IAS OUR DREAM Notes - Part 6

IAS OUR DREAM NOTES COMPILATIONs Part 6
What is the correct sequence of the rivers Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada and Ta pi in the descending order of their lengths? (a) Godavari-Mahanadi-Narmada-Tapi (b) Godavari-Narmada-Mahanadi-Tapi (c) Narmada-Godavari-Tapi-Mahanadi (d) Narmada-Tapi-Godavari-Mahanadi Ans - (b) godavari, narmada, mahanadi, tapi Nanda Devi peak forms a part of (a) Assam Himalayas (b) Kumaon Himalayas (c) Nepal Himalayas (d) Punjab Himalayas Ans - Nanda Devi peak forms a part of Kumaon Himalayas located in Chamoli district of Uttaranchal.
Amongst the following Indian States which one has the minimum total forest co ver? (a) Sikkim (b) Goa (c) Haryana (d) Kerala Ans- Haryana is the state which has 6.83% of area is forest cover area of the tot al land coverage, whereas Sikkim has 36%, 38.5 of Goa and 28.9% of Kerala ha s forest area of total land mass.
# # First Indian to enter was Civil Services S.N. Tagore in 1863-64....Till 1871 t hree Indians selected.... name them ? Ans - - Surendranath Banerjee , RC Dutt , Brij lal Gupta
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# # "Democracy is of the 1%,by the 1%, for the 1%."...who said this ? Ans - Joseph Stilgitz
# # Isostasy => - Isostasy is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equil ibrium between the earth 's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density. => This concept is invoked to explain how different topographic heights can exi st at the Earth's surface. When a certain area of lithosphere reaches the state of i sostasy, it is said to be in isostatic equilibrium . Isostasy is not a process that ups ets equilibrium, but rather one which restores it (a negative feedback). => It is generally accepted that the Earth is a dynamic system that responds to l oads in many different ways. However, isostasy provides an important 'view' of the processes that are happening in areas that are experiencing vertical moveme nt. => Certain areas (such as the Himalayas) are not in isostatic equilibrium, which has forced researchers to identify other reasons to explain their topographic heig hts (in the case of the Himalayas, which are still rising, by proposing that their e levation is being "propped-up" by the force of the impacting Indian plate ). => In the simplest example, isostasy is the principle of buoyancy where an obje ct immersed in a liquid is buoyed with a force equal to the weight of the displac ed liquid. => On a geological scale, isostasy can be observed where the Earth's strong lith osphere exerts stress on the weaker asthenosphere which, over geological time f lows lateral
# # Joan of Arc ?? ** She was hero of France, originally a peasant girl who travelled from the coun tryside to Paris to meet the French King who had lost half of his empire to the E
nglish during the 100yr war... ** She inspired him by swing that she had visions from god and god wanted hi m to take France back from the English.... Under her inspirational leadership the French made significant advances on the English. ** During a siege she was captured by Burgandians and handed to the English who tried her for being a witch and burned her at the stake.... ** Many years after her death, the church admitted it's mistake and beatified her into a saint... Also called John of Arc and The Maid of Florance
# # Illa pathak => the founder of Ahmedabad Womens Action Group (AWAG). => IIa Pathak was the president of India Chapter of Womens International Lea gue for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and served as professor in H K Arts Colle ge. => She was the vice-President of Peoples Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) and she played a key role in movement for justice to the victims of 2002 riots of Guj arat.
# # Aishwarya Rai the brand ambassador for The Eye Bank Association of India's nationwide ca mpaign to promote eye donation in India In 2005 she became a brand ambassador for Pulse Polio, a campaign establishe d by the Government of India in 1994 to eradicate polio in India In the same year, Rai was appointed spokesperson for the International Year of Microcredit, raising awareness of the main goals and priorities of the United Na tions' poverty alleviation efforts In February 2005 Rai performed alongside other Bollywood stars at the HELP ! Telethon Concert, an event to raise money for the victims of the 2004 tsunami earthquake
# # Where does Panchayati Raj does not exist in India ? Ans - Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all the states except Nagal and , Meghalaya and Mizoram (have elected village councils) , and in all Union Territories except Delhi. => In Assam, Panchayati Raj Institutions do not exist in 6 districts covered unde r Autonomous Councils. These 6 districts are Karbi Anglong , North Cachar , B aksha , Kokrajhar , Chirang and Udalguri. => The areas under Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TAAD C) do not have Panchayati Raj Institutions but they have Elected Village Committees. Rest of T ripura has Panchayati Raj Institutions. => In Manipur, the hill areas consisting of the Districts Senapati , Churachandp ur , Ukhrul , Tamenglong and Chandel are not covered under Panchayati Raj Institutions. Rest of Manipur has PRIs.
# # Mayos resolution (1870) Ans - - From 1870 that Viceroy Lord Mayo's Resolution (for decentralisation of power to bring about administrative efficiency in meeting people's demand and to add to the finances of colonial regime) gave the needed impetus to the develo pment of local institutions. It was a landmark in the evolution of colonial policy towards local government. ** Lord Mayo`s resolution had delineated- "Local interest, supervision, and c are are necessary to success in the management of the funds devoted to educatio n,sanitation, medical relief, and local public works. The operation of this resolut ion in its full meaning and integrity will afford opportunities for the developmen t of self- government, for strengthening municipal institution, and for the associ
ation of Natives and Europeans to a greater extent than heretofore in the admini stration of affairs". ** Numerous provincial governments authorised municipal acts to execute the p olicy drafted. The Bengal District Board Cess Act, 1871 was the initiative towar ds implementing local self-government in pastoral Bengal. Parallel acts were pa ssed in Madras, North-Western Provinces and Punjab.
# # Anchalik panchayat Ans - Assam Panchayat Act 1994: A three-tier system with Zilla Parishad has b een introduced Gaon Panchayat, Anchalik Panchayat and Zilla Parishad. Anchalik Panchayats: STRUCTURE a. President to be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Panchayats. b. Vice President - to be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Pancha yats. c. Members 1. One member from each Gaon Panchayat area to be directly elected by people. 2. President of the Gaon Panchayats falling within the jurisdiction of the Anchalik Panchayat. 3. Members of Parliament and Legislative Assembly. FUNCTIONS: a. Preparation of Annual Plan in respect of the schemes entrusted to it by virtue of the Act and those assigned to it by the Government or the Zilla Parishad and submission thereof to the Zill Parishad within the prescribed time for integration with the District Plan; b. Consideration and consolidation of the Annual Plans of all Gaon Panchayats under the Anchalik Panchayat and submission of consolidated plan to the Zilla Parishad; c. Preparation of Annual Budget of the Anchalik Panchayat and submission to Z illa Parishad for approval within the prescribed time; d. Performing such functions and executing such works as may be entrusted to it by government or the Zilla Parishad;
e. To assist the government in relief operation in natural calamities; f. Such other development works as may be entrusted. COMMITTEES :Anchalik Panchayat: Three committees, they are => a. General standing committee. => b. Finance, Audit and Planning committee. => c. Social justice committee. Members: Each standing committee shall consists of such number of members n ot exceeding six including the Chairman, as may be specified by the Anchalik P anchayat and chosen by the Anchalik Panchayat from amongst its members. Functions: The standing committee shall perform the functions relating to the de velopment of the rural areas and its people to the extent powers are delegated fr om the Anchalik Panchayat.
# # Fatwa-i-Alamgiri. Ans - Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is a compilation of law created at instance of the Mug hal Emperor Aurangzeb (who was also known as 'Alamgir'). This compilation is based on Sunni Islam 's Sharia law, and was the work of many scholars, princip ally from the Hanafi school. ** In order to compile it Aurangzeb gathered 500 fuqaha , 300 from the Indian s ubcontinent, 100 from Iraq and 100 from the Hejaz . ** This codified work served as the primary source for exercising and impleme nting the national laws according to Islamic code of law. ** It consists of exhaustive number of possible situations and their juristic rulin gs by the great Hanafi jurists of the time. ** The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is notable for several reasons: > It spanned 30 volumes > It served as the basis of law and doctrine imposed by Aurangzeb throughout h is empire.
> One of its compiler was Shah Abdul Rahim, founder of Madrassah e Rahimiy yah, whose son was Shah Waliullah the last of the Muslim scholars of India.
# # Mrudang => a percussion instrument from India of ancient origin. It is the primary rhyth mic accompaniment in a Carnatic music and Newa music ensemble. => The mridangam is also played in Carnatic concerts in countries outside of In dia, including Sri Lanka, Singapore , Malaysia, Australia, UK, Canada , and the U S. => The mridangam is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a hollowed piece of jackfruit wood about an inch thick. The two mouths or apertu res of the drum are covered with a goatskin and laced to each other with leather straps around the circumference of drum. => These straps are put into a state of high tension to stretch out the circular me mbranes on either side of the hull, allowing them to resonate when struck. Thes e two membranes are dissimilar in width to allow for the production of both bas s and treble sounds from the same drum. => The combination of two inhomogeneous circular membranes allows for the production of unique and distinct harmonics. => Pioneering work on the mathematics of these harmonics was done by Nobel Prize winning physicist C. V. Raman. => Significant players of the mridangam in modern times are Dr.T.K.Murthy, U mayalpuram K. Sivaraman , Vellore G. Ramabhadran , Trichy Sankaran, B. Har ikumar, Karaikudi Mani, Madurai T. Srinivasan (Seenakutti), Yella Venkateswa ra Rao, Srimushnam Raja Rao, Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam , Mahadevu Laksh mi Narayana Raju, Cheluvaraj Trichur C Narendran who have been playing and advancing the technique since decades.
# # Pakhavaj
=> The pakhavaj or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, [1] a variant and descendant of the mridang . => It is the standard percussion instrument in the dhrupad style and is widely us ed as an accompaniment for various forms of music and dance performances. => The pakhavaj has a low, mellow tone, very rich in harmonics. Set horizontall y on a cushion in front of the drummer's crossed leg, the larger bass-skin is play ed with the left hand, the treble skin by the right hand. => The bass face is smeared with wet wheat dough which acts as the kiran and i s the cause of the vivid, bass sound the pakhavaj produces. => Hindustani music....finds a mention in Ain i Akbari
# # Lyttons Resolution 1877. => The British parliament passed the Royal Titles Act investing queen Victoria with the title of Kaiser-I-hind or the Queen empress of India. However a grand Durbar was held at Delhi on 1st January 1877 to announce the Queen`s assumpt ion of title. => Unfortunately the durbar was held during the time when several parts of Indi a were stricken with famine. The government of Lytton spent a million, when m illions of Indians were dying in poverty and starvation. => This induced hatred among the Indians against the government of Lytton. Th e historians have opined that the durbar marked the beginning of the movement, which filed the educated Indian with the idea of obtaining a rightful place in the Empire. => The educated Indians began to assert themselves. It was after that vast assem blage of 1877 that S.N Bannerjee thought to organize an association of the India ns to voice out their grievance. => Thus the policies adopted by the government of Lord Lytton indirectly awak ened the nationalist tendencies in India.
# # How did the US aloofness is one of the reasons for WWII

=> League of Nations was a failure due to the nations not being concerned abou t the objectivity of its organizational basis. => Moreover, the Financial crisis after the first world war shackled the Europe a nd these country being made totally dependent on US. Later, the means of wasti ng resources was probably a much unwise decision as US felt and struggled one of the greatest depression in history. => Still, Germany and the other countries totally have their propaganda of biase d behaviour kept in their mind taking revenge of the pacts laden upon them; and this time the norms were much stringent and the bigger powers were busy resol ving their own problems. => Although, the scenarios after the first world war kept US aloof and so forth a nother conflict of interest took place in the absence of negotiation measures in t he form of ww 2.. =>france actions were quite revengeful....wit Germany ...but akela UK was not able to contain it since US remained Aloof ! => but ek reason ye bhi hai ki fasict countries ke leader that is hitler aur mussoli ni communism ke khilaf the,,,,aur Usa ko dar tha ki communism expand na ho j aaye(jo ki capitalist countries ke liye khatra ho sakti hai) ,islie USA ne germany ka east ward expansion nahi roka,,, => Wars took place for the colonial and sovereign expansion and US and her int erests can be best described by the means of her announcement of fighting for D emocracy and the same had been pioneered by Woodrow Wilson. => Regardless,The inherited feature of US and allied big powers was absolutely opposing the Communism (Socio-Communism at that time) and even US disap proved the Russian Government. US did not interfere with the Asian Powers too like Japan(opposing Russia) which was at best also in its marine strength at that time. => So, the world war was just a result of the extremist diplomacy taken care by powers having the attitude for the denial of socio-economic changes taking plac e at that time.
# # Should der be a separate Department for Nano technology just as v hv one for BIOTECHNOLOGY ....make a SWOT analysis\ => No,,research and developmental activities in the field of nanotechnology are not upto that level in india so if v hv a department dont u feel it can receive a im petus ? .. IT biotech nd nano tech can paly wonders in terms of economny if thin ks hppn in a positive direction as it is not jus management nd research ...der also risk factors associated wit nano particles but we dont have human resources in t his field,,,for this we have to provide nanotech education in our courses,,resultin g in more expansion in this field ,,,more the number of scientists,,,,then we can have its separate department,,, => der r subjcts on nanoltchnology in su engi unniversities bt d thing s dat dey r n givn much importance nd hav to creat awareness abt d sub in respect wit hw it cn ak it up ou nation in technology field....nd projcts in d education, shld b prov ided wit subsidies on the subjctd projcts nd b ncouragd wit importance, assurin dem by recruitin if d projct s gud nd by dis wae d no. f pupils on dis tech ll grad ually incr whic leads to creation f seperate dept... => I dont see any harm in it. It would promote nanotechnology in India be it in i ndustry,
=> sheep and goat breeds # # Tellicherry, Jamunapari, Barberi, Osmanabadi, Malaberi,Kashmeri, Beetal, Surti, Gujarati.
# # Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL) => incorporated as an SPV by Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) with the p urpose of constructing a 1980 (3x660) MW thermal power plant at Village Bana wala, Mansa- Talwandi Sabo Road, District Mansa, Punjab, India. => Sterlite Energy Limited (a Vedanta group company) was selected as the deve
loper of the project for supply of 100% power to Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) for 25 years as per the guidelines of GOI. =>.Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL), a 100% subsidiary of SEL, will be i mplementing the largest 1980 (3x660) MW Greenfield Power Project in Punjab, India, with all consents and approvals in place. => TSPL is one of the first few Supercritical plants being constructed in the cou ntry. The Supercritical technologies are environment friendly and energy efficie nt technologies. # # What is the process of Astivation ? => when in summer there is decrease in metabolic activities in some animals Some animals go for long sleep during summer=Aestivatin. while those animals go for sleep during winter is Hibernation => state of dormancy ,,in animals , charactersd by inactivity nd lowered metabol ic rate ,, to avoid hot and dry climate ,, mostly summers ,, and similar to hiberna tion => The cold blooded(poikilothermal animals) animals i.e frogs, lizards etc comb at season change by going summer sleep, this process is called aestivation..... => to avoid the risk of desiccation ,, due to exteme high temp ,, many animals te nds to enter into a state of inactivity ,, which in result lowers their metabolic rat e ,, this mostly happens in arid situations ,, many terrestrial and even aquatic ani mal aestivate ,, when there is shortage of food and enough water ,,
# # Taran Taran ? => one of the districs and holy place of sikhs in the state of punjab; was formed in 2006. from amritsar district. => found by 5th guru n ruled by bhangi sikh dynasty there is aslo ashirne taran t aran sahib; tarn taran was known as the capital of khalistan => A part of bhangi sikh dynasty taran taran was founded by 5th sikh guru arjun dev . The city was a center of the Sikh insurgency during the 1980s and early 1
990s. => The book 'Baani' was written by guru nanak dev and angaddev took care of t hat.
# # What all is credited into the Consolidated Fund of India. ? => All revenues received by Government by way of taxation like income-tax, ce ntral excise, custom, land revenue (tax revenues) and other receipts flowing to Government in connection with the conduct duct of Government business like r eceipts from Railways, Posts, Transport etc. (non-tax revenues) are credited into the Consolidated Fund. =>Similarly, all loans raised by Government by issue of Public notifications, tre asury bills (internal debt) and loans obtained from foreign governments and inte rnational monetary institutions (external debt) and all moneys received by Gove rnment in repayment of loans and interest thereon are also credited into this Fun d. => All expenditure incurred by the Government for the conduct of its business i ncluding repayment of internal and external debt and release of loans to States/ Union Territory Governments for various purposes is debited against this Fund.
# # first 3D model of a human fingerprint called Phantom ? => Indian-American scientist Anil Jain on 6 March 2014 developed the first 3D model of a human fingerprint called Phantom. The development could boost the accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems and improve security technology. => The team of computer scientists led by Arun Jain at Michigan State Universi ty developed the 3D image by first making a two-dimensional image of a finger print and then mapping it to a 3D finger surface. => The 3D finger surface complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up the human fingerprint, is made using a 3D printer.
# # Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB) ? => Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB) India is an Indian company that deals with setting professional standards based in Mumbai. => Its mission is to develop and promote financial standards to benefit and prot ect the entire nation as a whole. FPSB India works closely with nearly all aspect s of the Indian economy. As a professional membership & certification firm, it i s part of a global organization to establish beneficial and universal standards for financial planning in India and works with prominent financial service corporat ions. => As a Self-Regulatory Organization, FPSB India promotes and maintains hig her standards of professionalism than required and seeks to cooperate with the g overnment and regulation agencies to uniformly regulate personal Financial Pla nning practitioners.
# # A power grid consists of three sections which r they ? => A power grid consists of three sections - stations which produce electricity fr om fuel (fossil or non-combustible), the transmission lines which carry the pow er to the substations from the plants and lastly the transformers which keep a ch eck on the voltage.
# # Ken-Betwa project ? Ans The Ken and Betwa rivers in the states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Madhy a Pradesh (MP) are to be linked under an historic agreement that marks th e first such project in India's ambitious and controversial national river-li nking project. It is India's first interstate river-linking deal. The ambitious project, estimated to cost over Rs.9000 crore, is expected t
o be included in the 12th Five-Year Plan, starting April next. The first Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) initiative in the country, the projec t aims to enhance irrigation and potable water supplies in both states, at a n estimated cost of over Rs 4,000 crore. It envisages the diversion of surp lus water in the Ken river basin to the water-deficient Betwa basin throug h the construction of a dam on the Ken and a canal to transfer the water. The Betwa in Uttar Pradesh, which flows into the Yamuna, will receive s urplus water from the Ken that originates in Uttar Pradesh and then runs s outh across Madhya Pradesh. The Davdhan dam is to be built on the Ken near its source. Once extra water from the Ken basin is transferred to the Betwa it will ma ke possible the construction of four additional medium irrigation projects in the upper Betwa basin where irrigation levels are extremely low. Irrigation benefits will also accrue en route by way of additional irri gation/stabilisation in the downstream Davdhan dam. The Ken-Betwa Link Project will ensure irrigation and water supplies to Chatarpur, Tikamgarh, Panna, Raisen and Vidisha districts of Madhya Pr adesh, and Hamirpur, Banda and Jhansi districts in Uttar Pradesh.
# # information of Fahien about the political, religious, social and economic conditions of India ? => Fahien was a Chinese monk who travelled India during the age of Chandra Gupta Vikramaditya. He travelled during C 399-414. His travelogues give a fine impression about Chandra Guptas empire. Fahien noted the peacefulness of India, the rarity of serious crime, and the mild ness of the administration. He stated that it was possible to travel from one end t o another in the country without molestation, and without passports. In his rema rks on social custom he stated that all respectable persons were vegetarians, mea t eating being confined to low castes and untouchables. He found Buddhism still
flourishing, but theistic Hinduism was very widespread. => Fahiens record shows that in place of the old sacrificial Brahminism, Hindu ism has appeared. But in the best days of the Gupta Empire Indian culture reach ed a perfection which it was never to attain again. Humanitarian ideas, probably encouraged by Buddhism, were effective in Gupta period in moderating the fier ce punishments of earlier days. => Fahien stated that the death penalty was not imposed in north India, but most crime was punished by fines and only serious revolt by the amputation of one h and. Executions were rare. => According to Fahien, the Shudras were kept outside the town and entered the town by making a noise with a stick. They were butchers, hunters, and fisherme n.. Fahien states that the income of the government was mainly based on the rev enue taxes which were one-sixth of the total production. => Government officials were given fixed income and there was no contribution from the people. Donation was prevalent in those times. Fahien had made speci al note of free hospitals maintained by the donations of pious citizens. He stated that the economy was based on agriculture.He had given a detailed description of the Buddhist pilgrimages. => According to him, the Buddhist religion was divided into Mahayana and Hin ayana. He saw twenty Buddha vihars in Mathura. But in Kapilavastu, Gaya and Kushinagar the condition was deteriorating which indicated the weakening of B uddhism. In the description of Fahien, it is not clear whether Brahmin religion was prevalent in the country or not. Fahien had mentioned about the Jainism also.. Fahien had also mentioned about Shaiva and Vaishnav religion.
# # Difference between tributary and distributary

=> A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem (or par ent) river or a lake . => A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the ma in stem river serve to drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water a nd groundwater by leading the water out into an ocean or sea. => A confluence,where two or more bodies of water meet together, usually refer s to the joining of tributaries. => The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches of f from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often foun d in river deltas.
# # Garland canal => The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a proposed large-scale civil engineering proje ct that aims to join the majority of India 's rivers by canals and so reduce persist ent water shortages in parts of India. ** In 1972 the then Minister for Irrigation K. L. Rao proposed a 2640 kilometer long link between the Ganges and Kaveri rivers. In 1974 plans were proposed f or the 'Garland canal'. ** The Garland Canal was proposed by Dinshaw J. Dastur, a consultant Engine er. Interlinking of rivers can be the permanent solution to Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. ** The Inter-link would consist of two parts, a northern Himalayan River Devel opment component and a southern Peninsular River Development component. ** The Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal would encircle the southern and central plateau in a 900 km zigzag area beginning with the Chambal River a nd terminating at Cape Comorin. ** This canal will be twice as long as the Himalayan Catchment Canal and will be built at a uniform elevation of 500 meters above sea level. ** Shaped like a giant necklace this will encircle the entire southern and central plateau and will have 2900 subsidiary outlets along its entire course. It will conn
ect all the monsoon-fed rivers of the region. ** It aims at providing irrigation facilities to all parts of the country, eliminating the vicious flood-drought circle and making a judicious utilization of surface w ater resources (rivers, rainfall and snow-melt). ** The Project envisages the construction of two mammoth canals, the Himalay an Catchment Canal, and the Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal coveri ng the entire length and breadth of the country. ** The canal will arrest, control and distribute the waters of the Himalayan Rive rs including snow-melt. ** A series of artificial reservoirs and integrated lakes would be constructed along the canal on the catchment side and at strategic loca tions.
# # Smart grid => A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital info rmation and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of th e production and distribution of electricity.
# # Itelligence grid of election commission => The Election Commission has created a multi-agency grid of revenue and se curity intelligence agencies to regularly update it about suspected financial mov ements as part of measures to curb use of black money in Lok Sabha and assem bly polls. => In a first-of-its-kind measure, the EC has created a board of senior officials d rawn from ten financial and security intelligence departments which will meet t wice a week at Nirvachan Sadan, the EC headquarters here, to generate comm on leads and flag suspect money instances. => The agencies that have been pooled in for the task include Income Tax intelli
gence and investigations, Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Directorate of Reve nue Intelligence, Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, Narcotics Control Bure au and the snoop wings of border guarding forces of SSB and BSF and those of CISF and the Railway Protection Force.
# # Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics , the theory of quan tum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). => For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointl y with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , received the Nobel Prize in P hysics in 1965. => He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathema tical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles , which later bec ame known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best- known scientists in the world. => In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Ph ysics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
# # JELLY =>Jelly is a new way to search with pictures and people from your social networ ks.Jelly was founded in April 2013 by Biz Stone and Ben Finkel. They chose th e jellyfish to represent our product because it has a loose network of nerves that act as a "brain" similar to the way we envision loosely distributed networks of p eople coordinating via Jelly to help each other.
# # Mill gate price scheme

=> The transportation of yarn from one place to another, increases the cost of ya rn considerably putting the weavers at a disadvantageous position. Keeping the above in view, Government of India introduced a scheme for Supply of yarn at t he price in which it is available at the Mill Gate in 1992. => Under the scheme the transportation expenses involved in supply of yarn are reimbursed by the Government of India. The nodal agency for the implementati on of this scheme is NHDC. => This scheme titled Mill Gate Price Scheme has two components, namely, (i) Supply of yarn at Mill Gate Price and (ii) Investment in NHDC. => The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the renamin g of Mill Gate Price Scheme (MGPS) as Yarn Supply Scheme (YPS) on 9 Janua ry 2014. => The CCEA also approved the continuation of the MGPS with the new name in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) and allowed 10 percent subsidy componen t with modifications. => The Scheme has been allotted an outlay of 443 crore rupees in the 12th Plan. => Under the Scheme, the target for the 12th Plan is to supply 3506 lakh kg yar n worth of 4364 crore rupees.The Scheme provides subsidized yarn to the under -privileged weavers and vulnerable groups so that they can compete with the po werloom and mill sector. => The Scheme is to make yarn available to handloom weavers at mill gate pric e by reimbursing transportation charges to depot operating agencies, primary we avers cooperative societies, apex societies and other handloom organizations.
# # Wild goose pagoda => Giant Wild Goose Pagoda or Big Wild Goose Pagoda, is a Buddhist pagoda located in southern Xi'an , Shaanxi province, China. It was built in 652 during t he Tang Dynasty and originally had five stories, although the structure was rebu ilt in 704 during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian and its exterior brick facade w as renovated during the Ming Dynasty.
=> One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the B uddha that were brought to China from India by the Buddhist translator and trav eler Xuanzang .
# # Bengal school of art => The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an influ ential art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal , pri marily Kolkata and Shantiniketan , and flourished throughout India during the B ritish Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in it s early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism ( swadeshi) and led by A banindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by Brit ish arts administrators like E. B. Havell , the principal of the Government Colle ge of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development of the moder n Indian painting => .Havell was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the p oet Rabindranath Tagore . Tagore painted a number of works influenced by Mu ghal art, a style that he and Havell believed to be expressive of India's distinct s piritual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West. => Tagore's best-known painting, Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objec ts symbolic of India's national aspirations. Tagore later attempted to develop lin ks with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist mode l of art. => Other painters and artists of Bengal school were Gaganendranath Tagore (T agore's brother), Asit Kumar Haldar, M.A.R Chughtai, Kiron Sinha, Sunayani D evi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Kshitindranath Majumdar, Nandalal Bose, Kalipada Ghoshal, Sughra Rababi and Sudhir Khastgir.
# # Minority cyber gram

The MCG programme seeks to introduce digital literacy skills in identified min ority clusters in India through designated Digital Fellows towards knowledge e mpowerment and entitlement gains of minority focused groups and beneficiarie s. Objectives 1. To impart digital literacy and skills among identified minority groups and ben eficiaries through designated Digital Fellows (DFs) in identified minority cluste rs for information and knowledge empowerment and entitlement gains. 2. To provide opportunities in information and knowledge networks for local co mmunities.
# # Pattachitra => Pattachitra is a general term for traditional, cloth-based scroll painting, base d in the eastern Indian state of Odisha . => In the Sanskrit language, "Patta" literally means "cloth" and "Chitra" means "picture".Pattachitra is a traditional painting of Odisha, India. These paintings ar e based on Hindu mythology and specially inspired by Jagannath and Vaishnava cult. => All colours used in the Paintings are natural and paintings are made fully old traditional way by Chitrakaras that is Oriya Painter. => Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms o f Odisha. => The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words patta, meaning ca nvas, and chitra, meaning picture. => Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colou rful application, creative motifs and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mo stly mythological in depiction. => The traditions of pattachitra paintings are more than thousand years old.
# # Mattu pongal => Mattu Pongal is an Indian festival celebrated on the day following the Ponga l festival (festival of first harvests) or the Makar Sankranti festival. Though the name of the festival is specific to Tamil Nadu , in India, it is also celebrated in o ther southern states such as Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka . => Mattu Pongal is for celebration of the cattle, particularly cows and bulls that play a vital role by working hard to help the farmers to raise crops on their field s, falls on the following day, 15 January. The festival is also observed by ethnic Tamil population of Sri Lanka. => Observance of Mattu Pongal is part of the Pongal festival. Pongal is generall y a four-day festival of fervent celebrations (during 2010, it will be held from 1 3 to 16 January) marking the officially declared Tamil New Year day, the begin ning of the month of Thai starting with 14 January every year, as per Tamil Cale ndar . Bhogi pongal ==> The first day is called Bhogi the last day of Dhanurmas (month of Sagitt arius ), a preparatory day before the Pongal and is in honour of god Indra, the ki ng of heaven. On this day it is spring cleaning, as people decorate their homes, b uy new vessels and burn old and unwanted items. Perum pongal =>=> the main festival, also called the Perum Pongal (big festival), is the secon d day when the Sun is worshipped signifying the first day of the month of Maka ra or Capricornus. It is celebrated as Makara Sankranti or simply "Sankranti" in the rest of the country. Mattu ponal=>=> This is followed by the 'Mattu Pongal celebration on the third day when bulls, cows and other farm animals are worshipped. Kannum pongal =>=> The fourth day is the 'Kannum Pongal' or 'Kanru Pongal' (Calf Pongal) festival when calves are fed. However, the name 'Kannum' also de notes that on this day people visit elders in the villages or towns seeking their bl essings.
# # History of makar sankranti => Makara Sankranti is a Hindu festival celebrated in almost all parts of India a nd Nepal in a myriad of cultural forms. It is a harvest festival. It is the Hindi/Ind o-Aryan languages name for Makara Sankranthi (still used in southern areas as t he official name). => Makar Sankranti marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Mak ara rashi (Capricorn) on its celestial path. The day is also believed to mark the a rrival of spring in India and is a traditional. => Makara Sankranti is a solar event making one of the few Indian festivals which fall on the same date in the Grego rian calendar every year: 14 January, with some exceptions when the festival is celebrated on 13 or 15 January. => The importance of this day has been signified in the ancient epics like Maha bharata also. So, apart from socio- geographical importance, this day also holds a historical and religious significance. => As it is the festival of Sun God and he is regarded as the symbol divinity and wisdom, the festival also holds an eternal meaning to it.
# # trace the history of KHAP PANCHAYATs ? => In ancient times, The mode of governance was that of a council of five, whic h was called a Panchayat . => The forms of governing society are that of the Sabha, which mean "gatherin g" and "assembly", respectively. The Sabhapati, the president of the Sabha, was an elected official. => In the texts of Pini and later Buddhist texts, references to 16 republics or Great Republics Janapadas can be found, with these references dating back to ar ound 600 BCE (conventional dating). => The republics referred to as the Yaudheyas, Malls etc. are documented as do minating the Northern Indian landscape in what is now Punjab , Sindh , Rajasth an , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . The Sarv Khap (or all Khap) Panchayat (counc il) represented all the Khaps.
=> The individual Khaps would elect leaders who would send delegates, who w ould represent the Khaps at the Sarv Khap level. It was a political organization, composed of all the clans, communities, and castes in the region. The republics of the Yaudheyas who dominated this region from 600 BCE to 400 CE precede d it. => After the fall of Kushan Empire northwest India was divided into small repu blics. These small republics could not defend against invaders. So there were for med federations of republics known as Ganasanghas, janapada, pal etc. One of t he terms used to denote the republic was the 'Khap'. => The Khap consisted a unit of 84 villages. The individual villages were gover ned by an elected Council, which was known as the Panchayat . => A unit of seven villages was called a Thamba and 12 Thambas would form t he unit of 84 villages, though Khaps of 12 and 24 villages existed. Their elected leaders would determine which units would be represented at the Khap level. => These Khaps are found to be spread all the way from Northwest India down to Madhya Pradesh , Malwa, Rajasthan , Sindh , Multan, Punjab, Haryana, and modern Uttar Pradesh
# # Maulana Azad Sehat Scheme ?

*** Launched by The Union Ministry of Minority Affairs for welfare of Minorities. *** Sehat Card would be issued to every student of the Institution financially aided by MAEF. *** Preventive Health Check-up Camps would be organized by the Institute twice in a year, through Government/Private Hospitals/ Nursing Homes. *** All findings of the Preventive Health Checkups will be entered in the Sehat Card o f the student by the Doctors. *** In exceptional and deserving cases for serious ailments, the poor students belon ging to notified minorities would be provided financial assistance for treatment in Go vernment/Recognized Hospitals. *** Serious ailments viz. Kidney, Heart, Liver, Cancer, Brain, Knee surgery and Spinal surgery or any other life threatening diseases would be covered.
*** Dispensary/Health Care Centre is to be set up in the educational institutions (Sch ool) to provide daily medical facilities to the students studying in the educational inst itutions funded/aided by MAEF.
# # what is Erythropoiesis ? => erythropoesis is derived from two Greek words erythro-red blood,poesis-to make, the formation of red blood corpuscles in the bone marrow is called erythr opoesis... => the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marro w => it is stimulated by decrsd O2 in circulation which is detectd by the kidney's... nd it is a red blood cells
# # what r Chalcophile elements ? => These are forming the sulfides and arsenides form minerals which are not sta ble at the high temperatures of igneous crystallization. these elements are found in granites and pegmatitesmolybdenite (MoS2) is an example. More frequentl y they are removed from the crystallizing magma as hot aqueous solution.
# # who was C. F. Andrews ? => Christian missionary ... charles freer andrews => he is well known as DEENBANDHU for his social service
# # which were the newspapers edited/founded by Annie Besant ? => New India and Commanwealh
# # Bayyaram mines ,,,where r they..y were they in news /? => itz an iron ore mining site in GUMMAM/ Khammam distt of andhra pradesh ... recently, d site was allocated to VIZAG STEEL PLANT (VSP) .. but telenga na people protested to it by saying dat VSP is a manufacturing unit of other regi on...
# # largest lake in South America ? => lake Titicaca
# # what is RHEOLOGY ? => study of flow properties f solid and semisolid ; deals with the deformation an d flow of matter, especially the non-Newtonian flow of liquids and the plastic fl ow of solids.
# # Customs Union ? => A customs union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade ar ea with a common external tariff . => The participant countries set up common external trade policy, but in some cases they use different import quotas . => Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency. => Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing econo mic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the me mber countries. => It is the third stage of economic integration. Customs unions are established t hrough trade pacts.
# # National Transport Development Policy Committee (NTDPC) ? => The Government of India has set up a High Level National Transport Develo pment Policy Committee to create a policy environment that encourages compet itive pricing and coordination between alternative modes of transport in order to provide an integrated and sustainable transport system. => The framework that national governments provide for the transport sector lar gely determines the level of cost and efficiency in transport operations. => The Committee will be chaired by Dr. Rakesh Mohan in an honorary capacit y, with the rank of Minister of State. => The members of the Committee include Secretaries of all the Ministries asso ciated with the development of transportation along with the leading experts in t he field.
# # Shri Prokash Karmakar ? Prokash Karmakar (1933 24 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian ar tist from Kolkata , West Bengal . His work is in the permanent collection of a number of museums and galleries throughout India, including the Nat ional Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi and he is the recipient of numero us awards. Karmakar is best known for his landscapes and nudes , which are generally painted in vibrant colors with bold lines and intricate textures. His paintings refle ct his perception and interpretation of nature (both orderly and chaotic), li fe (both rural and urban), and form (from soft to sharp), without reference to religion.
# # Third - Line Theraphy ? => When a person is diagnosed with cancer, the oncologist (a doctor who specia
lizes in treating people with cancer) recommends a treatment plan that is most li kely to have the greatest benefits and the fewest risks or side effects. => That initial treatment, called first-line treatment or first-line therapy, is usual ly chosen based on what worked best in clinical trials for patients with the same type and stage of cancer. => However, every person responds differently to treatment. If your first-line tr eatment does not work, starts but then stops working, or causes serious side effe cts, your oncologist may recommend a second-line treatment (also called secon d-line therapy), which is a different treatment that is likely to be effective. => In some cases, you may be a candidate for third-line therapy or additional rounds of treatment after that.
# # new Corporate Governance norms ? => The new corporate governance norms would become applicable for all listed companies with effect from 1 October 2014. The new corporate governance nor ms issued are in line with the global practices and in accordance with the Comp anies Act, 2013. Guidelines of new corporate governance-------!> Exclusion of nominee Director from the definition of Independent Director Performance evaluation of Independent Directors and the Board of Directors Prohibition of stock options to Independent Directors Separate meeting of Independent Directors It has been decided that the maximum number of Boards an independent direct or can serve on listed companies be restricted to 7 and 3 in case the person is ser ving as a whole time director in a listed company To restrict the total tenure of an Independent Director to 2 terms of 5 years. Ho wever, if a person who has already served as an Independent Director for 5 year s or more in a listed company as on the date on which the amendment to Listing Agreement becomes effective, he shall be eligible for appointment for one mor e term of 5 years only.
Compulsory whistle blower mechanism At least one woman director on the Board of the company Constitution of Stakeholders Relationship Committee Enhanced disclosure of remuneration policies Mandatory constitution of Nomination and Remuneration Committee. Chairm an of the said committees shall be independent. Expanded role of Audit Committee Prior approval of Audit Committee for all material Related Party Transactions (RPTs) Approval of all material RPTs by shareholders through special resolution with related parties abstaining from voting The scope of the definition of RPT has been widened to include elements of C ompanies Act..
# # e-Wallet scheme of IRCTC => Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) launched E- W allet Scheme in the second week of February 2014. => The scheme was launched to make payment process fast and to reduce transa ction failures due to bank payment related problems. => Under the scheme, user can deposit money in advance with IRCTC and the money can be used as payment option along with other payment options availab le on IRCTC website for the payment at the time of booking tickets.
# # Target Accelerator Programme ? => The accelerator programme will incubate five technology startups - turntable and image processing software company Turnaround Innovision, in-app, two-w ay communication venture Konotor and work-flow management services provid er muHive. => The four-month programme, which will be incubated at Target India's office
in Bangalore, is focused on incubating startups operating in the areas of mobile, content, social, search, data and analytics. => The Target Accelerator Programme is the latest incubator initiative launched in India by global multinationals, as they look to tap the country's growing start up ecosystem
# # Astrakhan => Astrakhan' is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrativ e center of Astrakhan Oblast. => The city lies on two banks of the Volga River , close to where it discharges i nto the Caspian Sea at an altitude of 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level. => The oldest economic and cultural center of the Lower Volga, it is often calle d the southernmost outpost of Russia and the Caspian capital. => The city is a member of the Eurasian Regional Office of the World Organiza tion "United Cities and Local Governments" Its population is diverse and includ es one hundred ethnicities and fourteen religious denominations. => The city is located in the upper part of the Volga delta , on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression
# # Maulana hasrat mohani => Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a Romantic Poet of Urdu language, journalist, politician, parliamentarian of British India, besides a being a part of the Indian I ndependence Movement . => The real name of Maulana was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan. Hasrat was his pen nam e which he used in the Urdu poetry and the word Mohani refers to the native pla ce of Mohan where he was born.Hasrat Mohani participated in the struggle for I ndian Independence (end of British Raj ); and was jailed for many years by Briti sh authorities. => He was the second person ( first person was Swatantryaveer Savarkar , who
demanded 'Complete Independence' in 1900) in Indian History who demanded ' Complete Independence' (Azadi-e-Kaamil) in 1921 as he presided over an annu al session of All India Muslim League. => He was not only a practising Muslim but also a strong supporter of the com munist philosophy, as he could see that the British could be defeated by followi ng its principles. => The famous slogan of Indian freedom fighters Inquilab Zindabad was coined by Hasrat Mohani himself.
# # Feel india => Feel India 's mission is to enrich and enliven people's lives by making family holidays a part of their lifestyle. At Feel India , we endeavor to become the No. 1 Lifetime Holiday Company in Central India.
# # Thrombosis => Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel , obstructin g the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injur ed, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to pre vent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form i n the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus . # # Causes--------> In classical terms, thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the f ollowing ( Virchow's triad ): The composition of the blood ( hypercoagulability or thrombophilia) Quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury) Nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence) # # Treatment-----------> => Coumarins, Vitamin K antagonists , are anticoagulants that can be taken oral
ly to reduce thromboembolic occurrence. => Where a more effective response is required, heparin can be given (by injecti on) concomitantly. => As a side effect of any anticoagulant, the risk of bleeding is increased, so the international normalized ratio of blood is monitored. => Self-monitoring and self-management are safe options for competent patient s, though their practice varies.
# # Model school scheme => The Model School scheme was launched in November 2008 in pursuance to the announcement of the Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech of 200 7. => The scheme aims to provide quality education to talented rural children thro ugh setting up of 6,000 model schools as benchmark of excellence at block level at the rate of one school per block. => The scheme has the following objectives: i. To have at least one good quality senior secondary school in every block. ii. To have a pace setting role iii. To try out innovative curriculum and pedagogy iv. To be a model in infrastructure, curriculum, evaluation and school governanc e
# # Kalamassery => Kalamassery is a suburb of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the Distri ct of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrializ ation with several factories and IT companies. Thrikkakara temple , Cochin Uni versity of Science and Technology and Eloor industrial township are in the vicin ity of Kalamassery. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.
****Places of interest----------->>>> => Museum of Kerala History has representations of 87 figures who shaped the history and culture of Kerala in the last two thousand years. => The museum has a collection of 150 dolls, all hand made and detailed, repres enting the cultural and ethnic diversity of India. => The dolls represent young men and women from Gujarat to Nagaland and fr om Kashmir to Kanyakumari . => The gallery depicts mainly specimens of Indi an Contemporary Art (Painting and Sculpture) over a period of the last two hun dred years. The gallery also displays a mural painting based on the classical San skrit drama Shakuntalam] executed in the traditional Kerala. The mural, at 25 ft long and 5 ft wide is one of the largest in Kerala.
# # National pension scheme => The National Pension System (NPS) is a defined contribution based pension system launched by Government of India with effect from 1 January 2004. Like most other developing countries, India did not have A Universal Social Security System to protect the elderly against economic deprivation. => As a first step towards instituting pension reforms, Government of India mo ved from a defined benefit pension to a defined contribution based pension syste m. Apart from offering wide gamut of investment options to employees, this sch eme would help government of India to reduce its pension liabilities. => Unlike existing pension fund of Government of India that offered assured be nefits, NPS has defined contribution and individuals can decide where to invest their money. => The scheme is structured into two tiers: Tier-I account: This NPS account does not allow premature withdrawal and is a vailable to all citizens from 1 May 2009. Tier-II account: This NPS account permits withdrawal for exceptional reasons o nly, prior to the retirement age.
# # TROPEX => largest war drills of Indian Navy spread over Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal region and involving its frontline assets such as INS Chakra and 75 combat and surveillance aircraft. => The Navy's major annual exercise Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exer cise (TROPEX) involving large scale naval manoeuvres in all three dimensions surface, air and underwater, across the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and the Indi an Ocean Region (IOR). => Around 60 ships and submarines along with 75 aircraft took part in this exer cise, which saw participation of units from Air Force and Coast Guard. => The exercise also saw the maiden participation by the newly acquired P 8I L ong Range Maritime Patrol aircraft and the nuclear submarine, Chakra. => The exercise also provided the Navy with an opportunity to validate its netw ork centric warfare capabilities, with effective utilisation of its recently launche d satellite GSAT-7.
# # Indian maritime university => The Indian Maritime University ( IMU ) is a Central University, that was est ablished by an Act of the Indian Parliament namely the Indian Maritime Univer sity Act 2008, on 14 November 2008. It is the only university in the country im parting education in the maritime field. It has an All- India jurisdiction and the h eadquarters is at Chennai. It has campuses at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Visak hapatnam, Cochin and Kandla Port. => Vice Chancellor of the University is Ashok Vardhan Shetty, IAS. => Chancellor V. Krishnamurthy
# # SMS gateway of indian railway => will enable passengers to get free SMS alerts on the status of reserved tickets
. Previously, the SMS alerts were sent only when the booking was made. Any u pdate on wait list position or berth confirmation were not sent via SMS.
# # BIMSTEC => The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co operation ( BIMSTEC) is an international organisation involving a group of cou ntries in South Asia and South East Asia . These are: Bangladesh, India , Myan mar , Sri Lanka, Thailand , Bhutan and Nepal. => On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and g iven the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation). => BIMSTEC has Fourteen priority sectors cover all areas of cooperation. * Tra nsport and Communication, led by India * Counter-Terrorism and Transnational Crime, led by India * Environment and Natural Disaster Management, led by India => BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship. 2011.Nepal for mally took over the new Chairmanship as on 4 March 2014.Sumith Nakandala o f Sri Lanka became the first Secretary General of BIMSTEC
# # The Ahoms => The Ahom people of Assam are the descendants of the ethnic Tai people that accompanied the Tai prince Sukaphaa into the Brahmaputra valley in 1228 and ruled the area for six centuries. => Sukaphaa and his followers established the Ahom kingdom (12281826) and the Ahom dynasty ruled and expanded the kingdom until the British gained con trol of the region through the Treaty of Yandabo upon winning the First AngloBurmese War in 1826. => The kingdom established by the Ahom people gave Assam its name.
# # Anup talao => A ornamental pool with a central platform and four bridges leading up to it. Some of the important buildings of the royal enclave are surround by it includin g, Khwabgah (House of Dreams) Akbar's residence, Panch Mahal , a five-storey palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Ankh Michauli and the Astro loger's Seat, in the south-west corner of the Pachisi Court.
# # Pampa in ramayna => Pampa Sarovar is a lake in Koppal district near Hampi in Karnataka . To the south of the Tungabhadra River , it is considered sacred by Hindus and is one of the five sacred sarovars , or lakes in India. => In Hindu mythology Pampa Sarovar is regarded as the place where Pampa, a form of Shiva's consort Parvati, performed penance to show her devotion to Shi va . => It is also one of the Sarovar's that finds a mention in the Hindu epic, Ramaya na as the place where Shabari , a devotee of Rama waited for the arrival of Ram.
# # Kamarup Kmarpa, was the first historical kingdom in Assam , existing from 350 to 114 0 CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present-day Guwahati and Tezpur , it covered the entire Brahmaputra river valley, North Bengal and parts of Bangladesh. => Though the historical kingdom disappeared by 12th century to be replaced b y smaller political entities, the notion of Kamarupa persisted and ancient and me dieval chroniclers continued to call this region by this name. The name of this ki ngdom survives in Kamrup, a present-day district in Assam.
# # Chandidas => Chandidas refers to (possibly more than one) medieval poet of Bengal . Ove r 1250 poems related to the love of Radha and Krishna in Bengali with the bhan ita of Chandidas are found with three different sobriquets along with his name, Bau, Dvija and Dina as well as without any sobriquet also. => It is not clear whether these bhanitas actually refer to the same person or not . => It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in t he name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas , who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the bhanitas . => It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta Ba u Chandidas, wh o has been more or less identified as a historical figure born in the 14th century i n Birbhum district of the present-day West Bengal state and wrote the lyrical Sri krishna Kirtan (Songs in praise of Krishna ).
# # Niyoga => Niyoga is an ancient Hindu tradition, in which a woman (whose husband is e ither incapable of fatherhood or has died without having a child) would request and appoint a person for helping her bear a child. => According to this Hindu tradition the man who was appointed must be or wo uld most likely be a revered person.
# # Brahmvadini => Brahmavadini or "an expounder of the Veda " are those women who compos ed any hymns of the Vedas The prominent among them were Lopamudra , Vish wawara, Sikta, Ghosha and Maitreyi.
=> Maitreyi, (the wife of Yajnavalkya ) is accredited with about ten hymns in R ig Veda => Two sukta s (hymns) of the tenth Mandala (book) of Rigveda , 39 and 40, ea ch containing 14 verses, have been attributed to Ghosha. => The first hymn praises the Ashvins. The second hymn is a personal wish exp ressing her intimate feelings and desires for married life. => Lopamudra was the wife of the sage Agastya . A hymn in the Rigveda is attr ibuted to her.
# # Nathpantis => The Natha Sampradaya is traditionally divided into twelve streams or Panths . According to David Gordon White, these panthas were not really a subdivisio n of a monolithic order, but rather an amalgamation of separate groups descende d from either Matsyendranath , Gorakshanath or one of their students. => However, there have always been many more Natha sects than will convenie ntly fit into the twelve formal panths . Thus less populous sannyasin sub-sects s uch as the Adinath Sampradaya or Nandinatha Sampradaya are typically either i gnored or amalgamated into one or another of the formal panths => According to the Shri Amrit Nath Ashram website, the twelve Natha Panthi are as follows: Satya natha, Dharam natha, Daria natha, Ayi Panthia, Vairaga kea, Rama ke, Ka pilani , Ganga nathi Mannathi, Rawal ke, Paava panth, Paagala panthi # # Nay pyi taw => the capital city of Burma, also known as Myanmar. It is administered as the Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution . Much of this planne d city is still under construction, which was set to be completed by around 2012. => Nay Pyi Daw is generally translated as "royal capital", "seat of the king" or " abode of kings". => Traditionally, it was used as a suffix to the names of royal capitals, such as
Mandalay, which was called ( Yadanabon Naypyidaw ). The name literally mea ns "royal city of the sun" in Burmese .
# # Boro cultivation => In the Past farmers grow Paddy once a year but now the farmers have come forward to cultivate this type of Boro Paddy, as it increase the Crop Production. As yield 0f Boro Paddy is 4-5 MT Per Hectare. => In the Lower Altitude Areas Boro Paddy cultivation is taken up. This techniq ue was done after harvest of Kharif Paddy in the same field. => Boro Paddy is cultivated mostly at Umkiang, Lakroh, Hawai Bhoi, Hawai S utnga under Khliehriat and Amlarem Sub Division. Sowing of Paddy Seed sta rt from the month of November December, Transplanting of seedling during t he month of February and harvesting during May / June. => It was observed that growing of Paddy twice a year give more hope for incre ase the Crop Production.
# # LAXATIVE => Laxatives ( purgatives, aperients) are foods , compounds and/or drugs that fa cilitate or increase bowel movements . => They are most often used to treat constipation. Certain stimulant , lubricant a nd saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and/or bowel exami nations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. => Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea . => Foods that help with laxation include fruits, especially banana ,kiwifruit and prunes , bran products, aloe vera , blackstrap molasses , pear , and nuts (especial ly almonds and walnuts ).
# # what r STRUCTURAL metals ?

=> a profile , formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards of chemical composition and mechanical properties
# # Milk of Magnesia ? => Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of hydrated Mg(OH) 2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magn esia because of its milk-like appearance. => A common component of antacids and laxatives
# # peninsula of Ukraine => a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost comp letely surrounded by water. The peninsula is located just south of the Ukrainian mainland and west of the Russian region of Kuban. => It is surrounded by two seas: the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to t he east. It is connected with the Ukrainian mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch . => The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast; a narrow strip of land that separat es a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov . # # important rivers of Western Asia ? => the Tigris and Euphrates, # # Jaunpur is famous for ? => Famous Imarti , a sweet like jalebi made from urad => Jaunpuri Mooli , a daikon (radish) that grow up to four feet long => oil and Perfumes, or itra (in Urdu) # # Who is knwn as the Adikavi ?
=> Adikavi is Valmiki => Valmiki is a sage of an excellent power of pen and wisdom. He is called Adi kavi since the moment he cursed an hunter on killing Kraunch bird in a totally o riginal chhandas. => In Kannada ------ Adikavi is Pampa=> -one of the greatest Kannada poets of all time. He was born either in Annigeri or Banavasi, in modern Karnataka state, or in Vemulavada, in modern Andhra Pradesh, and was the court poet of Chalu kya King Arikesari, a Rashtrakuta feudatory. => In telgu--------Nannaya=> He is also known as Adi Kavi in recognition of hi s great literary work.The first treatise on Telugu grammar, the "Andhra Shabda Chintamani" was written in Sanskrit by Nannayya , who was considered first po et and translator of Telugu in the 11th century A.D.
# # Anguttara Nikaya . => The Anguttara Nikaya (literally "Increased by One Collection," also translat ed "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture, the fourth of the five nikayas , or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka , which is one of th e "three baskets" that comprise the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism. => Th is nikaya consists of several thousand discourses ascribed to the Buddha and his chief disciples arranged in eleven nipatas, or books, according to the number of dhamma items referenced in them.
# # Maitreya => Maitreya is a bodhisattva who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma . => According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor of the historic kyam uni Buddha . The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time when the Dharma will have been forgotten by most on Jambudvipa . => It is found in the canonical literature of all major Buddhist schools ( Therav da , Mahyna , Vajrayna ), and is accepted by most Buddhists as a statement a bout an event that will take place when the Dharma will have been mostly forgo
tten on Earth.
# # what was the symbol of Rishabhnatha , Parsvanatha nd Neminatha ? Rishabhnath -- Bull Parshvanath -- Serpent Neminath-- Conch # # Girnar inscription ? => one of the notable inscription during Ashoka's reign.... => Girnar inscriptions bring with it the story of James Princep Indias most su ccessful British scholar. Twenty years old James Princep arrived in India in 181 9 as an Assay-Master of a mint. He was well educated in Chemistry, Mechanics and useful sciences. His outstanding traits were his habit of exactness and minut e attention to details.
# # what r BORRA Caves knwn for >? => The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu (in Telugu language Borra mea ns something that has bored into the ground and guhalu means caves), are loca ted on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku valley (with hill ranges elevation varying from 800 m (2,624.7 ft) to 1,300 m (4,265.1 ft)) of the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh. => The Caves, one of the largest in the country, at an elevation of about 705 m ( 2,313.0 ft), distinctly exhibit a variety of impressive speleothems (pictured) ran ging from very small to big and irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites. => The Caves are basically Karstic limestone structures extending to a depth of 80 m (262.5 ft) (considered the deepest cave in India).
# # what is SORTEX ?
=> Sortex is an optical sorting machine that can automatically grade and sort ric e grains, thus sorting and providing good quality grains. # # Poonam RaUT ? => Poonam Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in 28 wo men's one-day internationals and 27 Twenty20 internationals for India . # # Five Dhyani Buddhas => In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Dhyani Buddhas , also known as the Five Wisdom Tathgatas, the Five Great Buddhas and the Five Jinas ( Sanskrit for "c onqueror" or "victor"), are representations of the five qualities of the Buddha . => The term "dhyani-buddha" is first recorded in English by the British Residen t in Nepal, Brian Hodgson , in the early 19th century, and is unattested in any su rviving traditional primary sources. => These five Buddhas are a common subject of Vajrayana mandalas . => These five Buddhas are the primary object of worship and meditation in Shi ngon Buddhism, a school of Vajarayana Buddhism founded in Japan by Kkai .
# # largest artificial lake in Asia ? => Bhojtal , formerly known as Upper Lake is a large lake which lies on the We stern side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh , Bhopal. => It is a major source of drinking water for the residents of the city, serving ar ound 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million imperial gallons (140,000 m 3 ) of water per day. => Bada talaab, along with the nearby Chhota Talaab , meaning small lake in H indi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.
# # where is the Sattal Lake nd its pecularity ?

=> Sattal or Sat Tal (Hindi for "seven lakes") is an interconnected group of seve n freshwater lakes situated in the Lower Himalayan Range near Bhimtal , a tow n of the Nainital district in Uttarakhand, India . During the British Raj , the area had a tea plantation, one of four in the Kumaon area at that time. => The lakes sit at an altitude of 1370 metres below lush orchards in the Mehra gaon valley. => Set amongst dense forests of oak and pine trees, Sattal is one of the few unsp oiled and unpolluted freshwater biomes in India. => These lakes are a paradise for migratory birds . It is home to a few camps bei ng operated mostly by local people catering to tourists looking for outdoor vacat ions.
# # Prairies => Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savanna s, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, mo derate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees , as the dominant vegetation type. => Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, Brazil and Ur uguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia . => Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America . The ter m encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of the United State s, Canada and Mexico , which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wett er, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , and Ok lahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana , Wyoming , Colorado, New Mexico , Texas , Missouri, Iowa, Illinois , Indiana , Wisconsin , and western an d southern Minnesota . => The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occ upy vast areas of Manitoba , Saskatchewan , and Alberta. # # what is knwn as the VELDT ?
=> The term veld , sometimes anachronistically spelled veldt in English, is a ge neric term used to define certain wide open rural spaces of Southern Africa. It is used in particular to refer to flatter areas or districts covered in grass or low scr ub, especially in South Africa, Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia . => A certain sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa has been offic ially defined as the Bushveld by the World Wide Fund for Nature . => Wildfires are common in the veld and are referred to as "veld fires".
# # what r RANCHES ? => A ranch is an area of landscape , including various structures, given primaril y to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cat tle or sheep for meat or wool. The word most often applies to livestock-raising o perations in Mexico , the western United States and Canada , though there are ra nches in other areas. People who own or operate a ranch are called ranchers , or stockgrowers . => Ranching is also a method used to raise less common livestock such as elk, American bison or even ostrich , emu, and alpacas .
# # Mount St. Helens ? => it is a stratovalcano located in skamania country in washington....This volcan o is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a seg ment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This v olcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.
# # Who-sear ? => World health organisation south east asia region .. Primary focus on improve ment of potable water supply... india is its director
# # mention Meditteranean climate regions around the world The lands around the Mediterranean Sea form the largest area where this climat e type is found, but it also prevails in much of California , in parts of Western a nd South Australia, in southwestern South Africa , sections of Central Asia , and in central Chile.
# # what was formerly known as Thal River. => The Halali River is a tributary of the Betwa River . It was formerly known as Thal River. In the 18th century, Dost Mohammad Khan's forces killed a rival R ajput force near Jagdishpur (later renamed to Islamnagar ) on the bank of the riv er. The river was renamed to " Halali river" (the river of slaughter), because it a ppeared red with the blood of the victims.Another name for the river is Bangang a.
# # first state to achieve 100 percent sanitation coverage ? Ans - sikkim # # Converting post offices into bank branches ..for the reason of FINANC IAL INCLUSION ..a feasible idea ? put ur concrete views wit explanation => its a good idea for the benefit of both the people and the organisation becaus e India Post is not so profit making organisation for the governemnt by this gov ernment will earn more penny and on the parallel side because of its vast reach i n the country will help the government to include the rural people in the main st ream. => post offices are widespread, located at even remote, inaccesible villages ,its i nfrastructure with a little makeover can definitely prove handy for financial incl
usion objective.Secondly it has a huge customer base also ,having deposits of m illions of people in their various accounts like pension funds,insurance etc...thes e funds can be leverged for developmental programmes...! => As the objective is financial inclusion so its an apt move by the govt to reach out to people and places where banking services have not penetrated. This is be cause most banks even though they are PSU's are not willing to do the same bec ause they are profit making organizations and it won't be profitable for them if t hey opened branches in every village in the country. On the other hand the post offices like railways are a departmental undertaking and their main aim is to pro vide service to the people and not making profits. Secondly post offices are alre ady present even in remote villages so only the personnel have to be trained and internet penetration has to be hastened. =>Over 95% post offices in India are in villages where actually financial inclusi on has to be brought in. Instead of going for core banking (facility to access acc ount from anywhere) like established banks post offices should initially focus o n local banking by educating people on banks and allowing no frill accounts wh ere the minimum balance can be zero. Also people in rural area are mostly depe ndent on moneylenders who charge large amount of interest and take advantage of the lack of banks in the area so if post offices started offering banking service s it will save many primary sector workers from the clutches of these people. Th us essentially they should first create the banking culture which is the core of ru ral financial inclusion. Also postal dept is completely under the control of IT Mi nistry of GOI so deposits r guaranteed by govt itself. Thirdly RBI which grants d banking licence has also viewd this proposal in a favorable manner. Fourthly i n urban areas if post offices begin to offer banking services this will ease the loa d on commercial banks... => instead of converting post office into bank branches.. a nationalised banks sh ould be encourage to open there branches in rural areas...with multipurpose like both commercial and agriculture in common...like one-stop center....so that ppl of both sector can get benefit and we can also stop drain to urban areas from vill age..n also post offices have there pre-define work... which they should try to im prove...at many places in rural areas the basic infrastructure is also not available for post offices..even today that postmaster comes on cycle why don't they give
him electric bike..yo-bike i mean.....and also we already have post savings sche me running.. => post office have a staff wich can hardly do banking stuff...the best it can do i s lease out its infrastructure to PSBs ....nd also Payment banks cud also b feasibl e as per recommnded by Nachiket Mor Committee => yup...exactly...staff is not competent enough..though they r involved in savin g schemes... but shld not lend there infrastructure...bcoz it cannot be landed..
# # What is District Heating ? => A district heating scheme comprises a network of insulated pipes used to del iver heat, in the form of hot water or steam, from the point of generation to an e nd user. => District heating networks provide the means to transport heat efficiently. => They can currently be built up to around 30km from generating plant and dis tribution networks can be hundreds of kilometres long. => This is sufficient to carry heat across our cities, smaller communities and ind ustrial areas. => The distance a network can reach is also easily extended by simply adding m ore providers of heat, or heat sources, along the way.
# # local name for The Lesser Himalaya => the Lesser Himalayan Range or Mahabharat Range, In India it is also know n as Himachal Himalaya # # Rani-ki-Vav ? =>famous stepwell situated in patan town in gujrat, india.. Built on the instructi o s of Rani Udayamati of solanki dynasty... => recently in news due to its India's entry along with Himalaya National Conse rv Park for getting the World heritage site status this year recommend for UNES
CO world heritage => The process for a particular site to get a UNESCO world heritage site status has 3 stages .. firstly countries put some monuments and site in tentative list .. s econdly from this list few are nominated for finals .. thirdly UNESCO appoints committee to evaluate the nominations ...ICOMOS and World Conservation uni on also plays vital role...
## India's first post office savings Bank ATM ? => In chennai as part of IT modernization of Department of posts
## NutNet ? => The Nutrient Network (NutNet) is a grassroots research effort to address que stions of global change, the alteration of biogeochemical cycles and critical ecol ogical species interactions within a coordinated research network comprised of over 40 grassland sites around the world.
## Trafalgar Square ? => Trafalgar Square, the largest square in London, is often considered the heart of the city. # # Bagha Jatin => He was the leader of the Yugantar party, his eariliar name was Jatindranath Mukherjee
# # Lok Adalat ,...write a note ! => Lok Adalat are informal courts constituted for resolving civil cases amicably through mediation of retired judges or responsible people. => Considered as Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism, it will solve incre
asing number of court cases at various levels. => The decision taken by lokadalat is not binding. Just informal resolution syst em to deal with petty issues.. => its the court consist of retired judge.it generally deal widh the cases of prope rty settlement nd compensation of money matters in accidents etc.its decison cnt be challenged in any court of india
# # how many mandals in RigVeda ? in which no is gayatri mantra ? ..in w hich no is Purushsukta ? => total 10 mandlas... Gayatrimantra-3rd , Purushasukta-10th 2nd-7th mandals are called Gotra., 1st & 10th have been added later
# # The maximum permissible speed on four-lane roads for motor cars and light motor vehicles (LMV) other than a transport vehicle is ? => earlier it was 70 kph ..the most recent news is 90 kmph !
# # What is a Trust ? What is the difference between Private trust and Public Tr ust ? => Trust is defined in section 3 of the Trust Act, 1882 as " an obligation annexe d to the ownership of property and arising out of a confidence reposed in and ac cepted by the owner, or declared and accepted by him, for the benefit of another or of another and the owner. => In simple words it is a transfer of property by the owner to another for the b enefit of a third person alongwith or without himself or a declaration by the own er, to hold the property not for himself and another. => A trust is called as Public Trust when it is constituted wholly or mainly for t he benefit of Public at large, in other words beneficiaries in the Public trust cons
titute a body which is incapable of ascertainment. => The Public trusts are essentially charitable or religious trusts and are governe d by the general Law. The provisions of Indian Trusts Act do not apply on Publi c Trusts. => A trust for the benefit of certain private individuals, and not for the general p ublic is called private trust. => public trust is for the benefit of society and is eligible for tax deduction unde r section 11 and 13 where unanymous donation is exempt unless 75% is used fo r charitable purpose and private trust is an individual trust intentionally made fo r d benefit of any particular individual.
# # Janet Yellen ? => first woman who sworn in as the chairperson of federal reserve board of gov ernors.....feb 3, 2014.....an american economist
# # there is a recent news about Gravitational force ..some findings by scientists .. tell abt it ? => Scientists observed gravitational waves in southern hole outside the galaxy .. .these waves are tremors from the Big Bang ...thus shows that the universe is stil l expanding.
# # Recent news from Ukraine ? => Russian soldiers have covered ukarine navy and president of ukarine has allo wed soldiers to use weapons for defence after the death of a soldier. It's denied t o the polling in creamia.
# # Which important rivers originate in Rajasthan ? => Luni , Jhelam , chambal, banas & luni river
# # where are green turtles found in India ...and what is there status ?
Ans - In India, a large number of green turtles used to be captured in the waters of th e Gulf of Mannar and off the coast of Tamil Nadu until the Wildlife Protection Act wa s enforced in 1972. Occurs mostly around maharashtra coast and the sea coast of goa... They are protected under Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act: Schedule I and listed as en dangered according to IUCN Red list....
# # How do Hailstorms occur ? => The solar energy lifts up the surface moisture to the higher level which devel ops hailstone. The moisture is lifted in the atmosphere and as it goes up to one kilometer vertic al, it gets condensed and clouds are formed. => If it is lifted upward further up to four kilometers, the temperature goes to ze ro degree Celsius but the water does not freeze in the atmosphere and it is called as super cool water. the super cool water starts accumulating on the small partic les and it forms ice. => If the iced particles goes further upwards, up to nearly six kilometers in the a tmosphere, the particles takes shape of hailstone. => Till this time, the particles and the moisture has upward movement but after it takes the form of a hailstone, it starts coming down to the surface due to the w eight of the hailstone and we experience hailstorm.
# # What is FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act)? Why was it enacted ? Explain.
=> The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) is a 1999 Indian law "to c onsolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the orderly developm ent and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India". => It was passed in the winter session of Parliament in 1999, replacing the Forei gn Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). This act seeks to make offenses related to foreign exchange civil offenses. => It extends to the whole of India.,replacing FERA, which had become incomp atible with the pro-liberalisation policies of the Government of India. => It enabled a new foreign exchange management regime consistent with the e merging framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). => It is another matter that the enactment of FEMA also brought with it the Pre vention of Money Laundering Act of 2002, which came into effect from 1 July 2005. => Unlike other laws where everything is permitted unless specifically prohibite d, under this act everything was prohibited unless specifically permitted. Hence the tenor and tone of the Act was very drastic. => It required imprisonment even for minor offences. Under FERA a person wa s presumed guilty unless he proved himself innocent.
# # Fabian Society ? => The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to ad vance the principles of socialism via gradualist and reformist means. The societ y laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected th e policies of states emerging from the decolonisation of the British Empire, mos t notably India. # # Ivor Jennings ? => English Jurist who commented on our constitution by saying "Indian constit
ution is heaven for advocates".
# # Why should Gorkhaland state not be formed ? Give answer in particula rity with Gorkhaland rather than a genralised one ! => 1.a group of nepalese immigrants have settled in an Indian region over gener ations and they have now start demanding a separate state.but by that logic,tom morow bangladeshi in assam will begin doing the same..so not to open pandora box in dealing with this issue... => 2.exploitation of other ethnic groups could be possible... => 3.some nepali nationalists shows gorkhaland as the part of greater nepal.in fu ture,may be a kind of seccessionist movement could be there... => 4..it is door for the entry of north east...disturbance could be strategically har mful.. => .5.north east India consists of hundreds of ethnic groups.it could led to dema nd of many smaller states.. => There are some genuine grievances of the people living there one the lack of infrastructure (particularly education) and influx of Bangladeshi immigrants... T his must be looked after by the govt. of West Bengal. => because here there is no demand of development.........development cannot ta ke place on js dividing on the basis of identity.......their demand of creating a ter ritory called gorkhaland is for gorkhas but not for the development issues.......mi xing development and identity is the main motive of the particular ru
# # Which should be made the capital of Seemandra ....give reasons to supp ort ur choice ? => If Chattisgarh being a BJP ruled state can build naya Raipur, then Semandhr a with the blessings of Congress high command and so many MP's should not h ave any problems regarding fund allocation..... Best solution would be to select a barren land and start from scratch......
=> earlier when Assam was bifurcated, capital was temporarily shifted to Guwa hati but was scheduled to be shifted to somewhere in central Assam, Tezpur pro bably, but Guwahati locals vehemently opposed the move and thus Guwahati no w faces all sorts of civic problem, water logging, narrow roads, unplanned const ruction...... => Chattisgarh's Naya Raipur was too built from scratch and is now a wonderful city there r many possible alternatives like vizag..khammam..ongole...vijaywada but the most feasible thing to do is to develop any of these as capital but at the same tym develop other cities as satellite towns as that would on one hand lead to eq uitable development and also help solve exessive urbanisation in one capital cit y.... => vishakhapatnam...on sea coast and infrastructure is already sound => Vijayawada. Because a capital may have an international airport(gannavara m, planned to be made), an IT park (near Jaggaiahpeta, planned to be made), an Railway Hub, Road Hub, Industrial Hub, Agricultural Hub(Optional), most pro bably vast area to construct Assembly, High court, Secretariat, etc...(Vast lands at guntur area). So I think this is sufficient.
# # Currency of Ukraine and Russia ? => Hryvnia nd Ruble...
# # An agreement has been signed between Crimea and Russia ...giv d details o f the clauses of this agreement.. => Two federl entities Sevastopol and Creamean Tartar banenge...official lang Ukrainean Russia aur koi ek hai woh banegi ...ukrainean Russian citizen bnte ha i automticlly lekin if they wanna retun to Ukraine they cn do so in one month .. In Crimea - for next 3 year , currency apply here same as ukrain,
# # What was Wardha Plan of Gandhiji ??? => 1. Free and compulsory education to be provided for 7 years at a nationwide scale. => 2. Mother tongue should be the medium of instruction. => 3. Through out this period of 7 years,the education should be around some fo rms of manual and productive work and for this purpose a handicraft must be ch osen , based upon the environment of the child. => 4. This system would generate the remuneration of the teachers.. it was not j ust the plan of education but the philosphy of life
# # United East India Company jo india me aayi woh kis desh ki thi ? => Holland # # Smallest District in India ? => mahe
# # hw does Ukraine crisis impact India/...giv a sector wise analysis => In defence sector , India has signed a Defence deal with Ukraine and if it is merged into Russia , the deal might stand cancelled . => Ukraine is Indias second largest trading partner in the Commonwealth of In dependent States after Russia. In 2012-13,nIndias total trade with Ukraine was $3.18 billion. Exports of pharmaceuticals from India were $154 million in 2012 -13 , which is about 30 per cent of Indias total exports to Ukraine..... => .Thoug h industry has staved off the immediate fallout of the crisis in Ukraine, it is worr ied that if the trend continues, the price of imported products in Ukraine will be come expensive. The higher landed cost will ultimately affect the end- consume r. ... => it means dat, we as pharma exporte will be at gains,or since we are more frei ndly with russia our pharma export may suffer.
=> Notable is that Ukraine is large exporter of wheat and grain, due to fallout, I ndia has a opportunity to sell its stock with some chunk of profits, and as this is what GOI is doing in Singapore and Malasian market
# # Himalayan Quail ? => species was known from only 2 locations (and 12 specimens) in the western Himalayas in Uttarakhand, north-west India.They were seen in patches of tall gr ass.
# # which Mughal Emperor stopped engravations of Kalma on coins ? => Aurangazeb
# # What is the utility of Ad hoc bodies? Explain with special reference to the f unctioning of Ad hoc committees in Indian parliament. => Ad hoc bodies created for purpose specific period.. this are there expediate t he functioning of the parliament.. => parliament has two types of committees, ad hoc committees and standing co mmittees..committee are formed by the speaker and are given that power throug h legislation. the suggestion of the body are only advisory in nature so the report may not accepted in the parliament.. so its nt productive..
# # What is the Steady State Theory of Origin of Universe ? => Its always expanding but maintaining a constant average density, matter bein g continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate.. => its theory gave by Sir James Jeans in 1920 and revised 1948 by Herman Bon
di and Thomas Gold. # # The Stars closer to the horizon appear to twinkle more than stars that are overhead ...why ? => The lyt cmng frm star near horizon has to travel greater distance hence more refraction n more # # the largest asteroid in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter ? => cere... It is a dwarf planet, and the only one in the inner solar system
# # WHY DO STARS twinkle?? => Coz d amount of light entering our eyes though changing n different layers o f atmosphere varies n thus flickers ...n produces a twinkling effect
## Whats the difference between regular planets and dwarf planets? => regular planets follows the general definitions of the planets like definite orb it or structure or formation but dwarfs are not in this category => regular planets and dwarf planets have one big difference that dwarf planet i ntersect the Orbit of neighbouring planet,,,while reglar planets dont
# # What is Kuiper Belt ? => belt in which Dwarf planets are present (outside the neptune orbit)
# # What is the Pulsating Theory of Origin of Universe ? => according to it ,,universe expands and contracts alternatively ,,,,at present it i s expanding,,
# # SEBI aur IRDA me beech me filhaal kya vivad chal raha hai ? => ULIPS(unit linked insurance plan scheme), a scheme whic provides benefit f both insurance nd investment under a singl integratd plan => SEBI claims dat its bein f an invstmnt contnt ,it shld b undr purview f it.... bt d IRDA claims dat itz bein a matter f insurance it shld b under it... => the disput arosd wen SEBI cancelled 14insurers...and den wit d intervention f FM ,both watchdogs r to settle d dispute in a appropriate court maintainin d sat tus quo til d dispute s resolvd...
# # India's first heritage transport museum ? =>Gurgaon... Main attraction is Vintage cars
# # Dr. Abhay Bhang => a paediatrician known for reducing the infant mortality rate in in the poorest areas of country. this is the man who has revolutionised healthcare for the poore st people in India and who has overseen a programme that has sent infant mortal ity rates plummeting in one of the most poverty-stricken areas of the world. => Medical experts now believe that Dr Bang's radical beliefs hold the key to ta ckling the myriad endemic health problems that blight the developing word. => It is a particularly fitting moniker for a man who has dedicated his life to tur ning medical orthodoxy on its head. Instead of accepting the traditional hospital -based treatment model, Dr Bang has spent the last 26 years training up local vo
lunteers in Gadchiroli, one of the most deprived districts in the Indian state of M aharashtra, to treat simple maladies at home. => The World Health Organisation and Unicef have recently endorsed his appro ach to treating newborn babies and the programme is currently being rolled out t o parts of africa
# # Solan in Himachal Pradesh is famous for ? => Pharmaceuticals, automobile , vast mushroom farming & bulk production of tomatoes..
# # What is a Shell Company => A shell corporation is a company which serves as a vehicle for business trans actions without itself having any significant assets or operations
# # How is Fabian Socialism differnt frm Marxist Socialism ? => In Marxist theory, socialism (also called lower-stage communism or the soci alist mode of production) refers to a specific historical phase of economic devel opment and its corresponding set of social relations that supersede capitalism in the schema of historical materialism. whereas fabian socialism is socialism with many reforms and changes
# # Dr Ram Manohar Lohia => a socialist ,,founder of Congress socialist party,,,anti congressian,,supporter of Hindi language,,
# # 1947 me jo Hyderabad tha uske Nizam ka kya naam tha ? => meer usmaan ali kha # # Give basic Idea abt Marxian Economics => Karl marxs is well known for his theory of dilatical material materialism.he believed in socialitic thought of economy he want state to controle all economic resourses => All authorities being under govt. Fixed M.S.p => Collective state control of all means of production.... no indivudual means of production or enterprise as it will lead to exploitation of the proliteriate (working class) eventually.
# # Marshall Plan => to rebuild Europe from the destruction of WW 2, Marshall was the command er of Allied Forces during this war. => The Marshall Plan generated a resurgence of European industrialization and brought extensive investment into the region. It was also a stimulant to the U.S. economy by establishing markets for American goods. => Although the participation of the Soviet Union and East European nations w as an initial possibility, Soviet concern over potential U.S. economic dominatio n of its Eastern European satellites and Stalins unwillingness to open up his sec ret society to westerners doomed the idea. => Furthermore, it is unlikely that the U.S. Congress would have been willing t o fund the plan as generously as it did if aid also went to Soviet Bloc Communis t nations. => Thus the Marshall Plan was applied solely to Western Europe, precluding an y measure of Soviet Bloc cooperation. => Increasingly, the economic revival of Western Europe, especially West Ger many, was viewed suspiciously in Moscow.
As a tribute to our nation we present 15 rare facts about our motherland that we should be proud of. So here it goes -------------------------------------------------------------------------0. Indian origin 96-year old, Randall Butisingh, now a Florida resident is the wo rlds oldest blogger (age). He runs a popular blog http://randallbutisingh.wordpr ess.com 1. Pepsico, the $43-billion beverages and snacks company, had its annu al global meet in India for the first time, in 2009.This was the second time this meeting was held outside US. Last time it was in Mexico. 2. To ensure timely payment of wages to workers under the National Rural Emp loyment Guarantee Act (NREGA), more than two crores worth of saving bank a ccounts have been opened in banks and post offices across the country. This is t he largest number of bank accounts linked to a development programme across t he globe. 3. Volunteers in Dungarpur, India planted 600,000 trees in 24 hours under the g uidance of Indian Forestry Service which is a world record. 4. Reliance Group of Companies in India has the maximum number of sharehol ders in the world. 5. State Bank of India has the maximum number of branches in the world. 6. Dr M.C. Modi holds the world record for performing maximum eye operation s @ 40 operations per hour. 7. With 1,300.000 active personnel and 1,800,000 reserve ones, the Indian Arm y is the worlds second largest army in terms of military personne l, and the larg est in terms of active manpower. 8. The largest reflecting telescope of Asia is in Kavalur Observatory (India).It is an indigenously built 93 inch telescope. 9. The economy of India is the twelfth largest economy in the world by nominal value and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).It is the worlds s econd-fastest growing major economy. 10. Apart from these quantitative figures, qualitatively India has been the world leader in culture, ethics, religion, humanity since the very inception of humanity on earth. World is slowly realising the importance of these values. 11. India has the second largest network of paved highways, after the U.S.
12. Nearly 49% of the high-tech start-ups in silicon Valley and W ashington, D. C. are owned by Indians or Indian-Americans. 13. India sends more students to U.S. colleges than any country in the world. In 2004-2005, over 80,000 Indian students entered the U.S. China sent only 65,000 students during the same time. 14. The name Bharat is derived from the name o f the legendary king Bharata in Hindu scriptures. Bharata conquered all of Great er India, uniting it into a single entity which was named after him as Bhratavar a. Bharatas empire covered all of the Indian subcontinent, Bactria, Uzbekistan , Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgistan, Turkmenistan, andPersia
Black Revolution - Petroleum Production

Blue Revolution - Fish Production Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production Golden Fibre Revolution - Jute Production Golden Revolution - Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production Green Revolution - Search, development and technology Grey Revolution - Fertilizer Revolution Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production Round Revolution - Potato Revolution Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton Revolution Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production White Revolution - Milk/Dairy production (In India - Operation Flood) Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds production Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture
# # Largest monolithic Nandi in India ? => The monolithic "Nandi" sculpture which is said to be the biggest monolithic Nandi in India, is synonymous with Lepakshi. => It is 4.5 m high and 8.23m long. The big granite bull is on the main road, abo
ut 200 metres from the temple. => It has been positioned such that it faces the shivalinga shielded by a huge ser pent inside the temple. Said to be the second largest monolith in India, afterGo mateshwara, the Nandi sports a huge kaasu malai, a bell chain, earrings and othe r jewellery.
# # Describe Santhali as a language ! => Santhali language is chiefly spoken by more than six million people of the c ountry. It is also spoken in neighbouring countries of India like Nepal, Banglade sh and Bhutan. => In India, this language of the Austro-Asiatic language family is spoken in the states of Assam,Bihar,Jharkhand,West Bengal,Orissa and Tripura. Santhali lan guage is mainly spoken by the Santal tribal community. => This tribal community is the largest tribal community of the country and the people of this tribal community are considered as quite backward. Most of the p eople of Santal tribal community work in coal mines or steel factories of Jamshe dpur and Asansol. => Santhali language is basically a dialect of Munda Tribe. => Santhali Language is a tribal language that is mainly spoken by the people of Santhal tribal community. => This language belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language group. Santhali langua ge uses Devanagari script.
# # Culture has three dimensions.. Which r they ? => Cognitive , Normative And Material ! => Cognitive -Refers to how we learn the process so as to give it meaning(identi fying the ring of cell phones as hours,recongnising the cartoon of a politician) => Normative - this refers to rule of conduct(not openings peoples letter perfor ming rituals at death
=> Material - This includes any activity made possible by means of materials,m aterials also include tools or machines . (internet chatting using rice flour paste t o design kolam on floors , cars etc
# # Folk songs of Madhya Pradesh ? => Pandavani,lotha. karma
# # Bundu Khan ..who is this personality ? => ustat bundu khan(1880 -1955)was born in delhi in a famili of musician he re cived his early tranning in sarangi from his father.he awarded the pride of perfor mance by goverment of pakistan # # Shudraka ? => Shudraka was an Indian King. Three Sanskrit plays are ascribed to him Mric chakatika (The Little Clay Cart), Vinavasavadatta, and a bhana (short one-act m onologue), Padmaprabhritaka # # Bhand Pather => Bhand Pather is a bhand of the Kashmir region in which stories commemora ting the lives of reshis (Islamic sages, or rishis) or more contemporary real or fic tional figures are enacted. => The storylines (or pathers) are often humorous and satirical, and farce is an e ssential component of the plays. => It is a kashmiri folk drama which incorporates mythological legends as well as social and political satire and the performers are called bhands # # Who founded the Madhyamika school of Buddhism ?
=> Nagarjuna # # Dasasvamedha Ghat ? => Ancient Ghat in Varanasi where according to Hindu mythology, Brahma per formed sacrifice of 10 horses . # # Vaishno devi temple is dedicated to which three goddess => Saraswathi, Kali and Lekshmi
# # Vikramshila and Buddhism ...write 20 words => Vikramshila, one of the most important centres of Buddhist learning establis hed under the Pala dynasty was the second in line to Nalanda University. Establi shed by Dharmapala, it followed Vajrayana.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhus influence on Literature ? => Siksastakam - Eight verses of instruction ; base on which the philosophy of Gaudiya Vaishnavism is built. => He was great devotee of shri krishna and he introduced 'sankirtan' and he als o opened a sanskrit academy navdveep,..
# # .Indian batik ? => Though batik is believed to have its roots in Java, this approximately 2000 y r old form of fabric painting is popular in India as well. Its a part of the Indian h andloom industry. Though no solid evidence of use of Batik painting is found in ancient India, the paintings in Ajanthacaves depicts head wraps and garments w hich could well have been batik.
# # Jai Vigyan Mission => Soon after Shastri took over the prime ministership of India after Nehru's de ath, India was attacked by Pakistan. At the same time there was scarcity of food grains in country. => Shastri gave the slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kisan to enthuse the soldiers to defend India and simultaneously cheering farmers to do their best to increase the produ ction of food grains to reduce dependence on import. It became a very popular s logan. => After Pokaran tests in 1998 Atal Bihari Vajpayee added Jai Vigyan (Hail kn owledge) to the slogan to underline the importance of knowledge in India' progr ess. => During the acceptance speech of Sunil Bharti Mittal delivered at Teen Murti Bhavan on 15 December 2009 after receiving 10th Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award from President of India, the Director of Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, Delhi Dr Kailash Chandra Mishra restated the slogan as Jai Jawan ! Jai Kissan! Jai Vigyan! Jai Vidwan! => Jai Vidwan means "hail the learned" to signify knowledge working as the dri ver of India's current break away growth. it includes technology mission ...mean ing The fruits of the research and products must reach the common people to ful fil many of their basic minimum needs.food and national security
# # Seringpatanam => Is a town in mandya district of d Indian state of Karnataka.. Located near d c ity of Mysore it is of great religious cultural & historical importance..... mysore capital during tipu sultan
# # Hojagiri ?
=> Folk dance performed in Tripura.. It is performed by young girls balancing o n earthen pitcher & managing other props such as a bottle on head..
# # Zeliang dance => folk dance of nagaland.
# # Udaygiri caves ? => located at vidisha in M.P. # # Folk dances of Rajasthan ? => Apart from Ghumar and Jhumar, 'Dandia' 'Rasiya', 'Dhol' 'Dance of Matkas ( pitchers)', 'Dance of swords', 'Dance of Snake Charmers' and 'Dances of Kalbeli as' are also important dances of Rajasthan. => GHOOMERThis is basically a community dance for women and performed on auspicious occasions. = > The famous 'ghoomar', Rajasthan's popular dance gets its name from 'ghoomna', the graceful gyrating, which displays the spectacu lar colours of the flowing 'ghaghra', the long skirt of the Rajasthani women.
# # Warli Paintings... 5 marker => The Warli s or Varli s are an indigenous tribe or Adivasis, living in Mountai nous as well as coastal areas of Maharashtra -Gujarat border and surrounding ar eas.Their mural paintings are similar to those done between 500 and 10,000 BC E in the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka , in Madhya Pradesh. => Their extremely rudimentary wall paintings use a very basic graphic vocabul ary: a circle, a triangle and a square.Their paintings were monosyllbic. => The circle and triangle come from their observation of nature, the circle repr esenting the sun and the moon, the triangle derived from mountains and pointed
trees. Only the square seems to obey a different logic and seems to be a human i nvention, indicating a sacred enclosure or a piece of land. So the central motive in each ritual painting is the square, known as the "chauk" or "chaukat", mostly of two types: Devchauk and Lagnachauk . Inside a Devchauk , we find Palaghat a, the mother goddess, symbolizing fertility. => Significantly, male gods are unusual among the Warli and are frequently rela ted to spirits which have taken human shape. => The central motif in these ritual paintings is surrounded by scenes portraying hunting, fishing and farming, festivals and dances, trees and animals => Human and animal bodies are represented by two triangles joined at the tip; the upper triangle depicts the trunk and the lower triangle the pelvis. => Their precarious equilibrium symbolizes the balance of the universe, and of t he couple, and has the practical and amusing advantage of animating the bodies. => The pared down pictorial language is matched by a rudimentary technique. T he ritual paintings are usually done inside thE huts..
# # Author of Saraswatichandra => Govardhanram Madhavaram Tripathi
# # Rashtrakuta Art.. => The Dravidian or Pallava style was adopted by the Rashtrakuta Rulers also a s can be seen in the famous Kailash Temple at Ellora near Aurangabad (Mahara shtra). There are three groups of rock cut temples in Ellora Buddhist, Jain and Brahmanical. => The Kailash Temple is a marvelous piece of rock architecture and sculpture. It was built by the Rashtrakuta King Krishna 1 in the 8th Century A.D. A compl ete hillside has been separated from a range of mountains and a huge temple exc avated out of it. => The main temple is supported on the backs of elephants. The Shikhara is ela
borately carved. The temple has an entrance gateway, a Nandi shrine and five ot her shrines surrounding the courtyard. => The main shrine has a large hall with beautifully carved pillars and a pyrami dal Dravidian Shikhara. Beautiful sculptures of Hindu Gods and Goddesses, epi sodes from the Epics and Puranas adorn the temple. The Dasavatara gallery sho wing the ten incarnations of Vishnu is a masterpiece of architecture . => There are a number of caves excavated from the hill sides around the templ e which contain large halls with images of Hindu Gods. => The cave temples on the island of Elephants near Bombay were also built by the Rashtrakuta Rulers. => The main cave temple belonging to the brahminical group of cave temples is dedicated to Shiva and is noted for its fine sculpture. => The temple has a large mandapa supported on twenty pillars on the peripher y. Flights of steps lead to it from the courtyards in front and at the back. => The temple is famous for the huge Trimurti depicting the three aspects of the Supreme Creator, Preserver and Destroyer. On the southern side is a smaller ca ve temple of Durga.
# # Gupta period architecture
=> The Gupta period for the most part was relatively aniconic and inartistic until after the death of Skandagupta, after which Indian artists created some of their finest works. Magnificent palaces and temples contained the highest quality sculpture an d paintings . Classical forms of music and dance , created under the Guptas , are still practiced today all over Asia . => Wall paintings===> There are more than 30 Buddhist shri nes and monasteries in the Ajanta hills. The walls of many of t
hese were decorated with colourful frescoes, or wall paintings. This was fashion that continued for hundreds of years. The pa intings show scenes from the life of the Buddha , and other de votional subjects. => Cave shrines===> Many of the Buddhist cave-shrines in w estern India were cut out of the cliffs - a task which must have taken years of labour with the simple tools the Guptas used. T he cave-shrines are dark but beautifully decorated with sculpt ures and paintings .
Hoysala architecture => Hoysala architecture is the building style developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th cent uries, in the region known today as Karnataka , a state of India . => Hoysala influence was at its peak in the 13th century, whe n it dominated the Southern Deccan Plateau region. Large and small temples built during this era remain as examples of the Hoysala architectural style, including the Chennakesava Temp le at Belur, the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu, and the Ke sava Temple at Somanathapura. => Other examples of fine Ho ysala craftsmanship are the temples at Belavadi, Amruthapura , Hosaholalu , Mosale, Arasikere , Basaralu , Kikkeri and Nu
ggehalli .
# # Cobalt 60 is used in Radiation theraphy because it emit s? => gamma rays ......
# # What is Nicol's prism ..utility ? => Crystals used as Optical polarisers...... that is, it converts al l unpolarised beam into a single polarised beam of light. => A prism that converts ordinary light into polarised light i.e the light that travels in a same place..
# # Hunter Commission ? => Hunter commission jallianwallah bagh massacre and hunte r report under time of ripon for education # # What is the relation between density and speed of sound ? => velocity is inversely proportional to squareroot of the densi ty of sound in which its propagating => c^2=(change in pressure)/(change in density) at constant e
ntropy... => speed of sound is inversely proportional to density .. => During moisture der is less density ....lesser the density mo re the speed
# # False Fruit ? => The fruits that develop from the ovary r true fruits, wherea s some may develop from other floral parts of plant such as th alamus or receptacle........such fruits r called false fruits. => pear, apple are example of false fruit because they are deve lof from thalamus..
# # In rainy season ... Sound of Siren of train is more clear er than other season..why ? => because velocity of sound increases when moisture in atm osphere increases density decreases due to presence of moisture. => As velocity is inversley proportional to sqrt of density so it increases the spped increses bcause with moisture comes othe r particles which bcom suspended in atmosphrre and it results in better propagation of sound waves....rather density increses
# # Longest cell in the body ? => motor neuron.4.5 feet or 1.37 metre in length.
# # Yellow milk => commonly related to the diet that that cow is on. Grass is t he most common diet that will turn milk (and fat) yellow, due to a compound in the grass that makes it green called Caroten e. => Carotene is a kind of plant-steriod that makes plants the vi brant colours they are, and this carries through the body of the grazer that eats these plants. Carotene mostly affects the colo ur of fat. => Since milk is comprised of around 3.5% milk fat, a dairy c ow that is grass-fed tends to produce yellow milk, over a dairy cow that is not grass-fed and fed primarily a mix of hay, silag e and grain. => This is also reflected in grass-fed beef cattle. Such cattle, when slaughtered, have yellowish fat. This is because of the c arotene affecting the colouration of the adipose tissue.
# # We find Negative Temperature Coefficient in ? => thermistor
# #Name some tribes from Eurasian Tundra... => Nenets, Enets , Selkup, and Nganasan
# # Cash management bill => Very short -maturity bills that the Treasury occasionally se lls because its cash balances are down and it needs money for a few days. => GOI recently introduced CMBs to supplement other short-t erm cash raising measures, including ways & means advances and treasury bills. => The new bill will allow the government to raise finance on ly when it needs and avoid holding excess cash for longer dur ation.
# # Which r the taxes which cn b levied by Panchayat Samiti ?

=> taxes levied upon land and water usage, professional taxes, liquor taxes and others # # Contributions of Krishnadevaraya to the Vijayanagara architecture ? => Two notable contributions are => One of the splendid temples of the time is the famous Hara sa Rama Temple at Vijayanagar built in the reign of Krishna Deva Raya (1509-1550 A.D.). => It is considered to be one of the most perfect specimen of Hindu Temple architecture. => The temple does not have a gopuram. The four central pill ars are finely polished and decorated with beautiful sculptures , Panels of the entire life of Rama and episodes from the Ram ayana are delicately sculptured on the exterior of the temple. => The temple of Vithala also in Vijayanagar dedicated to Vis hnu is another gigantic structure started by Krishna Deva Ray a in 16th century AD. => A large well built complex, it is on the pattern of the south ern temples. It has axial mandapas and small shrines and gopu rams. => It has a highly ornamented main mandap with intricate pict ure compositions painted on the ceiling. This shows that the ar t of sculpture and painting had attained a very high degree of e xcellence during that period.
=> The typical lofty gopuram is covered with excellent sculpt ures. => Other features of the temple are the exquisitely carved pill ars and the massive solid granite rathas with three huge wheel s in the open courtyard.
## Which personality was associated with newspaper Sudh arak ? => Gopal ganesh agarkar => GK Gokhale associated with Hitavad # # Social Srvice League .. => narayan malhar joshi # # During freedom struggle ....Vidyut Vahini ? => Armed revolt or gurila warriors organised bt Satish Chandr a Samanta, an Indian independence movement activist ..
# # What is Urs in Islam ?
=> Urs ( literally "wedding") is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint in South Asia , usually held at the saint's dargah (shrine or tomb). South Asian Sufis are mainly Chishtiyya , and refer to their saints as lovers of God, the beloved. => The death of a Sufi saint is regarded as wisaal (union with the beloved), and the death anniversary is celebrated as a wed ding anniversary. => Urs rituals are generally performed by the custodians of th e shrine, and usually include the singing of religious music su ch as qawwali . => The Urs of Moinuddin Chishti at Dargah Sharif in Ajmer a ttracts more than 400,000 devotees each year.
# # What is the basic theme of the Sankhya Philosophy ? => Salvation from the inner of oneself and nothing like transm igration of soul (no-rebirth belief system).
# # Where is Zurich and hw this place is associated wit Ind ia freedom struggle ? => Zurich is in Switzerland. Pro-India committee formed and heaquartered there .. Lala Hardayal and Chempakaraman Pilla i were the pioneers.
# # Wood's Dispatch => 1867 ... the plan of educating Indians after the so called re volt and queen also willing the same ... Charles Wood came u p with an education plan for making Indians educated and a pr omise of fulfilling their theory of Social evolution. This Sche ma is named as Charles Wood's Plan or Wood's Dispatch.
# # Ravi Verma nd his contributions to the world of painti ngs ? => Raja Ravi Varma (1848 1906) was an Indian artist from t he princely state of Travancore (presently in Kerala) who achi eved recognition for his depiction of scenes from the epics of t he Mahabharata and Ramayana . => His paintings are considered to be among the best example s of the fusion of Indian traditions with the techniques of Euro pean academic art. => Varma is most remembered for his paintings of sari -clad women portrayed as shapely and graceful. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on South Indian women, whom he consider ed beautiful.
=> Ravi Varma is particularly noted for his paintings depictin g episodes from the story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala , and Nala and Damayanti, from the Mahabharata. Ravi Varma's rep resentation of mythological characters has become a part of th e Indian imagination of the epics. => He is often criticised for being too showy and sentimental i n his style. However his work remains very popular in India. His many fabulous paintings are available at Laxmi Vilas Pala ce of Vadodara..
# # Uttaramimansa is based on ? => Teachings of Upanishads were brought out in Vedanta whi ch states that - Jagat(Universe),Jiva(Soul) and Brahmana(Supr eme) are being related as Jiva is trapped into Jagat and the wo rldy pursuits making the essence of Karma. => The ultimate aim is getting rid of this vicious cycle and the attinment of the path directed to the Brahmana: and so the ulti mate is salvation ( Moksha).
# # Blue Baby ? Itz a type of Congenital disease

=> Blue baby syndrome.. Caused bcz of nitrates in water => its heart disease ..... may holes in heart.... baby's face; lips becomes blue => Methemoglobinemia disease in babies , cause of high quan tities of NITRATES in water, food ..... => Also known as ventricular septal deffect in which aorta is s lightly displaced and recieves blood from both ventricls due to which a mixture of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flows through body.... its effact is most prominent on face and lips especially due to not so deeply situated arteries. => its called blue baby syndrome becoz of the deoxygenated b lood wch get mixed up wid the oxygenated bld and drops the l evel of oxygen in arteries (rembr veins look blue as they hv de oxygenated bld) causing the condition calld cyanosis..whch m eans bluish discoloration of skiin. # # Jaundice causes infection in ? => Its liver # # Difference between Fluorescence and Phosphorescence ? * When light is supplied to a sample of molecules, we immedi ately see the fluorescence. Fluorescence stops as soon as we take away the light source.
But phosphorescence tends to stay little longer even after the i rradiating light source is removed. Fluorescence takes place when excited energy is released, an d the molecule comes back to the ground state from the single t-excited stage. Phosphorescence takes place when a molecule is coming back to the ground state form the triplet excited stat e (metastable state). The energy released in the fluorescence process is higher tha n that in the phosphorescence. In fluorescence, the absorbed amount of energy is released b ack but, in phosphorescence, released energy is lower than wh at is absorbed.
# # Lachrymal gland kya secrete krta hai aur woh kidhar hota hai?? => The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. Th ey are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit , in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit formed by the frontal bone. => Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenit is . The lacrimal gland produces tears which then flow into ca nals that lead to the lacrimal sac . => From this sac, the tears drain through the lacrimal duct into
the nose.
# # 1929 Royal Commission was for ? => On the Fourth of July 1929 the Imperial Government of Britain co nstituted the first Royal Commission of Labour in India with the expr ess mandate to enquire into and report on the existing conditions of L abour in Industrial undertakings and plantations in British India. => The Royal Commission of 1929 was the first of a series of such co mmission of labour with similar mandates held afterwards i.e., the La bour Investigation Committee- 1946, the National Commission of Lab our ( 1967-69), Shramshakti: The National Commission on Women in Informal Sector 1987- 88 and the National Commission on Rural Lab our (1986-1991). => The series of reports generated by the commission along with their voluminous evidence , records of direct observations and enquiries an d memorandum submitted by industrialists, labour unions, individuals etc provides the most comprehensive record of the changing conditio ns of work and workers since the last seventy years of industrial histor y of India. => They are by far the most important source for understanding the lo ng term changes in structure of industrial relations in India as also the best indicators of evolution of state policy on labour in India.
# # Riboflavin
=> also known as vitamin B 2 is an easily absorbed colored micronutr ient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and other animal s. => It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN , and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. As such, vitamin B 2 is requir ed for a wide variety of cellular processes. => It plays a key role in energy metabolism, and for the metabolism o f fats , ketone bodies , carbohydrates , and proteins. => Milk , cheese , leaf vegetables , liver , kidneys, legumes , yeast, m ushrooms, and almonds are good sources of vitamin B 2.
# # C. Rajagopalachari's formula (or C. R. formula or Rajaji formula ) => a proposal formulated by Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari to solve t he political deadlock between the All India Muslim League and India n National Congress on independence of India from the British . => The League's position was that the Muslims and Hindus of British India were of two separate nations and hence the Muslims had the rig ht to their own nation when India obtained independence. => The Congress, which included both Hindu and Muslim members, was opposed to the idea of partitioning India. With the advent of Seco nd World War British administration required both parties to agree so that Indian help could be sought for the war efforts. # # Baba Ram Chandra (born 1864) => an Indian trade unionist who organised the farmers of Oudh , Indi a into forming a united front to fight against the abuses of landlords in
the 1920s and 1930s. => He was also an influential figure in the history of Fiji , and owed h is inspiration to take up the cause of the down-trodden to his 12 years as an indentured labourer in Fiji and to his efforts to end the indenture system. => His real name was Shridhar Balwant Jodhpurkar. He was a Brahmi n, of Maharashtrian origin. => He left for Fiji as an indentured labourer in 1904 after changing hi s name to Ram Chandra Rao in order to conceal his identity as a Brah min, since Brahmins were not preferred as indentured labourers.
# # Shankaracharya hill => is situated in the Zabarwan Mountain in Srinagar, Kashmir . It is d edicated to Lord Shiva .
# # Foundation of Hindu Mela = Hindu Mela was founded in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra. The Hindu Mela was also known as the Chaitra Mela. => In 1866, the National Paper published the Prospectus of a Society f or the Promotion of National Feeling among the Educated Natives of Bengal by Rajnarayan Basu . => Inspired by this booklet Nabagopal Mitra founded the Hindu Mela and the National Society. => He requested Jyotirindranath Tagore to recite poems he composed at the Hindu Mela. Young Narendranath used to visit the Hindu Mela.
=>At the Hindu Mela, Nabagopal Mitra laid much emphasis on gymn astics, wrestling and other traditional sports. In 1868, he opened a gy mnastic school at his own residence, which he named National Gymn asium.
# # Isotones => isotone, any of two or more species of atoms or nuclei that have th e same number of neutrons. Thus, chlorine-37 and potassium-39 are is otones, because the nucleus of this species of chlorine consists of 17 p rotons and 20 neutrons, whereas the nucleus of this species of potassi um contains 19 protons and 20 neutrons.
# # Bhitargaon is knwn for ? => Bhitargaon is a town in Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh , India , kno wn for its ancient Hindu temple . => The Bhitargaon Temple is a terraced brick building fronted with a terracotta panel. Built in the 6th century during the Gupta Empire , it i s the oldest remaining terracotta Hindu shrine with a roof and a high S ikhara, though its upper chamber did sustain some damage in the 18th century.
# # Pillar of Samudragupta's victory ? => Allahabad Stone Pillar Inscription of Samudra Gupta is writings in
stone pillar during the term of King Samudra Gupta located in Allaha bad which mentioned events during his tenure in and around his empir e. => The main source of Samudragupta's history is an inscription engra ved on one of the rocks edicts found in Kausambi (near present day A llahabad). In this inscription Samudragupta details his conquests. => Written on this inscription is, "whose most charming body was co vered over with all the beauty of the marks of a hundred confuse wou nds caused by the blows of battle axes, arrows, spears, pikes, swords, lances, javelines".
# # Birthplace of Parsvanath ? => Varanasi, (kashi)
# # Barada Nati ? => Barada Nati folk dance is a popular dance of Jaunsar Bhawar area of Chakrata Tehsil in Dehradun district. The folk dance is performed on the eve of some religious festivals or on the occasion of some socia l functions. Both boys and girls take part in the dance dressed with col ourful traditional costumes.
# # Describe Balakot as a Harappan site => Balakot is in Mansehra District in the province Hazara , Pakistan => During excavation there found the Earliest evidence of furnace , se
aport
# # Who wrote Shahnama ? => The Shahnameh or Shah-nama ( Persian: "The Book of Kings") is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Iran (Persia) and the Persianspeaking world. => Consisting of some 50,000 verses, the Shahnameh tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of the Persian empire f rom the creation of the world until the Islamic conquest of Persia in th e 7th century.
# # Where is the Chaturbhuja temple ? = Chaturbhuj Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu , is situated at Orchh a in Madhya Pradesh, India .The temple is Date-able to CIRCA 1100 A.D. => This temple is also known as Jatakar, because it is located in the vi llage Jatakari. => This is the only temple in Khajuraho which lacks erotic sculptures.
# # Gorava Kunitha ? => Goravara Kunitha is a traditional dance of Kuruba Gowdas of Kar nataka and Andhra Pradesh.
=> Kuruba Gowdas are devotees of lord Mailara Linga, men belongin g to this community take Deekshe or the process of initiation to follo w the tradition of Gorava. => The Deekshe is usually performed before marriage. They dedicate their rest of lives for lord Mailara Linga and the folk form Goravara K unitha.
# # Whitley Commission Bharat me kis liye aayi thi ? => Whitley Stokes (1830 - 1909) was an Irish lawyer and scholar, wh o worked in India for about 20 years. After a period during which he d rafted procedural codes for both civil and criminal law, he was appoin ted president of a commission charged with drawing up a comprehens ive code of law for India. => An abiding problem during the colonial period in India was the plu rality of laws and court systems. In effect, there was one set of laws a nd courts for the British; and several entirely different sets of laws an d courts for indigenous Indians, with considerable regional variations. => Numerous successive colonial administrators struggled in this mor ass to try to bring the competing systems into a cohesive, unified form .
# # Sultan Grahi kya hai aur kisne banaya tha ? => Sultan Ghari was the first Islamic Mausoleum (tomb) built in 1231 AD for Prince Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud , eldest son of Iltumish, in the funerary landscape of Delhi in the Malakapur village (near Vasant K
unj). => Immensely grieved by the death of his favourite eldest son, Iltumis h built a tomb called the Sultan Ghari in memory of his son, in 1231 AD, close to the Qutb complex .
# # India Freedom Struggle k Chandrakant Javeri is known for ? => Chandrakant Javeri associated Usha Mehta, a veteran freedom figh ter of india to operate Congress Radio. => It was a clandestine and underground radio station, which operated for about three months during the Quit India Movement of 1942, a m ovement launched by Gandhi against the British Raj for independence of India .
# # Under whom did English army defeat Haider Ali at Porto Nov o? => Sir Eyre Coote, East India Company Officer...
# # Radical Democratic Party was established by ? => Radical Democratic Party, political party in India which existed at the time of the Second World War. RDP evolved out of the League of Radical Congressmen, which had been founded in 1939 by former C ommunist International leader M.N. Roy . => Roy founded RDP in 1940 with the purpose of engaging India in t
he war to support the Allies. RDP also worked for Indian independenc e.
# # What actually happens in Conjunctivitis ? => The word "conjunctivitis" comes from the word "conjuncti va" not just "conjunctiv." So conjunctivitis is the swelling of t he conjunctiva. => The conjunctiva is a membrane in a person's eye. It is trans parent and it lines the eyelid and part of the eyeball. => The purpose of this membrane is to help lubricate your eye . It gives off fluids that protect and lubricate your eye as it mo ves. => When you get pink eye, this membrane becomes inflamed. When this happens, blood veins in the conjunctiva stand out more and that is why your eye gets the red or pink look that gi ves this problem its more common name.
# # What is a Adiabatic process ? => a process that occurs without the transfer of heat or matter between a system and its surroundings. => A key concept in thermodynamics , adiabatic transfer pro vides a rigorous conceptual basis for the theory used to expou
nd the first law of thermodynamics. => It is also key in a practical sense, that many rapid chemical and physical processes are described using the adiabatic appr oximation; such processes are usually followed or preceded b y events that do involve heat transfer.
# # Vidyashankara temple where it is ? => at Sringeri , a hill town and taluk headquarters located in C hikkamagaluru district in the Indian state of Karnataka
# # Dramas written by Sriharsha ? => great plays like Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadarsika by Sri Harsha (7th century), .. # # . Tree of liberty at srirangpatanam => Tipu Sultan was interested in French revolutionary ideas. A Jacobin Club of extreme revolutionary ideas of liberty, equa lity and fraternity was formed at Srirangapatna. => Its purpos e was to introduce constitutional principles of democratic natu
re as enunciated in the Republic of France. => He planted the tree of liberty in front of his palace, and call ed himself "Citizen Tipu".

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IAS OUR DREAM NOTES COMPILATIONs Part 6

Sharing of Knowledge is the biggest Philanthropic work we regard! Like us at www.facebook.com/IASOURDREAM

# # How did the US aloofness is one of the reasons for WWII

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# # Difference between tributary and distributary

# # Mill gate price scheme

# # Minority cyber gram

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# # Maulana Azad Sehat Scheme ?

# # largest lake in South America ? => lake Titicaca

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# # what r STRUCTURAL metals ?

# # where is the Sattal Lake nd its pecularity ?

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ution is heaven for advocates".

# # Currency of Ukraine and Russia ? => Hryvnia nd Ruble...

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# # which Mughal Emperor stopped engravations of Kalma on coins ? => Aurangazeb

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Black Revolution - Petroleum Production

# # Folk songs of Madhya Pradesh ? => Pandavani,lotha. karma

# # Zeliang dance => folk dance of nagaland.

# # Author of Saraswatichandra => Govardhanram Madhavaram Tripathi

# # Gupta period architecture

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# # We find Negative Temperature Coefficient in ? => thermistor

# # Which r the taxes which cn b levied by Panchayat Samiti ?

# # What is Urs in Islam ?

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# # Blue Baby ? Itz a type of Congenital disease

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# # Birthplace of Parsvanath ? => Varanasi, (kashi)

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