REPORTED SPEECH 1. Statements a) If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported Speech. e.g.

: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan says that she works in an office. b) If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported Speech. e.g.: Susan: "I work in an office." Susan said that she worked in an office. Backshift of tenses Simple resent !!!!!!!!!! Simple ast Simple ast !!!!!!!!!!!!! ast erfect resent erfect !!!!!!!!! ast erfect ast erfect !!!!!!!!!!!!! ast erfect "ill !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "ould am#are#is !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! was#were was#were !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! had been here !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! there has been !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! had been ne&t $week) !!!!!!!!!!! the following $week) had been !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! had been tomorrow !!!!!!!!!!!!!! the ne&t#following day 2. Reported commands Steps: changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of time#place e&pressions Form: to tell ' $not) to ' infiniti%e. e.g.: (ather: ")o your homework." (ather told me to do my homework. *eacher: ")on+t talk to your neighbour." *he teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour. 3. Reported questions Steps: changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of time#place e&pressions In Reported speech the ,uestion becomes a statement. Time expressions this $e%ening) !!!!!!!!!!! that $e%ening) today#this day !!!!!!!!!!! that day these $days) !!!!!!!!!!!!!! those $days) now !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! then $a week) ago !!!!!!!!!!!! $a week) before last weekend !!!!!!!!!!! the weekend before # the pre%ious weekend

Form: sub-ect ! %erb e.g.: eter: ")o you play football." ! eter asked me whether $if) I played football. eter: ""hen do you play football." ! eter asked me when I played football.