RECAP PATHO Autoimmune diseases: name 3 o SLE DEfinition Epidemiology Pathophisiology Distribution : Pneumonic IM DAMN SHARP Diagnosis Treatment

eatment Prognosis

X. ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE

POISONS AND TOXINS Carbon monoxide Mushroom poisnon Arsenic poison Lead poisoning Mercury poisoning Cyanide poisoning Industrial toxins LIFESTYLE CHOICES Smoking Ethanol Methanol DRUGS Heroin Cocaine Marihuana Hallucigend Benzodiazepines Amphetamines PHYSICAL INJURIES Mechanical injuries Burns Electrical Injury Drowning Radiation

XI. SKIN PATHOLOGY

GENERAL: Layers of epidermis: corneu, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale DISORDERS OF PIGMENTATION Vitiligo Melasma Freckles Benign lentigo MELANOCYTIC TUMORS Congenital nevi: birthmarks Nevocellular nevus: new nevi. Benign melanocyte tumors A: stable in shape and size B: borders well circumscribed C: Uniform color Dysplastic nevi: large, irregular, multicolored nevi. Increased risk of melanoma Malignant melanomas: usually not hairy. Irregular, large, fast gowing, multicolored, assymetric. Lentigo melanoma: best prognosis Superficial spreading melanona: most common in caucasians Acral melanoma: most common in darked-skinned. Palms, soles, subungeal Nodular melanoma: worst prognosis Prognosis : depends on depth of melanoma (vertical grow) tx: surgical, chemotherapy EPIDERMAL AND DERMAL LESIONS Acanthosis nigricans Seborrheic keratoses Psoriasis Pemphigus Bullous pemphigoid Dermatitis herpetiformis Ichtyosis vulgaris Xerosis Eczema Polymophous light eruption Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus Erythema multiforme Pityriasis rosea Granuloma annulare Erythema nodosum Epidermal inclusion cyst MALIGNANT TUMORS Basal cell carcinoma: #1 skin cancer Squamous cell carcinoma SCC: #2 skin cancer

Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

XII. RED BLOOD CELL PATHOLOGY, ANEMIAS

A. RED BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY o o B. ANEMIA o o General Pathogenesis Shape Morphology

C. MICRO ANEMIAS o o o o Iron: Most common cause of anemia Of Chronic Disease Thalasemias Sideroblastic

D. NORMO ANEMIAS o o o o o o o o o o E. Blood Loss Sickle cell Hemoglobin C G6PD deficiency Hereditary Spherocytosis HS Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia AIHA Aplastic Anemia Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Pyruvate Kinase Def Hereditary Elleptocytosis

MACRO ANEMIA o o o Megaloblastico B12 Folates

F.

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

XXI. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY

A. INFECTIONS o Acute Meningitis o Viral Bacterial

Mycobacterial meningoencephalitis

Viral encephalitides HS1 Rabies HIV CMV

o o o o o B.

Fungal meningoencephalitis Toxoplasmosis Cerebral abcess Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Creutzfeldt-Jakob Diseases

CEREBROVASCULA DISEASES o o o Global cerebral ischemia TIA Stroke Ischemic o Thrombotic Embolic

Hemorrhagic Intracerebral Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Berry aneurysms

Cerebral hemorrhage

C. CNS TRAUMA o Cranial cavity and brain o o Concussion Contusions Diffuse axonal injury

Spinal Cord Cerebral herniations Subfalacine Transtentorial Cerebellar tonsillar

D. DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES o o o o o E. Neural tube defects Arnold chiari malformations: type 1 n 2 Syringomelia Perinatal brain injury Dandy Walker Malformation

DEMYELINATING DISORDERS o o Multiple Sclerosis Central pontine myeloinolysis

F.

DEGENERATIVE AND DEMENTING DISORDERS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Parkinson disease Parkinson sx Huntington disease: CAG: Caudate loses Ach GABA. Chorea, dementia. Striat nuclei atrophy. Alzheimer disease Lewy body dementia Amnyotrophic lateral sclerosis Friedrich ataxia Wilson disease Acute intetmittent porphyria Vit B12 deficiency Alcohol abuse Astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Ependymoma Meningioma Primitive neuroectodermal tumors Schwanoma Craniopharyngioma

G. CNS TUMOR

XXII. HEMATOPOETIC PATHOLOGY- WHITE CELL DISORDERS & LYMPHOID AND MYELOID NEOPLASMS
A. REACTIVE CHANGES IN WHITE BLOOD CELLS B. Leukocytosis Leukopenia Lymphadenopathy

LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS Acute Leukemia

C. PRECURSOR B & T CELL NEOPLAMSM Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL B cell lineage T cell lineage

Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

D. PERIPHERAL B CELL NEOPLAMS CLL/SLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma Hairy cell leukemia Follicular lymphomas

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Small noncleaved lymphoma (Burkitt) Iop Op` Op+

First, we have t(8;14), t(11,14) and t(14;18) Burkitt's lymphoma = 8urkitts lymphoma = t(8;14) Mantle cell lymphoma = Mantle ce11 lymphoma = t(11,14) Follicular lymphoma = count the letters = 18 = t(14;18) Philadelphia Chromosome = count the letters = 22 and the P looks like a 9 = t(9,22) Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) - Retinoic acid receptor alpha...I just remember "sweet fifteen" for t(15;17)...but I dont have an explanation for it...

E. F.

PERIPHERAL T CELL AND NK CELL NEOPLAMS LYMPHOMA

G. MYELOID NEOPLAMS H. SPLEEN DISORDERS I. MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES AND SPLEEN