Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Introduction
Efforts to outlaw war and achieve a permanent peace had been gaining momentum in Europe since the middle of the 19th century. Some Europeans believed that progress had made war a thing of the past. Yet in little more than a decade, a massive war would spread across the globe.
the surface of peace and goodwill, Europe witnessed several gradual developments that would ultimately help propel the continent into war.
Tangled Alliances
Growing
rivalries and mutual mistrust had led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers as early as the 1870s. This alliance system had been designed to keep peace in Europe. But it would instead help push the continent into war.
This mountainous peninsula in the southeastern corner of Europe was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the powder keg of Europe.
A Restless Region
By the early 1900s the Ottoman Turks had declined and the peoples of the Balkans had formed new nations: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia. Serbia had a large Slavic population and was supported by Russia. In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were outraged and tensions between the two nations rose.
On June 28, 1914 the heir to the throne of Austria, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, paid a visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Foolishly, they were riding in an open car.
The couple was shot by 19-yearold Gavrilo Princip (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.
Location of Assassination
Historical Marker
Ultimatum
Austria
delivers an ultimatum to Serbia with numerous demands on July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to most of the demands trying to avoid war.
Historical Artifact
28, 1914: Austria rejects Serbias offer of most of the demands and declared war on Serbia. Russia, the protector of Serbia, mobilizes its forces toward the Austrian border.