What does an ERP System do?

• Integrates information across all departments

• Facilitates the flow of information among the different functions and processes of
an enterprise
- functions: manufacturing, finance, HR
- processes: order entry

• Tracks a wide range of events in the enterprise in an integrated fashion

• Plans future activities based on these events
• Supports analysis of trends in these events, to improve the performance of the
enterprise.
• Allows users to
- input data in one location, that can be processed with other data and accessed as
informational reports in a real-time environment
- share common data and practices across the entire enterprise
- reengineer the majority of its processes

Drivers of an ERP Investment

1. Technology

• Need for an infrastructure that will provide information across all functions and
locations within the organization
• Difficulty maintaining existing legacy systems
• Difficulty integrating acquisitions
• Obsolete hardware

2. Business Processes

• Complex, ineffective business processes

• Business processes are not integrated
• Need for a set of tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and
processes in a company
• Opportunity to reengineer business processes

3. Strategy

• Globalization
• New products, new services
• Need to be more responsive to customers
• Cost structures too high
• Poor quality or visibility of information
 • Foundation for e-business

4. Competition

• Competitors have an ERP system

Evolution of Enterprise Software

Enterprise Software Evolution

ERP Evolution
ERP Evolution

Evolution of ERP Systems

1. Inventory Control

• Most common approach:

- If the inventory drops below a minimum quantity, it is replenished with the
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
• Disadvantages
- very large inventory investment
- unreliable with a highly varying demand rate
- large investment in safety stock
- requires forecasts for all items
- based on past demand data
- material obsolescence is more likely

2. MRP (Material Requirements Planning)

• Calculates component requirements based on the Master Production Schedule

(MPS), Bill of Material (BOM) and inventory data
• Determines batch sizes for purchasing and manufacturing, and sends out
purchasing / manufacturing orders for them at the appropriate times

3. Closed-Loop MRP

• Considers material and capacity requirements

 • Prior to releasing production orders to shopfloor, it adds the planned workload to
existing workload, and compares it with the available capacity
• Assesses whether work should be rescheduled in order to smooth out any peaks in
capacity utilization (CRP)

4. MRP II (Manufacturing resource planning)

• Ccloses the loop with sales, financial and operations planning

• Includes the allocation of production equipment and labor
• can manage changes in the production plan
• includes JIT capabilities

5. ERP (Enterprise resource planning)

• ERP systems go beyond the barrier of manufacturing organizations

• Data are generated as a result of diverse transactions and integrated to be used by
multiple users, for multiple purposes and at multiple places

ERP Components
1. Financials

• General ledger
• Accounts receivable
• Accounts payable
• Asset management
• Treasury management
• Controlling

2. Human Resources

• Human resources administration

• Payroll
• Self-service
• Planning
- personnel development
- workforce
- shift

3. Sales and Distribution

• Prospect and customer management

• Sales order management
• Billing, invoicing and dispatch
• Sales history
4. Manufacturing

• Bills of materials, routings

• Different planning functions
- production planning
- capacity planning
- shop floor control
- production scheduling
• Project management
• Plant maintenance
• Quality management
• Multi-mode manufacturing functionalities
- make-to-stock
- make-to-order
- assemble-to-order
- engineer-to-order
- JIT
• Industry-specific solutions
- discrete manufacturing: automotive, high tech
- process industries: chemicals, oil & gas
- services: public services, banking, insurance

5. Materials Management

• Procurement
- generate purchase orders
- know the prices
- measure vendor performance
- receive goods into inventory
- pass invoices to accounts payables
• Inventory management
- where is all stock
- what is it worth
- stock movement tracking

6. Logistics

• Warehouse management
- maintains records of warehoused goods
- process movement of products through warehouses
• Transportation management
- manages delivery of products to customers
- produces legal documents for tax, customs, shipping agents

7. Reporting
• Information is made available to particular users in the form of specific reports.
• In addition, there are other approaches to generating data from the system,
including database queries.
• Recently, ERP reporting capabilities have begun to evolve as ERP vendors have
tried to increase the accessibility and ease of use of the ERP software.
The following methods of lie detection could be useful for managers,
employers, and just in everyday life. They will help you distinguish
where truth and lies and not become a victim of fraud. But remember
that sometimes ignorance - it is bliss.

External signs

Usually, this liar may be accompanied by the following features:

- A nervous cough;

- Stuttering;

- Yawning;

- Blink;

- Tremor in her voice;

- Change the color of a person;

- Heavy breathing;

- Dryness of the lips;

- Dry mouth;

- The appearance of droplets of sweat.

Gestures, body language

1. Gestures liar uncertain and limited.

2. A man who lies, avoiding eye contact.

3.Liar constantly touching their face, neck, mouth, etc., while he rarely
touches the chest of the heart.
4.When a person lies, his gesticulation becomes unnatural, sometimes
even fussy. He can pull at the edges of clothing, shakes off the dust,
remove small particles (real or imaginary), fingering, rubbing his
hands, straightens her hair.

5. Liar can nervously snapping his fingers, banging his foot on the
floor, and so forth - are symptoms of anxiety, for which a liar for sure
there are reasons.

Contradiction gestures and emotions

1.Very often in the first second after your question on the human face
shows what he really thinks. If his face expressed surprise, confusion
or doubt, and while he says his confidence is suspicious.

2. If the rate has slowed gestures, probably a man thought for a

moment, to come up with a plausible answer.

3. The lie can be accompanied by a mismatch between words and

gestures (nodding his head in the negative responses, rocking his head
with negative responses).

Interaction

1. A man who lies selects a defensive position, while the man who
speaks the truth goes on the offensive.

2.Liar does not feel comfortable standing in front of his interlocutor, he

can turn away from you in another direction or how to hide away from
your field of view (lean on the cabinet, while actually hiding behind
them, lying on a chair, driving it to him under the table, etc.)

3. Liar can unknowingly arranged between them and your foreign

objects (book, a cup of coffee, apple, etc.)

This
1. Liar, answering your question, use your own words. "For example:
"Did you eat the last cookie?" - "No, I did not eat the last biscuit!"

2. Liar, gives the answer in abbreviated form. For example, "This is not
me!" instead of "I did not do it!"

3. Liar, trying not to make direct statements, evasive answers, and

makes allusions, rather than speak directly.

4. Liar can be more than natural, adding extra unnecessary details to

convince you. He stops and tries not to pause in his speech.

5. Liar could lose control of timbre and tone of voice: a high tone
indicates a person experiences stress, as well as the voice of high
volume, monotonous speech may be an attempt to lull the interlocutor.

6. It liar may be strongly distorted, mainly affects the syntax and

grammar.

Other signs for which you can find the lie

1. If you think that someone is lying to you, change the subject, a liar
willing to support you and calm down.Guilty people will want to
translate the conversation into another channel, the innocent would
want to sort things out until the end.

2. A man who lies, uses a lot of humor and sarcasm in his speech.

Naturally, the presence of some of these signs does not make a man a
liar. So finding them in your friend, do not hurry to write it in turn.
Compare them with his usual behavior.