Fluid Definitions and Properties Fluid: a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress of any magnitude.

3 3 Density: mass/unit volume slugs/ft or kg/m 3 3 Specific weight: weight/unit volume ( =g )lb/ft or N/m Specific gravity: ratio of density of fluid to density of water at some temperature. (SG=/h2O @4C ) 3 To find of a given substance (=SG*density of water at given temperature) common water density is 1.94 slugs/ft^3 and1000kg/m 2 2 Ideal gas Law: (=P/RT)P=Abs Pressure, T=Abs Temp, R=gas constant. lb/ft (psf) or lb/in (psi) SI N/m^2 Absolute Pressure: Relative to a vacuum Gage Pressure: relative to local atmospheric pressure. gage+atm=abs, abs-atm=gage Local atm: depends on temperature and elevation (atm std= 14.696psi or 101.33kPa) : viscosity where = du/dy Hydrostatics Forces on submerged surfaces (dF=-Pdxdydz) A fluid at rest has no acceleration P=dp/dzi+ (P+k=a=0) Broken down into components (dp/dx=0, and dp/dy =0) Pressure ONLY varies w/ depth when STATIC. Therefore dp/dz=- Nora you know manometers.okay! Procedure: (Start at known pressure,+ down, -up, = destination pressure) Pressure on submerged surface: look at pic (F+Patm*A-P1*A=>F=A(h)) Fr=hcA hc is vertical distance to centroid of the area. Yc is the y coordinate of the centroid Of area A.Yr is coordinate of the resultant force. Yr=Ixx/Yc*A + Yc where Ixx is moment of inertia about centroid. Location of resultant force Yr-Yc, take moment about shaft to find moment Required to open a gate. Resultant force on pressure prism (Fr=(h/2)A) centroid at h/3

FB = gV for Equiluibrium => (W = FB)

for steady flow