ALTERNATOR

Alternator principle

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Alternator principle

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Alternator principle

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Alternator principle

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Alternator principle

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ALTERNATOR PRINCIPLE
STATOR WINDING
ROTOR

WINDING

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ALTERNATOR PRINCIPLE

STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

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ALTERNATOR PRINCIPLE
EXCITER FIELD

RECTIFIERS
STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

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SHUNT PRINCIPLE
EXCITER FIELD

RECTIFIERS
STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

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SHUNT PRINCIPLE 3 PHASE

EXCITER FIELD

RECTIFIERS
STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

DIRECT CURRENT

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

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AREP PRINCIPLE
EXCITER FIELD

RECTIFIERS
STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

DIRECT CURRENT

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COMPOUND PRINCIPLE
RECTIFIERS EXCITER FIELD

STATOR WINDING

ROTOR WINDING

COMPOUNDING TRANSFORMER

A.V.R.

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT

DIRECT CURRENT

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Phase of Electricity
Star connection

Delta connection

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Phase of Electricity
Single phase AC circuit: Two wires connected to electricity source Direction of current changes many times per second
3-phases of an electric system (Wikipedia contributors, 2005)

Three phase systems: 3 lines with electricity from 3 circuits One neutral line 3 waveforms offset in time: 50-60 cycles/second

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POWER FACTOR

kW = ACTIVE POWER kVA = POWER kV AR = REACTIVE POWER INDUCTIVE P.F. = INDUCTIVE LOAD, ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR, TRANSFORMER ... (CURRENT IS LATE COMPARED TO THE VOLTAGE) CAPACITIVE POWER FACTOR : FLUORESCENT LIGHT, CAPACITOR ... (CURRENT IS FAST ON THE VOLTAGE)
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GENSETS

h
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ALTERNATOR RATINGS

CONTINUOUS DUTY S1/ 40C - IEC 34.1 DEFINITION RUNNING AT CONSTANT LOAD LIMITED TO THE INSULATION CLASS PERMISSIBLE OVERLOAD 1 H EVERY 6 HOURS
STAND BY DUTY 40C - RUNNING AT CONSTANT LOAD WITHOUT OVER LOAD FOR A LIMITED DURATION OF MAXIMUM 500H/YEAR WITH A PERMISSIBLE INCREASE OF THE TEMPERATURE RISE ABOVE CLASS H STAND BY DUTY 27C - SAME CONDITIONS THAN STAND BY DUTY 40C BUT WITH ACCEPTANCE OF A LOWER AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (27C) THAT ALLOWS TO INCREASE THE RATING AND THE TEMPERATURE RISE FOR THE SAME LEVEL OF TEMPERATURE IN THE GENERATOR EX: S1/40C = 100 KW - STD BY/40C = 105 KW - STD BY/27C = 110 KW

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FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY (Hz) =

Speed (min -1) x N (number of poles) 120

MAIN FREQUENCIES :

50 Hz : EUROPE, AFRICA, PART OF ASIA, PART OF SOUTH AMERICA.

60 Hz : NORTH AMERICA, PART OF ASIA, PART OF SOUTH AMERICA. 400Hz : AIRPORTS

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ALTERNATOR SPEED
SPEED IN MN -1 OR R.P.M. 2P 4P 6P 8P 10P 12P 14P 16P

50 Hz 3000 1500 1000 750 600 500 428 375 60 Hz 3600 1800 1200 900 720 600 514 450 DIRECTION OF ROTATION STANDARD : CLOCKWISE LOOKING FROM THE DRIVE END

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ALTERNATOR RATINGS
ACTIVE POWER : KW

P = 3 UI Cos j (3 phase) KW
RATED POWER : kVA

ENGINE

S = 3 UI (3 phase) KVA ALTERNATOR

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Alternator parts
Main Generators Parts & Assembling

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Rotor Assembling

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Cooling Fan

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Main rotor

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Rotating Diode

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Ext. Rotor

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Ext. Stator

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Main stator

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Frame

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Terminal Box

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Permanent magnetic

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Air outlet

Air inlet

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