Water Pollution Contaminant any constituent in the water deleterious to a particular end use regardless of origin and whether

er it occurs in the watershed source or in a water supply system Pollutant any constitute in the water source deleterious sot a particular end use that is of anthropogenic origin Pollutant subset of sontaminant Types of sources of pollution streams and lakes, ocean, groundwater, drinking water, waste water treatment, water legislation Point sources factories, sewage treatment plants, mines, oil wells, oil tankers Nonpoint acid deposition, substance picked up in runoff Agriculture is larges source of water pollution in U ! "isease causing agents pathogens #$ygen demanding agents organic waste% manure &aterborne bacteria disease symptoms usually are e$plosi'e emissions from either end of the digesti'e tract &aterborne (uman )iruses hepatitus A 'irus *uinea &orm grows down the leg and its se$ organs appear at the ankle or on the foot usually bustring when it senses water releaseing o'a +#" o$ygen is remo'ed from water when organic matter is consumed by bacteria !ources of organic matter natural inputs ,bogs, swamps, leaf fall- (umaninputs ,pulp and paper mills, meat packing plants- Nonpoint inputs ,runoff from urban areas, agriculture (ea'y metals density greater than . g/cm0 most are e$tremely to$ic Acid 1ain broad term used to describe se'eral ways that acids fall out of atmosphere &et and "ry Acid 1ain &et refers to acidic rain, fog and snow "ry acidic gases and particles Causes sulfur dio$ide and nitrogen o$ides are primary causes react in atmosphere with water o$ygen and other chemicals to form mild solution of sulfuric acid an nitric acid #1*AN2C C(342CA5! "egradable can be chemically decomposed Photodegradable product is decomposed by e$posure to light +iodegradable capable of being decomposed by biological agents, especially bacteria !3"243NT #1 !U!P3N"3" 4AT312A5 !ediment loading distruction of spawning beds, adsorption and transport of other pollutants, reduced light penetration &AT31 !#U5U+53 1A"2#ACT2)3 2!#T#P3! China !yndrome 2n a complete meltdown, the e$tremely hot molten fold uranium fuel rods would melt through the bottom of the reactor and sink and .6 feet into the earth beneath &illiam 5awless Us "epartment of 3nergy ran plutonium production reactors and reprocessing plant 5awless was surprised when he was put in changre of radioacti'e waste management at the huge military comple$ (3AT Thermal Pollution occurs when water is withdrawn and heated in returned to its original sourse 3lectric power generation uses 768 of cooling waters Nuclear plants waste e'en high proportions of heat than fossil fuel plants

*3N3T2C P#55UT2#N 12)31! The 1hine, "anube, 2llinois, Cuyahoga and 4ississippi are worst polluted ri'ers !T13A4! AN" 5A93!

3UT1#P(2CAT2#N accelerated results with human input of nutrient to a lake

P#55UT2#N #: !T13A4! AN" 5A93! &ater pollution laws of ;<=6s greatly increased > and ?uality of wastewater treatment plants #C3AN P#55UT2#N about 0.8 of U ! 4inicipal sewage dischanged 'irtually untreated in ocean waters @ of the worldAs population li'es within ;66km of oceans and ;B of ;. largest cities P#55UT2#N #: C#A!TA5 &AT31! Coast pollution is made up of ocean and ocean debris Types of ocean pollution petroleum, sewage sludge, ddt and pcbs, mercury #C3AN P#55UT2#N P3T1#53U4 oil spill caused by tanker accidents, intentional dumping, drilling/pumping operations

3::3CT! #: #25 !P255! )olatile organic Compounds immediately kill many of the a?uatic organims :loating oil coasts birds and ocean mammal destroys natural insulation and buoyancy and causes death (ea'y oil sinks to ocean bottom and washes into estuaries wher eit contaminantes crab, oysters, mussels, clams ect #il slicks on benches harm intertidal life and causes economic losses to tourism and fishing industries #C3AN P#55UT2#N P3T1#53U4 2s biodegradable oil to be among the lease damaging ocean pollutants #C3AN P#55UT2#NC !3&A*3 !5U"*3 semisolid material that remains after sewage treatment much sewage sludge was dumped offshore until laws restricted sewage dumping #C3AN P#55UT2#N C ""T cause brown pelicans and ospreys to produce thin egg shells banned from agricultural use worldwide #C3AN P#55UT2#NC PC+! they are industrial chemicals used as li?uid coolants and insulation in industrial e?uipment such as power transformers enters the ocean en'ironment through leaks from discarded e?uipment can accumulate in animal #C3AN P#55UT2#NC 431CU1D AN" 42NA4ATA "2!3A!3 a chemical plant released large ?uantities of mercury into 4inamata +ay, Eapan #C3AN P#55UTANT!C P#2NT !#U1C3 originate from municipal and industrial facilites bypasses and o'erflows from municipal sewage system #C3AN P#55UTANT!C N#NFP#2NT !#U1C3 come from material washed down storm drains 2N2T2A5 !TA*3! screening remo'eal of anycoarse floating obGects, weeds aeration dissol'ing o$ygen into the water to remo'e smell and taste p( correction preparing for coagulaiton C#A*U5AT2#N

!3"243NTAT2#N

:25T312N* #UT &(ATA! 53:T 3ither slow or rapid filtration ,depends on siHe of plant/'olume of water considerations1apidFsand filters force water through a 6 B.F;m layer of sand ,dI6 BF; Jmm- and work faster, needing a smaller area +ut they need fre?uent backFwashing !lowFsand filters ,dI6 ;.F6 0.mm- re?uire a much larger area but reduce bacteriological and 'iral le'els to a greater degree due to the !chmutHdecke layer The top ; inch must be periodically scraped off and the filter occasionally backFwashed

Disinfection F water completely free of suspended sediment is treated with a powerful o$idiHing agent usually chlorine, chlorine then ammonia ,chloramine-, or oHone

!3&A*3 T13AT43NT ; Primary Treatment ,Physical Process1emo'al of large obGects using grates and screens !ettling to remo'e suspended solids ,primary sludgeflocculating chemicals are added to enhance sedimentation J !econdary Treatment ,4icrobial Process!upernatant or primary effluent contains high le'els of dissol'ed organic load ,+iological #$ygen "emandAeration to stimulate aerobic degradation

 0 Tertiary Treatment ,Physicochemical ProcessPrecipitation :iltration Chlorination Treated water is discharged to waterways Used for irrigation 1ecycled into drinking water CU113NT 5A& 13*U5AT2N* #C3AN "U4P2N*