Curs 4 8 noie m b ri e FUNDAMENTELE PSIHOLOGIEI 3. Prin ci p i u l refl e c t r ii i m o d e l rii inf or m a i o n a l e Acest principiu ne r sp u n !

n ! e "# $ntreb # r e # % &Ce est e psi'icu" c# (eno m e n ) $n ce cons t n#tur # "ui c#"it#ti* +& Ace#s t # est e un# !in $ntreb ri"e c#r!in #" e #"e psi'o"o,iei) c#re s- #u pus !intot ! e # u n # . / spu n s u ri"e "# #ce # s t $ntreb # r e #u osci"#t $n timp $ntre *#ri#nt e" e subs t # n 0i #"ist e 1i *#ri#n t e" e en er , e ti s t e . 2n *#ri#n t e" e subs t # n 0i #"ist e ) psi'icu" er# i!enti(ic#t cu o subs t # n 0 sui gen eris !enu mi t ("ui! s#u 'om u n c u"u s ) situ# t $n interioru" in!i*i!u"ui 1i con(erin! u- i #tribut e (unc0ion #" e speci(ice. 3#ri#nt # en er , e ti s t i!enti(ic# psi'icu" cu o (orm p#rticu"#r !e ener ,i e. Ce# m#i pre, n # n t *#ri#n t en er , e ti s t o repr e4int teori# ener ,ii"or speci(ice #"e or,# n e"or !e sim0) e"#bor # t !e neuro(i4io"o,u" ,er m # n 5o'#n n e s Mu""er $n # !ou # 6um t # t e # seco"u"ui 7I7. Ace#s t teorie sus0in e # c sen4 # 0ii"e 1i perc e p 0ii"e repr e4int (orm e speci(ice #"e en er ,ii"or pe c#re "e con0in $n e"e or,# n e" e !e sim0 1i c#re sunt #cti*# t e sub #c0iun e # stimu"i"or e8ter ni. Consi! er # r e # psi'icu"ui c# subs t # n 0 s#u en er ,i e !uce (rec* e n t "# e"imin#r e # c#r#c t e ris tici"or "ui c#"it#ti* e speci(ice 1i "# !i4o"*#r e # "ui (ie $n struct u ri"e subs t # n 0i #" e #"e creieru"ui) (ie $n (orme" e ener , e tic e bio"o,ice 1i bio(i4ice c#re #u "oc $n or,# nis m. Principiu" re("ect rii s- # contur # t $n # !ou # 6um t # t e # seco"u"ui 7I79 prin e" se *i4# , sire # unui #"t r s p u n s ) m#i #! ec* # t ) "# $ntre b # r e # % &C#re est e n#tur # onto"o,ic ) e8ist e n 0i #" # psi'icu"ui+& 2n prim# s# *#ri#n t ) #ce s t principiu # *#"ori(ic#t principii"e 1i "e,i"e (i4icii) $n speci#" #"e opticii) c#re !e m o n s t r # u posibi"it#t e # o,"in!irii unui corp $ntr- un #"t corp sub (orm # im#,inii) !#torit r#port u"ui !e #bs or b 0i e) re("e8ie 1i re(r#c0ie # "uminii c#re c#! e pe supr #( # 0 # corpu"ui re("ect # t. U"terior) #ce s t principiu s- # #!ec* # t "# p#rticu"#rit 0i"e (unc0ion #" e #"e siste m u" ui ner*os centr #" 1i #"e creieru"ui. 2n (orm # "ui e"#bor # t ) (in#" ) #ce s t principiu sus0in e c psi'icu") !in punct !e *e! e r e onto"o,ic :e8ist e n 0i #";) treb ui e !e(init c# o (orm p#rticu"#r !e re("ect # r e . Atribut e" e #ces t ei re("ect ri sunt% <. Se re#"i4e # 4 !e c tr e o m#t e ri e sup e rior or,# ni4 # t 1i !e4*o"t # t - creieru"9 =. Are un c#r#c t e r subiecti*9 >. Are un c#r#c t e r i!e#". C#r#ct e r u" subiec ti* $nse # m n c orice proc e s psi'ic se re#"i4e #4 1i #p#r 0in e unui in!i*i! concr e t9 nu e8ist proce s e psi'ice e8tr #in!i*i!u #" e. C#r#ct e r u" subiec ti* se m#i re(er "# !ep e n ! e n 0 # con0inu t u"ui 1i (orm ei !e re#"i4#r e # re("ect rii psi'ice !e p#rticu"#rit 0i"e struct ur #"(unc0ion #" e intern e #"e subiect u"ui% $n r#port cu unu" 1i #ce"# 1i obiect s#u un# 1i #ce e # 1 i situ # 0ie subiecti* ) "# !i(eri0i subiec0i *or #p r e # !i(erite con0inut u ri psi'ice) #ce # s t # !#torit !i(ere n 0 e" or $n struct ur # or,# ni4 rii "or intern e . De #s e m e n e # ) #ces t c#r#c t e r se re(er "# imp"ic#r e # #cti* # subiect u"ui $n !es( 1 u r # r e # proce s u"ui !e re("ect # r e . Subiect u" se

#n, #6 e # 4 *o"unt # r $n perc e p 0i e) me m o ri e) re4o"*#r e # !e prob"e m e 9 re("ect # r e # psi'ic #re c#r#ct e r #cti* 1i se"ecti*. C#r#ct e r u" i!e#" $nse # m n c (orm # !e re("ect # r e psi'ic se opun e subs t # n 0i #"u"ui) m# t e ri #"u"ui. C# #t#r e) pe "$n, subs t # n 0 1i en er ,i e) e8ist o re#"it# t e i!e#" % psi'icu" Se po#t e spun e c &i!e #"u" est e m# t e ri #"u" tr#! u s 1i tr#ns p u s $n c#pu" omu"ui&) proc e s e" e !e tr#! u c e r e 1i tr#n s p u n e r e re#"i4$n! re("ect # r e # psi'ic . C# (orm p#rticu"#r !e re("ect # r e ) psi'icu" se $nte m ei # 4 pe 1i !eri* !in propriet 0i"e ,en e r #" e !e re("ect # r e # m#t e ri ei. To#t e corpuri"e #u $nsu1ire # !e # $nre,is tr # 1i repro ! u c e $n m# ni er proprie in("uen 0 e" e 1i #c0iuni"e e8ercit # t e #supr # "or !e ce"e"#"t e corpuri. Propriet # t e # !e re("ect # r e se re#"i4e # 4 $n c#!ru" unei re"#0ii (unc0ion #" e cu !oi ter m e ni princip#"i% - ter m e n u" re("ect # t ) c#re #c0ion e # 4 1i e8ercit #nu mit e in("uen0 e 1i #c0iuni9 - ter m e n u" re("ect # n t ) c#re rece p t e # 4 #c0iun e # 1i o repro! u c e $n m# ni er proprie. /e("ect # n t u" o,"in! e 1 t e ) re("ect c#r#ct e ris tici"e #c0iunii e8ercit # t e !e re("ect # t. N#tur # c#"it#ti* # re("ect rii se !et er mi n !up c#r#c t e ris tici"e re("ect # n t u" ui 1i) !up cum re("ect # t u" est e un corp ne$ns u("e0it s#u un corp $nsu("e0it) c#"it#t e # re("ect rii se *# mo!i(ic# $n mo! cores p u n 4 t o r . Form e principale de reflectar e: - mec # nic % se re#"i4e # 4 prin mo!i(ic#r e # struct u r #" ) !e (orm s#u !e po4i0ie sp#0i#" # re("ect # n t u" ui :e8% "o*ire# bi"ei cu t#cu";9 - mec # nic !e tip optic % se re#"i4e #4 $n (orm !e im#,in e *irtu #" pe b#4 # inter # c 0iu nii $ntre (#scicu"e"e !e "umin 1i "enti"e s#u o,"in4i9 - bio"o,ic % #p#r e "# or,# nis m e " e *ii 1i se re#"i4e #4 prin proc e s e me t # b o"ic e. Or,# nis m u" *iu re#"i4e #4 sc'imb u ri !e subs t # n 0 e 1i ener ,i e cu me !iu") tr#ns(or m ri c'imice #supr # #ce s t o r subs t # n 0 e 1i ener ,ii) e8tr ,$n ! e"e m e n t e " e nec e s # r e propriei struct uri 1i (unc0ion ri9 - psi'ic % (orm sup erio #r !e re("ect # r e re#"i4#t prin inter m e !i u" siste m u" ui ner*os9 e# se b#4 e # 4 pe re"#0i# 1i (unc0i# !e se m n #"i4 #r e 1i !esi,n # r e- repr e4 e n t # r e . A!ic #c0iuni"e stimu"i"or e8t er ni sunt supus e unor oper # 0ii "o,ice !e pre"ucr # r e 1i interpr e t # r e . Acest e oper # 0ii se concre ti4 e # 4 $n cons tituire # unor im#,ini i!e#"e) c#re se pun e $n cores p o n ! e n 0 cu stimu"ii s#u obiect e" e e8t er n e c#re #c0ion e # 4 $n mo m e n t u" !#t #supr # or,# n e"or !e sim0. Im#,in e # pres u p u n e st# bi"ire # unei re"#0ii !e #s e m n # r e cu obiect u" s#u stimu"u"ui e8t er n) pe b#4# c rei# !e*in e posibi" !i(ere n 0i e r e # :s#u !iscrimin # r e # ; 1i i!enti(ic#r e # ) recun o # 1 t e r e # obiect e"or $n in!i*i!u #"it# t e # "or speci(ic . Pe "$n, (orm # im#,istic ) re("ect # r e # psi'ic ) $n!eo s e bi "# ni*e"u" omu"ui) $mbr #c 1i (orm# constru c ti*ist . Constructivis m ul repr e4int #ce # mo! #"it # t e sup e rio # r !e pre"ucr # r e 1i inte,r # r e # in(orm # 0ii"or 1i !#t e"or e8t er n e prin inter m e ! i u" sim0uri"or) c#re (#ce posibi" e"#bor # r e # !e ,en e r #"i4 ri 1i simbo"i4 ri. Acest e ,en e r #"i4 ri 1i simbo"i4 ri sunt concre ti4 # t e $n (orm# no0iuni"or 1i conc e p t e" or. Spre !eos e bir e !e perc e p 0i e 1i repr e4 e n t # r e ) no0iun e # s#u conc e p t u" nu pres u p u n e e8ist e n 0 #

unei re"#0ii !e #s e m n # r e cu obiect u" s#u re#"it#t e # re("ect # t ) ci !o#r # unei re"#0ii !e repr e4 e n t # r e - !esi,n # r e con*e n 0io n #" . A1#! #r) re("ect # r e # psi'ic "# ni*e"u" omu"ui se re#"i4e # 4 $n !ou (orm e es e n 0i #" e% - sub (orm !e im#,ini : reflectar e a imagistic ; - sub (orm !e cons tr uc t e me n t #" e ) "o,ice : gen er alizar ea abstract ; 2n #mb e" e c#4uri) re("ect # r e # est e me !i# t prin cu*$nt. Cu*$ntu" (i8e#4 im#,in e # perc e p ti* 1i inter*in e 1i $n (orm #r e # conc e p t e" or. Principiu" re("ect rii # (ost $ntre,it) !e(initi*# t $n # !ou # 6um t # t e # seco"u"ui 77 prin #! u ,ir e # principiu"ui mo! e" rii in(orm # 0io n #" e. 4. Prin ci p i u l m o d e l rii inf or m a i o n a l e 2n !e(inire # st#t u t u"ui onto"o,ic #" psi'o"o,iei) "# no0iun e # c"#sic !e re("ect # r e s- # #! u , # t no0iun e # mo! e r n !e infor m a i e :intro! u s !e cibern e tic # teor e tic ;. Prin intro!u c e r e # no0iunii !e in(orm # 0i e ) # re4u"t# t mo!i(ic#r e # mo! e"u"ui c"#sic #" Uni*ers u"ui) #!ic # mo! e"u"ui bi!im e n sio n #") $n c#re Uni*ers u" er# consi! er # t c# #*$n! !ou !ime n si u ni st# bi"ite !e (i4ic# c"#sic % subs t # n 0 # 1i en er ,i #. Cibern e tic # # intro! u s !ime n siu n e # in(orm # 0io n #" ) !e #ici re4u"t$n! mo! e"u" tridim e n s io n al #" Uni*ers u"ui. In(orm # 0i # !e*in e #1 # ! # r o entit # t e obiecti* ) b#4#" cons titu ti* # $ntre, u"ui uni*ers. 2ncerc$n! s !e(ine # s c no0iun e # !e in(orm # 0i e ) Norbert ?iener nu , s e 1 t e ini0i#" !ec$t o (ormu"#r e t#uto"o,ic % &In(orm # 0i # est e !o#r in(orm # 0i e) e# nu est e nici subs t # n 0 ) nici ener ,i e.& Spre !eos e bir e !e subs t # n 0 1i en er ,i e) in(orm # 0i # est e "ipsit !e proprie t 0i ne mi6"ocit perc e p tibi"e. 2n #ce # s t situ# 0i e) se pun e $ntreb # r e # % cum se po#t e tes t # e8ist e n 0 # ei re#" + E8iste n 0 # re#" # in(orm # 0i ei se *eri(ic 1i se test e # 4 in!irect) pe b#4# #n#"i4ei 1i e*#"u rii e(ect e"or pe c#re e# "e pro!uc e "# ni*e"u" siste m e" o r rece p t o # r e . D#c primim un stimu" !in #(#r 1i siste m u" ! un r s p u n s e(icient :c#r e s - i p s tr e 4 e ec'i"ibru") or,# ni4 #r e # intern ;) #ce # s t # $nse # m n c e" re#"i4e # 4 inte,r # r e !e in(orm # 0i e :opus u" in(orm # 0i ei est e entro pi #;. Ast(e" #p #r e o nou !e(ini0ie # in(orm # 0i ei% Infor m a ia est e ms ura gradului de organizar e la nivelul siste m e l or reale, aflate n iposta z a de rece p t o ar e ale influe n el or ex ercitat e din afar asupra lor. Oriund e exist organizar e, dez v oltar e, opti miz ar e, acolo se realizea z integrar e de infor m a i e. Oriund e exist oscilaii, perturbri, disfunc ii, acolo locul infor m a i ei est e luat de entropie. F c$n! o p#r #" e" $ntre no0iun e # !e in(orm # 0i e 1i no0iun e # !e psi'ic ) se const # t c ) !in punct u" !e *e! er e #" se m ni(ic# 0i ei) #" con0inut u"ui) e"e sunt (o#rt e #propi# t e 1i !e #ce"# 1i ,en :r#n,;% <. C# 1i in(orm # 0i #) psi'icu" est e "ipsit !e proprie t 0i sensibi"e. =. C# 1i in(orm # 0i #) psi'icu" se re#"i4e #4 ) se (orm e # 4 1i (unc0ion e # 4 $n c#!ru" re"#0iei !e comu nic #r e !intr e subiec t 1i "ume # e8t erio #r . >. C# 1i in(orm # 0i #) psi'icu" !i(ere n 0i # 4 in!i*i4ii concr e 0i. 4. C# 1i in(orm # 0i #) psi'icu" pres u p u n e e8ist e n 0 # unui #nu mit suport subs t # n 0i #"- en er , e tic :sist e m u" ner*os) creieru"; 1i # unor #nu mit e mec # nis m e pentr u # se put e # re#"i4#.

Mo!e"#r e # in(orm # 0io n #" #r#t c re("ect # r e # psi'ic se re#"i4e #4 $n (orm # unor mo! e" e in(orm # 0io n #" e. Acest e mo! e" e in(orm # 0io n #" e sunt !e !ou tipuri% - i4omor(ice ) $n c#!ru" c ror # se st# bi"es c cores p o n ! e n 0 e biuni*oc e) !e <- < $ntre e"e m e n t e " e intern e #"e mo! e"u"ui :im# ,inii; 1i propriet 0i"e obiect u"ui :#!ic im#,in e # repro! u c e punct cu punct e"e m e n t e " e 1i proprie t 0i"e obiect u"ui9 e8e m p" u% perc e p 0i # in!i*i!u #" ;. - 'omo m o r(ice ) $n c#re se pro!uc e o compri m # r e 1i se"ect # r e # in(orm # 0i ei :!es pr e $nsu1iri"e concre t e #"e obiect e"or;) #st(e" $nc$t obiect u" est e repr e4 e n t # t se"ecti* :e8e m p" u% no0iun e # . Pute m spun e c psi icul est e un ansa m bl u de mo d el e infor m a io n al e ale lumii obiectiv e ext er n e . 5. Prin ci p i u l unit ii co n t i i n - acti vi t a t e A (ost intro! u s $n psi'o"o,ie !e Pierre 5#net :cre # t o r u" psi ologiei cond uit ei ;) #r,u m e n t # t 1i !e4*o"t # t !e H. ?#""on : !e la act la gndire ;) 5. Pi#,e t : "si ologia intelige n ei ;) A. Leontie* : "roble m e ale dez v oltrii psi ice ; 1i L. 3$,o0@i : Oper e #les e ) *o". I) II;. Acest principiu r sp u n ! e "# $ntreb # r e # % c#re est e ori,ine # struct u ri"or 1i proce s e"or psi'ice+ 2n istori# psi'o"o,iei) $n "e, t ur cu #ce # s t prob"e m #u e8ist # t !ou curen t e !i# m e t r #" opus e % ineis m ul :im#n e n ti s m u"; 1i curent ul tabula rasa . Potri*it ineis m u"ui) struct u ri"e psi'ice sunt !#t e) $nn s c u t e ) pre(or m # t e 9 m# ni(e s t # r e # "or se pro!uc e trep t # t 1i succe si* $n curs u" *ie0ii in!i*i!u"ui. 2n#int #r e # $n *$rst sco# t e "# supr #( # 0 1i pun e $n (unc0iun e noi struct u ri psi'ice) #("#t e p$n #tunci $n st#r e "#ten t . Me!iu" e8t er n nu #re !ec$t) ce" mu"t) ro" !e !ec"#n 1 # t o r 1i #cti*#t o r #" struct uri"or pre e 8is t e n t e . Im#n e n ti s m u" $1i #re r ! cini"e $n #ntic'it # t e ) $n conce p 0i # "ui P"#ton) c#re (ormu"e # 4 te4# I!ei"or $nn s c u t e . Ace#s t te4 *# (i re"u# t $n epoc # mo! e r n !e A#nt 1i #mp"u !e4*o"t # t sub (orm# C#te , o rii"or #priorice) #ces t e # (iin! struct u ri !e ,$n!ire e8ist e n t e $n#int e # 1i $n #(#r # oric r ei e8p e ri e n 0 e sen4ori#"e. Bi Desc#r t e s #! mit e i!ee # unor struct uri psi'ice pre! e t e r mi n # t e ) pre e 8is t e n t e ) !e tipu" ,$n!irii. G$n!ire # re("e8i* est e pre e 8is t e n t ) im#n e n t $n in!i*i!9 e# prec e ! e8ist e n 0 # in!i*i!u"ui. 2n p"#n 1tiin0i(ic) i!ee # im#n e n tis m u" ui struct uri"or psi'ice est e #r,u m e n t # t 1i !e4*o"t # t !e #ntro p o"o, u" 1i psi'o"o, u" en,"e4 Fr#ncis G#"ton. 2n "ucr#r e # s#) $eniul ereditar ) e" !e m o n s t r e # 4 c #ptitu !ini"e) c#p # cit 0i"e inte"ec t u #" e 1i !e #"te tipuri repr e4int o 4estr e $nn s c u t !e sor,int e ere !it # r . Acest # est e un p#s $n#int e (#0 !e #bor! # r e # (i"oso(ic . G#"ton !e mo n s t r e # 4 ) pe b#4# #n#"i4ei unor (#mi"ii !e ,enii 1i !e pers o n #"it 0i !in 1tiin0 ) te' nic ) #rt ) $n comp # r # 0i e cu #"te (#mi"ii cu #ptitu !ini sc 4u t e . Im#n e n ti s m u" est e sus0inu t !e 1co#"# ,es t #"tis t ) c#re #(irm# c nu e8ist $n n#tur m#t e ri e ( r (orm ) neor, # ni4 # t $n struct u ri 1i c#re "e,# struct u ri"e psi'ice !e "e,e # (un! # m e n t # " # or,# ni4 ri. Ace#s t "e,e #c0ion e # 4 $n mo! obiecti*) in(#i"ibi" 1i ,en e r e # 4 #nu mit e (orm e 1i struct u ri. Cu #p"ic#r e "# c#p # cit 0i"e *erb #" e) im#n e n ti s m u" # (ost sus0inu t !e "in,*istu" 1i "o,ici#n u" N. C'oms @ C) c#re #(irm# c struct u ri"e *erb #" e (un! # m e n t # " e sunt pre(or m # t e ) e8ist e n t e $n in!i*i! pe b#4# co!u"ui

,en e tic. Pe #ce # s t te m ) C'oms @C # #*ut o #mp" cons e m n # t $n "roble m e l e limba%ului.

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Curent u" tabula rasa $1i #re ori,ine # $n (i"oso(i# empirist- po4iti*ist en,"e4 repr e4 e n t # t !e F. D#con 1i 5. Loc@e. Potri*it #ces t ei conce p 0ii) &nimic nu e8ist $n inte"ec t c#re m#i $n#int e s nu (i e8ist # t $n sim0uri&. /e4u"t c struct uri"e ,$n!irii se (orm e # 4 pe b#4# sen4 # 0ii"or 1i perc e p 0ii"or. Principiu" tabula rasa # (ost #mp"u !e4*o"t # t $n oper # m#ri"or m# t e ri #"i1ti (r#nc e4i #i seco"u"ui 73III :Di!erot) L# Mettrie) He"*etius) DEHo""b#c';. Ace1ti# #*# n s e # 4 opini# cum c ) "# n#1 t e r e ) copi"u" est e un (e" !e t#b" #"b ) "ipsit !e orice !ot#r e s#u 4estr e #! # p t # ti* . Pe #ce # s t t#b" $ncep s $nre,istr e4 e impr e sii 1i urm e) ump"$n!- o cu un #nu mit con0inut) me !iu" e8t er n 1i re,im u" e!uc # 0io n #" $n speci#". A1#! #r) in!i*i!u" !e*in e) !in punct !e *e! er e psi'ic) cee # ce reu1 e 1 t e s (#c me !iu" 1i e!uc # 0i # !in e" $n !ecurs u" *ie0ii s#"e. To#te comp o n e n t e " e *ie0ii psi'ice se (orm e # 4 1i se !e4*o"t trept # t ) sub #c0iun e # e8c"usi*ist # (#ctori"or !e me !iu. To#te comp o n e n t e " e *ie0ii psi'ice sunt !ob$n!it e. Ace#s t #bso"uti4#r e # me !iu"ui # !us $n imp# s e8p"ic#r e # #! e* r # t e " or ori,ini 1i #! e* r # t e i mo! #"it 0i !e !e* e nir e # struct uri"or psi'ice intern e ) c# 1i orient # r e # im#n e n tis t ) c#re #bso"uti4e # 4 ro"u" ere!it 0ii. Dup prim# 6um t # t e # seco"u"ui 77) s- # pro!u s ie1ire # !in #ces t imp# s prin #!op t # r e # % 6. Prin ci p i u l g e n e t i c int er a c i o n i s t Potri*it #ce s t ui principiu) (unc0ii"e 1i proce s e" e psi'ice se cons tituie) se !i*ersi(ic ) se !e4*o"t 1i se cons o"i! e # 4 $n curs u" *ie0ii in!i*i!u"ui) #!ic $n onto, e n e 4 . Acest proce s se !es( 1 o # r $n sens #sc e n ! e n t ) !e "# simp"u "# comp"e 8) !e "# in(erior "# sup erior) !e "# !i(u4) ne!i(er e n 0i # t "# !i(ere n 0i # t) in!i*i!u #"i4# t. Din# mic # proc e s u"ui ,en e tic tr#* er s e # 4 o succ e siu n e !e st# !ii s#u et# p e nu mit e stadii psi og e n e tic e . Fiec#r e st#!iu se !es( 1 o # r pe p#rcur s u" unei #nu mit e perio# ! e !e timp) inc"u4$n! un num r m#i m#r e s#u m#i mic !e #ni !e *i#0 #i in!i*i!u"ui. 2ntre st# !ii e8ist un r#port ier#r'ic !e subor ! o n # r e ) $n sens u" c st#!iu" ier#r'ic sup erior !et e r mi n c#r#ct e ris tici"e c#"it#ti*e #"e $ntre,ii or,# ni4 ri psi'ice) e" inte,r$n ! #st(e") pe o sc' e m (unc0ion #" nou ) con0inu t u ri"e st# !ii"or #nt e rio # r e ) in(erio#r e. &tadiile psi og e n e tic e ale intelect ului dup '. "iaget <. St#!iu" prim# r sen4orio m o t o r :F- > #ni;. E"em e n t u" !e(initoriu pentr u or,# ni4 #r e # psi'ic # in!i*i!u"ui $" repr e4int comp"e 8 e" e sen4ori#"e 1i motorii ce se cons tituie pe b#4# inter # c 0iu nii !irect e # copi"u"ui cu obiect e" e !in 6ur. =. St#!iu" preop e r # t o r :>- G #ni;) #"c t uit !in #c0iuni concr e t e !e mo!i(ic#r e 1i tr#n s(or m # r e $n st#r e # !#t # obiect e"or) num #i $ntr- un sin,ur sens. >. St#!iu" oper # 0ii"or concr e t e :G- << #ni;. Ap#r tr#n s(or m ri oper # t o rii) b#4 # t e pe re#"i4#r e # tr#ns(or m rii $n !ub"u sens% tr#ns(or m # r e # "ui A $n D :!irect ;) AD) *# (i core"#t cu tr#ns(or m # r e # "ui D $n A :in*ers ;) DA. 2n #ce s t st#!iu) pentr u (iec#r e tr#ns(or m # r e se !e4*o"t 1i

opus u" ei 1i se "e#, $ntr- o sc' e m (unc0ion #" comp # c t ) sc e m a operat orie ) c#re #re c# #tribu t es e n 0i #" re*er sibi"it#t e # . Acest st#!iu se nu m e 1 t e concre t !eo #r e c e tr#ns(or m ri"e se pot e(ectu # cu succe s !e c tr e copi" num #i !#c sunt spri6inite !e obiect e concre t e s#u !e im#,ini"e "or. 2n u"tim# p#rt e # st# !iu"ui se !es prin! e stadiul limba%ului ext er n :#" *orbirii cu *oce t#re;) c#re i# "ocu" obiect e"or $n c#!ru" oper # 0ii"or !e tr#n s(or m # r e . 4. St#!iu" oper # 0ii"or "o,ico- (orm#" e :<<- <4 #ni;. Se pro!uc e interiori4#r e # sc'e m e " o r oper # t o rii 1i situ#r e # "or pe suport u" "imb#6u"ui interior. Locu" obiect u"ui 1i #" im#,inii s#"e e8t er n e est e "u#t !e se m n e" e 1i simbo"uri"e con*e n 0io n #" e :cu*int e;) !e #ce e # oper # 0ii"e !e*in for m ale . Din #ce s t mo m e n t se po#t e *orbi !es pr e struct u r # r e # 1i intr#r e # $n (unc0iun e # ,$n!irii intern e (orm #"- #bs tr # c t e . Un ro" es e n 0i #" $n #ce s t proc e s $" #re $nsu1ire # unor !iscip"ine #bs tr # c t e c# m# t e m # t i c # ) psi'o"o,i# etc. Potri*it principiu"ui ,en e tic inter # c 0ionis t) struct ur # psi'icu"ui $1i #re ori,ine # $n inter # c 0iu n e # !irect copi" 1i obiect e" e s#u "ucruri"e concr e t e !in 6ur. Form# primor !i #" !e m# ni(es t # r e # psi'is m u"ui est e #c0iun e # concre t 9 sc'e m e " e #ce s t o r #c0iuni) prin interiori4#r e ) se tr#ns(or m $n struct u ri psi'ice speci(ice. Inter # c 0ionis m u" pres u p u n e c#) $n e8p"ic#r e # n#1 t e rii 1i !e4*o"t rii (unc0ii"or 1i proc e s e" or psi'ice) s oper m cu re"#0i# !intr e ce"e !ou c#te , o rii !e (#ctori princip#"i% ere!it # t e # 1i me !iu". Nu e8ist struct u r psi'ic $n c#re s se e8prim e e8c"usi* ere !it # t e # s#u e8c"usi* me !iu". D#r pon! e r e # ce"or !oi (#ctori "# ni*e"u" !i(erite"or struct u ri psi'ice po#t e (i !i(erit . Pe scurt% Con1tiin0 # pro*ine !in #c0iun e 9 Con1tiin0 # coor!o n e # 4 #c0iun e # 9 Con1tiin0 # re("ect #c0iun e # $n p"#n e8t er n) c#re o re("ect $n#poi $n con1tiin0 .