1) Sphincter and dilator puillae are originated from a. Mesoderm b. Ectoderm c. Neural crest d. endoderm Ans is b.

Neuro ectoderm 2) Epithelium of mebimian gland duct is a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Stratified columnar e. Stratified cuboidal Ans c 3) Retina is thic est a. Abo!e optic disc b. "elo# optic disc c. $rra serrata d. equator Ans a %retina is thic est at posterior pole.....and at posterior pole abo!e optic disc the a&ons of ganglion cells from all o!er the retina con!erge at optic disc to form optic ner!e...this is the reason of its thic ness at optic disc ') (f light reaction is absent but accomudation is positi!e the lesion is in a. $ptic ner!e b. $ptic chiasma c. $ptic tract d. )retectal necleus e. Ed#inger #estphall necleus Ans * +) (rrigular constricted pupil #hich don,t respond to light a. Artificial pupil b. Arg-l robertson pupil c. Adies pupil d. .orner s-ndrome

Ans * %adies pupil problem is in the ciliar- ganglion #hich is paras-mpathetic....problem #ith it #ould cause pupillar- dilation (n arg-l robertson pupil damage #ld b in pre tectal nucleus causing loss of light refle&....bt it has nthng 2 do #d constrictd pupil /) A patient ha!ing opacit- in media a) 0orneal d-strophb) Macular degeneration c) 1itreous haemorrhage d) cataract Ans * 2) lacrimal ner!e is made up of a) sensor- fibres b) paras-mpathetic fibres c) s-mpathetic fibres d) sensor- 3 motor e) sensor- 3 s-mpathetic 3 paras-mpathetic Ans E %c4 branches from 4-gomaticotemporal also 5oin it before suppl-ing #hich contain both s-mp nd para s-mp fibres 6) Epithelium of lacrimical canaliculi is a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Stratified columnar e. Stratified squamous Ans E 7) cornea become edematous #hen endothelial cells are decreased to a) 28889 mm3 b ) 1/889 mm3 c) 18889 mm3 d) +889 mm3 e) 3889 mm3 Ans *

18) :hich of the follo#ing la-er of cornea can regenerate a) bo#mans la-er b) stroma c) descement membrane d) endothelium Ans 0 11) post gabglionic fibres of #hich ganglion suppl- lacrimal gland a) ciliarb) semilunar c) mac el d) otic Ans 0 %pter-gopalatine ganglion; #hich is also called sphenopalatine ganglion or mac el ganglion 12) All branches of Anterior di!ision on mandibular ner!e are motor e&cept a) buccal b) lateral pter-goid c masseteric d) deep temporal Ans A 13) #hat is the !olume of orbit< a) 18 ml b) 28 ml c) 38 ml d) '8 ml Ans 0 %(n adult humane;the !ol of orbit is 38ml;of #hich e-e occupies /.+ml 1') :hich is largest e&traocular muscle< a) superior rectus b) inferior rectus c) medial rectus d) lateral rectus Ans c << 1+) :hich is longest e&traocular muscle< a) superior rectus b) inferior rectus

c) medial rectus d) lateral rectus Ans A 1/) :hich e&traocular muscle has longest tendon< a) superior rectus b) inferior rectus c) medial rectus d) lateral rectus Ans * 12) (n adie=s pupil; lesion is at a) ciliar- ganglion b) optic ner!e c) pretectal nucleus d) ed#inger #estphal nucleus Ans 0 %in arg-l robertson lesion is in pre tectal bt in adies lesion is in ciliar- ganglion 16) a -oung patient is complaining of dr- e-e...#hich of the follo#ing structure is in!ol!ed a) ciliar- ganglion b) lacrimal gland c) otic ganglion d) pter-gopalatine ganglion Ans * %main lacrimal gland patholog- dont cause dr-ness c4 normall- e-e is #et due to accessorlacrimal glands nd lacrimal gland onl- ta e part #hen there is e&cessi!e lacrimation li e emotions or itching 17) :hich of the follo#ing is site of fusion of binocular !ision A) $ptic ner!e ") $ptic chiasma 0) >gb *) Retina E) 1isual corte& Ans " 28) optic ner!e colobomas are usualla) infro temporal

b) infro nasal c) supro temporal d) supro nasal Ans A 21) corneal ner!es appear at #hich age of embr-onic life a) 3 months b) + months c) 2 months d) 7 months Ans " 22) strongest margin of orbit a) medial b) lateral c) superior d) inferior Ans " 23) in embr-onic life sclera strt de!eloping from a) ant pole b) post pole c) at future recti insertion d) at future optic disc Ans 0 2') :hich is the thinnest #all of orbital ca!ita) roof b) floor c) med #all d) lat #all Ans 0 %thinnest #all is medial....ma5or portion is made b- ethmoid bone also called lamila paperecia 2+) :hich is the #ea est #all of orbital ca!ita) roof b) floor

c) med #all d) lat #all Ans " %#ea est #all is inferior #all or roof....mostl- fractured in blo# out fractures....resulting in traping of inf rectus and causing diplopia medial #all is not #ea est...it is thinnest -es u r right infection spread through it and causes orbital cellulitus but #hn e!er sum one encounter blo# out fracture most commonl- fractured site is floor....more precisel- medial side of floor....so it is called #ea est spot 2/) ?reater #ing of sphenoid ta e part in ma ing #hich #all of the orbit a) roof b) floor c) med #all d) lat #all Ans * 22) #hich of the follo#ing structure dont pass through common tendinuous ring of recti a) trochlear ner!e b) occulumotor ner!e c) nasociliar- ner!e d) abducent ner!e Ans A %)asses outside the Annulus of @inn A0.B.R) 26) All paranasal sinuses are normall- present at birth e&cept a) frontal b) ma&illarc) sphenoid d) ethmoid Ans A 27) a person has fault- de&tro!ersion but can con!erge e-es normall-. problem is #ith a) rt. M>C b) rt !isual corte& c) rt ))RC d) rt optic radiation Ans 0 38) :hich of the follo#ing is a hormone as #ell as neurotransmitter a) !asopressin

b) adrenaline c) acet-lcholine d) serotonin e) histamine Ans " 31) largest diameter of e-e ball is a) anterioposterior b) hori4ontal c) !ertical Ans A 32) sclera is #ea est a) ant pole b) post pole c) 5ust post to recti insertion d) lamina cribrosa Ans 0 33) cornea is insensiti!e to a) #arm b) cold c) pain Ans A 3') in sphincter pupillae group of smooth muscle cells are in no. a) 2 b) ' c) 6 d) 12 Ans 0 3+) #hich is the pigmented epithelium off iris a) anterior b) posterior c) both d) none Ans 0 3/) the anteroposterior diameter of anterior chamber is

a) 1 mm b) 2 mm c) 3 mm d) ' mm Ans 0 32) mmpD7 is formed ba) corneal epithelium b) corneal bo#mans la-er c) corneal stroma d) corneal endothelium Ans A 36) capacit- of lacrimal sac is a) 18 micro litr b) 28 micro litr c) 38 micro litr d) '8 micro litr Ans 0 37) #hich t-pe of collegen is not found in !itreous a) 2 b) ' c) + d) 11 Ans " %!itreous mainl- contain t-pe 2 but it also contain +; 7 and 11 '8) :hich of the follo#ing produce most se!ere papilledema a) pituitar- tumor b) tumor of frontal lobe c) tumor of post fossa d) malignant melanoma e) melanoc-toma Ans 0 +8) all recti are supplied b- 2 muscular arteries from ant. ciliar- e&cept a) SR b) (R c) MR d) >R

Ans * +1) effect of e&ercise on aqueous production a) inc formation b) dec formation c) no effect Ans " +2) #hich of the follo#ing structure cross the optic ner!e belo# it 12 mm behind globe a) ner!e to inf oblique b) ophthalmic arterc) nasociliar- ner!e d) ner!e to inf rectus Ans A +3) #hich of the recti is supplied b- 3 arteries a) SR b) (R c) MR d) >R Ans " +') pie in the s -; lesion #ld be in a) calcarine sulcus b) area 12 c) ma-ers loop d) >?" Ans 0 ++) sensor- suppl- of cornea a) long ciliar- ner!e b) short ciliar- ner!e c) supra orbital ner!e d) lacrimal ner!e Ans A +/) most common congenital ner!e lesion a) 3rd b) 'th c) /th

Ans " +2) most longest intracranial course of motor ner!e a) 3rd b) 'th c) /th d) 11th e) 12th Ans 0 +6) most inferiorl- located motor ner!e of e-e a) 3rd b) 'th c) /th Ans 0 +7) #hich lesion leads to contralateral temporal crescent defect a) strial corte& b) lgb c) ant aspect of calcarine sulcus d) posterolateral portion of occipital lobe Ans 0 /8) magnocellular lamina of lgb is a) area 1;2 b) area 3;' c) area +;/ d) area 2;6 Ans A /1) smallest portion of optic ner!e is a) intra ocular b) intra orbital c) intra canalicular d) intra cranial Ans A /2) #hich is the m-elinated portion of intra ocular portion of optic ner!e a) optic disc b) pre laminar

c) laminar d) retro laminar Ans * /3) tensor !eli palatini is supplied ba) ner!e to medial pter-goid b) ner!e to lateral pter-goid c) ner!e to tensor !eli d) lingual ner!e Ans A %Bhe tensor !eli palatini is inner!ated b- the medial pter-goid ner!e; a branch of mandibular ner!e; the third branch of the trigeminal ner!e A0N 1) D the onl- muscle of the palate not inner!ated b- the !agus ner!e.............. /') :hich of the follo#ing cranial ner!e has same component li e 18th ner!e a) +th b) 2th c) 7th d) 11th Ans 0 /+) transitional epithelium of bladder is deri!ed from a) ecto derm ") endoderm c) mesoderm Ans " //) epithelium of e-e lids a) ectoderm b) endoderm c) mesoderm d) ecto 3 meso e) endo Meso Ans * %epithelium has + la-ers la-er 1 from ectoderm rest is from mesoderm /2) pigment cells deri!ed from a) surface ectoderm b) neuro ectoderm c) neural crest

d) mesoderm e) endoderm Ans 0 /6) lens capsule is most thinnest at a) ant pole b) post pole c) equator Ans " /7) #hich refle& in!ol!es corte& a) accommodation b) direct light c) indirect light Ans A %path#a- of refle& is optic ner!eDDE chiasmaDDE tractDDE >?"DDE pri !isual corte&DDE frontal e-e fieldDDE thn to mid brain path#a- of refle& is optic ner!eDDE chiasmaDDE tractDDE >?"DDE pri !isual corte&DDE frontal e-e fieldDDE thn to mid brain 28) regarding e-e ball mo!ement<<< a) prsuit mo!ements onl- occur during reading b)fi&ation and refi&ation of e-e 0) M>C Ans 0 %lebers optic.....< ans #s defect #s in mitochondria #hich is maternal in origin 21) #hat is not part of bruch membrane a) choroidal capillaries b) basement membrane of choroidal capillaries c) ".M. of R)E d) outer collagen la-er e)elastic la-er Ans A 22) loss of 2 point discrimination; !ibration of r-t lo#er limb...problem #ith

a) fasciculus gracilus b) fasciculus cuneatus Ans A 23) on gonioscop- #hich cnt b seen a) trabecular mesh#or b) sch#abe line c) scleral spur d) aqeous !ein e) ciliar- bodAns * 2') !iridian associated #ith a) biotin b) b12 c) !it c d) !it * e) ribofla!in Ans A 2+) :hich of the follo#ing don,t release in stress a. A*. b. Aldosterone c. 0ortisol d. ?. e. (nsuline Ans A << 2/) *opamine leads to a. (nhibition of ?. b. (nhibition of prolactin c. (nhibition of ?nR. Ans " 22) :hich of the follo#ing is associated superior to origin of lateral rectus a. Sup ophthalmic !ein b. >acrimal ner!e c. $cculumotor ner!e d. Nasociliar- ner!e e. Abducent ner!e

Ans " 26) :hich of the follo#ing passes from ca!ernous sinus a. /th ner!e b. 'th ner!e c. 3rd ner!e Ans A 27) Rods and cones contain discs; bt# disc the area is filled #ith a. ?A? b. 1isual pigment c.micro !illi Ans " photo pigments 68) :ilson disease leads to a. 0ataract b. Ff ring Ans " 61) #hich of the follo#ing is incorrect a. pituitar- adenoma causes bitemporal homon-mous hemianopia b. craniophar-ngeoma causes binasal hemianopia Ans A 62) in lesion of >ft optic tract a. bitemporal heminopia b. binasal heminopia c. loss of complete !ision in r-t e-e d. r-t temporal nd lft nasal !isual defect e. r-t temporal nd lft nasal !isual defect #ith macular sparing Ans * 63) #hich of the follo#ing abt sclera is incorrect a. it is thinnest at macula b. its ma& thic ness is 1mm Ans A 6') refracti!e po#er of lens depend upon a. cur!ature of lens b..<

Ans A 6+) lateral inhibition is done ba. amacrine cells b. hori4ontal cells c. bipolar cells d. ganglion cells Ans " 6/) miosis of pupil a. comfortable for night dri!e b. inc chromatic aberration c. inc spherical aberrations d. inc depth of focus Ans *< 62)BRANS)AREN0G $C 0$RNEA (S MA(NBA(NE* "G< a. >attice arrangement of collagen fibres b. Bears c. Endothelium Ans A 66) Antibodies formed in a) Bh-mus b) )lasma cells c) >-mphoc-tes d) Spleen e) li!er Ans " 67) A man l-ing na ed at operation table #ith room temprature 21.+ 0H and 68I humidit- b#hich mechanism heat transfer from boda) "- 1epori4ation b) Radiation and conduction c) s#eating d) respiration e) urine Ans "

78) A man is diagnosed b- a fatal illness #hich has ! poor prognosis as a doctor #hat #ill u do a) .ide e!er- thing b) tell the nature of illness to patient,s famil- onlc) tell the nature of illness to patient and his famil- onld) tell the nature of illness onl- to the patient e) ?i!e crisp- and e!idence based #hole information of the illness to patient Ans E 71) )atient ha!ing A(*S is suffering from chorioretinitus; most common cause of this disease is a. 0M1 b<< Ans A 72) features distinguishing benign from maliganant a)metastasis b)n!asi!e n infiltrati!e margins c)analpsia Ans A 73) child #ith s in itching..stool e&amination re!eal #orms.. presence of #hich #d aid in diagnosis a) basophils b) eosinophils c) l-mphoc-tes Ans "< 7') A patient recei!es radiotherap- for Squamous 0ell 0arcinoma; some time later the there is scarring J ulceration to the s in because ofK aD *amage to the squamous epithelium bD Endarteritis obliterans cD infection dD !enous thrombosis Ans "< 7+) #hich carcinoma do not S)REA* to bones a) idneb)breast c)prostate d) li!er

Ans *< 7/) A bo- ha!ing gro#th #ith finger on upper e-elid #ith finger li e pro5ections co!ered #ith benign epithelial tissue. a) papilloma b) adeno carinoma c)papillar- ca Ans A 72) Regarding middle meningeal arter- #hich is correct a) middle meningeal arter- di!ide at the le!el of pter-on b) its haemorrhage leads to sub dural haemorrhage c) it passes thru foramen spinosun Ans 0< 76) Regarding !enous drainage of e-e #hich is incorrect a. *rained b- 2 !enous s-stems b. L!ea is drained b- !orticose !ein c. (ris and ciliar- bod- is drained bt ant ciliar- !ein d. 1 !orte& !ein drain thru eash quadrent Ans 0 %#hole u!ea including iris is drained b- !orticose !ein 77) regarding embr-olog- of e-e; lateral optic !esicle formation from forebrain start on a. 12 da-s b. 22 da-s c. 33 da-s Ans " %corneal ulcer follo# corneal ner!es; 188) a person is #al ing and sumthng pinches on his toe; he #ith dra# his foot due to pain...#hich of the follo#ing is true a) receptors in!ol!ed in this path#a- are encapsulated b) there is no interneuron path#a- in!ol!ed c) rela&ation of the limb occur d) multi s-naptic Ans * 181) #hich of the follo#ing is true about Cunctional rsidual capacit-

a) cant b measured b- spirometrb) is sum of e&pirator- reser!e !olume and residual !olume c....<<<<< Ans A 182) slo# pain neuro transmitter a) substance p b) ....< Ans << 183) :hich of the follo#ing is inhibitor of gro#th hormone a. Stress b. Sleep c. Star!ation d. )uberte. sometomedins Ans E<< 18') most unli el- about REM sleep< a.Acti!e dreaming b.E&tra ocular muscle mo!ement c."eta #a!es d.increase motor tone Ans * 18+) cr-stalline lens absorbs A) !isible radiation ") ultra!iolet light 0) infrared light *) & ra-s Ans " 18/) Eclipse burns on retina are produced bA) !isible light ") ultra!iolet light 0) infrared light *) &ra-s Ans 0 %u! light is abrorbed b- sclera; cornea and lens. !isible light A'88D268) and (nfrared A A268D1'88 #a!e length) fall on retina; (nfrared light produce thermal effect and can cause eclipse burns

182) most common t-pe of colour blindness is A) protanomal") deuteranomal0) tritanomalAns 186) blueD-ello# colour blindness is related to A) chromosome M ") chromosome G 0) chromosome 22 *) chromosome 2 E) chromosome 12 Ans * 187) :hich one of the follo#ing bones does not form part of the orbit< a. palatine. b. frontal. c. 4-gomatic. d. nasal. e. ethmoid Ans * 118) .o# man- bones compose the lacrimal sac fossa< a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. '. e. noneNa fossa is a hole. Ans " 111) (n #hich bone does the lacrimal gland fossa lie< a. frontal. b. lacrimal. c. ma&illar-. d. 4-gomatic. e. ethmoid. Ans A 112) :hich orbital #all is the strongest<

a. medial. b. inferior. c. lateral. d. superior. e. all are equall- strong. Ans 0 113) :hich of the follo#ing is9are not transmitted in the optic canal< 1. optic ner!e. 2. ophthalmic arter-. 3. s-mpathetic ple&us. '. central retinal arter-. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans * 11') :hich one of the follo#ing structures does not insert into the lateral orbital tubercle of :hitnall< a. chec ligament of the lateral rectus. b. suspensor- ligament of the e-eball A>oc #ood=s ligament). c. lateral canthal tendon. d. aponeurosis of the le!ator muscle. e. :hitnall=s ligament Ans E 11+) .o# man- a&ons compose a health- adult optic ner!e< a. 188;888. b. 388;888. c. /88;888. d. 1.2 million. e. 2.' million. Ans * 11/) $n entr- to the orbit; the ophthalmic arter- turns in #hat relation relati!e to the optic ner!e< a. inferior. b. lateral. c. superior. d. medial. e. !ariable

Ans 0 112) :hich of the follo#ing statements about ocular glands is9are true< 1. Bhe glands of :olfring and Frause are c-tologicall- similar to the lacrimal gland. 2. Almost all refle& tear secretion is produced b- the accessor- lacrimal glands. 3. Bhe glands of Moll are of the apocrine t-pe. '. Bhe meibomian glands are holocrine oil glands that are associated #ith cilia. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans " %refle& tear secretion is produced b- main lacrimal gland 116) Bhe ciliar- ganglionK a. has three roots; is located 1 cm posterior to the globe; and is medial to the optic ner!e. b. has four roots; is located 1 cm posterior to the globe; and is lateral to the optic ner!e. c. has four roots; is located 1 cm anterior to the orbital ape&; and is medial to the optic ner!e. d. has three roots; is located 1 cm posterior to the globe; and is lateral to the optic ner!e. e. has three roots; is located 1 cm anterior to the orbital ape&; and is lateral to the optic ner!e. Ans * 117) :hat are the a!erage adult corneal diameters< a. 11 mm hori4ontall- and !erticall-. b. 12 mm hori4ontall- and !erticall-. c. 12 mm hori4ontall- and 11 mm !erticall-. d. 11 mm hori4ontall- and 12 mm !erticall-. e. 18 mm hori4ontall- and !erticall-. Ans 0 128) Bhe correct order of angle structures; from central to peripheral; isK a. scleral spur ASS); pigmented trabecular mesh#or ABM); nonpigmented BM; the Sch#albe line AS>); ciliar- bod- band A0""). b. S>; pigmented BM; nonpigmented BM; 0""; SS. c. S>; pigmented BM; nonpigmented BM; SS; 0"". d. S>; SS; pigmented BM; nonpigmented BM; 0"". e. S>; nonpigmented BM; pigmented BM; SS; 0"". Ans E

121) Bhe a!erage anteroposterior diameter of a '8D-earDold lens isK a. 2 to 3 mm. b. 3 to ' mm. c. ' to + mm. d. + to / mm. e. / to 2 mm. Ans 0 122) Bhe site of greatest resistance to aqueous outflo# is theK a. u!eal mesh#or . b. corneoscleral mesh#or . c. anterior; nonpigmented trabecular mesh#or ABM). d. posterior; pigmented BM. e. 5u&tacanalicular BM. Ans E 123) 0hoose the one correct statement about the iris from the follo#ingK a. Bhe iris is composed of si& la-ers; three of #hich are epithelial. b. 0lump cells are part of the anterior border la-er of the iris. c. Bhe iris dilator and iris sphincter are posterior to the iris pigment epithelium. d. Bhe cell bodies of the anterior iris pigment epithelium gi!e rise to the iris dilator muscle. e. Bhe color of the iris is determined b- the number and si4e of macrophages in the iris pigment epithelium. Ans * 12') Bhe a!erage equatorial diameter of a '8D-earDold lens isK a. / to 2 mm. b. 2 to 6 mm. c. 6 to 7 mm. d. 7 to 18 mm. e. 18 to 11 mm. Ans * 12+) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about retinal photoreceptors is correct< a. Rods contain photopigment discs that are not attached to the cell membrane and s-napse #ith bipolar cells at a rod pedicle. b. 0ones contain photopigment discs that are not connected to the cell membrane and s-napse #ith bipolar cells at a cone pedicle. c. Rods contain photopigment discs that are attached to the cell membrane and s-napse #ith bipolar cells at the rod spherule. d. 0ones contain photopigment discs that are attached to the cell membrane and s-napse #ith

bipolar cells at a cone pedicle. e. None of the abo!e Ans * 12/) Select the correct description of autonomic inner!ation to the e-eK a. Bhe iris sphincter muscle recei!es s-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the short ciliar- ner!esO the iris dilator muscle recei!es paras-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the short ciliar- ner!es. b. Bhe iris sphincter muscle recei!es paras-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the short ciliar- ner!esO the iris dilator muscle recei!es s-mpathetic inner!ation b- the short ciliar- ner!es. c. Bhe iris sphincter muscle recei!es paras-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the short ciliar- ner!esO the iris dilator muscle recei!es s-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the long ciliar- ner!es. d. Bhe iris sphincter muscle recei!es paras-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the long ciliar- ner!esO the iris dilator muscle recei!es s-mpathetic inner!ation !ia long ciliar- ner!es. e. Bhe iris sphincter muscle recei!es s-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the short ciliar- ner!esO the iris dilator muscle recei!es paras-mpathetic inner!ation !ia the long ciliar- ner!es. Ans < 122) Select the correct neuronal sequence for intraretinal processingK a. photoreceptor to MPller=s cell to ganglion cell. b. photoreceptor to bipolar cell to ganglion cell. c. photoreceptor to hori4ontal cell to amacrine cell. d. photoreceptor to hori4ontal cell to ganglion cell. e. photoreceptor to amacrine cell to bipolar cell. Ans " 126) (n the entire retina; rods outnumber cones b- a ratio of appro&imatel-K a. 2K1. b. +K1. c. 28K1. d. +8K1. e. 1.2+K1. Ans 0 127) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about MPller=s cells is correct< a. Bhe e&ternal limiting membrane AE>M) and internal limiting membrane A(>M) of the retina are the basement membranes of MPller=s cells. b. MPller=s cells are the onl- nonneural Aglial) cellular element found #ithin the neural retina. c. MPller=s cells do not generate an- detectable lightDinduced transretinal !oltages. d. MPller=s cells intimatel- en!elop !irtuall- all retinal neurons. e. None of the abo!e.

Ans E 138) A cilioretinal arter- contributes to some portion of the macular circulation in appro&imatel-K a. +I of indi!iduals. b. 1+I of indi!iduals. c. 2+I of indi!iduals. d. '8I of indi!iduals. e. +8I of indi!iduals. Ans " 131) Bhe inner retinal circulation=s deepest le!el of penetration is theK a. ganglion cell la-er. b. inner ple&iform la-er. c. inner nuclear la-er. d. outer ple&iform la-er. e. outer nuclear la-er. Ans 0 132) Select the correct association of retinal la-er and s-naptic connectionsK a. outer ple&iform la-erK bipolar and ganglion cells. b. inner ple&iform la-erK bipolar and ganglion cells. c. outer ple&iform la-erK photoreceptor and ganglion cells. d. inner ple&iform la-erK photoreceptor and ganglion cells. e. inner ple&iform la-erK photoreceptor and bipolar cells. Ans " 133) :hich of the follo#ing sites represent firm u!eoscleral attachment< 1. optic ner!e Aperipapillar- tissue). 2. !orte& !eins. 3. scleral spur ASS). '. ora serrata. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans A 13') $n entering the cranial ca!it-; the optic ner!e runsK a. lateral to the internal carotid arter- and inferior to the anterior cerebral arter-.

b. medial to the internal carotid arter- and inferior to the anterior cerebral arter-. c. medial to the internal carotid arter- and superior to the anterior cerebral arter-. d. lateral to the internal carotid arter- and superior to the anterior cerebral arter-. e. lateral to the internal carotid arter- and lateral to the anterior cerebral arter-. Ans " 13+) :hich of the follo#ing statements about ganglion a&on decussation is true< a. More fibers cross in the chiasm than do not cross in the chiasm. b. Ce#er numbers of ganglion cells cross than do not cross in the chiasm. c. A much greater proportion of macular fibers cross in the chiasm than peripheral fibers do. d. A much greater portion of peripheral fibers cross in the chiasm than macular fibers do. e. None of the abo!e. Ans A 13/) :hich one of the e&traocular muscles is ser!ed b- a single nucleus that is shared b- both the oculomotor ner!e nuclei< a. superior rectus. b. medial rectus. c. inferior oblique. d. le!ator palpebrae superioris. e. inferior rectus. Ans * 132) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the pupillomotor fibers of the third cranial ner!e is true< a. Bhese fibers run central in the ner!e; in the superior di!ision. b. Bhese fibers run central in the ner!e; in the inferior di!ision. c. Bhese fibers run peripheral in the ner!e; in the superior di!ision. d. Bhese fibers run peripheral in the ner!e; in the inferior di!ision. e. Bhese fibers are distributed e!enl- throughout the superior di!ision. Ans * 136) :hich is the onl- muscle supplied b- the oculomotor ner!e that recei!es crossed inner!ation< a. superior rectus. b. medial rectus. c. inferior oblique. d. le!ator palpebrae superioris. e. inferior rectus Ans A

137) :hich of the follo#ing structures do not tra!el in the #all of the ca!ernous sinus at the le!el of the pituitar- fossa< a. third and fourth cranial ner!es. b. fourth and fifth cranial ner!es. c. fifth and si&th cranial ner!es. d. si&th cranial ner!e and the internal carotid arter-. e. the internal carotid arter- onl-. Ans * 1'8) Mesench-mal structures of the head; including the e-e; are all deri!ed fromK a. mesoderm. b. neural crest cells. c. a combination of mesoderm and ectoderm. d. a combination of neural crest cells and ectoderm. e. a combination of neural crest cells and mesoderm Ans E 1'1) Neural crest cells gi!e rise to the follo#ing structuresK a. corneal epithelium; stroma; endothelium; and ciliar- muscle. b. the entire sclera; optic ner!e sheath; u!eal melanoc-tes; entire choroid. c. orbital bones; fat; trochlear cartilage; e&traocular muscles; and orbital connecti!e tissues. d. ciliar- bod-; ciliar- epithelium; iris stroma; orbital bones; and orbital connecti!e tissues. e. optic ner!e sheath; u!eal melanoc-tes; choroidal stroma; ciliar- muscle; and iris stroma. Ans E 1'2) Bhe mesoderm gi!es rise toK a. the pupillomotor muscles; ciliar- muscle; and e&traocular muscles. b. all !ascular endothelia; e&traocular muscles; and the trochlea. c. all !ascular endothelia; pupillomotor muscles; and all blood !essels. d. all !ascular endothelia; all e&traocular muscles; and temporal sclera. e. ciliar- muscle; e&traocular muscles; all orbital blood !essels; and some orbital connecti!e tissue Ans E %pupillar- muscles r deri!ed from neuro ectoderm 1'3) Bhe surface ectoderm supplies all of the follo#ing structures e&ceptK a. the lacrimal gland. b. the lens. c. the !itreous. d. the corneal epithelium. e. the substantia propria of the con5uncti!a.

Ans 0 1'') :hat factor distinguishes anophthalmia from microphthalmia< a. the si4e of the globe. b. the presence or absence of a globe. c. the presence or absence of lid fusion. d. the presence or absence of organic abnormalities of a globe. e. the presence or absence of ner!ous s-stem disorders. Ans " 1'+) :hat factor distinguishes microphthalmia from nanophthalmia< a. the si4e of the globe. b. the presence or absence of a globe. c. the presence or absence of lid fusion. d. the presence or absence of organic abnormalities of a globe. e. the presence or absence of ner!ous s-stem disorders. Ans * 1'/) All of the follo#ing conditions ma- present as a c-stic bulge #ithin the palpebral fissure e&ceptK a. c-stic coloboma. b. orbital encephalocele. c. microphthalmos. d. nanophthalmos. e. congenital rhabdom-osarcoma. Ans * 1'2) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about dermoids is false< a. *ermoids represent hamartomas of epidermal and connecti!e tissues. b. *ermoids ma- be found in the con5uncti!a and9or in the orbit. c. Bhe solid !ariet- of the dermoids is most frequentl- found at the limbus. d. *ermolipomas are usuall- solid; most commonl- located bet#een the lateral and superior rectus muscles; and often lac dermal adne&al structures Aunli e a dermoid). e. Epibulbar dermoids are associated #ith ?oldenhar=s s-ndrome. Ans A 1'6) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about anterior segment d-sgeneses is false< a. All !arieties of anterior segment d-sgeneses ma- be inherited as autosomalDdominant traits and ma- be either unilateral or bilateral. b. )osterior embr-oto&on is the mildest of the peripheral !arieties of anterior segment

d-sgeneses. c. Rieger=s anomal- consists of A&enfeld=s anomal- plus iris atroph-. d. Rieger=s s-ndrome is Rieger=s anomal- plus facial and musculos eletal anomalies. e. (n )eters= anomal-; the central cornea is al#a-s opacified; and the lens is al#a-s denseladherent to the posterior corneal surface. Ans E 1'7) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about pediatric lenticular disorders is true< a. Microspheropha ia is most often associated #ith Marfan=s s-ndrome. b. (n >o#e=s s-ndrome; there are t-picall- cataracts; glaucoma; and aminoaciduria; and girls are affected more frequentl- than bo-s. c. 0ataracts in the congenital rubella s-ndrome are generall- dense nuclear cataracts. d. *efects in the rubella s-ndrome are t-picall- isolated Ai.e.; there are usuall- no other s-stemic abnormalities). e. ?laucoma and cataracts are frequentl- coincident in the congenital rubella s-ndrome. Ans 0 1+8) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about aniridia is false< a. ?enerall-; no iris tissue is present on histopatholog-. b. Aniridia ma- be either familial or sporadic. c. Co!eal and optic ner!e h-poplasia are often present in aniridia; leading to n-stagmus and reduced !isual acuit-. d. Bhere is an association of aniridia #ith :ilms= tumor; genitourinar- anomalies; and mental retardation. e. (n aniridia associated #ith :ilms= tumor; there is frequentl- a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 11. Ans A 1+1) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about persistent h-perplastic primar- !itreous A).)1) is false< a. ).)1 is generall- unilateral. b. >ongDterm !isual prognosis is usuall- e&cellent. c. ).)1 is most easil- differentiated from retinoblastoma b- the presence of microphthalmos or cataract. d. ).)1 ma- calcif-. e. ).)1 is almost al#a-s sporadic. Ans " 1+2) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about tear secretion is false<

a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone AA0B.) and androgens can stimulate tear secretion from the main lacrimal gland. b. Bhe glands of :olfring are located along the orbital margin of each tarsus; #ith the glands of Frause in the con5uncti!al forni&. c. Bhe accessor- glands of Frause and :olfring account for appro&imatel- +8I of total lacrimal secretor- mass. d. "oth s-mpathetic and paras-mpathetic ner!e stimuli are important for refle& tear secretion. e. Bhe cornea; con5uncti!a; and meibomian glands also contribute to the tear film. Ans 0 1+3) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about corneal metabolism is false< a. $&-gen is pro!ided to the cornea b- tears; aqueous humor; and lid !asculature. b. Most of the metabolic fuel for the cornea is deri!ed from aqueous humor. c. Molecules #ith lo# lipid solubilit- ha!e greater penetration through the corneal epithelium and stroma. d. Mature corneal stromal fibers are composed of t-pe ( collagen. e. Bhe t-pe and distribution of gl-cosaminogl-can in the cornea are crucial for corneal clarit-. Ans 0 1+') :hich one of the follo#ing statements about *escemet=s membrane and corneal endothelium is false< a. *escemet=s membrane consists of t-pe (1 collagen. b. )osterior eratoconus can be differentiated from )eters= anomal- b- the presence of fetal *escemet=s membrane. c. Cetal *escemet=s membrane can be differentiated from adult *escemet=s membrane b- its banding pattern. d. Bhe number of endothelial cells substantiall- increases #ith age. e. Bhe corneal endothelium acti!el- maintains corneal deturgescence b- a pump s-stem that depends on Na39F3Dadenosine triphosphatase AAB)ase) function and carbonic anh-drase. Ans * 1++) Aqueous humor enters the posterior chamber from the ciliar- processes b-K a. diffusion. b. ultrafiltration. c. secretion9acti!e transport. d. carbonic anh-drase (( acti!it-. e. all of the abo!e. Ans E 1+/) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about prostaglandins is false< a. Bhe c-cloo&-genase A0$M) reaction culminates in the production of prostaglandins;

prostac-clin; and thrombo&ane. b. (n general; prostaglandins cause m-driasis. c. 0orticosteroids inhibit both the 0$M and lipo&-genase A>$M) path#a-s of arachidonic acid metabolism. d. Bhe effect of prostaglandins on intraocular pressure A($)) is comple&; #ith lo# doses decreasing ($) and high doses increasing ($). e. )rostac-clin is a potent !asodilator s-nthesi4ed primaril- in endothelial cells; #hereas thrombo&ane is a potent !asoconstrictor s-nthesi4ed primaril- in platelets. Ans " 1+2) :hich of the follo#ing en4-mes is9are normall- present at functioning le!els in the aqueous humor< 1. carbonic anh-drase. 2. l-so4-me. 3. h-aluronidase. '. lactate deh-drogenase. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans A 1+6) Bhe partial pressure of o&-gen in aqueous humor isK a. '8 mm .g. b. ++ mm .g. c. 2+ mm .g. d. 6+ mm .g. e. 188 mm .g. Ans " 1+7) Bhe most mitoticall- acti!e lens epithelium cells are locatedK a. at the anterior pole AA)). b. at the posterior pole. c. at the equator. d. in a ring around the anterior lens. e. in a ring around the posterior lens Ans 0 1/8) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the protein fractions of the lens is false< a. >ens fiber proteins are separated into t#o ma5or groupsN#aterDsoluble and #aterDinsoluble.

b. Bhe #aterDinsoluble fraction is further di!ided into three t-pes of cr-stallin proteins. c. AlphaDcr-stallin is the largest of the lens cr-stallins. d. "etaDcr-stallin is the most abundant of the lens cr-stallins. e. Most cr-stallins are e&pressed outside the lens and ha!e other roles in addition to their function as refractile elements #ithin the lens. Ans " 1/1) Bhe !itreous s-neresis of aging is associated #ithK a. diffuse decreases in h-aluronic acid concentration. b. diffuse decreases in collagen concentration. c. focal decreases in collagen concentration. d. motionDinduced collagen damage. e. lightDinduced collagen damage. Ans 0 1/2) :hich of the follo#ing conditions are associated #ith significant decreases in both collagen and h-aluronic acid concentrations in human !itreous humor< a. m-opia. b. apha ia. c. diabetes mellitus A*M). d. a. and b. e. a. and c. Ans A 1/3) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the effects of light on rod outer segment metabolism is false< a. (n the dar ; high concentrations of c-clic guanosine monophosphate Ac?M)) maintain sodium channels open and rod outer segments depolari4ed. b. >ight absorption leads to configurational changes in rhodopsin and acti!ation of transducin. c. Bransducin; through an amplification cascade; acti!ates phosphodiesterase A)*E). d. )*E causes a fall in c?M) le!els. e. Calling intracellular c?M) concentration leads to closure of sodium channels; #ith subsequent further depolari4ation of the rod outer segment. Ans E 1/') All the follo#ing methods of increasing ocular absorption of topicall- applied materials A#ithout increasing s-stemic absorption) are effecti!e e&ceptK a. adding a second e-edrop immediatel- after the first. b. #aiting + to 18 minutes bet#een administration of different medications. c. nasolacrimal sac compression. d. closing the e-es for 3 to + minutes after administration.

e. addition of topical anesthetic immediatel- before administration. Ans A 1/+) All the follo#ing factors increase the amount of medication penetrating the cornea e&ceptK a. higher concentration of the drug. b. higher !iscosit- of the !ehicle. c. higher p. of the drug. d. higher lipid solubilit- of the drug. e. addition of ben4al onium chloride. Ans 0 %p. e&tremes trigger refle& tearing; #ith subsequent dilution of the drug. "en4al onium chloride; li e local anesthetics; disrupts the corneal epithelium 1//) :hich of the follo#ing ocular structures ha!e ph-siologicall- important cholinergic receptors< a. e&traocular muscles. b. ciliar- bod- muscle. c. lacrimal gland tissue. d. iris sphincter muscle. e. all of the abo!e. Ans E 1/2) Ln#anted side effects of direct cholinergic agonists include all of the follo#ing e&ceptK a. poor dar adaptation. b. decreased !ision in older patients. c. headache in -ounger patients. d. possible aggra!ation or induction of angleDclosure glaucoma. e. induced h-peropia. Ans E 1/6) Collo#ing a unilateral dose of apraclonidine; the e-e that recei!ed the medication can be identified b- itsK a. lid retraction. b. increased con5uncti!al in5ection. c. miosis. d. all of the abo!e. e. none of the abo!e Ans A

1/7) "etaDadrenergic agonists generall-K a. increase aqueous humor production; decrease outflo# facilit-; and increase intraocular pressure A($)). b. increase aqueous humor production; increase outflo# facilit-; and increase ($). c. increase aqueous humor production; increase outflo# facilit-; and decrease ($). d. decrease aqueous humor production; decrease outflo# facilit-; and decrease ($). e. decrease aqueous humor production; increase outflo# facilit-; and decrease ($). Ans 0 128) *ipi!al-l epinephrine Adipi!efrin) is con!erted to epinephrine in theK a. tears. b. con5uncti!a. c. cornea. d. aqueous humor. e. iris stroma. Ans 0 121) :hich #ould be the best single medication for treatment of primar- openDangle glaucoma A)$A?) in a /7D-earDold patient #ith apha ia #ith chronic bronchitis; labile h-pertension; and chronic depression treated #ith monoamine o&idase inhibitors AMA$(s)< a. epinephrine. b. dipi!efrin. c. pilocarpine. d. timolol. e. aceta4olamide Ans 0 122) 0arbonic anh-drase inhibitors A0A(s) should be used #ith great caution in all of the follo#ing t-pes of patients e&ceptK a. patients #ith a remote histor- of nephrolithiasis. b. patients #ith chronic li!er failure. c. patients on thia4ide diuretics. d. patients on digo&in. e. patients #ith chronic schi4ophrenia. Ans A %A remote histor- of spontaneous nephrolithiasis AE+ -ears earlier) is not thought to be a contraindication for starting carbonic anh-drase inhibitor A0A() therap-. Recent renal stones AQ+ -ears earlier) ma- be a contraindication 123) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about glucocorticoid effects is false<

a. ?lucocorticoids inhibit neo!asculari4ation. b. ?lucocorticoids do not affect immunoglobulin E A(gE) titers. c. ?lucocorticoids act through impairing the efferent limb of the immune response. d. ?lucocorticoids impair epithelial healing. e. ?lucocorticoids act b- bloc ing release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. Ans * 12') :hich one of the follo#ing statements about penicillins and cephalosporins is false< a. "oth penicillins and cephalosporins act b- inhibiting bacterial cell #all s-nthesis. b. "oth penicillins and cephalosporins contain betaDlactam bonds. c. Bhese antibiotics ha!e greater acti!it- against ?ramDpositi!e organisms because of the oligopol-saccharide A$)S) coat of man- ?ramDnegati!e bacteria. d. )robenecid counteracts resistance mechanisms b- inacti!ating the betaDlactamase en4-me of bacteria. e. Bhe most prominent mode of bacterial resistance to this group of antibiotics is the production of betaDlactamase en4-mes. Ans * 12+) ?i!en a histor- of a h-persensiti!it- reaction to penicillin; the probabilit- of a similar reaction to cephalosporin is appro&imatel-K a. 1I. b. +I. c. 18I. d. 1+I. e. 28I. Ans 0 12/) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about antibiotic mechanisms is false< a. Sulfonamides act b- inhibiting bacterial deo&-ribonucleic acid A*NA) s-nthesis. b. Betrac-cline is poorl- #ater soluble but ma- be dissol!ed in e-e drops containing mineral oil. c. 0hloramphenicol use is most strongl- associated #ith aplastic anemia #hen used orall-. d. Aminogl-coside efficac- mostl- depends on anaerobicall- supported antibiotic upta e. e. Er-throm-cin acts b- inhibiting bacterial protein s-nthesis. Ans * 122) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about !ancom-cin is false< a. 1ancom-cin inhibits bacterial replication b- bloc ing cell #all s-nthesis. b. Empirical use of !ancom-cin in patients #ith neutropenia is recommended for infection proph-la&is. c. 1ancom-cin is one of the drugs of choice in filtering blebDrelated endophthalmitis. d. "ecause of its poor gastrointestinal A?() upta e; !ancom-cin is an e&cellent drug for pseudomembranous colitis.

e. Bhe nephroto&icit- of !ancom-cin is generall- potentiated b- concomitant use of aminogl-cosides Ans " 126) Bhe aminogl-coside that most frequentl- induces a topical h-persensiti!it- reaction isK a. gentamicin. b. tobram-cin. c. anam-cin. d. ami acin. e. neom-cin. Ans E 127) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the ocular anti!iral agents is false< a. 1idarabine is an analog of adenine; #hereas ido&uridine and trifluridine are analogs of th-midine. b. Brifluridine is more soluble than !idarabine or ido&uridine. c. Brifluridine is the most effecti!e of the three ocular anti!iral agents. d. 0rossDresistance to different agents is commonl- seen. e. Bhe combination of topical trifluridine and interferon has been sho#n to speed epithelial healing in herpes simple& eratitis. Ans * 168) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about trisom- 13 A)atau=s s-ndrome) is false< a. >ess than +I of patients #ith )atau=s s-ndrome #ill sur!i!e to 3 -ears of age. b. 0ommonl-; the central ner!ous s-stem A0NS) is se!erel- affected. c. A clenched fist deformit- is characteristic of )atau=s s-ndrome. d. 0ardio!ascular and renal defects are !er- common in )atau=s s-ndrome. e. )atau=s s-ndrome has been seen onl- in complete trisom- of chromosome 13. Ans E 161) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about trisom- 16 AEd#ards= s-ndrome) is false< a. Ed#ards= s-ndrome is the second most common chromosomal nondis5unction s-ndrome. b. Sur!i!al in trisom- 16 tends to be shorter than in trisom- 13. c. $utstanding features of Ed#ards= s-ndrome include mental retardation and numerous musculos eletal abnormalities. d. Bhe effect of maternal age is important in trisom- 16. e. ?laucoma is more li el- #ith trisom- 16 than #ith trisom- 13. Ans " 162) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about *o#n=s s-ndrome is false<

a. Ninet-Dfi!e percent of *o#n=s s-ndrome are caused b- meiotic nondis5unction; #hereas the remaining +I are translocation errors. b. A specific region of the long arm of chromosome 21 is responsible for the pathogenesis of *o#n=s s-ndrome. c. 0lassic findings of *o#n=s s-ndrome include the simian crease; h-poplasia of the middle phalan& of the fifth finger; and congenital heart disease. d. )atients #ith *o#n=s s-ndrome frequentl- ha!e lo# serum purine le!els. e. *o#n=s s-ndrome is the most common chromosomal s-ndrome; #ith an incidence of appro&imatel- 1K688 li!e births. Ans * 163) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about Burner=s s-ndrome is false< a. Burner=s s-ndrome is the onl- disorder of se& chromosomes #ith characteristic e-e findings. b. )h-sical findings of Burner=s s-ndrome include short stature; #ebbing of the nec ; nonpitting edema; and coarctation of the aorta. c. Bhe incidence of d-schromatopsia in #omen #ith Burner=s s-ndrome is identical to that in health- #omen. d. 0lassic e-e findings of Burner=s s-ndrome include prominent epicanthal folds; ptosis; and blue sclera. e. )atients #ith Burner=s s-ndrome are al#a-s sterile Ans 0 16') (ncreasing paternal age has been associated #ith all of the follo#ing disorders e&ceptK a. the cranios-nostoses. b. Breacher 0ollins= s-ndrome. c. neurofibromatosis. d. *o#n=s s-ndrome. e. :aardenburg=s s-ndrome Ans * 16+) (n Marfan=s s-ndrome; the presence of ectopia lentis; arachnodact-l-; aortic aneur-sm; and tall habitus are e&amples of geneticK a. penetrance. b. !ariable e&pressi!it-. c. pleomorphism. d. phenocop-ing. e. pleiotropism. Ans E 16/) Crom the follo#ing list; select the racial predilection that is incorrectK a. Rile-D*a- s-ndromeK Ash ena4i Re#s.

b. ?lucoseD/Dphosphate deh-drogenase deficienc-K Mediterraneans. c. $guchi diseaseK 0hinese. d. sic le cell hemoglobinopath-K African Americans. e. diabetes mellitus; t-pe 2K )ima (ndians. Ans 0 162) An in!estigator attempts to sho# that a ne# topical medication is effecti!e in reducing intraocular pressure A($)). .e states that patients #ho too his medication had significantllo#er ($) than the patients #ho #ere gi!en the placebo and sa-s that his p !alue is equal to 8.81. :hich one of the follo#ing statements about this situation is false< a. .e is #illing to re5ect the null h-pothesis #ith a significance le!el E8.81. b. (f the difference in ($) bet#een his treatment and placebo groups #as actuall- due to chance; he is falling !ictim to t-pe ( statistical error. c. Bhere is a 1I chance that the results that occurred #ere a result of chance alone. d. (f he chooses to accept the null h-pothesis because he feels his probabilit- le!el is too high; #hen in fact there #as a true treatment difference; then he is falling !ictim to t-pe (( statistical error. e. Bhe po#er of his test is 8.77; or 1 minus his t-pe ( error. Ans E 166) :hich of the follo#ing structures is9are transmitted in the inferior orbital fissure or infraorbital groo!e9canal< 1. infraorbital ner!e. 2. inferior di!ision of the oculomotor ner!e. 3. ner!e from the pter-gopalatine ganglion. '. superior ophthalmic !ein. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans " 167) :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the genetics of aniridia is true< a. Bhe autosomalDdominant form is the onl- form to feature aniridia #ith no other ocular abnormalities. b. Bhe aniridia associated #ith :ilms= tumor is most often inherited. c. Aniridia is usuall- sporadic. d. :hen confronted #ith a patient #ith ne#l- diagnosed aniridia; an ophthalmologist should underta e a careful e&amination of the patient=s famil- members. e. Most cases of aniridia are unilateral.

Ans * %Sporadic aniridia Ai.e.; nonfamilial); often associated #ith glaucoma or cataract; can be caused b- a ne# deletion of an interstitial segment of chromosome 11 A11p13). Bhis deletion also results in genitourinar- malformations A#hich ma- be subtle in females); mental retardation; and :ilms= tumor. .ereditar- aniridia can occur #ith autosomalDdominant or autosomalDrecessi!e inheritance patterns and is associated #ith other ocular anomalies; including n-stagmus; cataract; glaucoma; corneal abnormalities; and h-poplasia of the optic ner!e. .ereditar- aniridia is onlrarel- associated #ith :ilms= tumor. E&amination of famil- members ma- differentiate sporadic from hereditar- aniridia. Most cases of aniridia are bilateral. B#o thirds of cases are familial 178) :hich of the follo#ing bones do not form part of the orbital floor< 1. 4-gomatic. 2. sphenoid. 3. ma&illar-. '. ethmoid. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '.d. ' onl-.e. 1; 2; 3; and ' Ans 0 171) :hich of the follo#ing muscles is9are supplied b- the superior di!ision of the oculomotor ner!e< 1. iris sphincter. 2. iris dilator. 3. inferior rectus. '. le!ator palpebrae superioris. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans * 172) :ith #hich of the follo#ing ner!es does paras-mpathetic inner!ation to the iris sphincter tra!el< a. ner!e to the le!ator palpebrae superioris. b. ner!e to the inferior oblique. c. ner!e to the superior rectus. d. ner!e to the superior oblique. e. long ciliar- ner!es. Ans "

173) :hich of the follo#ing are inner!ated b- cranial ner!e 1 Atrigeminal ner!e)< 1. corneal sensation. 2. pter-goid muscles. 3. masseter muscles. '. orbicularis oculi. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans A 17') :hich of the follo#ing e&traocular muscles does not originate mechanicall- from the orbital ape&< 1. superior rectus. 2. superior oblique. 3. inferior rectus. '. inferior oblique. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans 0 17+) :hich of the follo#ing e&traocular muscles does not originate anatomicall- from the orbital ape&< 1. superior rectus. 2. superior oblique. 3. inferior rectus. '. inferior oblique. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans * 17/) :hich one of the follo#ing sets of ner!e fibers s-napses in the ciliar- ganglion< a. s-mpathetic fibers to iris dilator. b. s-mpathetic fibers to choroid and ciliar- bod-. c. paras-mpathetic fibers to iris sphincter.

d. paras-mpathetic fibers to choroid and ciliar- bod-. e. sensor- fibers from the anterior globe Ai.e.; cornea; iris; ciliar- bod-). Ans 0 172) :hich of the follo#ing structures enterAs) the orbit outside the annulus of @inn< 1. nasociliar- ner!e. 2. lacrimal ner!e. 3. inferior di!ision of the third cranial ner!e. '. fourth cranial ner!e. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans 0 176) :hich of the follo#ing structures is not transmitted #ithin the superior orbital fissure< a. superior ophthalmic !ein. b. superior di!ision of the third cranial ner!e. c. ophthalmic arter-. d. inferior di!ision of the third cranial ner!e. e. fourth cranial ner!e. Ans 0 177) (n general; the last muscle to be rendered a inetic #ith a retrobulbar anesthetic bloc is theK a. superior rectus. b. superior oblique. c. inferior rectus. d. inferior oblique. e. le!ator palpebrae superioris. Ans " 288) :hich is the onl- e&traocular muscle t-picall- supplied b- one anterior ciliar- arter-< a. superior rectus. b. medial rectus. c. inferior rectus. d. lateral rectus. e. superior oblique Ans * 281) :hich upperDe-elid structure is considered to be analogous to the capsulopalpebral fascia of

the lo#er e-elid< a. MPller=s muscle. b. le!ator palpebrae superioris. c. le!ator aponeurosis. d. :hitnall=s ligament. e. orbital septum. Ans 0 %Bhe capsulopalpebral fascia is a condensation of noncontractile fascia from the sheaths of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles. >i e the aponeurosis of the le!ator muscle; it retracts the tarsus 282) Bhe suspensor- ligament of the globe is also no#n asK a. :hitnall=s ligament. b. >oc #ood=s ligament. c. le!ator aponeurosis. d. capsulopalpebral fascia. e. lateral rectus chec ligament. Ans " 283) :hich one of the follo#ing about photoreceptors is false< a. Bight 5unctions bet#een photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium AR)E) help maintain apposition bet#een these la-ers. b. Bhe ma5or protein isolated from rod outer segments is rhodopsin. c. Bhe chromophore for all the !isual pigments is 11DcisDretinaldeh-de. d. *ifferences in spectral absorption are due to different interactions bet#een the chromophore and the protein Aopsin) to #hich it is bound. e. Bhe four !isual pigment proteins ha!e considerable sequence homolog-; impl-ing a common ancestr-. Ans A 28') :hich one of the follo#ing statements about the arterial suppl- to the globe is correct< a. Bhere are t#o long posterior ciliar- arteries A>)0As); and these arteries enter the sclera posteriorl- near the optic ner!e at the 3D and 7Do=cloc positions. b. Bhere are 18 to 12 >)0As; and these arteries enter the sclera posteriorl- in a circle around the optic ner!e. c. Bhere are se!en >)0As; and these arteries terminate in the rectus muscles. d. Bhere are se!en >)0As; and these arteries terminate in the ma5or arterial circle of the iris after pro!iding feeders to the rectus muscles. e. Bhere are t#o >)0As; and these arteries enter the sclera posteriorl- near the optic ner!e at the /D and 12Do=cloc positions. Ans A

28+) (ndirectl- acting miotics Ae.g.; phospholine iodide) ma- dangerousl- increase s-stemic sensiti!it- to #hich of the follo#ing medications< 1. esterDt-pe local anesthetics Atetracaine). 2. monoamine o&idase inhibitors. 3. depolari4ing paral-tic agents. '. amideDt-pe local anesthetics Alidocaine). a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans " 28/) :hich one of the follo#ing about photoreceptor d-namics is false< a. Rods shed their outer segments shortl- after da#n. b. Stead-; constant dar adaptation #ill rapidl- ablate rod outer segment shedding. c. $nl- the cis configuration of 11Dretinaldeh-de can initiate the light absorption cascade. d. Bhe first step in regeneration of the chromophore is the formation of allDtrans retinal. e. Bhe chromophore is aligned parallel to the outer segment disc to enhance light capture. Ans " 282) Bhe cell most commonl- used for ar-ot-pic anal-sis is theK a. er-throc-te. b. platelet. c. neutrophil. d. " l-mphoc-te. e. B l-mphoc-te Ans E 286) Bhe first retinal cells to differentiate a recogni4able le!el areK a. photoreceptor cells. b. bipolar cells. c. ganglion cells. d. MPller=s cells. e. hori4ontal cells Ans 0 287) :hat is the diameter of the anatomic human fo!ea< a. 8.+ mm A+88 Sm). b. 1.8 mm A1;888 Sm). c. 1.+ mm A1;+88 Sm). d. 2.8 mm A2;888 Sm).

e. 2.+ mm A2;+88 Sm Ans 0 218) :hich one of the follo#ing e&traocular muscles is ser!ed b- a contralateral brainstem subnucleus< a. superior rectus. b. medial rectus. c. inferior oblique. d. le!ator palpebrae superioris.e. inferior rectus Ans A 211) A 17D-earDold #oman in the se!enth month of her first pregnanc- presents to an ophthalmologist complaining of !isual loss. )otential e&planations include each of the follo#ing e&ceptK a. acute glaucoma. b. occipital lobe infarct. c. central serous chorioretinopath-. d. ischemic optic neuropath-. e. e&udati!e retinal detachment Ans A 212) Bhe ris of progression to proliferati!e diabetic retinopath- in a patient #ho is pregnant #ho has no or mild nonproliferati!e diabetic retinopath- before pregnanc- is appro&imatel-K a. 8I. b. 8.2I. c. 1I. d. +I. e. 18I. Ans * 213) )regnanc- ma- aggra!ate each of the follo#ing conditions e&ceptK a. ?ra!es= disease. b. pituitar- adenoma. c. meningioma. d. m-asthenia gra!is. e. diabetic retinopathAns * 21') :hich one of the follo#ing statements about tamo&ifen is false< a. Bhe antiestrogenic effects of tamo&ifen are particularl- useful for ad5uncti!e therap- for estrogen receptorDpositi!e breast cancers. b. $cular to&icit- has not been reported #ith cumulati!e doses of Q18 g.

c. $cular to&icit- has reportedl- de!eloped in 1I to /I of treated patients in pre!ious studies. d. )otential ocular findings follo#ing lo#Ddose treatment A18 to 28 mg9da-) include cornea !erticillata; focal retinal pigment epithelium AR)E) damage; and cr-stalline retinopath-. e. $nce retinal cr-stals ha!e been detected; therap- should be continued #ith close follo#Dup. Ans * 21+) Appro&imatel- #hat percentage of patients #ith ne#l- diagnosed essential h-pertension #ill remain #ell controlled on one antih-pertensi!e agent< a. 18I. b. 2+I. c. +8I. d. /2I. e. 2+I. Ans 0 21/) :hich t-pe of organ transplantation procedure is most li el- to be complicated bdisseminated opportunistic fungal infection; including endophthalmitis< a. li!er transplantation. b. idne- transplantation. c. pancreas transplantation. d. heart transplantation. e. lung transplantation Ans A 212) :hich of the follo#ing anti!iral agents are commonl- used to treat herpes 4oster Ashingles)< 1. !alac-clo!ir. 2. famciclo!ir. 3. ac-clo!ir. '. ganciclo!ir. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '. Ans A 216) :hich of the follo#ing cataract t-pes is most often associated #ith steroid use< a. nuclear. b. cortical. c. posterior subcapsular. d. b. and c.

e. a.; b.; and c. Ans 0 217) :hich of the follo#ing cataract t-pes is most clearl- associated #ith cigarette smo ing< a. nuclear. b. cortical. c. posterior subcapsular. d. b. and c. e. a.; b.; and c. Ans A 228) :hich of the follo#ing cataract t-pes is most often associated #ith diabetes mellitus< a. nuclear. b. cortical. c. posterior subcapsular. d. b. and c. e. a.; b.; and c Ans * 221) :hich of the follo#ing cataract t-pes is most often associated #ith ultra!iolet light e&posures< a. nuclear. b. cortical. c. posterior subcapsular. d. b. and c. e. a.; b.; and c. Ans " 222) :hich of the follo#ing cataract t-pes is most often associated #ith lo#er educational le!els< a. nuclear. b. cortical. c. posterior subcapsular. d. b. and c. e. a.; b.; and c. Ans E 223) Each of the follo#ing statements are !alid conclusions of the *iabetes 0ontrol and 0omplications Brial A*00B) e&ceptK a. Among patients #ith no retinopath- at the outset of the stud-; the ris of progression of

retinopath- #as reduced to appro&imatel- 68I b- intensi!e blood sugar control. b. Among patients #ith mild to moderate retinopath- at the outset of the stud-; the ris of progression of retinopath- #as reduced to /+I b- intensi!e blood sugar control. c. Bhe stud- confirmed that there #as an Tearl- #orseningH effect among patients initiated #ith intensi!e blood sugar control. d. Collo#ing documented progression; subsequent reco!er- #as equall- li el- in the con!entional !ersus intensi!e treatment groups. e. )atients #ith more se!ere retinopath- at baseline en5o-ed the same reduction in ris of progression as patients #ith milder retinopath-. Ans * 22') Each of the follo#ing statements is true about !alac-clo!ir e&ceptK a. 1alac-clo!ir acts as a TprodrugH because it is con!erted into ac-clo!ir in the small intestine and li!er. b. $ral !alac-clo!ir is substantiall- more bioa!ailable than oral ac-clo!ir. c. 1alac-clo!ir ma- reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia; if gi!en #ithin 22 hours of onset of s-mptoms. d. Although a t-pical regimen for herpes 4oster ma- be less e&pensi!e than ac-clo!ir; the standard dosing of !alac-clo!ir is more frequent than that for ac-clo!ir. e. 0oncurrent use of cimetidine can increase plasma concentrations of the acti!e drug. Ans * 22+) Appro&imatel- #hat percentage of patients #ith diabetes #ill de!elop as-mmetric retinopath- Aproliferati!e disease #ith highDris characteristics in one e-e and no greater than moderate nonproliferati!e retinopath- in the other e-e)< a. 1I. b. +I. c. 18I. d. 1+I. e. 28I. Ans " 22/) :hich of the follo#ing conditions retards the progress of diabetic retinopath-< 1. ipsilateral glaucoma. 2. ipsilateral se!ere carotid stenosis. 3. ipsilateral chorioretinal scarring. '. ipsilateral apha ia. a. 1; 2; and 3. b. 1 and 3. c. 2 and '. d. ' onl-. e. 1; 2; 3; and '.

Ans " 222) :hen should a patient #ith ne#l- diagnosed t-pe 1 diabetes undergo an initial screening ophthalmic e&amination< a. immediatel-. b. 1 -ear later. c. 2 -ears later. d. 3 -ears later. e. + -ears later. Ans E %)atients #ith ne#l- diagnosed t-pe 1 diabetes rarel- de!elop retinopath- #ithin the first + -ears of diagnosis 226) :hich one of the follo#ing agents presents the lo#est ris of corneal or con5uncti!al to&icit- as a preoperati!e antiseptic< a. chlorhe&idine gluconate 'I A.ibiclens). b. po!idoneDiodine solution +I. c. h-drogen pero&ide 188I. d. ben4al onium chloride 188I. e. sil!er nitrate 1I. Ans " 227) :hen should a patient #ith ne#l- diagnosed t-pe 2 diabetes undergo an initial screening ophthalmic e&amination< a. immediatel-. b. 1 -ear later. c. 2 -ears later. d. 3 -ears later. e. + -ears later Ans A 238) :hich of the follo#ing preoperati!e regimens most effecti!el- reduces con5uncti!al bacterial colon- counts< a. topical antibiotic for 3 da-s preoperati!el-. b. topical po!idoneDiodine for 3 da-s preoperati!el-. c. topical antibiotic for 3 da-s preoperati!el-; follo#ed b- topical po!idoneDiodine at the time of surger-. d. topical po!idoneDiodine at the time of surger-. e. topical po!idoneDiodine at the time of surger-; follo#ed immediatel- b- !igorous saline flush Ans 0

231) 0igarette smo ing has been most strongl- associated #ith #hich manifestation of ageD related macular degeneration< a. hard drusen. b. soft drusen. c. focal retinal pigment epithelium AR)E) h-perplasia. d. choroidal neo!asculari4ation. e. geographic atroph-. Ans * 232) :hat is the shortest duration of cataract surger- that has resulted in photic maculopath-< a. + minutes. b. 28 minutes. c. ++ minutes. d. 2+ minutes. e. 78 minutes. Ans 0 233) )otential side effects of topical prostaglandins or their analogs include each of the follo#ing e&ceptK a. brad-cardia. b. red e-e. c. iris h-perpigmentation. d. ec4ema. e. superficial punctate eratitis AS)F). Ans A 23') 0ompared #ith timolol 8.+I ta en dail-; latanoprostK a. has a lesser pea effect on intraocular pressure A($)). b. is more li el- to be associated #ith #ide !ariations in ($). c. is more li el- to cause cardio!ascular complications. d. has comparable or superior efficac- if administered once dail-; in the e!ening. e. causes less red e-e Ans * 23+) Each of the follo#ing is true about the !accination for !aricella 4oster !irus e&ceptK a. Cor children bet#een the ages of 1 and 12 -ears; a single dose is sufficient. b. B#o doses; ' to 6 #ee s apart; are recommended for indi!iduals older than 12 -ears. c. Bhe !accine has been sho#n to reduce the incidence of shingles in immunocompetent adults #ith a histor- of childhood !aricella infection. d. Bhe !accine is contraindicated during pregnanc-. e. Salic-lates should be a!oided #ithin the first / #ee s follo#ing immuni4ation

Ans 0 23/) TCirst passH metabolism b- the hepatic c-tochrome )'+8 en4-me s-stem of man- drugs; including calciumDchannel bloc ers and c-closporine; ma- be considerabl- inhibited; leading to increased drug plasma concentrations; b- #hich one of the follo#ingK a. herbal teas. b. grapefruit 5uice. c. homeDdistilled alcohol Amoonshine). d. highDdose !itamin A. e. tanning beds. Ans " 232) :hich of the follo#ing is most li el- to be an e&traocular focus of infection for endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis< a. li!er abscess. b. endocarditis. c. orbital cellulitis. d. meningitis. e. septic arthritis Ans