45.

Slope and Defection o f Beams

m4

105

With typical values of E = 208 GN/m2 and I = 82 x

central deflection = 38.4 x lo- m = 38.4 m m

5.4. Macaulays method for u.d.1.s

If a beam carries a uniformly distributed load over the complete span as shown in Fig. 5.12a the B.M. equation is d2Y B.M.xx= E I - = dx2
wx2 RAx--2 W,[(x-a)]- W2[(x-b)]

W ,

A,

Fig. 5.12.

The u.d.1. term applies across the complete span and does not require the special treatment associated with the Macaulay terms. If, however, the u.d.1. starts at B as shown in Fig. 5.12b the B.M. equation is modified and the u.d.1. term becomes a Macaulay term and is written inside square brackets.
B . M . x x = E ld2Y ,=RAx-W,[(x-a)]-w dx

Integrating,
dy EIdx
= RA-

x2

x3 Ely = RA- - W , 6

[&-I

( x -a) 6
-w

x - a)3

Note that Macaulay terms are integrated with respect to, for example, ( x - a ) and they must be ignored when negative. Substitution of end conditions will then yield the values of the constants A and B in the normal way and hence the required values of slope or deflection. It must be appreciated, however, that once a term has been entered in the B.M. expression it will apply across the complete beam. The modifications to the procedure required for cases when u.d.1.s. are applied over part of the beam only are introduced in the following theory.