes kere.

/ will lead. An'arenit eon'.
Do this way {plural). Kikona kwana.
When I give Kalimokis.
the word.
One hour. Ediopet esawa.
Half-an-hour. Abiletait kesawa.
/ want to read. Akoto akisoma.
Have you not learnt before 1 Mam kolo isomenene sek ?
'No,I have not read before. Mam kolo asomenene.

I can read the alphabet. Asomai inukutan.
I can read syllables. Asomai nukimorianakina.
Read this. Kosoma ne.
/ can't. Try. Mam ajeni. Kotama.
Read this. Kosoma ne.
Come here, sit in this class. Biya kiboyikini atukoto ; na.
You read ; now you. Kosoma jo kosoma jo da. ;
Whose class are you in ? Ijai katukot ka n'ai ?
/ am in {the class) of . . . Ajai nama ka . . .
You read first. Kin'areni jo.

Where do you come from ? Ibuni kai ?
/ have just come. Abuni nat.
Have you only just come ? Ibunere jo napena ?
Come in here. Kolomu ne.

Go outside. Koloma kin'a.
Do you hear ? all hear ? Ipupi ipupyete kere ?
?
Do you all understand ? Yes, ive do. lirasi kere ? Kiira.

/ did not quite hear. Mam apupi kotenan.
Has any one not understood ? Ejai le mam eirarit ?
Who Jcnoivs this ? N'ai ejeni akiro n'un ?
Well, tell us. Aso, kolimokinai.

/ know. Ajeni eon'.
Sit nearer here. Kokufiu ne.
You are very stupid. Iban'ana jo.
Where did we leave off yesterday ? Kinan'ite by an ai ?
Let us commence at verse three. Kisiautu kokokoro lokiwuniet.
Let us read the fifth chapter. Kasoma esula lokikariet.
You are very hie. Iboyi noi.
Why are you late ? JJo bo kisiboyi ?
/ have been to .Alosit
. . . . .
Where have you been ? Kijai nan ai ?

/ have been visiting. Alosit apejo.
You have not washed your face. Mam ilon'it akonen.
Your clothes are very dirty. Emunaros noi ikonigoyen.
Go and wash them. Kolot kilot.
You are a very dirty child. Ipalisono jo.
DonH sit near the others. Sirikikunaki mam eja luce.
This boy has jiyyers. Ejai ikoku yen i])u.sai.
Go outside and take them out. Koloma kin'a kodot.
/ hace not a pin. Mam ekukwai.
Here is a safety pin. Ekikwaso lo.

Have yoxi been baptized ? Not yet. Djatisatai Eroko. ?
The teacher has not come. Mam lokesomesai ebuno.

Where is he ? Ejai bai ?
We don't know. Mam kijeiii.
This one will teach you. Kisisyanaki lo.
Come and Biya kitasoma atukoto ua.
take this class.
Go and take that class. Kolot kitasoma atukoto ya.
Wfiat are you afraid of, my child ? lyou'i no, ikakoku ?
What are you crying for ? Imoni no ?

He has hit me. Kenom eon' lo.
He has been abusing me. Kamoro eon' lo.
Give out the slates. Kokoranaki amorii.
Hold your pencil thu^. Kitin' ekalamu kwana.
Loosen this joint. Kitononok akun'i na.
Don't hold it so stiffly. Siritogogon'it.
All of you look here. Yes kere kisesenete ne.
Watch me lorite this. Koanutu nu awadikai eon'.
Look at this. Koro nu.
Write the letters upright. Kotenakit inukutan.
Slope the letters. Kitirit inukutan.
This must go through the line. Etubori lo ekokoro.
I'his must go on the line. Kitiriani lo kokokoro.
You have written very crookedly. Itolionoki noi.
Don't you want to learn ? Mam ikoto aijenuni ?
Won't you send your child to school ? Ikonikoku mam ijukanari
akisomis ?
/ have brotight my child to be taught. Ayaunit ikakoku akisi-

syanakini.
IN THE HOUSE.
Boys, come here. Itelepai. kopotu.
Where is the boy ? Hali bo etelepat ?
John, come here. Kowana, biya.
He is not here, sir. Ipapa. emame.
Make Jiaste. I am coming. Kowofiuni. Abuuit.
He has gone visiting. Alot akilat.
Bring me a cimir. Ko^ninunai ekicolon'.
Put it here. Kobwaiki ne.
Bring it here. Koyau lailo.
Where are my hoots ? Hanu akamuka ?

Bring the bath-water. Koyau akipi nukilon'et.
Put some water in the basin. Kobukoki akipi abakuli.
Throiv out this water. Kobuko akipi nu kin'a.
Put in more hot ivater. Kiyataki akipi nukamwanaka.
The icater isn't boiliug. Eroko akoko akipi.
Has the water really boiled ? Akulata cut akipi ?
This water is cold. Alilimyoto akipi nu.
Bring the tea. Koyau ecai.
It is not quite ready. Eroko ekono.
Hurry it up. Kisunite.
There is no more tea. Edaun ecai.
Take away these. Kolema nu.
It is still there. Eroko ejai.
It isno longer there. Mam bobo ejai.
Shall I put it away ? An'adakini ?
Put in 7nore. Kiyataki.
Shall I give you more ? Kiyatakini ?
Pour into the cup. Kobukoki akikopo.
Give me another cup. Aye ece akikopo.
/ am bringing it. Ayaunit.
Is the food ready ? Ekono akimujo ?
How long will it be ? Ekoni wori ?
Lay the table. Kitemoki emesa.
How many will there be for . . . ? liiamete imwasai ?
We will have dinner at seven o'clock. Kiilami nat esawa lo-
sodit.
Go and ask . to lend me two chairs.
. . Kolot kin'ayin'a . . .
kainaki ikicilon'or iare.

Siveep this room. Kopye etogo lo.
Have you finished ? Nearly. Idau ? Aapu adauni.
Not yet. Eroko.
Have you brought it ? lyau ?
/ am still doing {it). Eroko eswamai.
Haven't you done ? Eroko idauna ?
Where is it ? Hali (hani) bo ?
What are you doing ? Isubi no ?
Make the bed. Kopet ekitada.
Open the door, ivindow. Kon'a ekeki, edirisa.
Close it. Kogoloki.
Dust here. Kotwa apwa nu.
/ have no duster. Mam iborc atwaria.
Put dowti these mats. Kopct innikekana lu.
Bring the brush. Koyau ajan.

Wash these clothes. Kilot igoyeii lu.
The soap is finished. Edaun esabuiii.
/ have Hashed {them). Elot.
Hang out these clothes. Kolowanaki igoyeii lu.
There is no cord. Mam ca auno.
Don't tear these. Sirikicili lu.
Bring some dung and smear in here. Koyau aworet, kowo-
roworia ne.
Bring the lamp. Koyau etala.
The chimney is broken. Ebwan'a ekirawuli.
Put in some oil. Kobukoki akiiiet.
This leaks. Epedokini na, or Eisi na.
PiU me a button on this garment. Egoye lo kodonoki apesa.
Sew this. Kodoiio lo.
Undo this box. Kolaca esanduko lo.
Put it in the store. Koya ogwanika, or kakin'adis.
Give me the key. Aye alacitait.
/ can't find the key. Eolyo alacitait.
Is it not so ? Mere kwan'ini ?
No, it is not so. Mam, mere kwau'ini.
What have you been doing ? Kisubi no ?
/ ivas merely sitting down. Eboye atai.
You are lying. In'alai.
You are cheeky. Ijai epali jo.
/ am not lying, sir. Mam
enalai, ipapa.
You have done very ivrong. Isubi jo nueroko uoi.
Stop; leave off! Kiue kwau'ini!
Wait a bit ! Kiiie l)er !
WJiat made you do this ? Kanu ki no isubi jo mi ?

Why haven't you done it i Kanu ki no mam iswama ?
It is my fault.Etelekarit eon'.
/ am very angry with you. Keswopaki uoi.
// you do this again I shall dismiss you. Arai bobo kirucaki,
keren'iari.
I dismiss you. Keren'ia, kolot.
/ have come to you I am going back home.
tell Abunit akitwara,
abon'ori obukosi.
Has he not come yet ? Eroko abuno ?
He has just come. Abunori n'ipe u'ini.
I want to go out for a whik. Akoto aidilat.
May I go visiting i Alosi ailat ?
Don't be long. Sirikiboyi.
/ am. going out for a stroll. Alosi adikisakasakat.

/ am going to lie down ; don't let any one disturb me. Alosi eon'
ajo ;sirikisimik etiian abuuori mama ajai eon'.
Who is that talking so loudly out there? Lukan'ai luecelasi
kanen ?
Be quiet, all of you. Kililin'a yes kere.
Sir,I Jiave no clothes. Ipapa, mam ibore anapit.
Here is some cloth for you. Aso, egoye lo.
/ want trousers. Akoto epale.
Remind me to-morrow. Isiitukini moi.
Who is guarding the house to-day ? N'ai bo leteyi lolo ?
Sit here and mind the house. Kiboyikini nen itere.
You must stay in the house. Ipaikini jo togo.
You must come with me. Kitupuni jo.
Let us go together. Kaloto kere.
Sir, lend me three rupees. Ipapa, koyunai arupiyana auni.
When will you repay me Itacakini wori ?
.?
You may deduct them from my ivages at the end of the month.
Itubori ekamusala kedolo elap.
/ woii't lend you any. Mam
kayuuni.
COOKING.
Light a fire. Kituleki akim.
Call the cook. Konarau ekipoii.
Come here, let me tell you {what to do). Biya ketodiki.
Go and look for him. Koloto kokou.
Wash your hands. Kilot akonikanin.
Wash these {pots, etc.). Kilota nu.
What shall I cook now ? Epoyi bo no ?
DonH hum the bread. Sirikitisis imugatin.

Bake two loaves. Kipo imugatin iare.
Kill this fowl and. boil it. Koara akokoro na kipo akipo.
Shall I kill this goat noiv ? Aari akine na nati kwana ?
Cook the meat first and then the pudding. Kisiau akipore akirin',
kosodi konen kipo epudin'.
Cut it thus, and fry it. Kotiibotubo kwana kiwowa.
Here is butter for frying. Akinct na na iwowa.
Don't have the fire too hot. Kinokok akim edit.
Warm this up. Kitumwan elo.
Here is Akile nu, abeyi nu.
milk, eggs.
Ski)n off the cream. Kigalala arurwaket.
Churn the butter. Kibuko akinet.

Stir this flour tvell in water, that there may he no lumps.
Kiguru noi akirya nu kakipi, kiiie akimon'omon'a.
Cook it for an hour in the saucepan and then fry it. Kodau ber
akipore kamoti esawa ediopet, kosodi kowowa kakiwowas.
Cook porridge in the morning. Ipoyi moi porigi.
A tin opener. Ekilen' loitubo akikopoiio.
The water is boiling. Akulata akipi.
We want food ready at one o^ clock. Kikoto kokono atap isawana
akan kaare.
This is spoiled. Ecanicanuni lo.
Boil some eggs hard, then cut them in slices and put them on the
lettuces. Kipo abeyi kokoko noi, kotubotubo kibeuibena,
kosodi kobwaiki kodiya.
Bread crumbs. Ararasia nukemugati.
Take hold carefully. Kiyamakite.
BUYING AND SELLING.

What are you selling ? Igweli no ?
Will you sell me .? Kitigweli
. . ? . . .
/ am not selling anything. ibore agwelia. Mam

/ want to sell these ground-nuts. Agweli emaido lo.
How much you take for it ? lyuwuni imwasayi ?
will
You are asking too much. Kimodo.
All right, I will buy it. Aso, kagwela.
Bring the scales and weigh this. Koyau akitemis, kitem na.
Will you buy this skin ? Igweli emukule lo ?
There is a man selling Ejai etuan legweli
. . . . . .
/ don't want any. Mam akoto.

T/iat man is a swindler. Enami noi kepali.
These are over. Edeyunos lu.
TJiere are three short. Epaikito iuni.
Add another rupee. Kiyataki arupiya adiopet.
Will you buy some oil ? Igweli akinet ?
How much a bottle ? N'ol ecupa imwayi ?
Will you bring me milk daily ? Kiyununune akile n'ini
paran ?
Will you sell me fish daily ? Kitigwelenene iboro lukecore
tiritiri ?
How much for this goat ? Akine na igweli imwasayi ?

You want too much, I cant buy it. Mam, iyekarct noi, mam
epedori agwela.
Will you sell me a cow in milk ? Kitigweli akiten' netanaki ?
This is an old one. Akiten' na amojon' noi.

Has this home a calf? Akiten' na keurit kolo 1
This cow has ceased hearing. Akiten' na adon'e.
Is it a good milker ? Ecirio kotenan ?
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
Who are you ? N'ai jo ? lukan'ai yes ? (plur.).
Where are you from ? Ibuni kai ?
Who has sent you ? N'ai bo kiyakunit ?
I've brought this letter. Ayaunit ebaluwa lo.

What do you want ? Ikoto no ?
What are you doing in here ? lomut no kane.
Clear out at once, go away ! Koloma, kisunit !
/ have come to accuse .Abunit awosa ka.

. . . . .
/ have come to tell you Abunit alimokini.

. . . . , .
Who is your chief? Ekonijakait n'ai?

/ say, whose boy are you ? Jo ba lo, loka n'ai jo ?
Sit here and ivait for a letter. Kiboyikini ne, kidari ebaluwa.
He told me to make haste. Abala nes ebe kowoiiuni.
Go and fetch the chief here immediately. Kolot konarau ejakait,
kobu ne atipet.
Take this letter to the chief. Koya ebaluwa lo mama ejai
ejakait.
Tell that boy tocome back and fetch a letter. Kolimoki etelepat
n'ol kobon'u koomu ebaluwa.
What time is he to come ? Ebuni isawana imwasayi ?
Come here, I want to send you an errand. Kobu kayakya.
Run quickly, don't idle on the road. Kokeri, sirikiboyi korot.
Tell them to hurry. Kolimoki kowonunete.
Do)t'tfail to take it. Sirikimurwoki ayare.
Be .sure to come to-morrow. Sirikimurwoki abunore moi.
Come again at one p.m. Ibon'uni isawana ikau kaare.
Stop a bit, you just wait here. Kiiie ber. kiboyikini ber ne.
To seal a letter. Aminayikini ebaluwa.
You must hoist this flag every day. Ikajanakinene emendera
lo tiritiri.
Take down the flag every evening at six o'clock. Kikajununene
emendera n'ol n'ini paran isawana itomon kaare.
You must keep watch here till twelve. Kidari ne akitodol
isawana ikan kape.
Till morning. Akitiwalari akwapu.

Till dark. Akitiwara akwapu.
Go and see wliat tJiat man is doing. Kolot mama ejai etuan
ii'ol,koaiiu ibore esubi nes.
I'll is person has stolen my coat. Akoko lo ekakoti.
Are tjou quite sure ? Ijeiii cut ?
How do you know ? Ikoni ijeni hai ?
Well, come at ten o'clock and have the case tried. Ipote ca
akiwosa isawana iun'vvou.
What did you say ? Ibala ai ?
You hold your tongue. Kililin' jo.

What is that to you ? Ijai jo akiro n'un ?
It doesn't matter. Ekoui bai.

You are lying. lu'alai.
/ am not lying to you. Mam kin'alai.
DonH tell me lies. Sirikin'ala.
/ won't agree to that. Mam eyuwuni n'un.
It is your fault. Akiro nukoni.
/ sJiall fine you three rupees. Ketegeli arupiyana auni.
/ shall deduct it from your ivages. Atubi ekonimusala.
Don't answer back. Sirikilim bobo.
Tliese men Iiave been fighting. Ikesa lu ajiyosi.
This one is drunk. Emera lo.
Are they drunk ? Emerasi ajon ?
Bring them to the court-house to-morrow morning. lyauni moi
•"•lukiko.
Be quiet all of you. Kinapakinos kere.
Whkt are you interposing for ? Kanu kino ilomaria jo ?
You are interfering in our business, qicarrel. Ibirokini akosi-
kiro, akosin'olopa.
You must compel him to come. Itin'auni abunere.
This man is no good, he can't work. Elon'wana lo, mam
epedori as warn.
This num does not know hoiv to work. Mam lo ejeui aswam.
Take this man and put him in the cJuiin gang. Koya ekesa lo
koyenai korikoi.
How many people have you in your district ? Eja ituu'a imwa-
sai kakonikwapu ?
How many / Imwasi

houses are there itogoi ai ?
Go and count. Kolot komara.

Well, how many ? Aso, imwai ?
How many have not paid their hut tax yet ? Epaikiuto imwasai
lu eroko elema emusolo ?
142 A HANDBOOK OF THE ATE SO LANGUAGE
When will you finish the tax ? Idauni wori emusolo ?
How many people have died in your district this last year ? Lu
atwaka kakonikwapu okaru letubori imwasai ?
We want you to cut a road here. Kikoto kiryeu elugudo ue.
GAKDENING.
Start from here. Komea kane.
Burn jungle and then clear the ground.
this Kicwe ber aiyesu
na, kosoete konete akidat.
Find six labourers to help you. Kokou ipakasak ikan kape
kin'arakis.
When will you finish ? Idauni wori ?
Dig this piece over, so that Kiswama ne, kasoete

we may sow.
konete akiye.
Pull up all these weeds. Kocapa edowan lo kere.
Pick up all these stones. Kirara amoru nu kere.
Carry these and follow me. Kodaku nu kotup.
Here are the seeds, go and sow them. Ikinomo lu, koloto aiku-
rukuru.
Take these seedlings and plant tliem out in rows. Koya idiasya
lu, kira ikokorono.
Plant one at a time, so far apart. Kira ediope ediope, ilaana-
kini apakio kwana.
Hang up these seeds to dry. Koloyiki ikinomo lu kowoko.
Tie them up in fibre and hang them in the house. Koyen kamu-
gogo, kikajaki togo.
Take great care of these. Kidari noi lu.
Water these flowers every evening. Aturo nu kobukokinene
akipi n'ini ebon'.
The seeds are no good, they will not grow. Ecanicaninos ikino-
mo, mam ebwan'unete.
Put in some sticks for these to climb on. Kira akitor koliayikis
lu.
Piece some fibre and tie them up. Korucu amugogo koyen.
Make a frame for these tomatoes. Kosubu eripipi lokinanana lu.
Bring a basket and put in this fruit. Koyau edita, kobwaiki
araitor nu.
Make a jmth here. Kotu])o ne croto.
Mix some sand and earth. Kinala asin'e kalup.
Pour a pot of water on to the root of this tree. Ekitoi lo kobu-
koki atorom adiopet amoti nakakipi.
Tell a boy to pick off these caterpillars. Kolimoki etelepat

kolemana ikuru lu.
Repair this hedge. Kitemoki abwasi na.
Plant a hedge here. Kobwa ue abwas.
Clear up here and take the husks and burn them. Kokaka ne
koya agugu kicwe.
Take away this grass. Kokaka ana nu.
Have you finished ivatering those plants ? Idau abukouokini
akipi idiasyo kwi ?
Don't tvalk on my garden. Sirikipudai ekamana.
Drive away the birds. Kotwara akwiu.
A jackal has eaten them during the night. Eiiama ekwe kware.
Where have you put my spade / Ibwaiki ai ekameleku ?
BUILDING.
We will build here. Kiduki ne.
Help me measure.
to Kegero, kin'arakini.
Give me some pointed pegs. Aye iloyin lueitit.
Take this tape over there. Kitin' aigiritait, koya n'ina.
Pull it tight. Aso kiriya.
Put in a peg. Kibubuki eloyit.
Dig holes here. Kobok apaiiar ne.
Here is a measure for the depth. Akitemis na naibokia akwapu.
Bring thirty poles this length. Koyautu ipiiino akaisauni
luiryana akitemis na.
Fetch tiventy-two more. Kiyatakis akaisareyi ka nuare.
These are no good, they are crooked. Eroko lu, eriete.
Cut off the pole here. Kodun'o ne epiri.
Chop it here. Kojepa ne.
Make a fork on the end of this one. Kikeyo ikela epiri lo.
Erect it in this hole. Kodaku kosipoki akipan na.
Make scaffolding. Koyena adoketa.
Now then climb up. Aso, kodokasi.
Put up this beam. Kikajakis akitoi ua.
You climb up too. Koduka jo da.
Ram in earth. Kisika.
This pole is not straight in the hole. Epiri lo mam eteni kakipan.
Now it is right. Aso etemokini.
More this way, that way. Lailo bobo, laije bobo.
You three go and tread mud. Yes luuni koloto kocaka alupot.
You five go and carry bricks. Yes lukan koloto kibwoka ama-
tppalin.
Send tiventy men to get grass. Kijuka akaisareyi airut ebwiya.

These poles will not suffice. Mam edaunete ipirino lu.
Well, send ten men to cut more. Aso, kijuka itomon kojepa ice.
Measure that pole. Kitem epiri n'ol.
Is long enough ?
it Edolit ?
This piece is badly huilt ; take it doicn again. Iduko ne erono ;
kilakasi.
Pull doivn this house (old). Koketa etogo lo.
Go and fetch the thatcher. Kolot konarau lokaswapan.
Cover it up with grass. Korapa aiia.
Tell the thatcher to come to-morrow morning. Kotema loka-
swapan kobii moi.
Whiten the walls noiv. Kiworoworo nat ekurwon togo.
Send six men for ashes. Kijuka itun'a ikafi kape kooma
ekurwon.
Fetch my small saxv. Koom ekamusemeno locici.
These nails are short. Ewuryaka imusumalin lu.
Adze those hoards. Kike ibawono n'ul.
Yoxi clear out, I dismiss you. Koloto jo, katwara.
Catch hold of this. Let go. Kitin' na. Koosik.
Throw me that rope. Kocakakinai auno n'ini.
Throw it there. Kocaka n'ina.
Hold tight. Kitogogon' noi.
Now come down. Kodoku kwapu.
Come up here. Kodoku ne.
Hand me the hammer. Aye anul.
Climb up and bore the holes in the rafters. Kodoku jo da,
kipedepede akitor.
Have you bored them all ? Ipedepede kere ?
All but three. Epaikis auni.
This roof leaks. Ewoye etogo lo.
Fetch some grass to repair it. Kolot korut ebwiya kiswap.
There are lots of white ants here. Ipu acoroi ne.
They ivill eat up the house. Ecanicanete etogo.
Where shall loe build the cowshed ? Kiduki ai aujo ?
Here on our boundary. Okikoiuwok kane.
We have finished the work. Adaun aswam.
Give me my wages. Aye ekamusala.
Headman, here are rupees, pay the men their wages. Eriapala,
arupiyana nu, kokoranaki lukeswamak kere.
rniNTKD \rt GitKAT Bkitain iiy Kichard Clay & Sons, Lihitco,
UllUNSWICK ST., 8TAMK0UD BT. 8.B.. AND BI'NGaY, SUFFOLS.

,
UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
AA 001 138 660 4

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

3 1822 00806 6664

THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

SOCIETY lOR I'KOMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE

vation of cotton and labour on the construction of metalled

In these ng represents wj hard (as in loii(/er), while /((/' is

employed to denote irg soft (as in singer). As the hard ng

{ng hard is really ngg), and should therefore be represented

in phonetic writing by a single symbol. Accordingly w' was

The author wishes to acknowdedge his indebtedness to the

English consonants /, q, v, x, z, are not used, while n and h'

Ateso vowels combine to make two diphthongs

Other vowels found occurring together are not diphthongs,

ibotei contains four syllables

Transliteration. — In transliterating words boriowed from

'p is used for / and ?• aipiiga for the Luganda okufttga

The nasalization common in Bantu dialects is usually

Thus also by a combination of both these processes, the

Beside these there are two smaller classes

Some feminine nouns denote a weaker or smaller individual

There are eleven subdivisions in the masculine class.

1. Nouns denoting persons, formed from verbs by the

ekurye a coward ikuryesik

2. Nouns with singular terminating in -a, -at, -c, -et, -o,

-6t, and plural in -ai, -ei, -oi —

3. Nouns with singular terminating in p or a vowel and

4. Nouns with singular termination -ok, -6n\ -oi, -1 and

ekeret a gourd ikereta

Some add -na or -ina to a singular in -m or -o

ejani a papyrus mat ijanuna

Some nouns in -ai or -at drop the final letter

esaniai a rirer isanui

eslgiiait a cowrie shell isigiia

Some in -6t, or -et change the final syllable to -on, -eni —

8. Nouns with singular termination -?, -7^-, -fi which add -o

Some in -o, -7, add -no or in -ut change to -unij —

11. A few nouns add -on to the singular

There are a number of nouns which cannot be brought into

etwo a drinking gourd itwol

Note.- It will be observed that the above classification of

The feminine class has eight sub-divisions.

1. Nouns ending in a vowel, except -/, which add I for the

2. Nouns in n' or //, iiuikiiig plural in -or

atapin' a guinea fowl - atapin 'or

3. Nouns with singular in -i, -u, -It, and plural in -c —

Others in -at, -ait, drop -t or -it —

akoli a cup akolino

Others have no singular, chiefly those denoting liquids

2. Abstract nouns formed from verbs with the termination

3. Nouns denoting place, formed from infinitives with the

akilon", to bathe akilon'is, bathroom

5. Imported words not denoting persons of the masculine

five classes the two first have no plural forms, the

This Class contains a small number of nouns, nearly all

There are also irregular forms without the iuitial o —

The plural forms are irregular, as follows

iidwe, so)is iklleni, husbands

The adjectival and other agreements are the same as those

This class contains the diminutive forms of nouns in the

The Generic Plural.

form is used to denote specific individuals, the secondary

Singular. Specific Plural. Generic Plural.