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BTEC First <series>

P2 2.2b Student worksheet

Moving stones
As part of a history project some students became interested in the methods that ancient civilisations used to move large stones, both over the countryside and up slopes !t is suggested that they used to use logs as rollers under a stone and then pull it along "ith ropes Although the resistance to movement "as far less than dragging the stone along the ground, it still needed a lot of force to pull the stone along on the rollers #ead the description belo" and then ans"er the $uestions that follo" about energy and po"er %ou may find these e$uations useful &lease remember that all of the ideas and $uantities here are illustrative and should not be used as part of any other research activity "or' done ( force applied ) distance moved po"er output ( "or' done * time ta'en +hen moving a large stone across fairly flat land, rollers may have been used ,arge forces could be applied to a large stone by getting teams of many men to pull ropes !f the stone "as dragged up an incline, the force needed to move the stone "ould be larger still, as the stone "as also being lifted against gravity

Questions
1 2 +hat "ould the "eight of a stone "ith a mass of -. tonnes be/ 0 1 mark1 0+eight ( mass 2 gravitational acceleration1 !f a force of 3. ... ne"tons "as used to drag a stone on flat ground, and it moved -. metres in 4 hours, calculate5 a b 3 4 the "or' done 01 mark1 the average po"er of the people pulling the stone 0 2 marks1

+hy do you thin' that the po"er you calculated in $uestion 2b is so small/ 04 marks1 !f it too' a force of -. ... ne"tons for 6 hours to lift a stone up a slope and it moved 7 metres, calculate5 a b the "or' done 02 marks1 the average po"er output of the people pulling the stone 0 2 marks1

8ometimes the ground that "as being travelled across "as stony and the rollers got stuc' and "ould not roll To solve this they may have put plan's of "ood on the ground for the rollers to roll on +hen they did this they found that the force they needed to pull the stones "as halved ,oo' again at $uestions 2 and 4 and calculate the "or' done and the po"er output of the people pulling the stones "hen the plan's "ere do"n 04 marks1 8ome historians that thin' stones may have been floated along rivers or even the sea to get them closer to the site "here they "ere to be used !f a force of 9... ne"tons could 'eep the stone moving at a steady speed or . - m:s, calculate5 a b the po"er output of the people pulling the stone along the river 0 2 marks1 the "or' done in a day 02 marks1

Comment on the usefulness of using "ater to transport the stones (4 marks)

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