Numere complexe

z = a+ bi
a = Re z
b = Im z

'

+
+
+

3 4 ,
2 4 , 1
1 4 ,
4 , 1
k n i
k n
k n i
k n
i
n
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 1
b b i a a z z + + + +
( )
1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
b a b a i b b a a z z + +
bi a z

2 2
b a z z +

2 1 2 1
z z z z

2 1 2 1
z z z z + +

2
1
2
1
z
z
z
z

,
_

z z
0 0 + z

2 2
b a z +
Functii

B A f :
este injectiv oricare ar fi
A x x
2 1
,
,
2 1
x x
a. ( ) ( )
2 1
x f x f
sau oricare ar fi
A x x
2 1
,
a. ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
x x x f x f

B A f :
nu este injectiv ac
2 1
x x
a. ( ) ( )
2 1
x f x f

B A f :
este surjectiv ac A x !i oricare
B y
a.
( ) y x f

( ) y x f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x resie x f y resie y f x e"# e"#
1 1

( ) x f
injectiv ac uc$n o #ara%e% %a &' aceasta intersescteaz (raficu% n ce%
#u)in un #unct

( ) x f
surjectiv ac uc$n o #ara%e% %a &' aceasta intersescteaz (raficu% n ce%
mu%t un #unct

( ) x f
bijectiv ac uc$n o #ara%e% %a &' aceasta intersescteaz (raficu% ntr*un
#unct

( ) x f
cresctoare ac ( ) ( )
2 1
x f x f <

( ) x f
ecresctoare ac ( ) ( )
2 1
x f x f >

( ) x f
#ar ac
( ) ( ) x f x f

( ) x f
im#ar ac
( ) ( ) x f x f

( ) x f
concav ac ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
1 1 x f x f x x f + +

( ) x f
conve" ac ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
1 1 x f x f x x f + +