List of the Formula

Chapter 1 (a) Error = True value - Approximation (b) Absolute Error = |True value - Approximation| (c) Relative Error = True value - Approximation Truevalue True value - Approximation 100% True value

(d) Percentage Relative Error = Chapter 2

(a) Forward dierence formula for f f (x + h) f (x) f (x) = h (b) Backward dierence formula for f f (x) f (x h) f (x) = h (c) Central dierence formula for f f (x + h) f (x h) f (x) = 2h (d) Central dierence formula for f f (x + h) 2f (x) + f (x h) f (x) = h2 Chapter 3 ba (a) h = n (b) T = (c) S = h f (x0 ) + 2f (x1 ) + + 2f (xn1 ) + f (xn ) 2 h f (x0 ) + 4f (x1 ) + 2f (x2 ) + 4f (x3 ) + + 2f (xn2 ) + 4f (xn1 ) + f (xn ) 3

(d) Error Bound for Trapezoidal Rule M = max{|f (a)|, |f (b)|} with x [a, b] (b a)3 ET M 12n2 (e) Error Estimate for Simpsons Rule M = max{|f (4) (a)|, |f (4) (b)|} with x [a, b] (b a)5 |ES | M 180n4

Chapter 4 (a) Intermediate Value Theorem f (a)f (b) < 0 r [a, b] (b) xr = x + xu 2 xl xu f (xu ) f (xl ) f (xu )

(c) xr = xu

(d) xn+1 = g (xn ) (e) xn+1 = xn f (xn ) f (xn )

(f) Termination Criteria xnew xold | a | = r new r 100% xr |xn+1 xn | <

s

xn+1 xn 100% < xn+1 Chapter 5

s%

(a) Termination Criterion for Jacobi and Gauss Seidel Methods |xi [p+1] xi [p] | <
n

(b) Strictly diagonally dominant: |akk | >

i=1 i=k

|aki |

(c) Power Method with scaling 1. yk = Axk1 1 2. xk = yk max{|yk |} 3. Dominant eigenvalue of matrix A = (d) Inverse Power Method with scaling 1. B = A1 2. yk = Bxk1 1 3. xk = yk max{|yk |}

Axk xk . xk xk

4. Dominant eigenvalue of matrix A1 = 5. Smallest eigenvalue of A = 1

B xk xk = xk xk

(e) Shifted Inverse Power Method with scaling 1. C = (A aI )1 2. yk = Cxk1 1 yk 3. xk = max{|yk |} 4. Dominant eigenvalue of matrix (A aI )1 = 5. Eigenvalue closest to a = 1 +a

C xk xk = xk xk

(i) (i 1) 100% (i) (g) Gerschgorins Theorem: | aii | ri = |ai1 | + + |ai,i1 | + |ai,i+1 | + + |ain | (f) Estimated percentage error =