Tips for Writing a Scientific Journal: Abstract: brief summary accurate (state if research has been done before)

e) report what is in the manuscript and do not evaluate on the topics discussed within the manuscript clear and concise language use verbs instead of noun equivalents (active not passive) present tense is used to describe conclusions and results past tense for specific variables and measured outcomes be concise/do not repeat use words that people searching for the topic would use while searching states: the problem under investigation describe participants (if applicable) essential features/methods basic findings (effect size) conclusions and implications hypothesis and null hypothesis Introduction: states the problem/objective states background research reference other studies done (any that relate to the field) states hypothesis introduces research design to be used gives insight on how project idea and hypothesis came to be establishes importance of problem/objective states theoretical and practical implications moves from general to more specific Materials and Methods: be very specific in what products used how much is used explain each step of procedure in detail state any possibilities of bias or confounding variables avoid bias if possible avoid confounding variables if possible state conditions in which the procedure was conducted describe participants characteristics identify subsections, sample size, effectiveness, and precision states things that changed about the methods during the experiment to accommodate errors and other situations Results: info needs to be supported by graphs and visual aids calculate through statistical results fail to reject or reject null hypothesis no raw data-calculate it report any data errors or places of missing data

description of what happened to the test subjects during the experiments baseline data: explain what the groups are and how/why they are grouped together

Discussion/Conclusion: state if hypothesis was supported or not, leads to new ideas/research questions/experiments/hypothesis do not repeat old points or data don't bring in new evidence discuss if any intervention was made in changing the results and why how can experiment be furthered reflecting: how to make experiment better interpret the results, tell what they mean, what has results added