Introduction To Stem Cells and Reproductive Biology

An Introduction To Stem Cells
Presented By the Stem Cell Center of Thailand

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2, www.stemcellthailand.org Bangkok Thailand 10110
P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand
www.stemcellthailand.org
An Introducing Stem Cells
Overview
This presentation about stem cells is intended as a tool for educators, scientists, science communicators. Not all the slides will be useful for any one occasion. Choose the ones most suitable for your audience, mix them with your own slides, or just use the diagrams.
Contents
Stem cell biology basics: For school students aged 16+, or adult public with little or no scientific knowledge Cloning: For adult public with little or no scientific knowledge; initial slides also suitable for students aged 16+ Stem cell biology in more detail: For informed non-specialist audiences, e.g. clinicians, scientists working in fields other than stem cell biology and regenerative medicine
Presentation notes
Each slide in the Basics and Cloning sections includes notes that give a simple, jargonfree explanation of the key points. The slides in the last section have less notes and assume some knowledge of stem cell science. Please visit the site for more details including stem cell conference schedules, clinical trials and medical journals.
Further information and resources

Have a question or a comment? Please check out the Interactive Stem Cell Glossary or Contact us at http://stemcellthailand.org/contact/
Basics of Stem Cell Biology
A life story
What Is A Stem Cell?

stem cell
SELF-RENEWAL (copying)
DIFFERENTIATION (specializing)
stem cell
specialized cell e.g. muscle cell, nerve cell

What Is A Stem Cell?

Stem cell Stem cell
SELF-RENEWAL (copying)
DIFFERENTIATION (specializing)
Identical stem cells
Specialized cells
Why Self-renew AND Differentiate?

1 stem cell
1 stem cell
Self renewal - maintains the stem cell pool
4 specialized cells
Differentiation - replaces dead or damaged cells throughout your life
Where Are Stem Cells Found?
embryonic stem cells

blastocyst - a very early embryo
Adult stem cells

fetus, baby and throughout life
Types of Stem Cell: 1) Embryonic stem cells Esc
Embryonic stem (ES) cells: Where we find them

blastocyst
cells inside = inner cell mass fluid with nutrients
embryonic stem cells taken from the inner cell mass outer layer of cells = trophectoderm
culture in the lab to grow more cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells: What they can do
differentiation embryonic stem cells
PLURIPOTENT
all possible types of specialized cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells: Challenges

skin
neurons embryonic stem cells blood
liver
Types of stem cell: 2) Tissue or Adult Stem Cells
Adult stem cells: Where we find them

surface of the eye brain
skin
breast
testicles
Adipose Tissue (Fat)

bone marrow
muscles
Adult stem cells: What they can do
blood stem cell differentiation found in bone marrow
MULTIPOTENT
only specialized types of blood cell: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Other Types of stem cell: 3)Induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

genetic reprogramming = add certain genes to the cell cell from the body
induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell behaves like an embryonic stem cell
differentiation culture iPS cells in the lab all possible types of specialized cells
Advantage: no need for embryos!
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

genetic reprogramming
cell from the body (skin)
pluripotent stem cell (iPS)
differentiation
Stem Cell Glossary/Terms

Potency: A measure of how many types of specialized cell a stem cell can
make
Pluripotent: Can make all types of specialized cells in the body

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
Multipotent Can make multiple types of specialized cells, but not all types
Tissue stem cells are multipotent
OTHERS: Totipotent Stem Cells and Oligopotent Cell Lines and Unitpotent
Cell Cloning
Cloning
There are two VERY different types of cloning: Reproductive cloning Molecular cloning
gene 1 gene 2
Use to make two identical individuals

Very difficult to do Illegal to do on humans
Use to study what a gene does

Routine in the biology labs
Reproductive cloning
cell from the body

take the nucleus (containing DNA)
egg remove nucleus and take the rest of the cell
Clone identical to the individual that gave the nucleus
Dolly the sheep

Molecular cloning: Principles

1) Take DNA out of the nucleus
gene 1 cell 1 2) Make a new piece of DNA cell 2 gene 2
gene 1
gene 2 3) Put new DNA into a test cell and grow copies gene 1
gene 1 gene 2
gene 2
Daughter cells contain same DNA: Genes 1 and 2 have been cloned
insert new DNA
cell divides
Molecular cloning: Applications

Loss of function
remove a gene to see if anything works differently
Reporter gene
add a gene that shows us when another gene is working
Lineage tracing
mark a group of cells to see where their daughter cells end up
eye
Normal mouse embryo
gene A missing gene is active in blue areas only gene is passed on to cells all over the body
gene is involved in giving the eye its colour
Stem Cell Biology in Detail
Tissue Stem cell Types And Hierarchies
Tissue stem cells: Principles of renewing tissues
Stem cell
stem cell:
- self renew - divide rarely - high potency - rare
committed progenitors:
- transient amplifying cells - multipotent - divide rapidly - no self-renewal
specialized cells:
- work - no division
Tissue stem cells: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

NK cell T cell B cell dendritic cell
megakaryocyte
platelets erythrocytes macrophage
HSC
bone marrow
neutrophil eosinophil basophil
committed progenitors
specialized cells
Tissue stem cells: Neural stem cells (NSCs)

Neurons Interneurons Oligodendrocytes
NSC
Type 2 Astrocytes Type 1 Astrocytes
Brain Injuries
specialized cells
Tissue stem cells: Adipose stem cells (ASCs)

Paneth cells
Goblet cells
GSC
Endocrine cells Columnar cells Small intestine or Fat
specialized cells
Tissue stem cells: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

Bone (osteoblasts)
MSC
Cartilage (chondrocytes)
bone marrow
Fat (adipocytes) committed progenitors specialized cells
The Stem Cell Niche
Stem cell niches

Niche
Microenvironment around stem cells that provides support and signals regulating self-renewal and differentiation
stem cell
niche
Direct contact
Soluble factors
Intermediate cell
Thank You For Viewing!

Introduction To Stem Cells and Reproductive Biology

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An Introduction To Stem Cells

Presented By the Stem Cell Center of Thailand

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

An Introducing Stem Cells

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Further information and resources

Basics of Stem Cell Biology

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

What Is A Stem Cell?

specialized cell e.g. muscle cell, nerve cell

What Is A Stem Cell?

Identical stem cells

Why Self-renew AND Differentiate?

Where Are Stem Cells Found?

embryonic stem cells

Adult stem cells

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Types of Stem Cell: 1) Embryonic stem cells Esc

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Embryonic stem (ES) cells: Where we find them

culture in the lab to grow more cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells: What they can do

differentiation embryonic stem cells

all possible types of specialized cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells: Challenges

neurons embryonic stem cells blood

Types of stem cell: 2) Tissue or Adult Stem Cells

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Adult stem cells: Where we find them

Adipose Tissue (Fat)

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Adult stem cells: What they can do

blood stem cell differentiation found in bone marrow

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Other Types of stem cell: 3)Induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

Advantage: no need for embryos!

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

pluripotent stem cell (iPS)

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Stem Cell Glossary/Terms

Pluripotent: Can make all types of specialized cells in the body

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Use to make two identical individuals

Use to study what a gene does

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

cell from the body

egg remove nucleus and take the rest of the cell

Clone identical to the individual that gave the nucleus

Dolly the sheep

Molecular cloning: Principles

insert new DNA

Molecular cloning: Applications

Normal mouse embryo

gene is involved in giving the eye its colour

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Stem Cell Biology in Detail

P: 347.450.8424 TH: +66.808.069.391 808/8 Thararom 2, Sukhumvit 55 FL 2 Klongton-Nue,Bangkok 10110 Thailand

Tissue Stem cell Types And Hierarchies