RESEARCH SKILLS

Canadian Pre University (CPU)

Prepared by: Client Services Division

Select Your Sources Define Your Topic

Identify Assignment Printed or online resources?

Five Steps
Evaluate

Locate & Access

Searching strategy & types of resources

Use Ethically
Plagiarism & Citation Reliability?

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Taylors Catalogue & MulT-search Electronic Books - Ebrary

Online References Credo References and Encyclopedia Britannica Online Online Journals & Academic articles Academic Source Complete Ebscohost and JSTOR
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Searching as a Phrase?

Quotation Marks
As a phrase: Life of Pi (Results include only Life of Pi books/related articles) Not as a phrase: Life of Pi (Results includes other titles that contains the words Life of Pi in the books/articles)

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Search results

Relevant to topic? Reliable source?

Reliability of information

Who? Author/publisher/sponsor scholar/non-scholar? What? Content must be accurate, un-bias, current Why? Purpose Where? Location

Evaluation Checklist

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 We can find out more about the nature of the organization that owns the server from the organization code. .ac, .edu academic or educational servers .co, .com commercial servers .gov government servers .org non-governmental, nonprofitmaking organizations
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 Plagiarism-The act of presenting someone elses work or ideas as your own

Cut & Paste Copying Quoting without citing Using ideas without citing

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What is a Citation?
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source.

Be consistent and precise! Accuracy and completeness are important Keep track of all your sources throughout your research process
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Citing your sources

There are 2 places that you need to include your citation 1. In text citation 2. References

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Methods of citing the sources

Quote: use exact words of the source with quotation marks ( )

Paraphrase: restate in your own words

Summarize: condense a longer passage In ALL cases, you must cite the source
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Useful verbs and phrases for introducing direct quotes

As X states/ believes/ suggests /indicates/ points out / observes/ explains/ argues/ outlines/ contradicts / proposes, .. For example, X has argued that .

According to X, ..
X suggests/ believes/ observes that ...
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Citation in text

Include authors last name/surname/family name If three authors: include their last names If more than three authors: put et first authors last name Include page number

al. after the

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Citation in text
"forms of plagiarism include the failure to give appropriate acknowledgment when repeating or paraphrasing another's wording, . . . another's argument, or when presenting another's line of thinking" (Gibaldi 71). or "Identify the location of the borrowed information as specifically as possible" (Gibaldi 239).

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What is the connection between in text citation and references???

In text citation are just brief description of the source (author, page number) References are detailed description from in text citation which include author, title, year of publication, publisher and etc.

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References (MLA Style)

Citation in the text

Longitudinal data from the Beginning School Study, collected by Karl Alexander (11-32) and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins University, suggest that summer learning deficits of low-SES children accumulate over the elementary school years.

Complete reference list at the end

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Referencing at the end of your assignment

References or Bibliography whats the difference?
Reference list a single alphabetical list by author of everything you have specifically mentioned in your assignment

Bibliography a list of sources you have read but not specifically mentioned in your assignment

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Book Cover

Step 1: Identify book(s) to be referenced and the information given at the Cover page and Title Page (Title page is the page at or near the front ).

Title Page

Title

Authors Name

Publishers name

Year of publication Publisher and place of publication

Step 2: Go to the Verso page (verso page is generally on the opposite side of the title page) to find year and place of publication.

Books (Single to 3 authors)

Guidelines:

Author Name, First Name, Other names as they appear on the title page. Book Title: Subtitle (If included) (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher, Year. Medium.
Example:

Stovall, Jim and Tim Maurer. The Ultimate Financial Plan: Balacing Your Money and Life. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print.

** Note: For books where there are more than three authors, you may
name only the first author and add et al. OR you may give all names in full. The rest of the citation follows the general format of books.

Step 4: Gather all the information from the Title and Verso page and then arrange the information according to the guidelines and example.

Journal Articles (Printed)

Title of article

Authors Name

Step 1: Identify article(s) to be referenced and the information given at the first page

Year, Name of Journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), page numbers

Journal Articles (Printed) cont.

Guidelines:

Author last name, first name. Article title. Journal title volume.issue (Year): page. Print.
Example:

Lai, Ming-Ming, Ming-Ling Lai, and Siok-Hwa Lau. "Managing Money And Retirement Planning: Academics Perspectives." Pensions: An International Journal 14.4 (2009): 282-292. Print

Step 2: Gather all the information from the main page of or the last page of the article and arrange the information according to the guidelines and example.

Step 1: Click on User Skills drop down menu

Step 2: Click on User Support

Step 4: Click to MLA Style tab. There will be drop down option of MLA Style of Citation. Choose upon needed.