National Technical Training Institute

Assignment I:

Department of Civil Engineering

Shear & Moment Diagram for a Beam

12kN
x

1/

C
4m

2m
x

6 kN

18 kN

12kN

MA = 0 +
4By - 12 6 = 0 By =

72
4

Mx

= 18 kN

Mx

Fy = 0 +
Ay - 12 + 18 = 0 Ay = -6 kN

C
Vx

Vx

6kN

Mx Vx
A B : 0 x 3m
M1 = 0 +
Mx + 6x = 0 Mx = - 6x

x = 0
x = 4m

MA = 0
MB = -24 kN.m

-6 kN

Vx = Fy = -6 kN

C B : 0 x 2m
M2 = 0 +
- Mx 12x = 0 Mx = -12x

x = 0
x = 2m

12 kN

4m

2m

MC = 0
MB = -24 kN.m

-24 kN.m

Vx = -Fy = -(-12) = 12 kN

Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

2/

Department of Civil Engineering

14 kN

C
3m

B
3m

14 kN

12 kN

D
2m

12 kN

B
D

3 kN

MA = 0 +
14 3 12 8 + 6By = 0
By = 23 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay - 12 14 + 23 = 0
Ay = 3 kN
Mx Vx

23 kN
Vx

12 kN

Mx
Mx

D
Vx
3kN
14 kN

A C : 0 x 3m
Vx = Fy = 3 kN
M1 = 0 +
Mx 3x = 0 Mx = 3x
x = 0
MA = 0
x = 3m

MC = 9 kN.m

Mx

C B : 0 x 3m
V = 3 14 = -11 kN

Vx
3kN

12 kN

3kN

M2 = 0 +
M 3(3+x) + 14x = 0
M = 3(3+x) 14x

x = 0
x = 3m

MC = 9 kN.m
MB = 24 kN.m

D B : 0 x 2m

-11 kN

Vx = -Fy = -(-12) = 12 kN

M2 = 0 +
- Mx 12x = 0 Mx = -12x
x = 0
MD = 0

9 kN.m

x = 3m

MB = -24 kN.m

-24 kN.m
Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

3/

20 kN
C

MA = 0 +
20 3 18 + 6By = 0
By = 13 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay 20+13 = 0 Ay = 7 kN

D
18 kN.m

3m

3m

2m

M V

20 kN

A C : 0 x 3m

18 kN.m

V = 7 kN
7 kN

M1 = 0 +
M 7x = 0 M = 7x

x = 0
x = 3m

13 kN
M1

MA = 0

V1

MC = 21 kN.m
7 kN
20 kN

C B : 0 x 3m

M2

V = 7 20 = -13 kN
V2
7 kN

M2 = 0 +
M 7(3+x) + 20x = 0
M = 7(3+x) 20x

x = 0
x = 3m

20 kN
M3

MC = 21 kN.m

V3

MB = 18 kN.m

B D : 0 x 2m
V = 7 20 +13 = 0

7 kN

13 kN

7 kN

-13 kN

M3 = 0 +
M 13x + 20(3+x) 7(6+x) = 0
M = 13x 20(3+x) + 7(6+x)

x = 0
x = 3m

MB = 18 kN.m
MD = 18 kN.m

21 kN.m

M
-18 kN.m

Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

4/

48 kN
6 kN/m
A

C
B
6m

2m

Support Reaction
MA = 0 +
6 8 4 + 6By = 0 By = 32 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay 6 8 + 32 = 0 Ay = 16 kN

4m
16 kN

Vx Mx

Mx

Mx

6 kN/m

A
VX

VX

Vx = Fy = 16 6x

32 kN

6 kN/m

A B : 0 x 6m

4m

x=0

VA = 16 kN

X = 6m

VB = -20 kN

x
16 kN

M1 = 0 +
Mx + 6x

16x = 0 Mx = -3x2 + 16x

x = 0

16 kN

MA = 0

x = 6m

12 kN

MB = -12 kN.m

V'x = 6x 16 = 0 x = 2.66 m
Mmax = -3(2.66)2 + 16(2.66) = 21.33 kN.m
C B : 0 x 2m
Vx = -Fy = - (-6x) = 6x
x = 0
VC = 0
x = 2m

VB = 12 kN

x = 2.66m

- 20 kN
6m

2m

21.33 kN.m

M2 = 0 +
x
- Mx - 6x
= 0 Mx = -3x2
x = 0
x = 2m

MC = 0

-12 kN.M

MB = -12 kN.m

Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

5/
4 kN/m

8 kN

C
B
4m

2m

4 kN/m

8 kN
Mx

Mx

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
4 4 2 8 6 + 4By = 0
By = 20 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 4 8 + 20 = 0
Ay = 4 kN

C
x

Vx

Vx
x

Vx Mx

4 kN

A B : 0 x 4m
Vx = Fy = 4 4x

V
8 kN

x=0

VA = 4 kN

x = 4m

VB = -12 kN

4 kN

M1 = 0 +
Mx + 4x

4x = 0

Mx = -2x2 + 4x
1m

-12 kN
4m

2m

x = 0

x = 4m

MA = 0

MB = -16 kN.m

V'x = 4x 4 = 0 x = 1m
Mmax = -2(1)2 + 4(1) = 2 kN.m

C B : 0 x 2m

2 kN.m

Vx = -Fy = - (-8) = 8 kN

- 16 kN.m

M2 = 0 +
- Mx + 8x = 0 Mx = -8x
x = 0
MC = 0
x = 2m

Strength of Materials

MB = -16 kN.m
5

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

6/
4 kN/m
C
A

B
6m

2m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
4 6 3 + 8By = 0 By = 9 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 6 + 9 = 0 Ay = 15 kN

4 kN/m

Mx

Mx
B

A
x

Vx

Vx

15 kN

9 kN
x

Vx Mx
A C : 0 x 6m

Vx = Fy = 15 4x

x=0

VA = 15 kN

x = 6m

VC = -9 kN

15 kN

M1 = 0 +
Mx + 4x

x = 0
x = 6m

15x = 0 Mx = -2x2 + 15x

3.75m

- 9 kN

MA = 0
MC = -18 kN.m

V'x = 4x 15 = 0
x = 3.75m
2
Mmax = -2(3.75) + 15(3.75) = 28.13 kN.m

M
28.13 kN.m

B C : 0 x 2m
Vx = -Fy = -9 kN
M2 = 0 +
- Mx + 9x = 0 Mx = -9x
x = 0
MB = 0
x = 2m

-18 kN.m

MC = -18 kN.m

Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

7/
6 kN

2 kN

C
3m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA 6 3 2 5 = 0
MA = 28 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 6 2 = 0 Ay = 8 kN

B
2m

Vx

Vx Mx

Vx

2 kN

A
28 kN.m

A C : 0 x 3m

Mx

Mx

8 kN

Vx = Fy = 8 kN

x
x

M1 = 0 +
- Mx + 28 8x = 0 Mx = 28 - 8x
x = 0
x = 3m

MA = 28 kN.m
MC = 4 kN.m

8 kN

V
2 kN

B C : 0 x 2m
Vx = - Fy = -(-2) = 2 kN
M2= 0 +
- Mx 2x = 0
x = 0
x = 2m

Mx = 2x
MB = 0
MC = 4 kN.m

28 kN.m
4 kN.m

Strength of Materials

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

8/
2 kN

6 kN

C
2m

3m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA + 6 3 + 2 5 = 0
MA = 28 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 6 2 = 0 Ay = 8 kN

2 kN
Vx

Vx

A
Mx

Vx Mx

28 kN.m

Mx
x

8 kN

B C : 0 x 2m
Vx = Fy = 2 kN
M2= 0 +
- Mx + 2x = 0

x = 0
x = 2m

Mx = 2x
MB = 0
MC = 4 kN.m

- 2 kN
-8 kN

A C : 0 x 3m
Vx = Fy = 8 kN
28 kN.m
4 kN.m

Strength of Materials

M1 = 0 +
Mx 28 + 8x = 0 Mx = 28 - 8x
x = 0
x = 3m

MA = 28 kN.m
MC = 4 kN.m

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

9/
10 kN.m

4 kN

B
C

4 kN
Mx

2.5m

Vx

2.5m
30 kN.m
Vx

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA 10 4 5 = 0
MA = 30 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 = 0 Ay = 4 kN

Mx

4 kN
x

4 kN
10 kN.m

MA = 30 kN.m

Vx Mx

4 kN

A C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = Fy = 4 kN
M1 = 0 +
- Mx + 30 4x = 0 Mx = 30 - 4x

x = 0
x = 2.5m

4 kN

MA = 30 kN.m
MC = 20 kN.m

B C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = -Fy = 4 kN

30 kN.m

M2 = 0 +
- Mx 4x = 0 Mx = 4x

x = 0
x = 2.5m

Strength of Materials

20 kN.m
10 kN.m

MB = 0
MC = 10 kN.m

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

10/
4 kN

10 kN.m

A
C
2.5m

2.5m

4 kN
Vx

Mx

Mx

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
- MA + 10 + 4 5 = 0
MA = 30 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 = 0 Ay = 4 kN

MA = 30 kN.m

Vx Mx

Vx
4 kN
x

B C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = Fy = - 4 kN

4 kN

10 kN.m

M2 = 0 +
- Mx + 4x = 0 Mx = 4x
30 kN.m
4 kN

x = 0
x = 2.5m

MB = 0
MC = 10 kN.m

A C : 0 x 2.5m

Vx = - Fy = - 4 kN

- 4 kN

M1 = 0 +
Mx - 30 + 4x = 0 Mx = 30 - 4x

x = 0
x = 2.5m

MA = 30 kN.m
MC = 20 kN.m

M
20 kN.m

30 kN.m

10 kN.m

Strength of Materials

10

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

11/
4 kN

10 kN.m
Vx

Vx 10 kN.m

20 kN.m

Mx
Mx

2.5m

2.5m
4 kN

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA 4 2.5 10 = 0
MA = 20 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 = 0 Ay = 4 kN

4 kN

Vx Mx
A C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = Fy = 4 kN
M1 = 0 +
- Mx + 20 4x = 0 Mx = 20 - 4x

x = 0

MA = 20 kN.m

x = 2.5m

M
10 kN.m
20 kN.m

MC = 10 kN.m

B C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = -Fy = 4 kN
M2 = 0 +
Mx - 10 = 0

Mx = 10 kN.m

Strength of Materials

11

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

12/
10 kN.m

4 kN
Vx

Vx

10 kN.m

Mx

20 kN.m
Mx

2.5m

2.5m
4 kN

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA 4 2.5 10 = 0
MA = 20 kN.m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 4 = 0 Ay = 4 kN

V
- 4 kN

Vx Mx
B C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = -Fy = - 4 kN

M2 = 0 +
Mx - 10 = 0

Mx = 10 kN.m

10 kN.m
20 kN.m

A C : 0 x 2.5m
Vx = Fy = 4 kN
M1 = 0 +
Mx 20 + 4x = 0 Mx = 20 - 4x

x = 0
x = 2.5m

Strength of Materials

MA = 20 kN.m
MC = 10 kN.m

12

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

13/
8 kN/m

12 kN

B
3m
2m

1m

4 kN

8 kN

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
- 12 2 + 3By = 0 By = 8 kN
Fy = 0 +
Ay 12 + 8 = 0 Ay = 4 kN

8
2 3
Mx

Vx Mx
A B : 0 x 3m
Vx = Fy = 4

4 kN

8
2 3

VA = 4 kN

x = 3m

VB = -8 kN

Mx = 0 +
Mx +

8
2 3

4x = 0

Mmax =

8
2 3

+ 4x

-8 kN
3m

MA = 0

x = 3m
V'x = 4

4 kN

Mx =
x = 0

2
3

x=0

Vx

MB = 0

8
2 3

8 3
6

=0 x =3 x= 3m
2

M
4.62 kN.m

Strength of Materials

+ 4 3 = 4.62 kN.m

13

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

14/
8 kN/m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA - 12 1 = 0 MA = 12 kN,m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 12 = 0 Ay = 12 kN

3m

V M

V
VA = -

8 3
2

= -12 kN

VB = 0

-12 kN

MA =

8 3
6

= 12 kN.m

MB = 0

12 kN.m

15/
8 kN/m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
MA - 12 1 = 0 MA = 12 kN,m
Fy = 0 +
Ay 12 = 0 Ay = 12 kN

3m

V M

V
12 kN

VA =

8 3
2

= 12 kN

VB = 0
MA =

M
12 kN.m

Strength of Materials

8 3
6

= 12 kN.m

MB = 0

14

National Technical Training Institute

16/

Department of Civil Engineering

6 kN/m

Vx
6 kN/m

4 kN/m
4kN/m
C

A
2m

Vx

4m

Mx

Mx
10 kN

Support Reaction :
MB = 0 +
6 4 2 + 4 2 5 4Ay = 0 Ay = 22 kN
Fy = 0 +
By 8 24 + 22 = 0 By = 10 kN

6 kN/m

4kN/m

Vx Mx
C A : 0 x 2m

22 kN

10 kN

Vx = Fy = -4x
x = 0
VC = 0
x = 2m
VA = -8 kN
M1 = 0 +

Mx + 4x = 0

x = 0

Mx = -2x

14 kN

MC = 0

x = 2m

MA = - 8 kN.m
- 8kN

B A : 0 x 4m

-10 kN

Vx = - Fy = - 10 + 6x

x=0

VB = - 10 kN

x = 4m

VA = 14 kN

1.66m

M2 = 0 +
- Mx + 6x

x = 0
x = 4m

8.33 kN.m

10x = 0 Mx = -3x2 + 10x

MB = 0

MA = - 8 kN.m

V'x = - 10 + 6x = 0
x = 1.66m
2
Mmax = -3(1.66) +10(1.66) = 8.33 kN.m

Strength of Materials

-8 kN.m

15

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

6 kN/m

17/

4 kN/m
6 kN

24kN

A
2m

4m

Support Reaction :
MB = 0 +
6 2 + 24 3 4Ay = 0 Ay = 21 kN
Fy = 0 +
By 24 6 + 21 = 0 By = 9 kN
Vx Mx

3m
21 kN
1

x = 0

12

x = 0

+4x

x=0

VA = 3
18

26
3

Mx

kN

x/2

- 2x

6
2 : 3

18

76
9

37

2:
3

4(2+x)

2(

2:
6

kN.m

Mx
21 kN

2+
3

2+
2

2m

kN

37

+ 4(2+x)

76

)(2+x)

Vx

2:
2

kN

- 21x = 0

2(2 + x)(2 + x) + 21x

MA =

2.43 m

kN.m

26
3

kN

-9 kN

MB = 0

V'x = 21 4(2+x) Mmax =

VB = - 9 kN

2: 2:

x = 4m

12

x/3

2: 2:

VA =

x = 4m
M2 = 0 +

x = 0

12

Vx

= 0 Mx = -

MA =

Vx = 21 4(2 + x) -

Mx =

)x =

4x

A B : 0 x 4m

Mx +

9 kN

MC = 0

x = 2m

VC = 0

x = 2m
M1 = 0 +
2

Mx +

12
3

2(

C A : 0 x 2m
Vx = -4x -

2m

2:2.43 3
18

= 6.95 kN.m
Strength of Materials

2: 2:
6

= 0 x = 2.43m

6.95 kN.m

2(2+2.43)(2+2.43) + 21(2.43)

76
9

kN.m

16

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

18/
4 kN/m

4 kN/m

B
Bx

30

Ax
4m

Ay
By

RB

Support Reaction :
16

Ay = By =
= 8 kN
2

RB =

30

30

4 kN/m

= 9.24 kN

Bx = RB sin30 = 4.62 kN

8 kN

8 kN

Fx = 0 +
Ax 4.62 = 0 Ax = 4.62 kN

Vx Mx
A B : 0 x 4m
Vx = 8 4x

8 kN

x=0

VA = 8 kN

x = 4m

VB = -8 kN

M = 0 +
Mx + 4x

- 8 kN

8x = 0

Mx = - 2x2 + 8x

x=0

MA = 0

x = 2m
x = 4m

Mmax = 8 kN.m
MB = 0

8 kN.m

Strength of Materials

17

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

19/
20 kN

4 kN/m

16 kN.m
C

E
A

2m

D
4m

B
4m

20 kN

4 kN/m

8 kN
16 kN.m

28 kN

V
M

M2 = 0 +
- Mx +16 8x = 0 M = 16 - 8x
x = 0
MA = 16 kN.m

V
16 kN.m

4 kN/m
M

MD = -16 kN.m

M
8 kN

D B : 0 x 4m

20 kN

V = 8 20 = 12 kN

16 kN.m

V
M

M3 = 0 +
- M + 16 8(4+x) + 20x = 0
M = 16 8(4+x) + 20x
x = 0
MD = -16 kN.m

x = 4m

= 28 kN

M = 16 kN.m

Vx = Fy = 4 kN

8 kN

MB = 32 kN.m

E B : 0 x 4m

16 kN
8 kN

V = - Fy = 4x
x = 0
VE = 0
x = 4m

-12 kN

VB = 16 kN

M4 = 0 +

- M + 4x = 0
x = 4m

16 kN.m

A D : 0 x 4m

x = 0

80 :160 ; 16

Fy = 0 +
Ay 20 4 4 + 28 = 0 Ay = 8 kN

C A : 0 x 2m

x = 4m

By =

4m

V M

V = 0
M1 = 0 +
- M + 16 = 0

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
20 4 4 4 10 +16 + 8By = 0

M
M = 2x

ME = 0
MB = 32 kN.m

Strength of Materials

32 kN.m

16 kN.m

-16 kN.m

Support Reaction :
MA = 0 +
18
5 14 3 + 6By = 0 By = 35 kN
Fy = 0 +

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

20/
5 kN/m
C

D
A

4m

6m

4m

Vx Mx
C A : 0 x 4m
Vx = Fy = -5x
x = 0
VC = 0

5 kN/m
C

35 kN

35 kN

x = 4m
VA = -20 kN
M1 = 0 +

Mx + 5x = 0 Mx = -2.5x2

x = 0

Vx

MC = 0

x = 4m

Mx

Vx

Vx
Mx
Mx

MA = -40 kN.m

A B : 0 x 6m
Vx = 35 20 5x
x = 0
VA = 15 kN

x = 6m
VB = -15 kN
M2 = 0 +

Mx + 20(2 + x) + 5x 35x = 0

35 kN

Mx = -20(2 + x) 2.5x2 + 35x

x = 0
MA = - 40 kN.m

V
20 kN

x = 6m

MB = -40 kN.m

15 kN

-15 kN
-20 kN

V'x = 35 20 5x = 0 x = 3m
Mmax = -20(2 + 3) 2.5 32 + 35 3
= 17.5 kN.m

D B : 0 x 4m
Vx = - Fy = 5x
x = 0
VD = 0

M
17.5 kN.m

-40 kN.m

Strength of Materials

-40 kN.m

x = 4m
VB = 20 kN
M3 = 0 +

Mx + 5x = 0 Mx = -2.5x2

x = 0

x = 4m

MD = 0
MB = -40 kN.m

19

National Technical Training Institute

Assignment II:

Department of Civil Engineering

Two Dimensional Stress

() x = - 3 MPa ,

y = 5 MPa , xy = - 4 MPa
p , max
( Mohr)

= - 30
y

= 5 MPa

xy = - 4 MPa
x=

xy = 4 MPa

- 3 MPa

max

tan2 p =
;

2
=

; 2
2

max =

4 2
35

;3;5 2
2

+ (xy)2

+ 42

= 32

tan2 p = 1

Strength of Materials

2 p = 45
p = 22.5

= 5.66 MPa

20

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

Assignment III:

Composite Beams

12 in

20 in
As = 3.16 in2

The Reinforced concrete beams has the

cross-section shown in the figure.
Determine the allowable positive moment
that the beam can resist, give that :

n = = 8
(s )allow = 20000 psi
(c )allow = 1800 psi
As nAs
As = 3.16 4 = 12.64 in2
nAs = 8 12.64 = 101.12 in2

12 in
(Neutral Axis)

bx

x
C

12x

N.A

20 in

- nAs(d x ) = 0

101.12(20 x) = 0

6x2 + 101.12x 2022.4 = 0

20 - x
nAs

:
=

+ 2 4
2

101.12 + 101.122 4 6 2022.4

2 6
= 9.95 in.
=

C1 = x = 9.95 in

(Moment of Inertia)

20 in

C2 = 20 - x = 10.05 in

I=

1
3

(12)(9.95)3 + 101.12(10.0.5)2
= 14153.67 in4

( Mallow )

101.12 in2

Mall =

1800

14153.67
9.95

= 2560462.92 lb.in
= 2560.46 kip.in
= 213.4 kip.ft

Strength of Materials

21

National Technical Training Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

300 mm

The Reinforced concrete beams shown is

subjected to a positive bending moment of 175
kN.m. Knowing that the modulus of elasticity
is 25 GPa for the concrete and 200 GPa for the
steel, determine :
a) The stress in the steel (s)
b) The stress in the concrete (c)

480 mm

As

= 25 mm

As = 4( 252 ) = 1963.5 mm2

4

nAs
n=

200
25

=8

nAs = 8 1963.5 = 15708 mm2

(Neutral Axis)
300x

x
C

N.A

15708(480 x) = 0

150x + 15708x 7539840 = 0

480 x

:
nAs

+ 2 4
=
2
15708 + 157082 4 150 7539840
2 150
= 177.87 mm
=

C1 = x = 177.87mm

(Moment of Inertia)
I=

1
3

(300)(177.87)3 + 15708(302.13)2
= 1996606516 mm4
(s)

s = n

C2 = 480 - x = 302.13 mm

=8

175 106

15708 mm2

302.13

1996606516

= 211.85 MPa
(c)
c =

175

106

177.87

1996606516

= 15.59 MPa
Strength of Materials

22